Misplaced Pages

#889110

57-745: Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior ( CETYS ) is a private university founded in 1961, located in the state of Baja California . CETYS is a three-campus university system in Engineering, Business and the Social Sciences. Under the support of a group of businessmen, who formed the Instituto Educativo del Noroeste (IENAC), a not-for-profit civil association that supports CETYS. The institution opened its doors on September 20, 1961, in Mexicali. Tijuana began operating in 1970, with

114-497: A Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Conacyt) investigator, a little under a million people were classified as "poor" in the state, up from 2008 when there were roughly 810,000. Exactly who these people are, whether locals, interstate or international migrants, was not explained. Baja California offers one of the best educational programs in the country, with high rankings in schooling and achievement. The state government provides education and qualification courses to increase

171-420: A 5.1-magnitude shaker at 4:14 am that was centered near El Centro . As of 6:31   am PDT on 5 April 2010, two people were confirmed dead. Baja California is subdivided into seven municipios (' municipalities '): Ensenada , Mexicali , Tecate , Tijuana , Rosarito , San Quintín and San Felipe . In Baja California, state elections are held every two years (every three years prior to 2019) for

228-638: A 7.2 M w   (on the moment magnitude scale ) magnitude northwest-trending strike-slip earthquake hit the Mexicali Valley , with its epicenter 26 km (16 mi) southwest of the city of Guadalupe Victoria, Baja California . The main shock was felt as far as the Los Angeles , Las Vegas , Phoenix and Tucson metropolitan areas , and in Yuma. At least a half-dozen aftershocks with magnitudes between 5.0 and 5.4 were reported, including

285-537: A bank trust property has the option to either remain within the trust or opt out of it and request the title in escritura . Mexico's early history involved foreign invasions and the loss of vast amounts of land; in fear of history being repeated, the Mexican constitution established the concept of the "Restricted Zone". In 1973, in order to bring in more foreign tourist investment, the Bank Trust of Fideicomiso

342-644: A large Chinese community, as well as many Filipinos who arrived to the state during the eras of Spanish Philippines and American rule (1898–1946) in much of the 19th and 20th centuries. Tijuana and Ensenada were major ports of entry for East Asians entering the U.S. ever since the first Asian Americans were present in California. According to the 2020 Census, 1.71% of Baja California's population identified as Black, Afro-Mexican , or of African descent. Since 1960, large numbers of migrants from southern Mexican states have arrived to work in agriculture (especially

399-512: A low-level marine fog near the coast. The fog occurs along any part of the Pacific coast of the state. The change of altitude towards the Sierra de Baja California creates an alpine climate in this region. Summers are cool, while winters can be cold with below freezing temperatures at night. It is common to see snow in the Sierra de Juárez, Sierra de San Pedro Mártir and in the valleys in between

456-575: A more sedentary lifestyle. The Cocopa and Quechan of northeastern Baja California practiced agriculture in the floodplain of the lower Colorado River . Another group of people was the Guachimis, who came from the north and created much of the UNESCO World Heritage -recognized Sierra de Guadalupe cave paintings . Not much is known about them except that they lived in the area between 100   BC and 1300   AD. Europeans reached

513-585: A strong focus on tariff-free export oriented manufacturing ( maquiladora ). As of 2005, 284,255 people are employed in the manufacturing sector. There are more than 900 companies operating under the federal Prosec program in Baja California. In 2021, Baja California generated 57,550 new jobs, about 15.2 jobs per 1000 inhabitants, making it the 5th highest in the country and the second highest of any border state behind Nuevo León (86,364 new jobs). The majority of these new jobs were generated in and around

570-404: A true agricultural center . The Cerro Prieto geothermal province is near Mexicali as well (this area is geologically part of a large pull apart basin ); it produces about 80% of the electricity consumed in the state and enough additional power to export to California. Laguna Salada , a saline lake below sea level lying between the rugged Sierra de Juárez and the Sierra de los Cucapah, is also in

627-741: Is a variety of reptiles, including the Western fence lizard , which is at the southern extent of its range. The name of the fish genus Bajacalifornia is derived from the Baja California peninsula. In the main wildlife refuges on the peninsula of Baja California, Constitution 1857 National Park and Sierra de San Pedro Mártir National Park , several coniferous species can be found. The most abundant are Jeffrey pine, Pinus ponderosa , Pinus cembroides , Pinus quadrifolia , Pinus monophylla , Juniperus , Arctostaphylos pringlei subsp. drupacea , Artemisia ludoviciana and Adenostoma sparsifolium . Baja California shares many plant species with

