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143-558: The distinctive point, covered by a grove of eucalyptus trees, can be seen from airplanes approaching San Francisco International Airport and is a good location for aircraft spotting and birdwatching . The site has been used for the large Pacific City amusement park in the early 1920s, as the basic training facility for the Pacific branch of the United States Merchant Marine service during World War II, and as

286-554: A leaf base where the two sides of the leaf blade are of unequal length and do not meet the petiole at the same place. E. obliqua was published in 1788–89, which coincided with the European colonisation of Australia. Between then and the turn of the 19th century, several more species of Eucalyptus were named and published. Most of these were by the English botanist James Edward Smith and most were, as might be expected, trees of

429-538: A San Francisco real estate dealer who pitched the idea to the Three Cities Chamber of Commerce (3CCC). The Pacific City Corporation (PCC), which developed the site, was led by a three-member board of directors composed of A.H. Dougall, Jr.; Arnold C. Lackenbach; and David J. Stollery. Stollery was serving as the secretary for PCC's largest creditor, the William H. Howard Estate Company. PCC was supported by

572-412: A better chance of recovery from damage sustained to its leaves in an event such as a fire. Different commonly recognised types of bark include: Nearly all Eucalyptus are evergreen , but some tropical species lose their leaves at the end of the dry season. As in other members of the myrtle family, Eucalyptus leaves are covered with oil glands. The copious oils produced are an important feature of

715-693: A certain level, the land and buildings would revert to the county. However, Elon Hildreth, who became the new president of San Mateo Junior College in 1952, loved the site and lobbied to have Coyote Point established as the College's permanent site; Hildreth moved into the Commandant's House, which was renamed the President's House, and had served as the residence for the commanding officer of the Maritime Academy. After Hildreth resigned in 1956, he

858-527: A day early on April 25, 1866, gathered together at Friendship Cemetery to decorate the graves of the Confederate soldiers. They also felt moved to honor the Union soldiers buried there, and to note the grief of their families, by decorating their graves as well. The story of their gesture of humanity and reconciliation is held by some writers as the inspiration of the original Memorial Day. According to

1001-658: A division of the Department of Veterans Affairs , and scholars attribute the beginning of a Memorial Day practice in the South to a group of women of Columbus, Georgia . The women were the Ladies Memorial Association of Columbus. They were represented by Mary Ann Williams (Mrs. Charles J. Williams) who as association secretary wrote an open letter to the press on March 11, 1866 asking for assistance in establishing an annual holiday to decorate

1144-399: A dramatic increase in the abundance of Eucalyptus pollen are associated with increased charcoal levels. Though this occurs at different rates throughout Australia, it is compelling evidence for a relationship between the artificial increase of fire frequency with the arrival of Aboriginals and increased prevalence of this exceptionally fire-tolerant genus. Several eucalypt species are among

1287-655: A fifteen-minute stop at Burlingame to visit. Passengers from Japan Air Lines Flight 2 were ferried to the Yacht Club after the DC-8 made a unscheduled landing in the water nearby. CuriOdyssey , formerly the Coyote Point Museum for Environmental Education is a hands-on science museum and native animal zoo located in the park at 1651 Coyote Point Drive in San Mateo, California , United States . The museum

1430-547: A fishing village near Coyote Point to harvest bay shrimp for San Francisco restaurants in the 1860s. By 1868, the pier at Coyote Point was operating for freight and lumber loading; it also served as a receiving point for sand that would be used in the construction of Crystal Springs Dam from 1888 to 1890. Under the Howard family, the marsh between the island and the mainland (now the Poplar Creek Golf Course)

1573-484: A footnote to a story about her brother, Mrs. Sophie (Keller) Hall described how she and Emma Hunter decorated the grave of Emma's father, Reuben Hunter, and then the graves of all soldiers in the cemetery. The original story did not account for Reuben Hunter's death occurring two months later on September 19, 1864. It also did not mention Mrs. Elizabeth Myers as one of the original participants. A bronze statue of all three women gazing upon Reuben Hunter's grave now stands near

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1716-486: A grass fire is insufficient to ignite the scattered trees. In contrast, a Eucalyptus forest tends to promote fire because of the volatile and highly combustible oils produced by the leaves, as well as the production of large amounts of litter high in phenolics, preventing its breakdown by fungi and thus accumulating as large amounts of dry, combustible fuel. Consequently, dense eucalypt plantings may be subject to catastrophic firestorms. In fact, almost thirty years before

1859-401: A key role in using Memorial Day rituals to preserve Confederate culture. Various dates ranging from April 25 to mid-June were adopted in different Southern states. Across the South, associations were founded, many by women, to establish and care for permanent cemeteries for the Confederate dead, organize commemorative ceremonies, and sponsor appropriate monuments as a permanent way of remembering

2002-642: A natural insecticide , or an ability to be used to drain swamps and thereby reduce the risk of malaria . Eucalyptus oil finds many uses like in fuels, fragrances, insect repellence and antimicrobial activity. Eucalyptus trees show allelopathic effects; they release compounds which inhibit other plant species from growing nearby. Outside their natural ranges, eucalypts are both lauded for their beneficial economic impact on poor populations and criticised for being "water-guzzling" aliens , leading to controversy over their total impact. Decoration Day Memorial Day (originally known as Decoration Day )

2145-610: A new Merchant Marine Memorial was installed at an overlook facing north from the Knoll; it was extensively restored and re-dedicated on December 2, 2011. Improvements included new stone walls, new plaques, a replacement eagle statue, and the addition of a section of chain and anchor, donated from a Victory ship of the Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet . Coyote Point is divided into three sub-areas: The park contains many trails for walking and bicycling, and includes sections of

2288-582: A new beach. During the eastern promenade work, the remnants of 35 wooden piers that once supported the Pacific City Boardwalk were removed, as they posed a tripping hazard to beachgoers. In 1936, the Howard Company proposed to sell the 65 acres (26 ha) to the cities of San Mateo, Burlingame, and Hillsborough for US$ 65,000 (equivalent to $ 1,430,000 in 2023); although the proposal was rebuffed, it led to negotiations to acquire

2431-549: A parade of 10,000 people to honor 257 dead Union soldiers. The soldiers had been buried in a mass grave at the Washington Race Course, having died at the Confederate prison camp located there. After the city fell, the freed Black population unearthed and properly buried the soldiers, placing flowers at their graves. The event was reported contemporaneously in the Charleston Daily Courier and

2574-456: A permanent clubhouse was built on jetty in the new basin and completed in the mid-1940s. Work on the new CPYC building was started on September 23, 1967, and completed by March 2, 1968. The current building includes a dining room with a seated capacity of 300. CPYC sponsored its first Shark Derby, a shark-fishing competition, in 1947; the Derby gained fame in 1948 when President Harry S Truman made

2717-468: A range of climates but are usually damaged by anything beyond a light frost of −5 °C (23 °F); the hardiest are the snow gums, such as Eucalyptus pauciflora , which is capable of withstanding cold and frost down to about −20 °C (−4 °F). Two subspecies, E. pauciflora subsp. niphophila and E. pauciflora subsp. debeuzevillei in particular are even hardier and can tolerate even quite severe winters. Several other species, especially from

