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64-619: The library consists of the Main Library and 22 branches located in neighborhoods throughout Franklin County. The branches are Canal Winchester , Driving Park , Dublin , Franklinton , Gahanna , Hilliard , Hilltop , Karl Road, Linden , Livingston, Marion-Franklin, Martin Luther King, New Albany , Northern Lights, Northside, Parsons, Reynoldsburg , Shepard, South High, Southeast, Whetstone, and Whitehall . CML also jointly operates

128-509: A 1993 study that this is primarily due to differences in the characteristics and backgrounds of GED test graduates. When controlling for other influences, he finds no evidence that, for the average taker, the GED test credential improves an individual's economic opportunities above those for other dropouts. However, there is a stigma for GED certification holders that affects their employability or pursuit of higher education. There are calls for

192-450: A basement. The west facade is lively with arches, columns, friezes, and carved cherubs. A large frieze reads "Biblioteca Fons Eruditionis", or "the library, the fount of learning". A smaller frieze over the central entranceway reads "Open to all" in bold capital letters (Carnegie required that anyone use the libraries he funded). The facade also features a row of benches, with the inscription "my treasures are within" across them; this phrase

256-477: A biannual sale of about 18,000 books, graphic novels, CDs, and DVDs (materials from the library that are worn or not in demand) at the branch, which raises about $ 15,000 each occurrence. General Educational Development The General Educational Development ( GED ) tests are a group of four academic subject tests in the United States and its territories certifying academic knowledge equivalent to

320-658: A cafe. The third floor includes a computer lab and houses the Franklin County Genealogical & Historical Society. The library building was proposed as early as 1901 when the public used a reading room in Columbus's city hall. In 1903, Andrew Carnegie largely funded its construction, making it a Carnegie library . The library was designed by Albert Randolph Ross in the Beaux-Arts style, using white Vermont marble. The building opened in 1907. It

384-490: A high school diploma. This certification is an alternative to the U.S. high school diploma, as is HiSET . Passing the GED test gives those who do not complete high school, or who do not meet requirements for high school diploma , the opportunity to earn a Certificate of High School Equivalency or similarly titled credential. GED Testing Service is a joint venture of the American Council on Education, which started

448-531: A high school equivalency credential (also called a high school equivalency development or general equivalency diploma) to persons who meet the passing score requirements. In addition to English , the GED tests are available in Spanish in several states (e.g. California, Colorado, Illinois, New Jersey, New York, Florida, Nevada, Texas). Tests and test preparation are also offered to people who are incarcerated or who live on military bases. People who live outside

512-515: A letter of parental consent and a letter of consent from the student's school district. In South Africa and Namibia, students who are at least 17 years old are eligible. The cost of the GED test for test-takers varies depending on the state. As of 2014 , costs in Maryland were $ 45, free in New York, but the typical fees are $ 120 for all four tests, or $ 30 for each of the four subject tests. There

576-504: A portion of the city's homeless population, as the facility offers warmth, drinking fountains, bathrooms, computers, and homeless-specific resources. The Friends of the Columbus Metropolitan Library, a 501(c)(4) nonprofit organization, operates the library store, on the first floor of the library's new wing. The store sells books, gifts, music, clothing, and other branded items. The organization also operates

640-507: A session. There may be restrictions on what test-takers may bring into the testing room. There are approximately three to six GED test forms in circulation at any time. This helps catch test-takers who may be cheating . As with any standardized test , the various test forms are calibrated to the same level of difficulty The GED has also been administered online since January 2020, but some states (Florida, Hawaii, Iowa, New York, Maine, Massachusetts, West Virginia, Wyoming) do not recognize

704-460: A standard diploma in a given jurisdiction. Some districts hold graduation ceremonies for GED tests passers and/or award scholarships to the highest scorers. The GED test pass rate for all takers is almost 60%. Colleges that admit based upon high school grades may require a minimum score on the GED test in order to admit students based upon the test. For example, Arizona State University requires an average sub-test score of 500 in addition to