SECTION 10

#1732798680890

684-587: Is below sea level) experiences the highest temperatures in Mexico, frequently surpassing 47 °C (116.6 °F) in mid-summer, and exceeding 50 °C (122 °F) on some occasions. Further south along the Pacific coast, the Mediterranean climate transitions into a desert climate, but it is milder and not as hot as along the gulf coast. Transition climates, from Mediterranean to desert, can be found from San Quintín to El Rosario . Further inland and along

741-612: Is scheduled for 2024 . During the 2021 Mexican legislative election , six of the eight federal deputies representing Baja California in the Mexican Chamber of Deputies were won by Morena candidates, with the other two being won by candidates of the Labor and Ecologist Green parties. The next legislative elections are scheduled for 2024 . Although the state is more European in ancestry, it has historically seen sizable East and Southeast Asian immigrant population. Mexicali has

798-547: Is steadily growing. Baja California has developed a need to be self-sufficient in matters of technological and scientific innovation and to be less dependent on foreign countries. Current businesses demand new production processes as well as technology for the incubation of companies. The number of graduate degrees offered, including PhD programs, is 121. The state has 53 graduate schools. As of 2005, Baja California's economy represents 3.3% of Mexico's gross domestic product , or US$ 21.996 billion. Baja California's economy has

855-555: Is suitable for agriculture. Such valleys include the Valle de Guadalupe and the Valle de Ojos Negros, areas that produce citrus fruits and grapes. The mineral-rich mountain range extends southwards to the Gulf of California, where the western slope becomes wider, forming the Llanos del Berrendo on the border with Baja California Sur. The mountain ranges located in the center and southern part of

912-404: Is the largest natural resource issue of the state. Baja California's climate varies from Mediterranean to arid . The Mediterranean climate is found in the northwestern corner of the state, where the summers are dry and mild and the winters cool and rainy. This climate is observed in areas from Tijuana to San Quintín and nearby interior valleys. The cold oceanic California Current often creates

969-487: Is the site of large colonies of sea lions . Cedros Island exists in the southwest of the state's maritime region. The Todos Santos islands and Coronado Islands are located off the coasts of Ensenada and Tijuana, respectively. All of the islands in the Gulf of California on the Baja California side belong to the municipality of Mexicali. Baja California obtains much of its water from the Colorado River. Historically,

1026-481: The 2018 Mexican general election , the presidential vote of Baja California was won by a landslide of almost 44% by Andrés Manuel López Obrador of the Morena party. Out of the 8 federal deputies representing Baja California in the Mexican Chamber of Deputies , 5 were won by Morena candidates, 2 were won by Social Encounter Party candidates, and 1 was won by a Labor Party candidate. The next Mexican general election

1083-846: The Baja California Peninsula , landing at the Bay of La Paz . After taking on supplies of wood and water Ulloa rounded the tip of the peninsula with great difficulty and sailed northward along the western shore in the Pacific Ocean . The voyage eventually reached 28 degrees north near the Isla de Cedros . The fierce winds and high seas he encountered eventually stalled his progress. Accounts differ if Ulloa continued northward or if he turned around to return to New Spain. A personal letter to Cortés on April 5 seemed to indicate that he intended to continue northward, at which point his ship

1140-627: The El Rosario River, the state changes from a Mediterranean landscape to a desert one. This desert exhibits diverse succulent species that flourish in part due to the coastal fog . To the east, the Sonoran Desert enters the state from both California and Sonora. Some of the highest temperatures in Mexico are recorded in or nearby the Mexicali Valley. However, with irrigation from the Colorado River, this area has become

1197-580: The Laguna Mountains and San Jacinto Mountains in southwest California. The lower elevations of the Sierra de Juárez are characterized by chaparral and desert shrub . Guadalupe Island and its surrounding waters, 250 kilometres (160 miles) off the Pacific coast, has been designated the Guadalupe Island Biosphere Reserve to preserve endangered marine and terrestrial species of animals and plants. The fauna in

SECTION 20

#1732798680890

1254-525: The Republic of Baja California . The Mexican government forced his retreat after several months. When liberal army general Porfirio Díaz came to power in 1876, he embarked on a major program to develop and modernize Mexico. Baja California encompasses a territory within the Californias region of North America, which exhibits diverse geography for a relatively small area. The Peninsular ranges of

1311-679: The Roman Catholic Church retained too much power in the post-independence period and sought to undermine it by mandating the secularization of missions in 1833. In the aftermath of the Mexican American War (1846–1848) and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , the United States gained sovereignty over territory previously held first by New Spain and then Mexico, most of which was sparsely settled. Alta California