2860-619: A sacred charge upon a Nation's gratitude—the soldiers' and sailors' widow and orphan. — John A. Logan , May 5, 1868 On May 5, 1868, General John A. Logan issued a proclamation calling for "Decoration Day" to be observed annually and nationwide; he was commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), an organization of and for Union Civil War veterans founded in Decatur, Illinois . With his proclamation, Logan adopted

3003-460: A sacred event. With the Civil War, a new theme of death, sacrifice, and rebirth enters the civil religion. Memorial Day gave ritual expression to these themes, integrating the local community into a sense of nationalism. The American civil religion, in contrast to that of France, was never anticlerical or militantly secular; in contrast to Britain, it was not tied to a specific denomination, such as

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3146-640: A shrub or small tree with a single, short trunk, that lacks a lignotuber and has spreading, densely leafy branches that often reach almost to the ground. Eucalyptus platypus is an example of a marlock. Eucalyptus trees, including mallets and marlocks, are single-stemmed and include Eucalyptus regnans , the tallest known flowering plant on Earth. The tallest reliably measured tree in Europe, Karri Knight , can be found in Coimbra , Portugal in Vale de Canas. It

3289-464: A single main stem or trunk but many eucalypts are mallees that are multistemmed from ground level and rarely taller than 10 metres (33 feet). There is no clear distinction between a mallee and a shrub but in eucalypts, a shrub is a mature plant less than 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall and growing in an extreme environment. Eucalyptus vernicosa in the Tasmanian highlands, E. yalatensis on

3432-566: A small amount of ash survived and put out new ash trees as well. Eucalyptus oil is highly flammable and at high enough temperatures the oil expands quickening the spread of wildfires. Bushfires can travel easily through the oil-rich air of the tree crowns. Eucalypts obtain long-term fire survivability from their ability to regenerate from epicormic buds situated deep within their thick bark, or from lignotubers , or by producing serotinous fruits. In seasonally dry climates oaks are often fire-resistant, particularly in open grasslands, as

3575-450: A smaller number are only found outside the continent. Eucalypts have been grown in plantations in many other countries because they are fast-growing, have valuable timber, or can be used for pulpwood , honey production, or essential oils . In some countries, however, they have been removed because of the danger of forest fires due to their high flammability. Eucalypts vary in size and habit from shrubs to tall trees. Trees usually have

3718-576: A three-member committee was appointed to investigate and report on the financial status of PCC in February 1923; 3CCC President John J. McGrath, who was one of the appointees, warned "that we will not stand for one local creditor or stockholder in Pacific City to lose a penny ... if they jockey and humbug, we are in position to make their investment worth about ten cents [on the dollar]." Lackenbach fired back days later: "... you have unwittingly placed

3861-533: Is a Eucalyptus diversicolor of 72.9 meters height and of 5.71 meters girth. Tree sizes follow the convention of: All eucalypts add a layer of bark every year and the outermost layer dies. In about half of the species, the dead bark is shed exposing a new layer of fresh, living bark. The dead bark may be shed in large slabs, in ribbons or in small flakes. These species are known as "smooth barks" and include E. sheathiana , E. diversicolor , E. cosmophylla and E. cladocalyx . The remaining species retain

4004-720: Is almost three times as great as native oak woodland. During World War II , one California town cut down their Eucalyptus trees to "about a third of their height in the vicinity of anti-aircraft guns " because of the known fire-fueling qualities of the trees, with the mayor telling a newspaper reporter, "If a shell so much as hits a leaf, it's supposed to explode." Some species of Eucalyptus drop branches unexpectedly. In Australia, Parks Victoria warns campers not to camp under river red gums . Some councils in Australia such as Gosnells, Western Australia , have removed eucalypts after reports of damage from dropped branches, even in

4147-513: Is also used in a number of industries, from fence posts (where the oil-rich wood's high resistance to decay is valued) and charcoal to cellulose extraction for biofuels . Fast growth also makes eucalypts suitable as windbreaks and to reduce erosion . Some Eucalyptus species have attracted attention from horticulturists, global development researchers, and environmentalists because of desirable traits such as being fast-growing sources of wood, producing oil that can be used for cleaning and as

4290-691: Is constrained by their limited cold tolerance. Australia is covered by 92,000,000 hectares (230,000,000 acres) of eucalypt forest, comprising three quarters of the area covered by native forest. The Blue Mountains of southeastern Australia have been a centre of eucalypt diversification; their name is in reference to the blue haze prevalent in the area, believed derived from the volatile terpenoids emitted by these trees. The oldest definitive Eucalyptus fossils are from Patagonia in South America , where eucalypts are no longer native, though they have been introduced from Australia. The fossils are from

4433-698: Is high due to its high resin content, increasing the hazard. Eucalypts were introduced from Australia to the rest of the world following the Cook expedition in 1770. Collected by Sir Joseph Banks , botanist on the expedition, they were subsequently introduced to many parts of the world, notably California , southern Europe, Africa, the Middle East , South Asia and South America. About 250 species are under cultivation in California. In Portugal and also Spain , eucalypts have been grown in plantations for

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4576-543: Is one of the federal holidays in the United States for honoring and mourning the U.S. military personnel who died while serving in the United States Armed Forces . It is observed on the last Monday of May. Memorial Day is also considered the unofficial beginning of summer in the United States. It is a day for visiting cemeteries and memorials to mourn the military personnel who died in

4719-508: Is useful to consider where Eucalyptus fossils have not been found. Extensive research has gone into the fossil floras of the Paleocene to Oligocene of South-Eastern Australia, and has failed to uncover a single Eucalyptus specimen. Although the evidence is sparse, the best hypothesis is that in the mid-Tertiary, the continental margins of Australia only supported more mesic noneucalypt vegetation, and that eucalypts probably contributed to

4862-476: The New-York Tribune . Historian David Blight has called this commemoration the first Memorial Day. However, no direct link has been established between this event and General John Logan 's 1868 proclamation for a national holiday. . . . [W]e can keep alive the memory of debt we owe them by dedicating at least one day in the year, by embellishing their humble graves with flowers, therefore we beg

5005-496: The Church of England . The Americans borrowed from different religious traditions so that the average American saw no conflict between the two, and deep levels of personal motivation were aligned with attaining national goals. Since 1867, Brooklyn, New York, has held an annual Memorial Day parade which it claims to be the nation's oldest. Grafton, West Virginia , and Ironton, Ohio have also had an ongoing parade since 1868. However,

5148-684: The Endeavour River in northern Queensland , E. platyphylla ; neither of these species was named as such at the time. In 1777, on Cook's third expedition, David Nelson collected a eucalypt on Bruny Island in southern Tasmania . This specimen was taken to the British Museum in London , and was named Eucalyptus obliqua by the French botanist L'Héritier , who was working in London at

