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71-852: Since 2004, as part of the ongoing modernization of the Armed Forces of the Philippines , chief master sergeant has been the highest attainable rank for enlisted personnel of the Philippine Army , the Philippine Air Force , and the Philippine Marine Corps (a component of the Philippine Navy ). Above the rank is that of first chief master sergeant , also created in 2004 and bestowed on the most veteran non-commissioned officer who has served in

142-468: A wing 's mission. They resolve issues between subordinate squadrons, other groups, wing staff, and outside agencies, and they perform other duties as directed by their group commanders. The duty position of squadron senior enlisted leader is the senior enlisted advisor to a unit commander and provides the parent organization(s) with subject matter expertise on the unit's capabilities. In the Air Force,

213-831: A close working relationship with the Philippine National Police and the MILF-Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (BIAF) in the pursuit of peace in the Bangsamoro . In 2016, the AFP clashed with the Maute group on Butig on February , late May to early June, and on November of 2016. Under President Rodrigo Duterte in May 2017, the AFP thwarted the ISIS militants' attempt to establish

284-413: A defensive position—that is, an attack launched against the besiegers by the defenders. If the sortie is through a sally port , the verb to sally may be used interchangeably with to sortie . Purposes of sorties include harassment of enemy troops, destruction of siege weaponry and engineering works, joining the relief force, etc. Sir John Thomas Jones , analyzing a number of sieges carried out during

355-633: A few Spaniards in the Spanish Army, Guardia Civil, and Navy defected to the Philippine Revolutionary Army . The Spanish cession of the Philippines in the 1898 Treaty of Paris put the independence of the newly declared Southeast Asian republic in grave danger. The revolutionaries were fighting desperately as the American forces already landed in other islands and had taken over towns and villages. The Americans established

426-566: A foothold in the Philippines in the five-month-long siege to retake Marawi from militant occupation. The AFP called President Duterte to declare Martial Law under Proclamation No. 216 . Additionally, the AFP and the NTF-ELCAC were at the forefront of Duterte's intensified campaign against the communist rebellion; by the of Duterte's term, the AFP reported the reduction of NPA guerrilla fronts from 89 to 23, and only 2,000 remained of more than 25,000 "members, supporters, and sympathizers of

497-404: A group superintendent, fall under special reporting identifier coding with a 9G100 Air Force specialty code. Group superintendents provide leadership, management, and guidance in organizing, equipping, training, and mobilizing groups to meet home station and expeditionary mission requirements. Group superintendents work closely with their group commanders and command chief master sergeants to prepare

568-527: A year later, in 1987. During Corazon Aquino's administration , most of the military units remained loyal to her as she dealt with various coup attempts against her, either by military factions that remained loyal to the former dictator, or by the Reform the Armed Forces Movement . The 1989 coup attempt , the bloodiest of all coup attempts against her, was crushed with US help. Following

639-507: Is a certifying official and evaluator for weapons-loading task certifications and qualifications. The position of command chief master sergeant ( CCM ) is unique, as it is considered a rank and billet. Formerly, the billets were called senior enlisted advisors and were held by a chief master sergeant. These billets were turned into the permanent rank of command chief master sergeants in November 1998. Command chief master sergeants serve as

710-566: Is the ninth, and highest, enlisted rank in the United States Air Force and the United States Space Force , just above senior master sergeant , and is a senior non-commissioned officer rank. A chief master sergeant sometimes is referred to as a "chief." Attaining the rank of chief master sergeant is the pinnacle of an Air Force or Space Force enlisted person's career. Some chief master sergeants manage

781-409: Is the only person authorized to wear two longevity ribbons , due to the space required for the number of multiple award devices authorized. [REDACTED] Civil Air Patrol chief master sergeant insignia The Civil Air Patrol (CAP), a non-profit corporation Congressionally chartered to operate as the civilian auxiliary of the U.S. Air Force, has a quasi-military structure which includes

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852-869: The Army , the Air Force , and the Navy (including the Marine Corps ). The President of the Philippines is the Commander-in-Chief of the AFP and forms military policy with the Department of National Defense , an executive department acting as the principal organ by which military policy is carried out, while the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines serves as the overall commander and