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768-477: A traditional high school diploma. The test is administered to a representative sample of graduating high-school seniors each year, about 30% of whom fail the test. The GED certification itself (i.e., without further post-secondary education or training) does not help people get jobs as much as a high school diploma does. People who have earned the GED credential tend to earn more than dropouts and less than high school graduates. Economist James Heckman found in

832-430: Is WiFi enabled. In 2004 CML started the program "Know-It-Now", a 24/7 virtual reference service. The "proactive reference" approach is another way the library is geared towards maximizing patrons' satisfaction; this approach ends the passivity of the reference librarians by taking the chair away and having the librarians interact with patrons throughout the library. Hennen's American Public Library Ratings listed CML as

896-442: Is also provided to children with special needs. The Lobby Stop program is for senior citizens in retirement apartments . It utilizes a specially designed truck to transport book carts with large print books, DVDs and other materials and set up a temporary library in the common areas. The Book by Mail program, which started in 1977, is for the homebound. Large print books and other materials are mailed monthly or bi-monthly through

960-675: Is an additional fee to take the test online, typically $ 6 per test. The cost of each test outside of the U.S. is $ 80 each. In Canada the testing is free in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and the Northwest Territories. For the remaining provinces and territories the price varies between $ 6 per test in Newfoundland and Labrador to $ 40 per test in Alberta. People with disabilities who want to take

1024-474: The 1853 Columbus Athenium, these were all short-lived. On January 1, 1872, John J. Janney introduced an ordinance to the Columbus City Council which would allocate public funds for the construction of a library. The Columbus Public Library and Reading Room was opened on March 4, 1873, in the reading room on the first floor of City Hall , with a collection of 1,500 books. These included 1,200 from

1088-592: The CML was looking to connect the library building to the nearby Topiary Park . The only obstacle between the two was a small parking lot, which was part of the long-vacant Ohio School for the Deaf property. The CML purchased the property in order to obtain rights to the parking lot and replace it with a patio and park space. It paid $ 2.16 million for the building and its 2.24 acres in February 2013, and resold everything except

1152-642: The Carnegie building's atrium; and Life in Sellsville 1871–1900 and Life in the Blackberry Patch, 1900–1930 by Aminah Brenda Lynn Robinson, located in the new Grand Atrium. Topiary Park is a public park adjacent to the library, constructed in the late 1980s and early 1990s and designed by James and Elaine Mason. The park's central feature is a topiary garden, designed to depict figures from Georges Seurat 's 1884 painting, A Sunday Afternoon on

1216-665: The Columbus Athenaeum (1853-1872), 358 from Columbus's high school library, and 33 from its horticultural society. In 1906, the reading room moved to a separate building across from the Ohio Statehouse . James L. Grover served as the first director of the library, for a period of six years beginning in 1872. The system's Main Library was built to replace the reading rooms. It was constructed from 1903 to 1906 primarily using funds donated by Andrew Carnegie . Columbus

1280-402: The GED earned this way. Regulations governing who is eligible to take the GED vary by state. According to GED Testing Service policy, students at least 16 years old and not enrolled in high school are eligible for the program. However, many states require the candidate to be 17 years old and a resident of the state. Some states that allow students under 17 years of age to take the test require

1344-468: The GED program in 1942. The American Council on Education , in Washington, D.C. (U.S.), which owns the GED trademark , coined the initialism to identify "tests of general equivalency development" that measure proficiency in science, mathematics, social studies , reading, and writing. The GED Testing Service website as of 2023 does not refer to the test as anything but "GED". It is called the GED in

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1408-476: The GED test may be entitled to receive reasonable testing accommodations. If a qualified professional has documented the disability, the candidate should get the appropriate form from the Testing Center: The candidate returns the completed form to the GED testing center. Each request is considered individually. If accommodations are approved, the local GED testing examiner conducts the testing with