5291-662: The Grand Army of the Republic to honor the Union soldiers who had died in the American Civil War . This national observance followed many local observances which were inaugurated between the end of the Civil War and Logan's declaration. Many cities and people have claimed to be the first to observe it. However, the National Cemetery Administration , a division of the Department of Veterans Affairs , credits Mary Ann Williams with originating

5434-524: The Nullarbor and E. surgens growing on coastal cliffs in Western Australia are examples of eucalypt shrubs. The terms " mallet " and " marlock " are only applied to Western Australian eucalypts. A mallet is a tree with a single thin trunk with a steeply branching habit but lacks both a lignotuber and epicormic buds . Eucalyptus astringens is an example of a mallet. A marlock is

5577-546: The Oakland firestorm of 1991 , a study of Eucalyptus in the area warned that the litter beneath the trees builds up very rapidly and should be regularly monitored and removed. It has been estimated that 70% of the energy released through the combustion of vegetation in the Oakland fire was due to Eucalyptus . In a National Park Service study, it was found that the fuel load (in tons per acre) of non-native Eucalyptus woods

5720-497: The Peruvian Andes , despite concerns that the trees are invasive in some environments like those of South Africa . Best-known are perhaps the varieties karri and yellow box . Due to their fast growth, the foremost benefit of these trees is their wood. They can be chopped off at the root and grow back again. They provide many desirable characteristics for use as ornament , timber, firewood and pulpwood. Eucalyptus wood

5863-636: The Philippines . Of the 15 species found outside Australia, just nine are exclusively non-Australian. Species of Eucalyptus are cultivated widely in the tropical and temperate world, including the Americas , Europe , Africa , the Mediterranean Basin , the Middle East , China , and the Indian subcontinent . However, the range over which many eucalypts can be planted in the temperate zone

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6006-797: The San Francisco Bay Trail . The Tour de Peninsula bicycle race starts and ends within the park. In addition, there are many small picnic areas throughout the park, eight larger picnic areas available by registration, the Captains House Conference Facility, the Coyote Point Pistol and Rifle Range, CuriOdyssey , the Magic Mountain Playground and the Coyote Point Marina. There is a large parking lot on

6149-656: The Sydney region. These include the economically valuable E. pilularis , E. saligna and E. tereticornis . The first endemic Western Australian Eucalyptus to be collected and subsequently named was the Yate ( E. cornuta ) by the French botanist Jacques Labillardière , who collected in what is now the Esperance area in 1792. Several Australian botanists were active during the 19th century, particularly Ferdinand von Mueller , whose work on eucalypts contributed greatly to

6292-528: The Uniform Monday Holiday Act , which moved four holidays, including Memorial Day, from their traditional dates to a specified Monday in order to create a convenient three-day weekend. The change moved Memorial Day from its traditional May 30 date to the last Monday in May. The law took effect at the federal level in 1971. In 1913, an Indiana veteran complained that younger people born since

6435-535: The United States Library of Congress , "Southern women decorated the graves of soldiers even before the Civil War’s end. Records show that by 1865, Mississippi, Virginia, and South Carolina all had precedents for Memorial Day." The earliest Southern Memorial Day celebrations were simple, somber occasions for veterans and their families to honor the dead and tend to local cemeteries. In following years,

6578-498: The bark (e.g., scribbly gum ). The generic name is derived from the Greek words ευ ( eu ) "well" and καλύπτω ( kalýpto ) "to cover", referring to the operculum on the calyx that initially conceals the flower . There are more than 700 species of Eucalyptus and most are native to Australia; a very small number are found in adjacent areas of New Guinea and Indonesia . One species, Eucalyptus deglupta , ranges as far north as

6721-551: The half-staff position, where it remains only until noon. It is then raised to full-staff for the remainder of the day. The National Memorial Day Concert takes place on the west lawn of the United States Capitol . Scholars, following the lead of sociologist Robert Bellah , often make the argument that the United States has a secular " civil religion "—one with no association with any religious denomination or viewpoint—that has incorporated Memorial Day as

6864-703: The tallest trees in the world. Eucalyptus regnans , the Australian 'mountain ash', is the tallest of all flowering plants ( angiosperms ); today, the tallest measured specimen named Centurion is 100.5 m (330 ft) tall. Coast Douglas-fir is about the same height; only coast redwood is taller, and they are conifers ( gymnosperms ). Six other eucalypt species exceed 80 metres in height: Eucalyptus obliqua , Eucalyptus delegatensis , Eucalyptus diversicolor , Eucalyptus nitens , Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus viminalis . Most eucalypts are not tolerant of severe cold. Eucalypts do well in

7007-508: The "baptism of blood" on the battlefield. In the national capital in 1913 the four-day "Blue-Gray Reunion" featured parades, re-enactments, and speeches from a host of dignitaries, including President Woodrow Wilson , the first Southerner elected to the White House since the War. James Heflin of Alabama gave the main address. Heflin was a noted orator; his choice as Memorial Day speaker

7150-443: The "idea of strewing the graves of Civil War soldiers—Union and Confederate" with flowers. Official recognition as a holiday spread among the states, beginning with New York in 1873. By 1890, every Union state had adopted it. The world wars turned it into a day of remembrance for all members of the U.S. military who fought and died in service. In 1971, Congress standardized the holiday as "Memorial Day" and changed its observance to

7293-558: The 3CCC, led by manager Daniel C. Imboden for the cities of San Mateo, Burlingame, and Hillsborough; 3CCC had been organized in 1921 with one of its stated priorities to be "the development of the San Mateo Beach" and was satisfied "that the building of Pacific City would well repay the membership of the Chamber for the money and time expended." At the time, the planned opening date was May 30, 1922, Decoration Day . The land

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7436-694: The Confederate dead. The most important of these was the United Daughters of the Confederacy , which grew throughout the South. Changes in the ceremony's hymns and speeches reflect an evolution of the ritual into a symbol of cultural renewal and conservatism in the South. By 1913, David Blight argues, the theme of American nationalism shared equal time with the Confederate. By the 20th century, various Union memorial traditions, celebrated on different days, merged, and Memorial Day eventually extended to honor all Americans who fought and died while in

7579-521: The Howard Estate and PCCC, but if the foreclosure suit was successful, it would antagonize many investors, who likely would lose their stakes. The resort opened on May 19, 1923, due in part to the uncertainty about the resort's future. Despite the cold weather, approximately 135,000 visitors had been recorded by June 2. A fire destroyed "The Canyon", a restaurant, and the "Pig-in-the-Blanket" lunch stand on July 28, 1923. The fire, which started in

7722-512: The Howard Estate's foreclosure petition, forcing the site to liquidate its assets. The carousel which operated there, as well as the "little puffer" miniature train ride, can still be enjoyed at the San Francisco Zoo . The Dentzel Carousel Company built the menagerie carousel for Pacific City, and it was moved to what was then Fleishhacker Zoo in 1925; it has since undergone restoration in 1978, 1994, and 2000. Historians have traced