923-626: The Hukbalahap which, still known as the "huks", were reconstituted as the Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan ("Peoples' Liberation Army")the armed wing of the Marxist–Leninist Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas of 1930 (PKP-1930). This conflict effectively ended in 1954, with the huks becoming a spent force during the presidency of Ramon Magsaysay . In 1966, an AFP battalion was also sent into South Vietnam during

994-684: The Moro National Liberation Front was formed in 1972. Meanwhile, the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) was formed in 1968, while the New People's Army (NPA), founded in 1969, grew nationwide to a 200,000 strong force. Due to what was popularly believed to be electoral fraud during the 1986 Philippine presidential election , February 1986 saw a period of uncertainty. A boycott movement and plans for massive civilian protests were in place. During

1065-622: The Moro National Liberation Front , which proclaimed the independence of the short-lived Bangsamoro Republik . After the signing of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro in 2014, the AFP has played a key part in the normalization process with the MILF, which includes "the decommissioning of MILF combatants and their weapons and the transformation of several camps into productive and resilient communities," developing

1136-605: The National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDF), and operations against local Islamic terrorists in Mindanao . The AFP has also been part of various peacekeeping operations around the world, as part of its contribution to the United Nations . At present, military service is entirely voluntary. As a result of the diminished number of active communist rebels and jihadist groups in the 2020s,

1207-677: The Pacific War in December 1941 and unable to defeat the 1941–42 Japanese invasion of the Philippines . In 1940–41, most soldiers of the Philippine military were incorporated in the U.S. Army Forces Far East (USAFFE), with MacArthur appointed as its commander. USAFFE made its last stand on Corregidor Island, after which Japanese forces were able to force all remaining Filipino and American troops to surrender. The establishment of

1278-493: The Peninsular War (1807–1814), wrote: The events of these sieges show that a bold and vigorous sortie in force might carry destruction through every part of a besieger's approaches, where the guard is injudiciously disposed and ill commanded; but that if due precautions have been observed in forming the approaches and posting the defenders, any sortie from a besieged place must be checked with loss in their advance, when

1349-611: The Philippine Constabulary in 1901 manned by Filipino fighters and used against Gen. Aguinaldo who was later captured. On April 9, 2002, Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo proclaimed that the Philippine–American War had ended on April 16, 1902, with the surrender of General Miguel Malvar . Since the beginning of American rule in the Philippines, the United States Army had taken

1420-627: The Philippine Constabulary , as well as the Intelligence Service Armed Forces of the Philippines (ISAFP). The Presidential Security Unit and the National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA) were also accused of aiding these activities. Aside from human rights abuses, these units were also accused of hounding media entities, corporate management, and opposition groups with threats, intimidation, and violence. The Marcos administration also marked

1491-600: The Vietnam War to ameliorate the economic and social conditions of its people there. AFP units were also sent at the same time to the Spratly Islands . 1963 would see the first women join the ranks of the armed forces with the raising of the Women's Auxiliary Corps. President Ferdinand Marcos sought to have a strong personal influence over the Armed Forces as soon as he became president in 1965, holding on to

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1562-536: The West Philippine Sea . Sortie A sortie (from the French word meaning exit or from Latin root surgere meaning to "rise up") is a deployment or dispatch of one military unit, be it an aircraft , ship , or troops, from a strongpoint . The term originated in siege warfare . In siege warfare , the word sortie refers specifically to a sudden sending of troops against the enemy from

1633-846: The "largest reshuffle in the history of the armed forces" when he forcibly retired fourteen of the AFP's twenty-five flag officers, including the AFP Chief of Staff, the AFP Vice Chief of Staff, the commanding general of the Philippine Army, the Chief of the Philippine Constabulary, the commanders of all four Constabulary Zones, and one third of all Provincial Commanders of the PC. Other key officers critical of Marcos, such as Commodore Ramon Alcaraz , were compelled to leave

1704-406: The 1989 coup attempt, President Aquino established a Fact-Finding Commission headed by COMELEC Chairman Hilario Davide Jr. to investigate and provide a full report on the series of coup attempts. When it came out, The Davide Commission Report recommended several short-term and long-term counter-measures, including the establishment of a civilian national police force, a crackdown on corruption in

