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75-629: The Coleman A. Young Municipal Center ( CAYMC ) is a government office building and courthouse in downtown Detroit, Michigan . Originally called the City-County Building , it was renamed for the former Detroit Mayor Coleman A. Young , shortly after his death in 1997. It houses the headquarters of the government of the City of Detroit , as well as offices of the Wayne County government. The modernist International-style building

150-429: A transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits . A varying current in any coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) across any other coils wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferred between separate coils without

225-478: A 200-plus-room hotel, office, retail and event space. Further ongoing new construction underway were The Exchange, a 16-story residential tower, and the 20-story Huntington Bank headquarters tower. In late 2021, Stephen Ross and Christopher Ilitch announced plans for the new home of the University of Michigan's Detroit Center for Innovation (DCI), a $ 250 million, 4-acre, three building graduate school campus in

300-403: A DC component flowing in the windings. A saturable reactor exploits saturation of the core to control alternating current. Knowledge of leakage inductance is also useful when transformers are operated in parallel. It can be shown that if the percent impedance and associated winding leakage reactance-to-resistance ( X / R ) ratio of two transformers were the same, the transformers would share

375-401: A flux equal and opposite to that produced by the primary winding. The windings are wound around a core of infinitely high magnetic permeability so that all of the magnetic flux passes through both the primary and secondary windings. With a voltage source connected to the primary winding and a load connected to the secondary winding, the transformer currents flow in the indicated directions and

450-670: A large transformer at other than its design frequency may require assessment of voltages, losses, and cooling to establish if safe operation is practical. Transformers may require protective relays to protect the transformer from overvoltage at higher than rated frequency. One example is in traction transformers used for electric multiple unit and high-speed train service operating across regions with different electrical standards. The converter equipment and traction transformers have to accommodate different input frequencies and voltage (ranging from as high as 50 Hz down to 16.7 Hz and rated up to 25 kV). At much higher frequencies

525-523: A metallic (conductive) connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction , discovered in 1831, describes the induced voltage effect in any coil due to a changing magnetic flux encircled by the coil. Transformers are used to change AC voltage levels, such transformers being termed step-up or step-down type to increase or decrease voltage level, respectively. Transformers can also be used to provide galvanic isolation between circuits as well as to couple stages of signal-processing circuits. Since

600-493: A nameplate that indicate the phase relationships between their terminals. This may be in the form of a phasor diagram, or using an alpha-numeric code to show the type of internal connection (wye or delta) for each winding. The EMF of a transformer at a given flux increases with frequency. By operating at higher frequencies, transformers can be physically more compact because a given core is able to transfer more power without reaching saturation and fewer turns are needed to achieve

675-432: A number of approximations. Analysis may be simplified by assuming that magnetizing branch impedance is relatively high and relocating the branch to the left of the primary impedances. This introduces error but allows combination of primary and referred secondary resistances and reactance by simple summation as two series impedances. Transformer equivalent circuit impedance and transformer ratio parameters can be derived from

750-714: A number of primary and secondary schools in the city, along with those in the metro area. There are 23 Catholic high schools in the Archdiocese of Detroit . Of the three Catholic high schools in the city, two are operated by the Society of Jesus and the third is co-sponsored by the Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary and the Congregation of St. Basil . The Detroit Public Library operates

825-433: A permeability many times that of free space and the core thus serves to greatly reduce the magnetizing current and confine the flux to a path which closely couples the windings. Early transformer developers soon realized that cores constructed from solid iron resulted in prohibitive eddy current losses, and their designs mitigated this effect with cores consisting of bundles of insulated iron wires. Later designs constructed

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900-638: A reflecting pool. In 2007, Downtown Detroit was named among the best big-city neighborhoods in which to retire by CNN Money Magazine editors. Downtown contains popular destinations, including the International Riverfront , the MGM Grand Detroit , Greektown Casino Hotel , and many sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Downtown Detroit hosts over 92,000 workers which make up about one-fifth of