1368-511: The 2019 Baja California state election, Jaime Bonilla Valdez of the Morena -led Juntos Hacemos Historia coalition won by a margin of 27.58% to become the governor of Baja California. In addition, 21 out of 25 state deputy positions and all 5 municipal mayoral positions were won by candidates aligned with the Juntos Hacemos Historia coalition. During the 2021 Baja California state election, Marina del Pilar Ávila Olmeda of

1425-467: The California cordillera run down the geographic center of the state. The most notable ranges of these mountains are the Sierra de Juárez and the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir . These ranges are the location of forests reminiscent of Southern California 's San Gabriel Mountains . Picacho del Diablo is the highest peak on the peninsula. Valleys between the mountain ranges are located within a climate zone that

1482-560: The Ensenada campus following in 1975. Today, IENAC is led by Gustavo Vildosola Ramos, while Dr. Fernando Leon Garcia is the university President. CETYS possesses an Academic Advisory Council (CCA) responsible for analyzing and discussing transcendental issues of interest to the CETYS University System. Baja California The state has an estimated population of 3,769,020 as of 2020, significantly higher than

1539-495: The Gulf of California, the vegetation is scarce and temperatures are very high during the summer months. The islands in the Gulf of California also have a desert climate. Some oases can be found in the desert where few towns are located – for instance, Catavina , San Borja and Santa Gertrudis. Common trees in the high elevations are the Jeffrey pine , sugar pine and pinon pine . Understory species include manzanita . There

1596-515: The Mexicali Valley and nearby Imperial Valley , California, U.S.) and manufacturing. The cities of Ensenada, Tijuana, and Mexicali grew as a result of migrants, primarily those who sought U.S. citizenship. Those temporary residents awaiting their entry into the United States are called flotillas , which is derived from the Spanish word flota , meaning 'fleet'. There is also a sizable immigrant community from Central and South America, and from

1653-684: The Morena-led Juntos Hacemos Historia coalition won by a margin of 17.49% to become the first female governor of Baja California. Of the state's 25 local deputies, 13 were won by Morena-aligned candidates, followed in a distant second place by candidates of the Solidarity Encounter Party (PES), National Action Party (PAN), and Labor Party (PT) with 3 seats each. All 5 municipal mayoral positions were again won by Morena-aligned candidates. The next state elections are scheduled for 2023 . During

1710-520: The Pacific shore. On the Gulf of California, the largest island is Angel de la Guarda Island , separated from the peninsula by the deep and narrow Canal de Ballenas . The first people came to the peninsula at least 11,000 years ago. At that time, two main native groups are thought to have been present on the peninsula – the Cochimí in the south, and several groups belonging to the Yuman language family in

1767-519: The Spanish crown divided California into Alta ('Upper') and Baja ('Lower') California at the line separating the Franciscan missions in the north from the Dominican missions in the south. The colonial governors were José Joaquín de Arillaga (1804–1805), Felipe de Goicoechea (1806–1814), and José Darío Argüello (1814 – April 11, 1822). Mexican liberals were concerned that

Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior - Misplaced Pages Continue

1824-534: The United States and Canada. An estimated 200,000+ American expatriates live in the state, especially in coastal resort towns such as Ensenada, known for affordable homes purchased by retirees who continue to hold U.S. citizenship. San Felipe, Rosarito and Tijuana also have a large American population (second largest in Mexico after Mexico City), particularly for their cheaper housing and proximity to San Diego. Some 60,000 Oaxacans live in Baja California. Some 40% of them lack proper birth certificates. According to

1881-568: The borders and coasts of Mexico by way of a trust handled through a Mexican bank (Fideicomiso). This trust assures to the buyer all the rights and privileges of ownership, and it can be sold, inherited, leased, or transferred at any time. Since 1994, the Foreign Investment Law stipulates that the Fideicomiso must be to a 50-year term , with the option to petition for a 50-year renewal at any time. Any Mexican citizen buying

1938-432: The cities of Tijuana , Mexicali , Ensenada , Playas de Rosarito , and Tecate . Industries that experienced the highest degree of growth in 2021 include transformative industries , transport and communication , commerce , and construction . As of November 2021, Baja California has the highest employment rate of any state in northern Mexico , with a rate of 96.7%. As of September 2021, Baja California receives