1775-417: The AFP has been shifting its primary focus from handling internal threats such as insurgency and local terrorism to defending the Philippine territory from external threats. Pre-colonial Philippines maintained local militia groups under the barangay system. Reporting to the datu , these groups, aside from maintaining order in their communities, also served as their defense forces. With the arrival of Islam,

1846-608: The AFP launched an all-out offensive against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front , a breakaway group of the MNLF that wants to proclaim Mindanao an independent state. The AFP succeeded in capturing the MILF's main headquarters, Camp Abubakar on July 9. The AFP played a key role in the two-day Edsa Dos People Power revolt in 2001; the revolution removed Estrada from power and installed then vice-president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as president. Since 2001,

1917-686: The Air Force had been an independent service since 1947, the rank of chief master sergeant did not come into being until the authorization of the Military Pay Act of 1958 . This act established the pay grades of E-8 and E-9 in the United States armed forces , but without specifying titles for those pay grades. It was not until late 1958 that the title "chief master sergeant" and the accompanying rank insignia were adopted. The original chief master sergeant rank insignia, used from 1958 to 1994, consisted of two chevrons on top, three stripes in

1988-548: The Armed Forces of the Philippines during liberation. After Japan was defeated in World War II, the Philippines gained its independence in 1946. (This was its second independence after the Philippine Declaration of Independence in 1898). The pre-war military districts briefly continued to be used for administering the military, until they were reorganized into Military Area Commands in 1946. In 1947

2059-571: The Armed Forces of the Philippines has been active in supporting the War on terror and has been attacking terrorist groups in Mindanao ever since. In 2012, the AFP Chief of Staff said that there had been no increase in the number of soldiers over a long period, and that the military aimed to hire 30,000 troops in three years. In 2013, the AFP successfully quelled the Zamboanga City attacks of

2130-635: The Feliciano Commission in 2003. Civilian and military historians alike agree that " human rights abuses by the troops became rampant" during the Marcos administration, as documented by international monitoring entities such as Amnesty International . Units often specifically cited in these reported incidents include the Metrocom Intelligence and Security Group (MISG) , and the 5th Constabulary Security Unit (5CSU) of

2201-520: The Philippine Constabulary, and later as Armed Forces Vice Chief from 1981 to 1986. Generals loyal to Marcos were allowed to stay in their positions past their supposed retirement age, or were rewarded with civilian government posts. This led to a loss of morale among the middle-ranks of the AFP, because it meant a significant slowdown in promotions and caused many officers to retire with ranks much lower than they would otherwise have earned. Several cabals of dissatisfied officers eventually formed among

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2272-463: The Philippines. The AFP, during her term also launched a massive campaign against the CPP-NPA after a brief hiatus and also against the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) in the south. In 1991, the major services of the AFP were reduced from four to three, when the Philippine Constabulary or PC, an AFP major service tasked to enforce the law and to curb criminality, was formally merged with

2343-655: The Spanish Navy conducts maritime policing in the seas as well as providing naval logistics to the Army. The Guardia Civil took police duties and maintaining public order in villages and towns. In the early years of Spanish colonial era, most of the formations of the army were composed of conquistadors backed with native auxiliaries. By the 18th and 19th centuries, line infantry and cavalry formations were created composed of mixed Spanish and Filipino personnel, as well as volunteer battalions composed of all-Filipino volunteers during

2414-528: The Wing Weapons Manager (WWM) is a wing's focal point for all weapons loading and armament systems-related matters and serves as the functional manager for all assigned 2W1X1's. The WWM's primary efforts focus on compliance, continuity, and standardization. The WWM is a (Chief Enlisted Manager code 2W100) command master sergeant assigned directly to the MXG/CC. Weapons activities required to support

2485-585: The aforementioned service branches. The rank of chief master sergeant stands above that of senior master sergeant . The equivalent naval rating is that of master chief petty officer . Insignia of CMS in the PMC is straight rockers for non-command NCOs and curved for command NCOs. As of February 8, 2019, a new ranking classification for the Philippine National Police was adopted, eliminating confusion among previous ranks. The enabling law for