975-467: A sketch of the statue appears as the central element of most of the logos of Detroit's city departments and services. When Detroit sports teams (the Red Wings, Pistons, Lions, and Tigers) have been in contention for their league's championship, the statue has traditionally been outfitted with a huge version of the appropriate team's jersey. The Coleman A. Young Municipal Center is owned and operated by

1050-468: A transformer design to limit the short-circuit current it will supply. Leaky transformers may be used to supply loads that exhibit negative resistance , such as electric arcs , mercury- and sodium- vapor lamps and neon signs or for safely handling loads that become periodically short-circuited such as electric arc welders . Air gaps are also used to keep a transformer from saturating, especially audio-frequency transformers in circuits that have

1125-404: Is an ongoing debate whether or not this redevelopment is good for the downtown area and Detroit as a whole. In 2021, the 2-acre Hudson's site 680-foot tower, and the 232-foot tall, block-long building called "the block", with the two sections being separated by an activated alley, were under construction by Dan Gilbert's real estate firm, Bedrock Detroit, that will include 150 apartments,

1200-519: Is at the expense of flux density at saturation. For instance, ferrite saturation occurs at a substantially lower flux density than laminated iron. Large power transformers are vulnerable to insulation failure due to transient voltages with high-frequency components, such as caused in switching or by lightning. Transformer energy losses are dominated by winding and core losses. Transformers' efficiency tends to improve with increasing transformer capacity. The efficiency of typical distribution transformers

1275-402: Is between about 98 and 99 percent. As transformer losses vary with load, it is often useful to tabulate no-load loss , full-load loss, half-load loss, and so on. Hysteresis and eddy current losses are constant at all load levels and dominate at no load, while winding loss increases as load increases. The no-load loss can be significant, so that even an idle transformer constitutes a drain on

1350-625: Is full of murals and other artwork from 27 international artists, and the floors are color-coded. The Z opened on January 30, 2014. On December 10, 2014, Punch Bowl Social opened a new 24,000-square-foot bi-level eatery and entertainment complex in The Z structure. Some places for entertainment and attractions within the downtown region include Campus Martius Park , Philip A. Hart Plaza , Coleman A. Young Community Center, Detroit Riverwalk , Fox Theatre , Ford Field , Little Caesars Arena , and Comerica Park . The University of Detroit Mercy School of Law

1425-425: Is given by the universal EMF equation: A dot convention is often used in transformer circuit diagrams, nameplates or terminal markings to define the relative polarity of transformer windings. Positively increasing instantaneous current entering the primary winding's 'dot' end induces positive polarity voltage exiting the secondary winding's 'dot' end. Three-phase transformers used in electric power systems will have

1500-569: Is lies on the historic site of Black Bottom and Paradise Valley. Black Bottom was one of the city's major African American communities, historically named by French colonial settlers for its rich soil. Paradise Valley was the business and entertainment district of Black Bottom, best known for its Paradise Theatre and Hotel Gotham, where prominent jazz figures such as Duke Ellington , Billie Holiday , and Louis Armstrong performed and stayed. Both neighborhoods were demolished to build I-375, and have since been replaced with Lafayette Park . Downtown

1575-724: Is located downtown across from the Renaissance Center . Wayne County Community College District (WCCCD) has its headquarters in Downtown Detroit. The Downtown Campus of the district is located adjacent to Downtown Detroit and adjacent to the WCCCD headquarters. Wayne State University is located in Midtown Detroit . The Corktown Campus, near downtown at 2700 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, houses

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1650-479: Is located in Downtown Detroit; it is the only TV station in the Detroit media market with studios located in the city as WXYZ , WJBK , WWJ , WMYD , WPXD , and WKBD (affiliates of ABC , Fox , CBS , MyNetworkTV , Ion Television and The CW respectively) have their studios in the nearby city of Southfield . Downtown Detroit has seen a major growth in entertainment in the past decade. Campus Martius Park