7865-694: The Howard family until it was sold to the county and the federal government in 1942. On July 1, 1922, a group of promoters opened the "Pacific City Amusement Park", which occupied approximately 90 acres (36 ha) along the beach leased from the Howard family. Dubbed the " Coney Island of the West", the park included a beach (with trucked-in sand), boardwalk, children's playground, scenic railway, merry-go-round, Ferris wheel , dancing pavilion, and several food concessions. A crowd estimated at more than 100,000 people visited Pacific City on July 4 of that year, drawing comparisons to Atlantic City . Although it

8008-549: The Howard family, rebuilt and extended for Pacific City. The park was open daily until midnight. Parking for 5,000 automobiles was also provided. Rides at Pacific City included The Whip , Dodg-em cars , a Dentzel menagerie carousel , a 22-inch narrow-gauge railway , a Ferris wheel , a shoot the chutes that ended with a splash in the Bay, and a "scenic railroad" (a wooden roller coaster designed by John A. Miller ) called The Comet, which included an 80 ft (24 m) drop and

8151-629: The Knoll, near the Captain's House and former site of the Castaway restaurant; before it was paved, it served as the football field for the College of San Mateo. Quarrying for the shooting range began in 1961 and it was completed in 1962; the range was initially open to the public and was one of the first safety ranges approved by the National Rifle Association , but it later was limited to law enforcement personnel only. The range

8294-555: The Ladies' Memorial Association and other groups increasingly focused rituals on preserving Confederate culture and the Lost Cause of the Confederacy narrative. The 1863 cemetery dedication at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania , included a ceremony of commemoration at the graves of dead soldiers. Some have therefore claimed that President Abraham Lincoln was the founder of Memorial Day. However, Chicago journalist Lloyd Lewis tried to make

8437-848: The Memorial Day parade in Rochester, Wisconsin , predates both the Doylestown and the Grafton parades by one year (1867). In 1915, following the Second Battle of Ypres , Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae , a physician with the Canadian Expeditionary Force , wrote the poem " In Flanders Fields ". Its opening lines refer to the fields of poppies that grew among the soldiers' graves in Flanders . Inspired by

8580-435: The Memorial Day practice that had begun in the Southern states two years earlier. The northern states quickly adopted the holiday. In 1868, memorial events were held in 183 cemeteries in 27 states, and 336 in 1869. One author claims that the date was chosen because it was not the anniversary of any particular battle. Logan's wife noted that the date was chosen because it was the optimal date for flowers to be in bloom in

8723-487: The North. In 1873, New York made Decoration Day an official state holiday and by 1890, every northern state had followed suit. There was no standard program for the ceremonies, but they were typically sponsored by the Women's Relief Corps , the women's auxiliary of the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) , which had 100,000 members. By 1870, the remains of nearly 300,000 Union dead had been reinterred in 73 national cemeteries, located near major battlefields and thus mainly in

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8866-422: The Pacific Coast Cadet Corps (the other two were for the Atlantic Coast Cadet Corps at Kings Point, New York and the Gulf Coast Cadet Corps at Pass Christian, Mississippi ). The merchant marine training program had been shortened from 48 to 18 months, in three stages: The Pacific Coast Merchant Marine Cadet Basic School had started aboard the ex-riverboat Delta Queen on 1 July 1941; enrollment quickly outgrew

9009-484: The South. In some cities, mostly in Virginia, other dates in May and June were observed. General John Logan commented on the observances in a speech to veterans on July 4, 1866, in Salem, Illinois . After General Logan's General Order No. 11 to the Grand Army of the Republic to observe May 30, 1868, the earlier version of the holiday began to be referred to as Confederate Memorial Day . Following Mary William's call for assistance, four women of Columbus, Mississippi

9152-445: The South. The most famous are Gettysburg National Cemetery in Pennsylvania and Arlington National Cemetery , near Washington, D.C. On May 26, 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson designated an "official" birthplace of the holiday by signing the presidential proclamation naming Waterloo, New York , as the holder of the title. This action followed House Concurrent Resolution 587, in which the 89th Congress had officially recognized that

9295-409: The U.S. military service. Indiana from the 1860s to the 1920s saw numerous debates on how to expand the celebration. It was a favorite lobbying activity of the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR). An 1884 GAR handbook explained that Memorial Day was "the day of all days in the G.A.R. Calendar" in terms of mobilizing public support for pensions. It advised family members to "exercise great care" in keeping

9438-401: The Upland South argues for the age of the tradition, which was carried westward (and eastward to Africa) by nineteenth-century migration and has survived in essentially the same form till the present." While these customs may have inspired in part rituals to honor military dead like Memorial Day, numerous differences exist between Decoration Day customs and Memorial Day, including that the date

9581-405: The arrangement reverts to decussate by the absorption of some of the leaf-bearing faces of the stem. In those species with opposite adult foliage the leaf pairs, which have been formed opposite at the stem apex, become separated at their bases by unequal elongation of the stem to produce the apparently alternate adult leaves. The most readily recognisable characteristics of Eucalyptus species are

9724-584: The assistance of the press and the ladies throughout the South to help us in the effort to set apart a certain day to be observed, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande and be handed down through time as a religious custom of the country, to wreathe the graves of our martyred dead with flowers. . . Let the soldiers’ graves, for that day at least, be the Southern Mecca , to whose shrine her sorrowing women, like pilgrims, may annually bring their grateful hearts and floral offerings. . . — Mary Ann Williams , March 11, 1866 The National Cemetery Administration ,

9867-411: The beach is being performed in two phases; the first phase, covering the western half, was completed in 2014 and rebuilt the portion of the San Francisco Bay Trail that ran along the shoreline, along with placing rock revetment to protect the trail and rebuilding the public access ramps to the Bay. The second phase is scheduled to be completed in spring 2022, and will include parking reconfiguration and

10010-428: The big race to continue, so Governor Warren McCray vetoed the bill and the race went on. Memorial Day endures as a holiday which most businesses observe because it marks the unofficial beginning of summer. ( Labor Day is the unofficial end of summer.) The Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) and Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (SUVCW) advocated returning to the original date. The VFW stated in 2002: Changing

10153-413: The campus for College of San Mateo during the decade that followed the war. The county completed its acquisition of the park lands in 1962. Coyote Point was originally an island in San Francisco Bay rising to a height of 80 ft (24 m) above mean sea level with a marsh connecting it to the mainland. Because it has no fresh water, it is doubtful that Native Americans lived here, but shell mounds on

10296-537: The case that it was Lincoln's funeral that spurred the soldiers' grave decorating that followed. On July 4, 1864, ladies decorated soldiers' graves according to local historians in Boalsburg, Pennsylvania . Boalsburg promotes itself as the birthplace of Memorial Day. However, no published reference to this event has been found earlier than the printing of the History of the 148th Pennsylvania Volunteers in 1904. In