2556-440: The approaches are still distant; or when the approaches are near, should a sortie succeed in pushing into them by a sudden rush, the assailants must inevitably be driven out again in a moment, with terrible slaughter. In military aviation , a sortie is an aircraft flight or mission (training or combat), starting when the aircraft takes off. For example, one mission involving six aircraft would tally six sorties. The sortie rate of

2627-618: The army and reorganized into a national police force. The administration of the military throughout the islands was divided into ten "military districts." MacArthur expanded the Army of the Philippines with the revival of the Navy in 1940 and the formation of the Philippine Army Air Corps (formerly the Philippine Constabulary Air Corps), but they were not ready for combat at the start of

2698-725: The beginnings of at least two long-running conflicts that continued to plague later administrations: the Moro conflict and the New People's Army conflict. The Moro conflict , began in earnest in 1968 when short-lived organizations such as the Muslim Independence Movement and the Bangsamoro Liberation Organization formed in reaction to news about the Jabidah Massacre , with many of their forces eventually coalescing as

2769-521: The chaos, the Reform the Armed Forces Movement headed by then Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile decided to stage a military coup against Marcos. The plot was uncovered, however, and the forces involved became trapped in Camp Aguinaldo in Quezon City . They then sought and received the support of Philippine Constabulary chief and AFP vice-chief of staff Lt. General Fidel V. Ramos in

2840-401: The command's mission and operations, and the readiness, training, utilization, morale, technical, professional development, and quality of life of all enlisted members in the organization. Command chiefs hold a reporting identifier of 9E000. CCMs provide leadership to the enlisted force and are the functional managers for group superintendents and first sergeants in their organizations. Although

2911-465: The country's Integrated National Police , a national police force on the cities and municipalities in the country attached to the PC to become the Philippine National Police , thus removing it from AFP control and it was civilianized by a law passed by Congress, therefore becoming under the Department of the Interior and Local Government as a result. In 2000, on President Joseph Estrada 's orders,

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2982-656: The distinction of being the "Father" of the Philippine Marine Corps . During the Korean War from 1951 to 1953, the Philippines sent various AFP battalions, known as the Philippine Expeditionary Forces to Korea (PEFTOK) to fight as part of the US-led United Nations Command in liberating South Korea from the invading North Korean troops. Throughout this time, the AFP had been in conflict with various elements of

3053-407: The efforts of all enlisted personnel within their unit or major subsection while others run major staff functions at higher headquarters levels. All chief master sergeants are expected to serve as mentors for non-commissioned officers and junior enlisted members, and to serve as advisers to unit commanders and senior officers. By federal law, no more than 1.25% of the Air Force enlisted force may hold

3124-474: The election results, a large crowd was able to gather and prevent Marcos' forces from attacking camps Aguinaldo and Crame. This civilian uprising, which would come to be known as the People Power Revolution , led to various units of the AFP refusing orders to fire on the camps and the civilians protecting them, and led to the removal Marcos from power. Corazon Aquino was then installed as

3195-480: The enlisted force to best execute mission requirements. They manage and direct resource activities as well as interpret and enforce policies and applicable directives. They also establish control procedures to meet mission goals and standards. Additionally, they recommend or initiate actions to improve organizational effectiveness and efficiency as well as ensure that the management of personnel and resources are consistent with current practices and procedures in support of

3266-441: The first sergeant is responsible for the morale, welfare, and conduct of all the enlisted members in a squadron and is the chief adviser to the squadron commander concerning the enlisted force. While neither the Air Force or Space Force has a permanent first sergeant rank, those who hold these positional billets are senior to their non-diamond counterparts. In the Air Force, group senior enlisted leaders (SEL), formerly known as

3337-572: The general headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army are military station went to the province during the occupation. Those who survived the invasion but escaped from the Japanese formed the basis of recognized guerrilla units and ongoing local military force of the Philippine Commonwealth Army that continued the fighting against the enemy all over the islands. The Philippine Constabulary went on active service under