1725-561: Is open year-round, with ice skating in the winter with a huge Christmas tree display, to a large fountain and many concerts in the summer. Downtown Detroit has also seen major growth in retail, such as Michigan-based Moosejaw outdoor clothing. In December 2012, the largest Buffalo Wild Wings in the country opened in the district, and a new mixed-use development by CEO Dan Gilbert , businessman, and developer, The Z , due to its Z-like shape, with 1,300 parking spaces, artwork, LED lighting, and 33,000-square-feet of street level retail space. The Z

1800-421: Is rarely attempted; the 'real' transformer model's equivalent circuit shown below does not include parasitic capacitance. However, the capacitance effect can be measured by comparing open-circuit inductance, i.e. the inductance of a primary winding when the secondary circuit is open, to a short-circuit inductance when the secondary winding is shorted. The ideal transformer model assumes that all flux generated by

1875-703: Is that Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty . An enclosed pedway over Randolph Street connects the CAYMC to the Millender Center , though its use is restricted to employees. The Spirit of Detroit , a 25 feet (7.6 m) tall bronze statue by sculptor Marshall Fredericks , is located at the Courts Tower's marble wall element. As one of Detroit's most easily identifiable landmarks,

1950-720: Is the Westin Book-Cadillac Hotel . In 2006, the Cleveland-based Ferchill Group began the $ 180 million redevelopment of the historic Book Cadlliac Hotel at the corner of Washington Boulevard and Michigan Avenue. The project, which has been hailed by preservationists, houses a 455-room Westin Hotel, 67 high-end condominiums, and two to three restaurants, and some miscellaneous retail serving hotel and conference center guests. DTE Energy Headquarters features an urban oasis of parks, walkways, and

2025-584: The Fox Theatre . Ernst & Young has offices in One Kennedy Square on Campus Martius Park . Pricewaterhouse Coopers has offices in a building across from Ford Field . Chrysler maintains executive offices at Chrysler House in the city's Financial District . In 2011, Quicken Loans moved its headquarters and 4,000 employees to downtown. Comerica Bank and Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan are also major employers downtown. Throughout

2100-709: The M-1 Rail Line , which opened to the public in 2017. It runs 3.3 miles on Woodward Avenue from Congress Street in Downtown Detroit to the Grand Boulevard station in New Center . Companies with headquarters in Downtown Detroit include Compuware , Dickinson Wright , General Motors , Little Caesars , Campbell-Ewald , Miller Canfield , and Quicken Loans . On October 28, 2014, Fifth Third Bank announced plans to move its Michigan regional headquarters from Southfield to downtown Detroit in what

2175-496: The Renaissance Center , and the Detroit Lions have relocated from Pontiac to Downtown Detroit. High-profile events like the 2005 MLB All-Star Game , Super Bowl XL , and the 2006 and 2012 World Series have taken place in downtown, generating income for local businesses and spurring more growth. As a result, new residents are moving into Detroit in the assortment of new lofts that are opening. An example of these trends

2250-595: The Renaissance Center , the Penobscot Building , One Detroit Center , and the Guardian Building . Historic churches, theatres , and commercial buildings anchor the various downtown districts. Downtown has a number of parks including those linked by a promenade along the International Riverfront . Its central square is Campus Martius Park . Following the Great Fire of 1805 , the design for

2325-553: The University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry and Dental Clinic. The main campus of the University of Detroit Mercy is located uptown. The Detroit College of Law was in Downtown Detroit until 1997. It moved to East Lansing, Michigan in 1997 and is now known as the Michigan State University College of Law . As of 2016 there is a concentration of charter schools and senior high schools in

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2400-468: The magnetizing branch of the model. Core losses are caused mostly by hysteresis and eddy current effects in the core and are proportional to the square of the core flux for operation at a given frequency. The finite permeability core requires a magnetizing current I M to maintain mutual flux in the core. Magnetizing current is in phase with the flux, the relationship between the two being non-linear due to saturation effects. However, all impedances of

