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33-479: The toponym Courmayeur has been mentioned as Curia majori (1233–1381), Corte Maggiore (1620), Cormoyeu (1648), Cormaior (1680), Cormaior (Vissher, 1695), Cormaggior (L'Isle, 1707), Cormaior (Stagnoni, 1772) and Cormaieur (Martinel, 1799). The present toponym was first confirmed by Édouard Aubert ( La Vallée d'Aoste , 1860), Joseph-Marie Henry ( Histoire populaire de la Vallée d'Aoste , 1929) and Amé Gorret ( Guide de la Vallée d'Aoste , 1877). It became

66-931: A transitional deacon in the Anglican and Roman churches, except that Lutheran vicars are not ordained. In the Evangelical Lutheran Church in South Africa, a vicar is a person who has completed seminary training and is awaiting ordination while serving at a parish where the Diocesan Council places him or her. The title Vikar , used in the Lutheran churches in Germany, is comparable while the Lutheran Church of Sweden calls it kyrkoherde ("church shepherd"), although that title

99-727: A digression in Framley Parsonage (chapter 14) on the incomprehensible logic that made one vicar rich and another poor. The 18th-century satirical ballad " The Vicar of Bray " reveals the changes of conscience a vicar (whether of the Bray in Berkshire or of that in County Wicklow ) might undergo in order to retain his meagre post, between the 1680s and 1720s. "The Curate of Ars " (usually in French: Le Curé d'Ars )

132-429: A local representative of the emperor , such as an archduke , could be styled " vicar ". The Pope bears the title vicar of Christ (Latin: Vicarius Christi ). In Catholic canon law , a vicar is the representative of any ecclesiastic entity. The Romans had used the term to describe officials subordinate to the praetorian prefects . In the early Christian churches, bishops likewise had their vicars, such as

165-531: A mountaineer and as a writer. In 1866 he was transferred to Valgrisenche . Between 1869 and 1880 further frequent changes of parish ensued. During this period he combined parish duties as the village priest with teaching at the seminary in Aosta and with mountaineering . At this time he got to know a number of the leading figures in Italian mountaineering, then undergoing a period of rapid expansion. In 1863

198-686: A popular tourist destination when alpinism arose, thanks to its proximity to Mont Blanc. Under the Fascist regime and its "Italianist" rule, the town was briefly renamed Cormaiore . Courmayeur was reestablished in 1948 alongside all other French toponyms in the Aosta Valley. The Mont Blanc Tunnel , connecting Courmayeur with Chamonix , opened in 1965, and provides an important road link between Italy and France. In 2013, in accordance with regional law 61 ( Dénomination officielle des communes de la Vallée d'Aoste et protection de la toponymie locale ),

231-480: A priest entrusted by the bishop with a certain degree of leadership in a territorial division of a diocese or a pastoral region known as a vicarate forane or a deanery. A parochial vicar is a priest assigned to a parish in addition to, and in collaboration with, the parish priest or rector . He exercises his ministry as an agent of the parish's pastor, who is termed parochus in Latin. Some papal legates are given

264-718: A referendum was carried out to change the official name to Courmayeur-Mont-Blanc , but there was insufficient support. At an elevation of 1,224 m (4,016 ft) above sea level , it is located at the foot of the southern side of Mont Blanc , at 4,810 m (15,781 ft) the highest point in the Alps and western Europe (see Seven Summits ), and is crossed by the Dora Baltea (fr. Doire baltée ) river. Courmayeur shares administration of Mont Blanc with its neighboring municipality of Saint-Gervais-les-Bains in France , and

297-580: A small salary (paid sometimes by the diocese ). (See also in Church of England .) Today, the roles of a rector and a vicar are essentially the same. Which of the two titles is held by the parish priest is historical. Some parishes have a rector, others a vicar. In the Episcopal Church in the United States of America , the positions of "vicar" and "curate" are not recognized in the canons of

330-599: A superior (compare "vicarious" in the sense of "at second hand"). Linguistically, vicar is cognate with the English prefix "vice", similarly meaning "deputy". It also refers to a senior priest in the Church of England . The title appears in a number of Christian ecclesiastical contexts, but also as an administrative title , or title modifier, in the Roman Empire . In addition, in the Holy Roman Empire ,