3408-701: The generation of peacetime training sorties generally do not reinforce primary combat skills. Therefore, the WWM plays a key role in ensuring that the unit is able to produce combat-loaded aircraft. The WWM is charged with providing technical and managerial advice to senior leaders in matters of weapons loading and armament systems. The WWM coordinates with the Aircraft Maintenance Squadrons, Weapons Sections, Armament Flight, Wing Safety, Wing Weapons and Tactics Officer, Munitions Squadron/Flight, and other unit agencies on weapons-related matters. The WWM

3479-422: The highest-ranking officer in the AFP. Founded under the National Defense Act of 1935 , while tracing its roots to the Philippine Revolutionary Army , the AFP has played an integral part in the country's history. The AFP has also been involved in various conflicts, such as combatting rebellion against the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its attached organizations, the New People's Army (NPA) and

3550-416: The later half of the 19th Century. Units from other colonies were also levied to augment the existing formations in the Philippines. Almost all of the formations of the Spanish Army in the archipelago participated in the local religious uprisings between 17th and 19th centuries, and in the Philippine Revolution in 1896 fighting against the revolutionary forces. At the peak of the revolution, some Filipinos and

3621-442: The middle, and three rockers on the bottom. Until his retirement in 2003, Chief Master Sergeant Norman Marous was the Air Force's most senior chief master sergeant, having served in the Air Force since 1962. Marous left active duty in 1967 to spend 22 years in the United States Air Force Reserve and National Guard before returning to active duty as a chief master sergeant in 1989. He retired in 2003 with 41½ years of service. He

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3692-403: The middle-ranks of the AFP, most notably the Reform the Armed Forces Movement in the early 1980s. The Marcos administration is thus considered to have marked a decline for AFP in terms of its traditional values of civilian supremacy and professionalism, leading to a need for security sector reform during later administrations, as per the recommendations of the Davide Commission in 1990 and

3763-454: The military organization and patronize the generals to buy their loyalty." Marcos oversaw a significant expansion of the AFP, which grew from a force of 57,100 in 1971 to a 97.89 percent increase of 113,000 personnel in 1976 - a significant increase of over a five-year period. He also increased the military budget from P880 million in 1972 to P4 billion in 1976. Marcos also instituted the AFP Self Reliance Defense Posture (SRDP) program, which

3834-423: The military, a performance review of appointive government officials, reforms in the process of military promotions, a review of election laws in time for the 1992 presidential elections, and a definitive statement on the part of Aquino on whether she intended to run for re-election in 1992. The publication of the recommendations of the report is considered one of the key starting points of security sector reform in

3905-410: The modern AFP first emerged with the upgrade of the PAAC to the Philippine Air Force . 1950 saw the creation of the Philippine Marine Corps , a naval infantry force under the command of the Philippine Navy, after then-Defense Secretary Ramon Magsaysay ordered Commodore Ramon Alcaraz to go to study the organization of the U.S. Marines. Alcaraz recommended the creation of the new service, earning him

3976-401: The neighboring Camp Crame , but even with Ramos' defection, their forces were trapped in the two neighboring camps. Manila's Catholic Archbishop, Jaime Sin , went on Radio Veritas and called for people to go to the section of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue in between the two camps and help protect the rebel forces. Since civilian groups were already planning massive protests in relation to

4047-422: The new president of the Philippines. Shortly after midnight on February 26, five army trucks of troops under the command of Fidel Ramos arrived in Malacañang Palace to secure it after Ferdinand Marcos had left, and various individuals had entered it, marking the end of Marcos' reign, and placing the palace under the control of the Provisional Government of the Philippines until a new constitution could be enacted

4118-486: The portfolio of defense secretary in the first thirteen months of his presidency to develop what scholars have noted to be "a patronage system within the defense establishment." The portfolio afforded him direct interaction with the AFP's leadership, and to have a hand in the AFP's day-to-day operationalization. Upon the declaration of martial law in 1972, Marcos used the AFP as what the Davide Commission Report would later call his "martial law implementor," and "one of

4189-427: The rank of chief master sergeant. The E-9 pay grade of first sergeant is a special duty rank held by a senior enlisted member of a military unit who reports directly to the unit commander or deputy commander of operations. This positional billet is held by a chief master sergeant and is denoted on the rank insignia by a lozenge (known colloquially as a "diamond"). Often referred to as the "first shirt", or "shirt",