2475-433: The power grid . Ideal transformer equations By Faraday's law of induction: where V {\displaystyle V} is the instantaneous voltage , N {\displaystyle N} is the number of turns in a winding, dΦ/dt is the derivative of the magnetic flux Φ through one turn of the winding over time ( t ), and subscripts P and S denotes primary and secondary. Combining

2550-522: The 20th floor housing the building's mechanical equipment . A marble wall element rises 43.5 feet (13.3 m) high stands 17 feet (5.2 m) west of the Courts Tower, and is connected to the tower by a canopy that forms the Woodward Avenue entrance. Bas reliefs of the Detroit and Wayne County seals are carved in the wall, along with a quote from the Bible ( 2 Corinthians 3:17) Now the Lord

2625-670: The 400 Tower, the Consulate-General of Canada in Detroit is located in Suite 1100 of the 600 Tower, and the Consulate of Italy in Detroit is located in Suite 950 of the 400 Tower. The Consulate of Italy in Detroit used to be located in Suite 1840 in the Buhl Building until 2021. The Consulate of Mexico in Detroit is located in Suite 830 in the Penobscot Building . Transformer In electrical engineering ,

2700-673: The Detroit-Wayne Joint Building Authority, which was created in 1948 by the Michigan Legislature . The building contains a library , a courthouse , and the city hall . When it opened, the City-County Building replaced both the historic Detroit City Hall and Wayne County Building . Many Wayne County offices have since moved to the nearby Guardian Building which now serves as the county's headquarters. The offices of

2775-453: The Downtown Detroit area - there were eleven high schools and 1,894 high school-aged students in the area- relative to other parts of Detroit which had more high school students but fewer schools available. This is because Downtown Detroit is relatively wealthy compared to other parts of Detroit and because of gentrification . The Detroit Public Schools , charter schools, and private schools serve city residents. Downtown residents enrolled in

2850-576: The Rose and Robert Skillman Branch Library downtown at 121 Gratiot with the library headquarters located in Midtown . The downtown branch first opened January 4, 1932. Skillman received its current name after the Skillman Foundation donated to the library system. Three consulates are located in the Renaissance Center ; the Consulate-General of Japan, Detroit is located on the 16th Floor of

2925-566: The Wayne County Clerk remain in the building as does one division of the Wayne County (Third Judicial) Circuit Court, Circuit Court Administrative Offices and the Wayne County Probate Court. On June 28, 2008, the building was struck by lightning during a series of intense thunderstorms , and caused a transformer fire within the building. It re-opened for service on July 9, 2008. The smoke and fire damage

3000-471: The bus systems downtown. It is adjacent to two stops on the Detroit People Mover . The People Mover, a 2.94-mile (4.7 km) automated rail rapid transit system, operates on a single-track, one-way loop through the downtown area. Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation has its headquarters in the Buhl Building in Downtown Detroit. In late July 2014, construction began on

3075-768: The city's total employment base; in addition, it is home to about 6,200 residents. Downtown offers a number of residential high rises, including Riverfront Towers , The Albert , and Town Residences . The Renaissance Center contains the Detroit Marriott hotel, General Motors headquarters, as well as many shops and restaurants. Compuware has its headquarters in the Compuware World Headquarters building by Campus Martius Park in Downtown Detroit. Compuware moved its headquarters and 4,000 employees to Downtown Detroit in 2003. Little Caesars and Olympia Entertainment have their headquarters in

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3150-507: The core magnetomotive force cancels to zero. According to Faraday's law , since the same magnetic flux passes through both the primary and secondary windings in an ideal transformer, a voltage is induced in each winding proportional to its number of turns. The transformer winding voltage ratio is equal to the winding turns ratio. An ideal transformer is a reasonable approximation for a typical commercial transformer, with voltage ratio and winding turns ratio both being inversely proportional to

3225-456: The core, the transformer is core form; when windings are surrounded by the core, the transformer is shell form. Shell form design may be more prevalent than core form design for distribution transformer applications due to the relative ease in stacking the core around winding coils. Core form design tends to, as a general rule, be more economical, and therefore more prevalent, than shell form design for high voltage power transformer applications at