10439-1052: The characteristics of buds, fruits, leaves and bark. Over 700 species of Eucalyptus are known. Some have diverged from the mainstream of the genus to the extent that they are quite isolated genetically and are able to be recognised by only a few relatively invariant characteristics. Most, however, may be regarded as belonging to large or small groups of related species, which are often in geographical contact with each other and between which gene exchange still occurs. In these situations, many species appear to grade into one another, and intermediate forms are common. In other words, some species are relatively fixed genetically, as expressed in their morphology , while others have not diverged completely from their nearest relatives. Hybrid individuals have not always been recognised as such on first collection and some have been named as new species, such as E. chrysantha ( E. preissiana × E. sepulcralis ) and E. "rivalis" ( E. marginata × E. megacarpa ). Hybrid combinations are not particularly common in

10582-520: The claims relate to documented events, occurring before or after the Civil War. Others may stem from general traditions of decorating soldiers' graves with flowers, rather than specific events leading to the national proclamation. Soldiers' graves were decorated in the U.S. before and during the American Civil War . Other claims may be less respectable, appearing to some researchers as taking credit without evidence, while erasing better-evidenced events or connections. On June 3, 1861, Warrenton, Virginia

10725-426: The cup-like base of the flower; this is one of the features that unites the genus. The woody fruits or capsules are roughly cone-shaped and have valves at the end which open to release the seeds, which are waxy, rod-shaped, about 1 mm in length, and yellow-brown in colour. Most species do not flower until adult foliage starts to appear; E. cinerea and E. perriniana are notable exceptions. The genus Eucalyptus

10868-488: The date merely to create three-day weekends has undermined the very meaning of the day. No doubt, this has contributed a lot to the general public's nonchalant observance of Memorial Day. In 2000, Congress passed the National Moment of Remembrance Act, asking people to stop and remember at 3:00 pm. On Memorial Day, the flag of the United States is raised briskly to the top of the staff and then solemnly lowered to

11011-424: The dead bark is retained in the lower half of the trunks or stems—for example, E. brachycalyx , E. ochrophloia , and E. occidentalis —or only in a thick, black accumulation at the base, as in E. clelandii . In some species in this category, for example E. youngiana and E. viminalis , the rough basal bark is very ribbony at the top, where it gives way to the smooth upper stems. The smooth upper bark of

11154-452: The dead bark which dries out and accumulates. In some of these species, the fibres in the bark are loosely intertwined (in stringybarks such as E. macrorhyncha or peppermints such as E. radiata ) or more tightly adherent (as in the "boxes" such as E. leptophleba ). In some species (the "ironbarks" such as E. crebra and E. jensenii ) the rough bark is infused with gum resin. Many species are 'half-barks' or 'blackbutts' in which

11297-433: The distinctive flowers and fruit (capsules or "gumnuts"). Flowers have numerous fluffy stamens which may be white, cream, yellow, pink, or red; in bud, the stamens are enclosed in a cap known as an operculum which is composed of the fused sepals or petals, or both. Thus, flowers have no petals, but instead decorate themselves with the many showy stamens. As the stamens expand, the operculum is forced off, splitting away from

11440-475: The drier vegetation of the arid continental interior. With the progressive drying out of the continent since the Miocene , eucalypts were displaced to the continental margins, and much of the mesic and rainforest vegetation that was once there was eliminated. The current superdominance of Eucalyptus in Australia may be an artefact of human influence on its ecology. In more recent sediments, numerous findings of

11583-643: The early Eocene (51.9 Mya), and were found in the Laguna del Hunco Formation in Chubut Province in Argentina . This shows that the genus had a Gondwanan distribution. Fossil leaves also occur in the Miocene of New Zealand, where the genus is not native today, but again have been introduced from Australia. Despite the prominence of Eucalyptus in modern Australia, estimated to contribute some 75% of

11726-663: The entrance to the Boalsburg Cemetery. Although July 4, 1864, was a Monday, the town now claims that the original decoration was on one of the Sundays in October 1864. ... Let us then gather around their sacred remains and garland the passionless mounds above them with the choicest flowers of Springtime; let us raise above them the dear old flag they saved from dishonor; let us in this solemn presence renew our pledges to aid and assist those whom they have left among us as

11869-500: The face of lengthy, well publicised protests to protect particular trees. A former Australian National Botanic Gardens director and consulting arborist, Robert Boden, has been quoted referring to "summer branch drop". Dropping of branches is recognised in Australia literature through the fictional death of Judy in Seven Little Australians . Although all large trees can drop branches, the density of Eucalyptus wood

12012-426: The failure to pay back a small promisorry note. In December 1922, the Howard Estate filed suit to foreclose on the property over non-payment of a US$ 90,000 promissory note that had been signed by Dougall and Lackenbach; the first payment of $ 5,000, due the previous March 22, had not been made as scheduled and the only payment that had been received was $ 1,000 the preceding October. 3CCC brokered an agreement in which

12155-406: The field, but some other published species frequently seen in Australia have been suggested to be hybrid combinations. For example, Eucalyptus × erythrandra is believed to be E. angulosa × E. teraptera and due to its wide distribution is often referred to in texts. Renantherin , a phenolic compound present in the leaves of some Eucalyptus species, allows chemotaxonomic discrimination in

12298-589: The first comprehensive account of the genus in George Bentham 's Flora Australiensis in 1867. The account is the most important early systematic treatment of the genus. Bentham divided it into five series whose distinctions were based on characteristics of the stamens, particularly the anthers (Mueller, 1879–84), work elaborated by Joseph Henry Maiden (1903–33) and still further by William Faris Blakely (1934). The anther system became too complex to be workable and more recent systematic work has concentrated on

12441-507: The first season with masterful escapes. The opening weekend, which stretched through Independence Day, was a smashing success. More than 51,000 attended on Sunday, July 2 (estimates put the crowd at 60 to 75,000), and more than 100,000 attended on July 4. Daily attendance continued to exceed 20,000 on the weekends. Prominent citizens of Burlingame, Hillsborough, and San Mateo wrote a series of three newspaper articles, published two weeks later in mid-July, outlining their plans to take advantage of

12584-627: The flower buds. The type specimen was collected in 1777 by David Nelson , the gardener-botanist on Cook's third voyage . He collected the specimen on Bruny Island and sent it to de Brutelle who was working in London at that time. Although eucalypts must have been seen by the very early European explorers and collectors, no botanical collections of them are known to have been made until 1770 when Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander arrived at Botany Bay with Captain James Cook . There they collected specimens of E. gummifera and later, near

12727-698: The genus Eucalyptus have bark that is either smooth, fibrous, hard, or stringy and leaves that have oil glands . The sepals and petals are fused to form a "cap" or operculum over the stamens , hence the name from Greek eû ("well") and kaluptós ("covered"). The fruit is a woody capsule commonly referred to as a "gumnut". Most species of Eucalyptus are native to Australia, and every state and territory has representative species. About three-quarters of Australian forests are eucalypt forests. Many eucalypt species have adapted to wildfire , are able to resprout after fire, or have seeds that survive fire. A few species are native to islands north of Australia, and

12870-489: The genus. Although mature Eucalyptus trees may be towering and fully leafed, their shade is characteristically patchy because the leaves usually hang downwards. The leaves on a mature Eucalyptus plant are commonly lanceolate , petiolate , apparently alternate and waxy or glossy green. In contrast, the leaves of seedlings are often opposite , sessile and glaucous . But many exceptions to this pattern exist. Many species such as E. melanophloia and E. setosa retain