1995-449: The coast and reaching the Gulf of California six weeks later. Ulloa named it the "Sea of Cortés" in honor of his patron. When one of his ships was lost in a storm Ulloa paused to repair the other two ships, and then resumed his voyage on September 12, eventually reaching the head of the Gulf. Unable to find the through-continent route, Ulloa turned south and sailed along the eastern coast of

2052-539: The first overland exploration of the northwestern portion of the state. The Dominicans took over management of the Baja California missions from the Franciscans in 1773. They established a chain of new missions among the northern Cochimí and western Yumans, first on the coast and subsequently inland, extending from El Rosario (1774) to Descanso (1817), just south of Tijuana below the Palóu Line . In 1804,

2109-560: The major wine-producing area in Mexico. To the east of the mountain range, the Sonoran Desert dominates the landscape. In the south, the weather becomes drier and gives way to the Vizcaíno Desert . The state is also home to numerous islands off both of its shores. Baja California is also home to Guadalupe Island , the westernmost point of Mexico. The Coronado Islands , Todos Santos islands , and Cedros Island are also on

2166-587: The north, including the Kiliwa , Paipai , Kumeyaay , Cocopa , and Quechan . These peoples were diverse in their adaptations to the region. The Cochimí of the peninsula's Central Desert were generalized hunter-gatherers who moved frequently; however, the Cochimí on Cedros Island off the west coast developed a strong maritime economy. The Kiliwa, Paipai, and Kumeyaay in the better-watered northwest were also hunter-gatherers, but that region supported denser populations and

2223-430: The parks include a large number of mammals, primarily mule deer , bighorn sheep , cougars , bobcats , ringtail cats , coyotes , rabbits , squirrels and more than 30 species of bats . The park is also home to many avian species like bald eagles , golden eagles , falcons , woodpeckers , black vultures , crows , and several species of Sittidae and duck . At 3:40:41 pm PDT on Easter Sunday, 4 April 2010,

2280-485: The positions of state governor , 25 state deputies of the Congress of Baja California , and 5 municipal mayors. Of the 25 state deputies, 17 are elected by relative majority in each of the electoral districts, while another 8 are elected by proportional representation. The 17 deputies elected by relative majority may be re-elected for up to four consecutive terms, while the other 8 deputies can only serve one term. During

2337-472: The present state of Baja California in 1539, when Francisco de Ulloa reconnoitered its east coast on the Gulf of California and explored the peninsula's west coast at least as far north as Cedros Island. Hernando de Alarcón returned to the east coast and ascended the lower Colorado River in 1540, and Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo (or João Rodrigues Cabrilho (in Portuguese) ) completed the reconnaissance of

Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior - Misplaced Pages Continue

2394-658: The river drained into the Colorado River Delta and then flowed into the Gulf of California, but due to large demands for water in the American Southwest , less water now reaches the Gulf. The Tijuana metropolitan area also relies on the Tijuana River as a source of water. Much of rural Baja California depends predominantly on wells, a few dams and even oases. Tijuana also purchases water from San Diego County's Otay Water District. Potable water

2451-542: The sparsely populated Baja California Sur to the south, and similar to San Diego County, California , and Imperial County, California to its north. Over 75% of the population lives in Mexicali (the state's capital city), Ensenada , or Tijuana (the state's largest city). Other important cities include San Felipe , Rosarito , and Tecate . Baja California is the 12th-largest state by area in Mexico. Its geography ranges from beaches to forests and deserts. The backbone of

2508-548: The state include the Sierra de La Asamblea , Sierra de Calamajué, Sierra de San Luis and the Sierra de San Borja . Temperate winds from the Pacific Ocean and the cold California Current make the climate along the northwestern coast pleasant year-round. As a result of the state's location on the California Current, rains from the north barely reach the peninsula, thus leaving southern areas drier. South of

2565-471: The state is the Sierra de Baja California, where Picacho del Diablo , the highest point of the peninsula, is located. This mountain range effectively divides the weather patterns in the state. In the northwest, the weather is semi-dry and Mediterranean . In the narrow center, the weather changes to be more humid due to altitude. It is in this area where a few valleys can be found, such as the Valle de Guadalupe ,

2622-506: The state of Baja California. Jesuit missions were subsequently established among the Cochimí at Santa Gertrudis (1752), San Borja (1762), and Santa María (1767). After the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1768, the short-lived Franciscan administration (1768–1773) resulted in one new mission at San Fernando Velicatá . More importantly, the 1769 expedition to settle Alta California under Gaspar de Portolà and Junípero Serra resulted in