1472-583: The Grand Atrium, the children's section, an auditorium, meeting rooms, a gallery, a gift shop, and Carnegie's Cafe. The second floor features a reading room, newspaper room, teen room, a staff area, the fiction section, multimedia, and the Carnegie Gallery. The third floor houses the nonfiction and reference sections, local history and genealogy, a digital lab, and space for the Franklin County Genealogical & Historical Society. An atrium links

1536-505: The Island of La Grande Jatte . It is the only park based entirely on a painting. The library's 2015–16 renovation included seating and parkland constructed between the library and Topiary Park. One of the goals of the renovation was to better join the library to the park. The Main Library is open seven days per week. Services offered include wireless internet, public computers and tablets, and discovery boards (consoles that aid in navigating

1600-575: The Northwest Library in cooperation with Worthington Libraries . Columbus Metropolitan Library is a member of the Central Library Consortium, which enables its 17-member library systems to share a catalog. Following the founding of Columbus in 1812, the people of the city struggled to establish a public library. While several attempts were made with private funds, such as the 1835 Columbus Reading Room and Institute and

1664-477: The Thomas Ewing Miller house), the official residence of six Ohio governors, including future president Rutherford B. Hayes . The house was demolished to make way for the library. Construction lasted from 1903 to 1906 at a cost of $ 310,000; the city covered the remaining cost and agreed to pay at least $ 20,000 per year in maintenance and growth, a stipulation of Carnegie's gift. Carnegie's library

1728-503: The US postal system. The Library offers a unique Dial-A-Story services that provides 24/7 access to recorded content. Patrons can call 614-924-1800 from any phone and use the menu to navigate to various recordings. Children will especially enjoy story time on Dial-A-Story as it requires no internet access to use. CML first offered its patrons a public computer in 1977 and internet access in 1997. CML now has computers at all library locations and

1792-704: The United States and U.S. territories may be eligible to take the GED tests through Pearson VUE testing centers. Utah 's Adult High School Completion program is an alternative for people who prefer to earn a diploma. In November 1942, the United States Armed Forces Institute asked the American Council on Education (ACE) to develop a battery of tests to measure high school-level academic skills. These tests gave military personnel and veterans who had enrolled in

1856-417: The United States and internationally, but not to Canada, which used the 2002 version. As of May 2024, Canada discontinued the GED. It retained four content areas—language arts, mathematics, science, and social studies—but with different content to "measure a foundational core of knowledge and skills that are essential for career and college readiness." There are more than 3,500 official GED Testing Centers in

1920-548: The United States and its territories, and several hundred in other countries. Testing centers are most often in adult-education centers, community colleges , and public schools . Students in metropolitan areas may be able to choose from several testing locations. Official GED Testing Centers are controlled environments. All testing sessions take place either in person or online according to specific rules, and security measures are enforced. Breaks may be permitted between tests, depending on how many tests are being administered in

1984-846: The Year by the Library Journal in 2010. 39°57′40″N 82°59′22″W  /  39.961238°N 82.989516°W  / 39.961238; -82.989516 Main Library (Columbus, Ohio) The Main Library of the Columbus Metropolitan Library (CML) system is located in Downtown Columbus, Ohio , United States. The public library is the largest in the library system and holds approximately 300,000 volumes. It includes numerous rooms, including separate spaces for children, teens, an adult reading room, newspaper room, auditorium, gallery, gift shop, and

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2048-452: The approved accommodations, which are provided at no extra charge. Accommodations may include, but are not limited to: Possible scores on each test (4) within the GED battery range from a minimum of 100 to a maximum of 200. A score of 200 on an individual test puts the student in the top 1% of graduating high school seniors. ACE issues recommendations for what constitutes a minimum passing score for any given sub-test (currently 145) and for