13013-610: The graves of Confederate and Union soldiers according to her account. The first reference to this event however did not appear until many years later. Mention of the observance is inscribed on the southeast panel of the Confederate Monument in Jackson, erected in 1891. Vaughan's account is contradicted by contemporary sources. On May 1, 1865, in Charleston, South Carolina , the recently freed Black population held

13156-699: The graves of soldiers throughout the South. The letter was reprinted in several southern states and the plans were noted in newspapers in the North . The date of April 26 was chosen, which corresponded with the end date of the war with the surrender agreement between Generals Johnston and Sherman in 1865. The holiday was observed in Atlanta, Augusta, Macon, Columbus and elsewhere in Georgia as well as Montgomery, Alabama; Memphis, Tennessee; Louisville, Kentucky; New Orleans, Louisiana; Jackson, Mississippi, and across

13299-408: The half-barks and that of the completely smooth-barked trees and mallees can produce remarkable colour and interest, for example E. deglupta . E. globulus bark cells are able to photosynthesize in the absence of foliage, conferring an "increased capacity to re-fix internal CO 2 following partial defoliation". This allows the tree to grow in less-than-ideal climates, in addition to providing

13442-799: The high plateau and mountains of central Tasmania such as Eucalyptus coccifera , Eucalyptus subcrenulata and Eucalyptus gunnii , have also produced extreme cold-hardy forms and it is seed procured from these genetically hardy strains that are planted for ornament in colder parts of the world. An essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus leaves contains compounds that are powerful natural disinfectants and can be toxic in large quantities. Several marsupial herbivores , notably koalas and some possums , are relatively tolerant of it. The close correlation of these oils with other more potent toxins called formylated phloroglucinol compounds ( euglobals , macrocarpals and sideroxylonals ) allows koalas and other marsupial species to make food choices based on

13585-662: The initial acquisitions, an additional 80 acres (32 ha) have been acquired from the Ideal Cement Company, bringing the present size of the park to 687 acres (278 ha), of which 538 acres (218 ha) are underwater. A large globe and anchor were kept at the Cadet School and remained during its time as the Junior College as a memorial; the anchor was later moved to a spot near the Marina. In 1974,

13728-444: The juvenile and adult phases. In all except a few species, the leaves form in pairs on opposite sides of a square stem, consecutive pairs being at right angles to each other (decussate). In some narrow-leaved species, for example E. oleosa , the seedling leaves after the second leaf pair are often clustered in a detectable spiral arrangement about a five-sided stem. After the spiral phase, which may last from several to many nodes,

13871-471: The juvenile leaf form even when the plant is reproductively mature. Some species, such as E. macrocarpa , E. rhodantha , and E. crucis , are sought-after ornamentals due to this lifelong juvenile leaf form. A few species, such as E. petraea , E. dundasii , and E. lansdowneana , have shiny green leaves throughout their life cycle. Eucalyptus caesia exhibits the opposite pattern of leaf development to most Eucalyptus , with shiny green leaves in

14014-481: The label "Confederate" to their commemorations and claimed that Northerners had appropriated the holiday. The first official celebration of Confederate Memorial Day as a public holiday occurred in 1874, following a proclamation by the Georgia legislature. By 1916, ten states celebrated it, on June 3, the birthday of CSA President Jefferson Davis . Other states chose late April dates, or May 10, commemorating Davis' capture. The Ladies' Memorial Association played

14157-409: The land, then known as Rancho San Mateo , to Cayetano Arenas, from whom the name can probably be traced. The Arenas family sold it to the firm of Mellus and Howard, and William Davis Merry Howard purchased it from the firm in 1850. After his death in 1856, the land passed to his brother George, who ordered a road and pier built on the land. At approximately the same time, Chinese immigrants established

14300-528: The last Monday in May. Two other days celebrate those who have served or are serving in the U.S. military: Armed Forces Day , which is earlier in May, an unofficial U.S. holiday for honoring those currently serving in the armed forces, and Veterans Day on November 11, which honors all those who have served in the United States Armed Forces. A variety of cities and people have claimed origination of Memorial Day. In some such cases,

14443-588: The leadership of women during the war, an increasingly formal practice of decorating graves had taken shape. In 1865, the federal government also began creating the United States National Cemetery System for the Union war dead. By the 1880s, ceremonies were becoming more consistent across geography as the GAR provided handbooks that presented specific procedures, poems, and Bible verses for local post commanders to utilize in planning

14586-557: The line of duty. Volunteers will place American flags on the graves of those military personnel in national cemeteries . Others such as family and friends will also come to lay flowers and grieve on the graves of those who died in the US military. The first national observance of Memorial Day occurred on May 30, 1868. Then known as Decoration Day and observed on May 30, the holiday was proclaimed by Commander in Chief John A. Logan of

14729-455: The local event. Historian Stuart McConnell reports: on the day itself, the post assembled and marched to the local cemetery to decorate the graves of the fallen, an enterprise meticulously organized months in advance to assure that none were missed. Finally came a simple and subdued graveyard service involving prayers, short patriotic speeches, and music ... and at the end perhaps a rifle salute. In 1868, some Southern public figures began adding

14872-479: The lunch stand, blazed out of control as low water pressure on-site and disconnected telephone lines hampered the initial response. Significant confusion regarding the proper jurisdiction also delayed the arrival of firefighters: a messenger was sent to the Burlingame fire department, which informed the messenger that Hillsborough might be responsible; Hillsborough in turn directed the messenger to San Mateo, and by

15015-425: The management of Pacific City in a very unfavorable light by reason of this article. It is not only unjust, but has absolutely no foundation. The management of Pacific City has at all times strenuously held that any reorganization or refinancing of Pacific City must first contemplate the payment of creditors in full with interest from the maturity of their claims." To calm the situation, 3CCC stated they supported both

15158-545: The military dead. Appalachian and Liberian cemetery decoration traditions pre-date the United States Memorial Day holiday. According to scholars Alan and Karen Jabbour, "the geographic spread ... from the Smokies to northeastern Texas and Liberia, offer strong evidence that the southern Decoration Day originated well back in the nineteenth century. The presence of the same cultural tradition throughout

15301-555: The modern vegetation, the fossil record is very scarce throughout much of the Cenozoic , and suggests that this rise to dominance is a geologically more recent phenomenon. The oldest reliably dated macrofossil of Eucalyptus is a 21-million-year-old tree-stump encased in basalt in the upper Lachlan Valley in New South Wales . Other fossils have been found, but many are either unreliably dated or else unreliably identified. It

15444-493: The park's trail system was laid out. Dean recounted: "After a while, Coyote Point was my favorite park. When I came to the county, the Point was just a small beach and a few picnic areas ... the park had to be designed around the already existent rifle range, the museum and the marina." By the time Dean retired in 1991, Coyote Point was the most-visited park in the county park system, welcoming more than 500,000 visitors per year. Since