4260-429: The rank of chief master sergeant. It is the most senior CAP enlisted rank. Former military enlisted personnel who held the rank of chief master sergeant may retain that rank as members of the CAP. Armed Forces of the Philippines The Armed Forces of the Philippines ( AFP ) ( Filipino : Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas ) are the military forces of the Philippines . It consists of three main service branches;

4331-404: The ranking is Republic Act 11200 which was signed by President Rodrigo Duterte , amending the section of the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990 that refers to the ranking classification of the Philippine National Police. The rank stands above that of police senior master sergeant and below police executive master sergeant. Chief master sergeant (abbreviated as CMSgt )

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4402-436: The responsibility for the defense of the country in the land, and the United States Navy in the seas until the passage of the National Defense Act of 1935 which called for a separate defense force for the Philippines. In accordance with the National Defense Act of 1935 , the Armed Forces of the Philippines was officially established on December 21, 1935, when the act entered into force. Retired U.S. General Douglas MacArthur

4473-474: The senior enlisted advisors to commanders at key levels of command; these include wings, numbered air forces , field operating agencies , and major commands . In a joint command , when an Air Force Chief fills a United States Department of Defense -nominated Command senior enlisted advisor position (see note), that individual is also designated as a "command chief." Command chiefs advise their unit commanders on all enlisted matters, including all issues affecting

4544-492: The service. In their place, Marcos appointed officers from his home region, the Ilocos, the most significant of whom had familial connections to Marcos – ensuring their familial and regionalistic loyalties to him. Among the most prominent such appointments were that of General Fabian Ver as commander of the Presidential Security Command in 1965, and AFP chief of staff in 1981; Juan Ponce Enrile as Secretary of Defense from 1970 to 1986; and General Fidel Ramos as chief for

4615-410: The system of defense forces in the Mindanao region's sultanates under Muslim control mirrored those other existing sultanates in the region. These local warriors who were in the service of the Sultan were also responsible to qualified male citizens appointed by him. During the Spanish colonial period, the Spanish Army was responsible for the defense and general order of the archipelago in the land, while

4686-406: The title of Field Marshal on MacArthur in a ceremony at Malacañan Palace on August 24, 1936, when he appeared with a gold marshal's baton and a unique uniform. The Army of the Philippines included naval and air assets directly reporting to Army headquarters, and the Philippine Constabulary, later part of the ground forces proper as a division. In 1938 the Constabulary Division was separated from

4757-416: The underground movement". In 2024, the number of active communist rebels in the NPA reached a low of 1,500, with the AFP aiming to neutralize them by the end of the year. As a result of the development, the AFP under the Bongbong Marcos administration has been shifting its focus away from handling internal threats towards defending Philippine territory from external threats such as China's encroachment in

4828-410: The vital supports of the regime." Upon the announcement of Martial Law in 1972, one of their earliest tasks was that of quickly arresting and containing Marcos' political opponents, and Marcos' hold on power was effectively broken once enough of the Military withdrew their support from him in February 1986. Antonio Parlade notes that to get the military to ensure their cooperation, Marcos "had to expand

4899-410: Was asked to supervise its foundation and training. MacArthur accepted the offer and became a Field Marshal of the Philippines, a rank no other person has since held. Jean MacArthur , his wife, found the situation amusing and remarked that her husband had gone from holding the highest rank in the United States Army to holding the highest rank in a non-existent army. President Quezon officially conferred

4970-506: Was given many functions aside from its task of national defense, including assisting in the implementation of price controls imposed on key products like corn and rice, enforcing the rules of the national corn procurement program, assisting in the collection of rural and government bank loans, implementing the agrarian reform law, and various police functions such as collecting unlicensed firearms and enforcing curfews, and suppressing strikes, rallies, and other demonstrations. Marcos carried out

5041-415: Was supposed to enable the AFP to construct its own weapons, tanks, armored vehicles, ships, gunboats, and aircraft locally instead of buying from foreign sources. This included " Project Santa Barbara " under the Philippine Navy, which saw the testing of the Bongbong II MLRS - named after Marcos' son - in 1972. However, the project was discontinued before the Marcos administration ended. The military

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