2679-539: The third highest amount of foreign direct investment of any state in Mexico, constituting about 7.7% of the national total and behind only Nuevo León (7.7%) and Mexico City (16.5%). About 81.4% of Baja California's foreign domestic investment comes from the United States , of which 50.3% comes from the construction of natural gas pipelines and 8.2% comes car and truck manufacturing. The Foreign Investment Law of 1973 allows foreigners to purchase land within

2736-486: The two ranges from December to April. Due to orographic effects, precipitation is much higher in the mountains of northern Baja California than on the western coastal plain or eastern desert plain. Pine, cedar and fir forests are found in the mountains. The east side of the mountains produces a rain shadow , creating an extremely arid environment. The Sonoran Desert region of Baja California experiences hot summers and nearly frostless mild winters. The Mexicali Valley (which

2793-420: The vicinity of Mexicali. The state government has recently been considering plans to revive Laguna Salada. The highest mountain in the Sierra de los Cucapah is Cerro del Centinela or Mount Signal . The Cucapah are the primary indigenous people from the mountains north to Yuma, Arizona . There are numerous islands on the Pacific shore. Guadalupe Island is located in the extreme west of the state's boundaries and

2850-528: The west coast in 1542. Sebastián Vizcaíno again surveyed the west coast in 1602, but outside visitors during the following century were few. The Jesuits founded a permanent mission colony on the peninsula at Loreto in 1697. During the following decades, they gradually extended their sway throughout the present state of Baja California Sur. In 1751–1753, the Croatian Jesuit mission-explorer Ferdinand Konščak made overland explorations northward into

2907-809: The workforce standards, such as school–enterprise linkage programs which help the development of a labor force according to the needs of the industry. 91.60% of the population from six to fourteen years of age attend elementary school. 61.95% of the population over fifteen years of age attends or has already graduated from high school. Public school is available in all levels from kindergarten to university. The state has 32 universities offering 103 professional degrees. These universities have 19 research and development centers for basic and applied investigation in advanced projects related to biotechnology, physics, oceanography, computer science, digital geothermal technology, astronomy, aerospace, electrical engineering and clean energy, among others. At this educational level, supply

SECTION 50

#1732798680890

2964-654: Was a Spanish explorer who explored the west coast of present-day Mexico and the Baja California Peninsula under the commission of Hernán Cortés . Ulloa's voyage was among the first to disprove the cartographic misconception of the existence of the Island of California . It is not known whether Ulloa accompanied Cortés on his first expedition to the New Spain . By the account of historian Bernal Díaz del Castillo , he came to Mexico later while transporting letters to Cortés from his wife. According to some early historians, Ulloa

3021-402: Was alive as part of a legal investigation as to the whereabouts of the daughter of one of his former pilots, stating that "Ulloa had carried her off and could give the information better than he," casting further doubt on Ulloa's ultimate fate. Although his discoveries showed that Baja California is a peninsula , legends and maps depicting California as an island persisted intermittently into

3078-657: Was created, thus allowing non-Mexicans to own land without any constitutional amendment necessary. Since the law went into effect, it has undergone many modifications in order to make purchasing land in Mexico a safer investment. Newspapers of Baja California include El Centinela , El informador de Baja California , El Mexicano (edición Tijuana) , El Mexicano Segunda Edición , El Sol de Tijuana , El Vigía , Esto de las Californias , Frontera , La Crónica de Baja California , La Voz de la Frontera , and Semanario Zeta . Francisco de Ulloa Francisco de Ulloa ( pronounced [fɾanˈθisko ðe wˈʎoa] ) (died 1540)

3135-493: Was incorporated into the U.S., and during the California Gold Rush , quickly gained enough population to be admitted to the union as a state. Baja California gains control of where is now the cities of Tijuana , Mexicali , and Tecate from Alta California after the treaty and remained under Mexican control. In 1853, soldier of fortune ( mercenary ) William Walker captured La Paz , declaring himself president of

3192-633: Was influential in helping subdue the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan by naval power. In 1539, at the private expense of Cortés, he embarked on an expedition in three small vessels, sailing north from Acapulco to explore the Pacific Coast, and to seek a sea route through the North American continent that supposedly led to the Gulf of St. Lawrence , proving the existence of a northern passage. The expedition left on July 8 sailing northwards along

3249-451: Was lost. However, no records note the loss of his voyage, and the fact that later maps from the voyage of Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo included detail of this part of the peninsula indicate that Ulloa returned to New Spain and was able to confer with cartographers. Díaz del Castillo maintains that Ulloa was able to return to port, and was stabbed to death by a soldier from his crew in 1540. However, in 1543, Cortés indicated that he believed Ulloa

#889110