15587-400: The park; by the 1970s, The Castaway was advertising its tiki theme . The restaurant shut down in 1997 for a planned renovation to add a second story; however, the building subsequently was vandalized and burned and torn down in February 2008. The harbor on the east side of Coyote Point was dredged in the 1930s; the spoils were placed in the middle of the new harbor, forming the divider between

15730-490: The patriotic tradition of observing Memorial Day had begun one hundred years prior in Waterloo, New York. The legitimacy of this claim has been called into question by several scholars. In April 1865, following Lincoln's assassination , commemorations were extensive. The more than 600,000 soldiers of both sides who fought and died in the Civil War meant that burial and memorialization took on new cultural significance. Under

15873-609: The poem, YWCA worker Moina Michael attended a YWCA Overseas War Secretaries' conference three years later wearing a silk poppy pinned to her coat and distributed over two dozen more to others present. The National American Legion adopted in 1920 the poppy as its official symbol of remembrance. Decoration Days in Southern Appalachia and Liberia are a tradition which arose by the 19th century. Decoration practices are localized and unique to individual families, cemeteries, and communities, but common elements that unify

16016-536: The point indicate that it was at least occasionally used, possibly for special ceremonies or feasts; skeletal human remains were discovered in 1987 during routine dredging of the marina and dated to be approximately 4,000 years old, indicating a long presence of humans at the Point. Coyote Point, is mentioned on maps before 1895 as San Mateo Point or San Matheo Point, was part of the Presidio and Mission lands until it passed to Mexico. The Governor of Mexico then granted

16159-456: The production of pulpwood . Eucalyptus are the basis for several industries, such as sawmilling, pulp, charcoal and others. Several species have become invasive and are causing major problems for local ecosystems, mainly due to the absence of wildlife corridors and rotations management. Eucalypts have many uses which have made them economically important trees, and they have become a cash crop in poor areas such as Timbuktu , Mali and

16302-509: The publicity from Pacific City. 3CCC manager Imboden described plans to build temporary housing nearby. San Mateo mayor Thomas J. Brady wrote of that city's plans to acquire the Kohl estate, which would later become Central Park . By the time the season closed, more than one million had visited Pacific City. The first signs of financial ill-health began in September 1922, when PCC was sued over

16445-508: The same donors. Since then, it has been reopened to the public, operating three nights per week. All brass and lead are trapped and contained on-site and recycled to prevent contamination of the park. Public shooting is operated by the Coyote Point Rifle & Pistol Club. The Castaway Restaurant was in the northwest section of the Knoll. It opened in 1964 with nautical theming and featured valet parking due to its location within

16588-550: The school's closure by January 1947. In 1946, the Cadet School buildings were purchased by San Mateo Junior College to serve as the main college campus, accommodating the expected influx of students taking advantage of the GI Bill after the war. The entrance to the Coyote Point campus featured two pillars topped with eagles, leftover from the Cadet School. Under an agreement with the county, when enrollments had decreased to

16731-399: The sections renantheroideae and renantherae and the ratio of the amount of leucoanthocyanins varies considerably in certain species. Eucalyptus is one of three similar genera that are commonly referred to as " eucalypts ", the others being Corymbia and Angophora . Many species, though by no means all, are known as gum trees because they exude copious kino from any break in

16874-433: The seedling stage and dull, glaucous leaves in mature crowns. The contrast between juvenile and adult leaf phases is valuable in field identification. Four leaf phases are recognised in the development of a Eucalyptus plant: the 'seedling', 'juvenile', 'intermediate', and 'adult' phases. However, no definite transitional point occurs between the phases. The intermediate phase, when the largest leaves are often formed, links

17017-415: The ship, and the school moved to land-based facilities on Treasure Island . With the outbreak of war, enrollment exceeded the capacity of facilities on Treasure Island and US$ 450,000 (equivalent to $ 8,391,000 in 2023) was appropriated to enlarge the school in May 1942. Plans were swiftly drawn up by Cdr. Ralph M. Sheaf, and construction began on the facilities at Coyote Point on June 25, 1942. The campus

17160-957: The smell of the leaves. For koalas, these compounds are the most important factor in leaf choice. A wide variety of insects also feed exclusively on Eucalyptus leaves, such as beetles in the genus Paropsisterna . The eusocial beetle Austroplatypus incompertus makes and defends its galleries exclusively inside eucalypts, including some species of Eucalyptus and Corymbia . Fungal species Mycosphaerella and Teratosphaeria have been associated with leaf disease on various Eucalyptus species. Several fungal species from Teratosphaeriaceae family are causal agents in leaf diseases and stem cankers of Eucalyptus in Uruguay , and Australia . Eucalypts originated between 35 and 50 million years ago, not long after Australia-New Guinea separated from Gondwana , their rise coinciding with an increase in fossil charcoal deposits (suggesting that fire

17303-510: The time firefighters arrived, both structures were fully engulfed in flames. By late March 1924, the creditors of Pacific City had assumed control and announced the company would be reorganized under the leadership of Edmond Levy. Plans were made to open the resort on July 1, 1924, but the opening was delayed until July 4. Admission to the park itself was made free that year, with a small fee for automobile parking. In March 1925, San Mateo County Superior Court Judge George H. Buck granted

17446-517: The time. He coined the generic name from the Greek roots eu and calyptos , meaning "well" and "covered" in reference to the operculum of the flower bud which protects the developing flower parts as the flower develops and is shed by the pressure of the emerging stamens at flowering. The name obliqua was derived from the Latin obliquus , meaning "oblique", which is the botanical term describing

17589-817: The train back to a class built and operated originally at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition by the Miniature Railway Company . This particular train was known to have run along the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk as the Bay Shore Limited between 1907 and 1915 before it was sold for scrap to a Ford dealer in San Francisco. After running at Pacific City, it was hidden in Burlingame for two years to avoid being impounded, then sold to Herbert Fleishhacker for his eponymous zoo in 1925, where it ran until 1978, when it

17732-475: The two basins. The narrower Basin 1 is to the west of Basin 2. A third basin has been planned but not built; rubble from the first, demolished San Mateo Bridge (1929–1967) was placed along the eastern property line and would define the limit of the Basin 3. The Coyote Point Yacht Club (CPYC) was formed on July 20, 1941, and initially held its meetings at the old San Mateo city hall near the downtown railroad station;

17875-408: The various Decoration Day practices are thought to represent syncretism of predominantly Christian cultures in 19th century Southern Appalachia with pre-Christian influences from Scotland, Ireland, and African cultures. Appalachian and Liberian cemetery decoration traditions are thought to have more in common with one another than with United States Memorial Day traditions which are focused on honoring

18018-554: The veterans sober. Memorial Day speeches became an occasion for veterans, politicians, and ministers to commemorate the Civil War and, at first, to rehash the "atrocities" of the enemy. They mixed religion and celebratory nationalism, allowing Americans to make sense of their history in terms of sacrifice for a better nation. People of all religious beliefs joined, made that German and Irish soldiers – ethnic minorities that Anti-Irish sentiment#19th century faced Anti-German sentiment#United States  – had become true Americans in