2112-418: The certificate. If a student passes one or more, but not all four, tests within the battery, he or she only needs to retake the test(s) not passed. Most places limit the number of times students may take each individual test within a year. A student may encounter a waiting period before being allowed to retake a failed test. Tests must be completed by the expiration date, which is generally every two years on

2176-453: The city's increasing population. There were four additions and renovations: in the 1950s, 1961, 1990–1991, and 2015–2016. In 1953, the first expansion of the library opened, followed by a 15,000-square-foot annex in 1961. The Carnegie building was renovated in 1989, and the 1953 and 1961 additions were demolished. The 1990–1991 renovation cost $ 39 million, funded by a tax levy in the late 1980s. The renovation included an addition that tripled

2240-415: The first floor of City Hall , opened on March 4, 1873, and contained 1,500 books. These included 1,200 from the Columbus Athenaeum (1853-1872), 358 from Columbus's high school library, and 33 from its horticultural society. In 1906, the reading room moved to a separate building across from the Ohio Statehouse . Columbus was initially passed over by Carnegie for funds to build a large main library, as it

2304-657: The first four branch libraries. The Clintonville, Linden, Parsons, and Hilltop branches opened on October 4 of the same year. Additional branches included Linden, Northside, Franklinton, Hilltop, Whitehall, Eastside, Beechwold, Parsons, Northern Lights, Hilliard, Livingston, Reynoldsburg, Bolivar Arms, Morse Road, Gahanna, Clintonville, Martin Luther King, Dublin, South High, Driving Park, House of Knowledge, Channingway, Hilltonia, and Shepard, opened between 1935 and 1980. All branches were converted for handicapped access beginning in June 1980. On June 28, 1989, library trustees voted to change

2368-495: The growing population of Hispanics and Somalis , the library has an extensive English as a Second Language (ESL) program at several branch libraries. There is also Spanish reading time and technology classes taught in Spanish. The Ready for Kindergarten program is for preschoolers and their parents or caregivers. The library coordinates with teachers and schools to provide Ready for Kindergarten Storytimes and Classes. Storytime

2432-558: The last day of the year. The GED test is available in many countries around the world. Since 2015, the GED test has become popular in African countries including South Africa and Namibia. Many government institutions and universities regard the GED test credential as the same as a high school diploma with respect to program eligibility and as a prerequisite for admissions. The U.S. military , however, has higher requirements in admissions for GED test takers to compensate for their lack of

2496-422: The library and learning about it). Activities for children include children's book narrations, a reading practice area, a homework help center, a study center for teens, and a media lab. Historical and genealogical services include access to 70,000 books, records, and other materials, as well as a discovery board that highlights newly digitized materials and historic areas of Columbus. The library currently serves

2560-420: The library building. Additionally, a concrete plaza was broken up on the building's west side, restoring the size of the library's lawn. The original building was designed by Albert Randolph Ross of New York and Wilbur T. Mills of Columbus. It was built in a Beaux-Arts style (sometimes referred to as Second Renaissance Revival -style ), using white Vermont marble on a gray granite base. It has two stories and

2624-531: The library collection totals $ 7.97 million. In 2017, CML had 5.8 million visits and loaned out 15.7 million items. The Columbus Metropolitan Library (CML) system aims to inspire reading, share resources and connect people through their numerous programs and activities. Those services target various groups among its diverse patronage. CML provides help for adults with General Educational Development (GED) classes, technology training for basic computer knowledge , adult basic learning classes, an introductory class on

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2688-525: The library's space to reduce staff and shelf space and increase multimedia space; it reduced the Main Library's capacity from approximately 1 million volumes down to 300,000. The 1991 addition was constructed before the internet was popular, and before smartphones existed; thus the 1991 building was more-so built to house books. The renovation replaced the 1991 building's stone walls and heavily tinted windows with large glass curtain walls, giving views of

2752-475: The library's space, from 87,000 square feet to 418,800 square feet. The renovation was finished on January 2, 1991, and dedicated on April 30, 1991, by First Lady Barbara Bush and Ohio governor George Voinovich . In 2007, the centennial of the Main Library, the State Library of Ohio donated a 25,000-volume collection of genealogical history to the library, now located on the third floor. In 2013,

