The lyceum movement was a loose collection of adult education programs that flourished in the mid-19th century in the United States , particularly in the Northeast and Midwest , that were inspired by the classical Lyceum . Some of these organizations lasted until the early 20th century.
64-639: The lyceums, mechanics’ institutes , and agriculture organizations like The Grange flourished in the U.S. before and after the Civil War . They were important in the development of adult education in America. During this period hundreds of informal associations were established for the purpose of improving the social, intellectual, and moral fabric of society. The lyceum movement featured lectures, dramatic performances, class instructions, and debates, by noted lecturers, entertainers and readers. They would travel
128-681: A charge of blasphemy. In Australia, the first mechanics' institute was established in Hobart in 1827, followed by the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts in 1833, Newcastle School of Arts in 1835, then the Melbourne Mechanics' Institute established in 1839 (renamed the Melbourne Athenaeum in 1872 ). From the 1850s, mechanics' institutes quickly spread throughout Victoria wherever a hall, library or school
192-530: A commercial office block, but was instead leased to the university in 1965, and has been used as an academic building ever since. The Architecture Building , completed in 1967, was designed by Frank Fielden and Associates, Frank Fielden being the Professor of Architecture in the Architecture School at the time. In 2012, Historic Scotland granted Listed Building Status (grade B) to it, along with
256-575: A long tradition of interacting with national and global media organizations, governments, parliaments and international organizations such as the EU and OECD. Political science therefore takes 1st place in Scotland in the terms of research intensity. According to URAP Center Ranking, which has been publishing annual rankings since 2010 for each subject, the University of Strathclyde is constantly included in
320-537: A quarterly subscription fee. This new model of technical educational institution gave classes for working men, and included libraries as well as apparatus to be used for experiments and technical education. Its purpose was to "address societal needs by incorporating fundamental scientific thinking and research into engineering solutions". The school revolutionised access to education in science and technology for ordinary people. The first mechanics' institute in England
384-735: A result of Robbins Report. The University of Strathclyde was the UK's first technological university, reflecting its history, teaching and research in technological education. Between the granting of the Charter and the late 1970s, the university expanded rapidly in size, in tandem with the ongoing regeneration of the Townhead area of the city where the campus is located. In 1993, the university incorporated Jordanhill College of Education . The university grew from approximately 4,000 full-time students in 1964 to over 20,000 students by 2003, when it celebrated
448-620: A serious fire resulted in many rooms being unusable. University of Strathclyde Students' Association was founded in 1964 out of the merger of the respective student unions of both the Royal College and the Scottish College of Commerce and was located at 90 John Street, which was constructed by the Royal College in 1959. It remained the home of the Association until August 2021, when it moved into new accommodation within
512-1259: A single campus by disposing of the entire Jordanhill site and constructing a new building for the Faculty of Education on the John Anderson campus. Strathclyde is the only Scottish university that offers the IET Power Academy engineering scholarships to its engineering students. The university is highly ranked among the top 10 in the UK in various subjects according to the Complete University Guide 2019, namely being 1st for Accounting & Finance; 1st for Social Policy; 1st for Aural & Oral Sciences; 1st for Communication & Media Studies; 1st for Pharmacology and Pharmacy; 1st for Medical Technology; 1st for Hospitality, Leisure, Recreation & Tourism; 2nd for Marketing; 2nd for Forensic Science; 5th for Architecture; 5th for English; 6th for Business & Management Studies; 6th for Electrical & Electronic Engineering; 7th for Chemical Engineering; 8th for Civil Engineering; 8th for General Engineering and 9th for Mechanical Engineering. According to
576-634: A £6.7 million funding from the European Regional Development Fund and another £26 million from the Scottish Government . The university itself supplied the other £57 million needed to reach its £89 million budget needed to create the centre. In addition to the Technology and Innovation Centre, a 5,000 m (54,000 sq ft) Industry Engagement Building is located adjacent to
640-488: Is a 5-star QS-rated university. The university is one of the 39 old universities in the UK comprising the distinctive Cluster Two of elite universities after Oxbridge . A detailed study published in 2015 by Vikki Boliver has shown among the Old universities, Oxford and Cambridge emerge as an elite tier, whereas the remaining 22 Russell Group universities are undifferentiated from 17 other prestigious Old universities (including
704-859: Is in the UK's top 10 (2020). According to Times Higher Education, the University of Strathclyde was placed 76th best in law globally among universities in 2018. QS World University Rankings 2018 placed the university among the top 25 internationally for Hospitality & Leisure Management, 51–100 for Pharmacy, 51–100 for Business & Management, 101–150 for Electrical & Electronic Engineering, 101–150 for Architecture, 101–150 for Education, 151–200 for Accounting & Finance, 151–200 for Law, 151–200 for Civil & Structural Engineering, 151–200 for Mechanical Engineering, 201–250 for Chemical Engineering, 201–250 for Physics and Astronomy, 251–300 for Sociology, 251–300 for Economics, 251–300 for Materials Sciences, 301–350 for Mathematics and 301–350 for Computer Science & Information Systems. The University of Strathclyde