18161-585: The war had a "tendency ... to forget the purpose of Memorial Day and make it a day for games, races, and revelry, instead of a day of memory and tears". In 1911 the scheduling of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway car race, later named the Indianapolis 500 , was vehemently opposed by the increasingly elderly GAR. The state legislature in 1923 rejected holding the race on the holiday. But the new American Legion and local officials wanted

18304-520: The wooded knoll of Coyote Point itself in addition to the ex-Pacific City land. The first steps were taken in 1940 to convert the area to a park, when San Mateo County's Parks and Recreation Department purchased 727 acres (294 ha) from the Howard family, of which 329 acres (133 ha) were underwater. The purchase included 7,000 ft (2,100 m) of shoreline. In 1942, the federal government purchased 10 acres (4.0 ha) of land on Coyote Point for one of three Merchant Marine Cadet Basic schools,

18447-656: Was a factor even then), but they remained a minor component of the Tertiary rainforest until about 20 million years ago, when the gradual drying of the continent and depletion of soil nutrients led to the development of a more open forest type, predominantly Casuarina and Acacia species. The two valuable timber trees, alpine ash E. delegatensis and Australian mountain ash E. regnans , are killed by fire and only regenerate from seed. The same 2003 bushfire that had little impact on forests around Canberra resulted in thousands of hectares of dead ash forests. However,

18590-776: Was acquired for US$ 200,000 (equivalent to $ 3,640,000 in 2023) from the William H. Howard Estate Company in February 1922; at the time, it was the largest real estate transaction in San Mateo County. The site of Pacific City stretched for 3,000 ft (910 m) north from Coyote Point, including 90 acres (36 ha) of land and 250 acres (100 ha) covered by water. The Pacific City Corporation bragged in April 1922 that an investment of US$ 473,000 (equivalent to $ 8,610,000 in 2023) in total had been made so far, including land, construction, and equipment. By late May, it

18733-543: Was billed as the largest, fastest coaster west of Detroit. Ground was broken for Comet on April 21, 1922. When not on rides, visitors could choose from bathing on the beach or dancing in a large wooden pavilion; hunger was satiated by concessionaires vending hot dogs and pigs-in-the-blanket. An old ferry, the Ocean Wave , was tied up to the pier to serve as a floating restaurant as well. In addition to regular live music performances, Harry Houdini entertained crowds during

18876-469: Was built in a cleared area of the Knoll. The Basic School at San Mateo Point opened on August 15, 1942 and was officially dedicated on August 21, 1943 with a capacity of 528 cadets. Cadets regularly practiced "abandon ship" drills, climbing to the top of a three-story tower and jumping feet-first into the Bay, sometimes into water deliberately fouled with oil and set afire. By June 1944, 4,111 had completed basic training at San Mateo Point, but budget cuts forced

19019-567: Was clear the new park would not be open in time for the holiday, although the work was nearing completion, including a 60 ft-high (18 m) entry gate with an illuminated sign, which would be visible to cars traveling on the Bayshore Highway . D. Wooster Taylor resigned from his position as superintendent of the children's playground at Golden Gate Park (now the Koret Children's Quarter) to manage Pacific City. Opening day

19162-420: Was criticized, as he was opposed for his support of segregation; however, his speech was moderate in tone and stressed national unity and goodwill, gaining him praise from newspapers. The name "Memorial Day", which was first attested in 1882, gradually became more common than "Decoration Day" after World War II but was not declared the official name by federal law until 1967. On June 28, 1968, Congress passed

19305-475: Was first formally described in 1789 by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle who published the description in his book Sertum Anglicum, seu, Plantae rariores quae in hortis juxta Londinum along with a description of the type species , Eucalyptus obliqua . The name Eucalyptus is derived from the Ancient Greek words "eu" meaning 'well' and "calyptos" 'covered', referring to the operculum covering

19448-605: Was incorporated in April 1953 as the San Mateo County Junior Museum using a surplus Quonset hut . Eucalyptus Eucalyptus ( / ˌ juː k ə ˈ l ɪ p t ə s / ) is a genus of more than 700 species of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae . Most species of Eucalyptus are trees, often mallees , and a few are shrubs. Along with several other genera in the tribe Eucalypteae , including Corymbia and Angophora , they are commonly known as eucalypts or "gum trees". Plants in

19591-476: Was operated by the county parks department until 1997, when it was turned over to the San Mateo County Sheriff's Office. It serves as the primary qualification and training facility for 24 law enforcement agencies. In 2017, a new indoor pistol training facility was completed using funds from private donors. The existing outdoor rifle range was refurbished in 2018 and 2019 using funds provided by

19734-490: Was reclaimed to create dairy pasture. They also built a bathhouse and pool on the beach in 1880, and had eucalyptus, cypress and pine trees planted on the knoll by noted horticulturist John McLaren between 1880 and 1882. By 1890, the beach at Coyote Point near the pier was famed locally as the best in Burlingame and San Mateo, which made it the target of "sand pirates", who would truck away sand and sell it to artificial stone manufacturers in San Francisco. The land remained in

19877-506: Was replaced by Julio Bortolazzo, who turned the college's efforts to a new campus at its present site in the San Mateo Highlands. The new campus opened in 1963, and Coyote Point reverted to the county. At the time, the county acquired 402 acres (163 ha), of which 350 acres (140 ha) were underwater. A master plan was prepared in 1971. Under Ralph Shaw, Director of Parks and Recreation, and his successor, Harry Dean Jr.,

20020-409: Was reputed to have had one million visitors in aggregate over the first season (1922), a fire during the second season destroyed about one quarter of the development, and it opened only briefly for a third season. The reasons given for the closure were strong afternoon winds and sewage contamination in the bay. The name and site were first proposed in September 1921 at San Mateo City Hall by Nat Messer,

20163-562: Was set for Saturday, July 1; that last week of June, workers hurried to put the finishing touches on the new park. Visitors to Pacific City rode the Southern Pacific Peninsula Commute trains to Burlingame , where Fageol shuttles would take them to the park for an additional 5 cents, the San Mateo Interurban , or the ferry from San Francisco , which tied up at the pier originally built by

20306-580: Was stored to clear space for a new gorilla exhibit. The train was restored in 1997 by volunteers at the Golden Gate Railroad Museum and resumed passenger service at the zoo. The Pacific City beach is known presently as the Coyote Point Promenade. A informational plaque with a summary of Pacific City history was placed by E Clampus Vitus in October 1999 near the present-day boardsports rental shop. Rehabilitation of

20449-660: Was the location of the first Civil War soldier's grave to be decorated, according to an article in the Richmond Times-Dispatch in 1906. This decoration was for the funeral of the first soldier killed during the Civil War, John Quincy Marr , who died on June 1, 1861, during a skirmish at the Battle of Fairfax Courthouse in Virginia. On April 26, 1865, in Jackson, Mississippi , Sue Landon Vaughan decorated

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