363-426: Is a need to avoid an overlapping jurisdiction. In some other Eastern Orthodox churches the term " chorbishop " is used instead of "vicar bishop". In Anglicanism , a vicar is a type of parish priest . Historically, parish priests in the Church of England were divided into vicars, rectors , and perpetual curates . The parish clergy and church were supported by tithes —like a local tax (traditionally, as

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396-683: Is a term for what is known as suffragan bishop in the Anglican Communion or as auxiliary bishop in the Latin Church of the Catholic Church . A vicar bishop usually bears in his title the names of both his titular see (usually, a smaller town within the diocese he ministers in) and the see he is subordinate to. For example, Ignaty Punin, the vicar bishop under the Diocese of Smolensk , is titled "The Right Reverend Ignaty,

429-739: Is consequently able to claim the title of highest commune in Italy. Courmayeur also shares access to the glacial ski run of the Vallée Blanche with another French town, Chamonix , which sits at the opposite, northern, side of the Mont Blanc massif . Courmayeur is cited as "Italy's best all-round ski resort", and contains the Alpine Botanical Garden Saussurea , which describes itself as Europe 's highest botanical garden . The Church of Saint-Pantaléon dates to

462-399: Is more comparable to a rector . Oliver Goldsmith 's novel The Vicar of Wakefield (1766) and Honoré de Balzac 's The Curate of Tours ( Le Curé de Tours ; 1832) evoke the impoverished world of the 18th- and 19th-century vicar. Anthony Trollope 's Chronicles of Barsetshire are peopled with churchmen of varying situations, from wealthy to impoverished; the income differences prompted

495-401: Is not by virtue of a delegation but is established by law. Vicars general , episcopal vicars, and judicial vicars exercise vicarious ordinary power; they each exercise a portion of the power of the diocesan bishop ( judicial for the judicial vicar, executive for the others) by virtue of their office and not by virtue of a mandate. A vicar forane , also known as an archpriest or dean, is

528-507: Is not yet ready to be a full diocese – he stands as the local representative of the Pope, in the Pope's role as bishop of all unorganized territories. A vicar capitular , who exercises authority in the place of the diocesan chapter, is a temporary ordinary of a diocese during a sede vacante period. Vicars exercise authority as the agents of the bishop of the diocese. Most vicars, however, have ordinary power , which means that their agency

561-608: The Turin based Italian Alpine Club was established. From 1881 he served as a priest successively in three parishes in the Dauphiné region, across the mountains in France . However, church-state relations were moving up the political agenda in France, and in 1884 the government required the church to repatriate all foreign priests. Gorret was returned to the Val d'Aosta, appointed to

594-561: The archdeacons and archpriests , and also the rural priest , the curate who had the cure or care of all the souls outside the episcopal cities. The position of the Roman Catholic vicar as it evolved is sketched in the Catholic Encyclopedia (1908). Vicars have various titles based on what role they are performing. An apostolic vicar is a bishop or priest who heads a missionary particular Church that

627-594: The "Abbé Gorret" ), but he has also attracted other soubriquets such as "the Mountain bear" ( "l'ours de la montagne" ), "the Hermit of Saint-Jacques" ( "l'ermite de Saint-Jacques" ) and more simply "the Great Gorret" ( "Le Grand Gorret" ). Vicar#Roman Catholic A vicar ( / ˈ v ɪ k ər / ; Latin : vicarius ) is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for

660-771: The 18th century. In the summer months Courmayeur is a popular destination for hikers. The nearby village of La Palud is the base station of the Skyway Monte Bianco , the cable car to the Pointe Helbronner . This links to the Vallée Blanche Aerial Tramway going to the Aiguille du Midi , which connects to the Téléphérique de l'Aiguille du Midi , the cable car from Chamonix . Notre Dame de Guérison sanctuary stands at

693-664: The United States. Within religious communities, the vicar is the secondary superior of the group, subject only to the Superior General , whether of an individual community or monastery, or of a wider jurisdiction, called, e.g., a Vicar Provincial. In these organizations, the office is filled by any member of the community, whether clergy or lay. In the Russian Orthodox Church and some other non-Hellenic Eastern Orthodox churches that historically follow Russian tradition, vicar ( Russian : vikariy / викарий)