2816-421: The main building,” on the condition that the city fund the library for, “at least twenty thousand dollars a year.” The City Council approved the offer and used the initial funds to purchase the $ 40,000 estate of Thomas Ewing Miller at 96 S. Grant Avenue. With cost of construction exceeding initial estimates, Carnegie agreed to fund an additional $ 50,000, bringing his full donation to $ 200,000. A construction contract

2880-462: The majority of the United States, and internationally. In 2014, some states in the United States switched from GED to the HiSET and TASC (discontinued December 31, 2021). Iowa and Maine do not accept the GED. The GED Testing Service is a joint venture of the American Council on Education. Pearson is the sole developer for the GED test. The test is taken in person. States and jurisdictions award

2944-561: The military before completing high school a way to demonstrate their proficiency. Passing these tests gave returning soldiers and sailors the academic credentials they needed to get civilian jobs and gain access to post-secondary education or training. ACE revised the GED tests for a third time in 1988. The most noticeable change to the series was the addition of a writing sample, or essay . The new tests placed more emphasis on socially relevant topics and problem-solving skills. Surveys of test-takers found that more students (65%) reported taking

3008-502: The name of the library from Public Library of Columbus and Franklin County to Columbus Metropolitan Library. Since it initially opened, the Main Library has undergone four major renovations and expansions to accommodate the city's increasing population, in the 1950s, 1961, 1990–1991, and 2015–2016. Staffing at CML consisted of 846 employees in April 2020, of whom 42 were fully accredited librarians, plus volunteers. The annual expenditures for

3072-403: The nearby Topiary Park, Cristo Rey Columbus High School, and Grant Medical Center . Doorways were enlarged, and the library's cafe and gift shop were relocated to the 1991 building. Most shelves were reduced to below average adult height, allowing a less obstructed view of the interior. Additionally, park space replaced a parking lot at the building's east side, bringing Topiary Park directly up to

3136-402: The old building and the new. The main reading room, created in the 2015–2016 renovation, can seat 800 people. In the center of the west lawn is Peter Pan , a fountain and sculpture donated to the library, created in 1927 and dedicated May 18, 1928. The building features art by central Ohio artists throughout. These include three commissioned works: Vanitas by Todd Salughter, located in

3200-566: The parking lot space for $ 1 million to the private Cristo Rey Columbus High School in March 2013. This project, inspired by the main branch of the New York Public Library and its adjoining Bryant Park , in turn inspired the CML's 2015–16 renovation of its Main Library. The latest renovation had its groundbreaking on February 24, 2015. The branch closed for the project two months later, on April 13, 2015. The 1991 addition

3264-445: The test as a whole (currently 580—i.e., an average of 145 per test across all four sub-tests). Although most GED-issuing jurisdictions (for the most part, Boards of Education of U.S. states) adopt these minimum standards as their own, a jurisdiction may choose to establish higher standards for issuance of the certificate. Many jurisdictions award honors -level equivalency diplomas to students who meet certain criteria higher than those for

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3328-411: The test with the intention of continuing their education beyond high school, rather than to get better employment (30%). A fourth revision was made in 2002 to make the test comply with more recent standards for high-school education. A fifth revision was released on January 2, 2014, designed to be administered on Pearson VUE , a proprietary computer-based testing platform. The new test applies to

3392-474: The top library system serving populations of 500,000 or greater in 1999, 2005, and 2008. These rankings were first published in the American Libraries magazine in 1999. Since that time, CML has been listed within the top four libraries for its population size every year (note: no rankings were published in 2003 or 2007; Hennen ceased to produce this content after 2010). CML was also named Library of