3300-400: The corresponding current ratio. The load impedance referred to the primary circuit is equal to the turns ratio squared times the secondary circuit load impedance. The ideal transformer model neglects many basic linear aspects of real transformers, including unavoidable losses and inefficiencies. (a) Core losses, collectively called magnetizing current losses, consisting of (b) Unlike

3375-399: The discussion of gentrification within the city. The downtown area is notably wealthier than other parts of the city, and has attracted a new demographic of white, middle-class tourists and residents, physically and culturally displacing the black residents of the inner city. The ever-increasing lack of affordable housing and venues for locals have further contributed to this displacement. It

3450-454: The downtown District Detroit area. As of the 2020 Census , there were 6,151 people living in the district. The population density was 4,271.5 people per square mile (1,649.2/km ). There were 5,323 housing units. The census reported the district residents as 54.2% White , 30.4% Black , 0.4% Native American , 6.4% Asian , 0.09% Pacific Islander , 2.2% other races , and 6.0% two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.5% of

3525-439: The downtown area was left open to a new vision. Augustus B. Woodward proposed a radial design for the post-fire city, where major streets such as Woodward , Washington, and Madison Avenue would spiral off Grand Circus Park . The downtown streets still loosely follow Woodward's original design. Business in Detroit boomed along with its growing automobile industry, leading to an increase in downtown's population and wealth. Much of

3600-579: The downtown area's architecture was built during this boom, in the late 19th century and early 20th century, and still attracts the attention of architects. Several buildings were built by the famous Minoru Yamasaki (most well known for designing the twin towers in New York City), including the McGregor Memorial Conference Center and Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Detroit Branch Building . The area where I-375

3675-440: The electrical supply. Designing energy efficient transformers for lower loss requires a larger core, good-quality silicon steel , or even amorphous steel for the core and thicker wire, increasing initial cost. The choice of construction represents a trade-off between initial cost and operating cost. Transformer losses arise from: Closed-core transformers are constructed in 'core form' or 'shell form'. When windings surround

3750-448: The equivalent circuit shown are by definition linear and such non-linearity effects are not typically reflected in transformer equivalent circuits. With sinusoidal supply, core flux lags the induced EMF by 90°. With open-circuited secondary winding, magnetizing branch current I 0 equals transformer no-load current. The resulting model, though sometimes termed 'exact' equivalent circuit based on linearity assumptions, retains

3825-424: The following series loop impedances of the model: In normal course of circuit equivalence transformation, R S and X S are in practice usually referred to the primary side by multiplying these impedances by the turns ratio squared, ( N P / N S )  = a . Core loss and reactance is represented by the following shunt leg impedances of the model: R C and X M are collectively termed

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3900-461: The following tests: open-circuit test , short-circuit test , winding resistance test, and transformer ratio test. If the flux in the core is purely sinusoidal , the relationship for either winding between its rms voltage E rms of the winding, and the supply frequency f , number of turns N , core cross-sectional area A in m and peak magnetic flux density B peak in Wb/m or T (tesla)

3975-554: The ground to the mechanical penthouse roof parapet . The Administration Tower holds offices for the City of Detroit and Wayne County, as well as doctor clinics, laboratories, a municipal library, and the City Council auditorium chambers on the 13th floor. The 20-story portion of this complex is called the Courts Tower and is 318 ft (97 m) tall. It contains office space on floors 1 through 8, and courtrooms , judges chambers, and jury rooms on floors 9 through 19, with

4050-412: The ideal model, the windings in a real transformer have non-zero resistances and inductances associated with: (c) similar to an inductor , parasitic capacitance and self-resonance phenomenon due to the electric field distribution. Three kinds of parasitic capacitance are usually considered and the closed-loop equations are provided Inclusion of capacitance into the transformer model is complicated, and