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726-462: The bishop of Vyazma , the vicar of the Diocese of Smolensk", Vyasma being a smaller town inside the territory of the Diocese of Smolensk. Normally, only large dioceses have vicar bishops, sometimes more than one. Usually, Russian Orthodox vicar bishops have no independent jurisdiction (even in their titular towns) and are subordinate to their diocesan bishops; though some of them de facto may have jurisdiction over some territories, especially when there

759-465: The entire church. However, some diocesan canons do define "vicar" as the priest in charge of a mission; and "curate" is often used for assistants, being entirely analogous to the English situation. A vicarage, or vicarage house, is a residence provided by the church for the priest. They were usually located near the church and were sometimes quite elaborate and other times inadequate. Dating from medieval times, they were often rebuilt and modernized. In

792-494: The etymology of tithe suggests, of ten percent) levied on the personal as well as agricultural output of the parish. Roughly speaking, the distinction was that a rector directly received both the greater and lesser tithes of his parish while a vicar received only the lesser tithes (the greater tithes going to the lay holder, or impropriator , of the living); a perpetual curate with a small cure and often aged or infirm received neither greater nor lesser tithes, and received only

825-550: The foot of Mont Chétif. Am%C3%A9 Gorret Amé Gorret (1836-1907), known in his native Aosta Valley as the "Abbé Gorret" ( "Father Gorret" ), was a priest and Alpinist (mountaineer) . He was a member of the group which in 1865 undertook the second successful ascent of the Matterhorn , which was the first such ascent from the Italian side. Throughout his life he enjoyed a reputation for being unconventional, and

858-452: The formalities characteristic of political life at the time. Father Gorret found himself transferred frequently from one parish to another: in 1864 he was moved to Saint-Pierre , and a year later he was moved again, to Cogne . On 17 July 1865, with Jean-Antoine Carrel , Jean-Baptiste Bich and Jean-Augustin Meynet, Gorret undertook the second successful ascent of the Matterhorn . This

891-472: The fourth year (this is often referred to as "a vicarage", a homonym of the residence of the Vicar). Typically at the end of the year of vicarage, the candidate returns to seminary and completes a final year of studies. After being issued a call or assignment, the candidate is ordained as a pastor in the ministry of Word and Sacrament. The role of a vicar in the Lutheran tradition is most comparable to that of

924-399: The living of Saint-Jacques-des-Allemands where he remained, living in relative poverty, for 21 years. In 1902 his vision began to fail, for which he underwent an operation the next year. He relocated again, back to Saint-Pierre , in 1905. His health became increasingly precarious and he died at Saint-Pierre on 4 November 1907. Amé Gorret is most frequently known as "Father Gorret" (

957-452: The local priest, and subsequently with the vicar , who suggested he went study at the main seminary in Aosta , where he was ordained on 25 May 1861. He moved in August 1861 to Champorcher , his first parish. It was at this time that he met Victor Emmanuel the new king of a new country . The two quickly formed a friendship based on a shared love of the mountains and a shared suspicion of

990-808: The second half of the 20th century, most large vicarages were replaced with more modern and simpler houses. In the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod , the Lutheran Church–Canada , and the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod , a vicar is a candidate for ordained pastoral ministry, serving in a vicariate or internship, usually in the third year of seminary training, though it can be delayed to

1023-507: The title Vicar of the Apostolic See . A vicar can be the priest of a " chapel of ease ", a building within the parish which is not the parish church. Non-resident canons led also to the institution of vicars choral , each canon having his own vicar, who sat in his stall in his absence (see Cathedral ). In Opus Dei , a regional vicar is a priest designated to fulfil responsibilities for an entire country or region, such as France or

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1056-621: Was the first such ascent from the Italian side, and was achieved just three days after another expedition, headed up by Edward Whymper , completed the first recorded ascent of the mountain , by way of the Hörnli ridge on its eastern side. Following the Carrel group's successful ascent it was Gorret who created a wider awareness of the exploit by submitting a report to the local newspaper, the Feuille d’Aoste . After this he became better known both as

1089-584: Was therefore frequently assigned to remote mountain parishes. Amé Gorret was born on 25 October 1836 at Valtournenche in the Aosta Valley which at that time was in the Kingdom of Sardinia . Amé was the son of Jean-Antoine Gorret, a mountain guide , and of Marie-Véronique Carrel. He attended school in his home village, and it was also in Valtournenche that he studied for the priesthood with

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