3456-552: The use of Microsoft Word , Job Help Centers, and classes on basic internet skills. To attract young children and adolescent patrons to the library, CML provides Homework Help Centers at all 23 CML locations. There is also help for children who are home schooled . They also have several teen gaming nights and book groups - such the Summer Reading Challenge, "Comic Book Café," and the Manga & Anime club. Due to

3520-403: The west facade is advanced about two feet from its two wings, and features Ionic columns and pilasters, as well as a larger attic, giving the structure more prominence. The Carnegie building has 31,200 square feet. The 1991 building was designed with a marble exterior and a round-arched entrance on the north side of the west facade, echoing the design of the Carnegie building. When the building

3584-494: Was against his preference for smaller branches accessible to local working class residents. Library director John Pugh traveled to New York City and secured Carnegie's $ 150,000 donation after bonding over their similar heritage; Carnegie was Scottish and Pugh was Welsh. The donation was later increased to $ 200,000 in 1903. The site at 96 S. Grant Avenue was the location of the Judge Noah Swayne house (also known as

3648-464: Was awarded to James Westwater & Company, and the building was ready for occupancy in the fall of 1906. The building had a cost of $ 310,000; the city covered the remaining amount and agreed to pay at least $ 20,000 per year in maintenance and growth; a stipulation of Carnegie's gift. Carnegie's library was dedicated on April 4, 1907. On January 23, 1928, the City Council approved $ 30,000 to fund

3712-430: Was constructed with an axial plan; the site posed no difficulties, allowing for a simple symmetrical design. The Architectural Review praised its simple plan and elegant facades, writing "we can recollect no Renaissance building of its size more charming". Its original layout included a central hall, with a main reading room and general reference room on either side, with a stack-room at the back. The central structure of

3776-489: Was dedicated on April 4, 1907; the event included an address by the governor, as well as a message from Carnegie read by Ohio Library Association president Burton E. Stevenson. In 1921, when the City Hall building burned, the library housed the mayor and city officials until the construction of the new city hall . Since it initially opened, the library has undergone several major renovations and expansions to accommodate

3840-412: Was first expanded in 1953 and 1961, followed by a 1991 addition and the demolition of the two prior structures; the process tripled the building's size. In 2015 and 2016, another renovation took place to increase reader space, add to its west lawn, join the building to Topiary Park at its east, and clad most of the 1991 building in glass. The first public library in Columbus, the downtown reading room on

3904-483: Was initially passed over by Carnegie for funds to build a large main library, as it was against his preference for smaller branches accessible to local working class residents. Library director John Pugh traveled to New York City and secured Carnegie's $ 150,000 donation after bonding over their similar heritage; Carnegie was Scottish and Pugh was Welsh. Carnegie's secretary composed a letter stating that, “not more than one hundred and fifty thousand dollars would be spent upon

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3968-657: Was renovated in 2015–2016, most of the marble was replaced with glass curtain walls, and the round-arched entrance was replaced. The 1991 construction and 2015 renovations won the Columbus Landmarks Foundation 's James B. Recchie Design Award; the latter project beat out the National Veterans Memorial and Museum and the Michael B. Coleman Government Center in 2019. The extended library has three floors. The first floor contains

4032-631: Was suggested to be used by Carnegie, in his letter awarding his funds. Friezes atop windows on the west facade mention the classical poets Virgil and Homer ; other inscriptions credit Carnegie for funding the library and another has the Latin word "anno" followed by Roman numerals "MCMIV", meaning "the year 1904", when the cornerstone was laid. The interior of the Carnegie building has coffered ceilings and barrel vaults in its main corridors, along with dark green columns and pilasters, made with an imitation marble technique known as scagliola . The building

4096-641: Was the focus of the renovation, replacing the windowless east facade with two stories of windows overlooking Topiary Park. 80 percent of the branch's collection was moved to storage, while the rest was relocated to other branches. The renovations were scheduled to be complete by summer 2016, in time for the library to host the World Congress of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions . The 2015 renovation did not increase square footage, though it redesigned

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