4125-465: The ideal transformer identity : where L {\displaystyle L} is winding self-inductance. By Ohm's law and ideal transformer identity: An ideal transformer is linear , lossless and perfectly coupled . Perfect coupling implies infinitely high core magnetic permeability and winding inductance and zero net magnetomotive force (i.e. i p n p  −  i s n s  = 0). A varying current in

4200-443: The invention of the first constant-potential transformer in 1885, transformers have become essential for the transmission , distribution , and utilization of alternating current electric power. A wide range of transformer designs is encountered in electronic and electric power applications. Transformers range in size from RF transformers less than a cubic centimeter in volume, to units weighing hundreds of tons used to interconnect

4275-482: The late 2010s a large amount of business and investment continued to enter the city and transform it. As of 2019, businesses such as Shinola , Google , Moosejaw , and Nike occupy the once-vacant street fronts. Investments such as new bike lanes, the Little Caesars Arena and QLine have been successful in attracting newcomers to the city. Downtown's transformation in recent years has also perpetuated

4350-445: The limitations of early electric traction motors . Consequently, the transformers used to step-down the high overhead line voltages were much larger and heavier for the same power rating than those required for the higher frequencies. Operation of a transformer at its designed voltage but at a higher frequency than intended will lead to reduced magnetizing current. At a lower frequency, the magnetizing current will increase. Operation of

4425-455: The load power in proportion to their respective ratings. However, the impedance tolerances of commercial transformers are significant. Also, the impedance and X/R ratio of different capacity transformers tends to vary. Referring to the diagram, a practical transformer's physical behavior may be represented by an equivalent circuit model, which can incorporate an ideal transformer. Winding joule losses and leakage reactance are represented by

4500-662: The lower end of their voltage and power rating ranges (less than or equal to, nominally, 230 kV or 75 MVA). At higher voltage and power ratings, shell form transformers tend to be more prevalent. Shell form design tends to be preferred for extra-high voltage and higher MVA applications because, though more labor-intensive to manufacture, shell form transformers are characterized as having inherently better kVA-to-weight ratio, better short-circuit strength characteristics and higher immunity to transit damage. Transformers for use at power or audio frequencies typically have cores made of high permeability silicon steel . The steel has

4575-774: The owner of black newspapers in the United States, had its headquarters in the Globe Tobacco Building , and later the Buhl Building . The Detroit Media Partnership , housing both The Detroit News and the Detroit Free Press , has its headquarters in Downtown Detroit. The Metro Times was previously headquartered in the Detroit Cornice and Slate Company Building in Downtown. The studio of WDIV (Detroit's NBC affiliate)

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4650-520: The police department serves Downtown Detroit. Federal offices are in the Patrick V. McNamara Federal Building . They include an FBI field office . The Detroit Greyhound Lines station is directly west of Downtown along the John C. Lodge Freeway. The Detroit Department of Transportation system provides mass-transit by bus. The Rosa Parks Transit Center, completed in 2009, serves as the main hub for

4725-444: The power supply. It is not directly a power loss, but results in inferior voltage regulation , causing the secondary voltage not to be directly proportional to the primary voltage, particularly under heavy load. Transformers are therefore normally designed to have very low leakage inductance. In some applications increased leakage is desired, and long magnetic paths, air gaps, or magnetic bypass shunts may deliberately be introduced in

4800-401: The primary winding links all the turns of every winding, including itself. In practice, some flux traverses paths that take it outside the windings. Such flux is termed leakage flux , and results in leakage inductance in series with the mutually coupled transformer windings. Leakage flux results in energy being alternately stored in and discharged from the magnetic fields with each cycle of

4875-649: The public school system are zoned for Martin Luther King High School . Some downtown residents are zoned for Burton K-8 for elementary school, while others are zoned to Chrysler Elementary School. Burton K-8 and Bunche K-8 serve portions of Downtown for middle school. Previously Dewey K-8 served portions of Downtown Detroit for elementary school. Previously Miller Middle School, and Duffield Middle School served portions of Downtown Detroit. Previously Murray-Wright High School served Downtown Detroit for high school. The Archdiocese of Detroit lists

4950-439: The ratio of eq. 1 & eq. 2: where for a step-up transformer a < 1 and for a step-down transformer a > 1. By the law of conservation of energy , apparent , real and reactive power are each conserved in the input and output: where S {\displaystyle S} is apparent power and I {\displaystyle I} is current . Combining Eq. 3 & Eq. 4 with this endnote gives

5025-436: The same impedance. However, properties such as core loss and conductor skin effect also increase with frequency. Aircraft and military equipment employ 400 Hz power supplies which reduce core and winding weight. Conversely, frequencies used for some railway electrification systems were much lower (e.g. 16.7 Hz and 25 Hz) than normal utility frequencies (50–60 Hz) for historical reasons concerned mainly with

5100-663: The total population. As recently as 2011 the population of full-time residents in Downtown Detroit was relatively low. However, its population grew by an estimated 15 percent between 2012 and 2016 as it experienced a construction boom. The city of Detroit offices are located in the Coleman Young Municipal Building . The Guardian Building serves as headquarters for Wayne County . Detroit Fire Department has its headquarters in Downtown Detroit. The Detroit Police Department has its headquarters in Downtown Detroit. The Central District patrol division of

5175-565: The tower section, with its white marble-clad piers and dark spandrels, offers a distinct contrast with the 14-story Administration Tower office section, in which horizontal lines are emphasized. The brick of the Randolph Street facade was not covered with marble to allow for a more economical future expansion. The 14-story portion of this complex is called the Administration Tower and is 197 ft (60 m) tall, from

5250-637: The transformer core size required drops dramatically: a physically small transformer can handle power levels that would require a massive iron core at mains frequency. The development of switching power semiconductor devices made switch-mode power supplies viable, to generate a high frequency, then change the voltage level with a small transformer. Transformers for higher frequency applications such as SMPS typically use core materials with much lower hysteresis and eddy-current losses than those for 50/60 Hz. Primary examples are iron-powder and ferrite cores. The lower frequency-dependant losses of these cores often

5325-418: The transformer's primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer core, which is also encircled by the secondary winding. This varying flux at the secondary winding induces a varying electromotive force or voltage in the secondary winding. This electromagnetic induction phenomenon is the basis of transformer action and, in accordance with Lenz's law , the secondary current so produced creates

5400-433: Was designed by the architectural firm of Harley, Ellington and Day . Construction began on the skyscraper in 1951 and was completed in 1954. It is 20 floors tall, and including the basement has 21 total floors. Three sides of the building's exterior are faced with white Vermont marble with black marble spandrel panels beneath the windows of the Courts Tower to emphasize the building's vertical lines. The verticality of

5475-520: Was easily visible across the river in Windsor, Ontario . 42°19′46″N 83°02′39″W  /  42.3295°N 83.0442°W  / 42.3295; -83.0442 Downtown Detroit The city's main thoroughfare M-1 (Woodward Avenue) links Downtown to Midtown , New Center , and the North End . Downtown contains much historic architecture , including prominent skyscrapers, ranging from

5550-412: Was once notorious for its abandonment, vacant buildings, and disinvestment. However, in recent years, the downtown area has seen tremendous growth and redevelopment. Since 2000 a number of major construction projects have been completed including the new Compuware Headquarters at Campus Martius Park and two new stadiums: Comerica Park and Ford Field . General Motors moved their headquarters into

5625-658: Was to be named the Fifth Third Bank Building at One Woodward . The bank was to occupy about 62,000 sq ft (5,800 m ) of the structure and has also pledged to invest $ 85 million in the city of Detroit. The office had 150 employees. Previously Comerica Bank had its headquarters in Downtown Detroit. On March 6, 2007, the company announced its decision to relocate its corporate headquarters to Dallas . The company executives began moving to Dallas in November 2007. At one time Real Times Media ,

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