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#1732772208536768-568: Is located in the centre of Glasgow, near George Square . Till 2012, the university operated an education campus in the suburb of Jordanhill , at the site of the previous Jordanhill Teacher Training College which it disposed of and relocated to a new building in the John Anderson Campus. In January 2012, The university's Court also endorsed the recommendation of the Estates Steering Group that Strathclyde moves to
832-482: Is located mostly within the Townhead district, on the north-eastern side of Glasgow city centre, with some buildings located slightly south of this in the Merchant City area. The campus grew initially from the massive Royal College Building on George Street, which was originally the location of the former Anderson's Institution. Work started in 1903 and completed in 1912, it was partially opened in 1910 and at
896-562: Is placed in the top 20 of European business schools in the Financial Times Global MBA Rankings. In this regard, QS World University Ranking placed Strathclyde among 51–100 best universities in business management. Strathclyde Master's programs take 36th place globally in marketing, 51st place globally in business analysis and 55th globally in management, according to QS World University Ranking in 2020. The University School of Government and Public Policy has
960-464: Is ranked in the top ten universities in Britain in the subject Politics according to the Complete University Guide 2022. The university also ranked second in 2019 on social policy and administration in the national ranking according to The Guardian . Times Higher Education (THE) placed History at Strathclyde 9th for research intensity in a field of 83 UK universities in the 2014 REF. Strathclyde
1024-921: Is the oldest school of arts still operating and the largest institute in Australia. Others in NSW include the Moruya Mechanics' Institute and the Scone School of Arts . In South Australia , the South Australian Institute (1838, then 1847–), was the forerunner of the State Library of South Australia , the South Australian Museum , and the Art Gallery of South Australia . The first institute in
1088-688: The Andersonian Institute in Glasgow. His fourth annual lecture attracted a crowd of 500, and became an annual occurrence after his departure for London in 1804, leading to the eventual formation on 16 October 1821 of the first mechanics' institute in Edinburgh , the Edinburgh School of Arts (later Heriot-Watt University ). Its first lecture was on chemistry , and within a month it was subscribed to by 452 men who each paid
1152-487: The Andersonian Institute , it is Glasgow's second-oldest university, having received its royal charter in 1964 as the first technological university in the United Kingdom. Taking its name from the historic Kingdom of Strathclyde , its combined enrollment of 25,000 undergraduate and graduate students ranks it Scotland's third-largest university , drawn with its staff from over 100 countries. The annual income of
1216-861: The Australian colonies , Mechanics' Institutes were often called Schools of Arts, and they were more likely to be run by the middle-classes. The provision of reading rooms, museums, lectures and classes were still important, but the Australian schools were also more likely to include a social programme in their calendar of events. The earliest and most prominent institute in Tasmania was Van Diemen's Land Mechanics' Institution , also known as Hobart Town Mechanics' Institute, Hobart (1827–1871), co-founded by George Augustus Robinson . The Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts (1833), in Sydney , New South Wales ,
1280-588: The Wolfson Centre designed by Morris and Steedman Architects. 2012 also saw the 20th Century Society select the Architecture Building as their 'Building of the Month' for September due to its cultural significance and enduring appeal. Meanwhile, a new biomedical sciences building was opened in early 2010. It was designed by Shepparrd Robson, and aims to bring the multi-faceted disciplines of
1344-541: The colony of Victoria was the Melbourne Mechanics' Institute , created in 1839. It was renamed The Melbourne Athenaeum in 1872, and continues to operate a library, theatres and shops in the original building. Many mechanics' institutes, athenaeums, schools of arts and related institutions in the state of Victoria are well documented by the Mechanics' Institutes of Victoria, Inc., whose members range from
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#17327722085361408-488: The scintillation counter ), the Royal College gained University Status, receiving its Royal Charter to become The University of Strathclyde in 1964, merging with the Scottish College of Commerce at the same time. Contrary to popular belief, The University of Strathclyde was not created as a result of the Robbins Report – the decision to grant the Royal College university status had been made in 1962 but delayed as
1472-686: The "Strathclyde Wonderwall", one of the biggest wall murals in the United Kingdom. The early 1960s also saw the fruition of a collaborative deal between the then Royal College and the Corporation of Glasgow to regenerate the Richmond Street site opposite the main buildings. This led to the construction of the McCance Building and the Livingstone Tower between 1962 and 1964, the latter having originally been designed as
1536-510: The "lyceum circuit," going from town to town or state to state to entertain, speak, or debate in a variety of locations, never staying in one place for too long. Their appearances were open to the public, which caused them to contribute significantly to the education of the adult American in the 19th century. The first American lyceum, " Millbury Branch Number 1 of the American Lyceum," was founded by Josiah Holbrook in 1826. Holbrook
1600-529: The 100th anniversary of the laying of the foundation stone of the original Royal College building. In recognition of its founder, and the loss of association with his name, the university named its city centre campus the John Anderson Campus in. . In July 2015, Her Majesty The Queen opened the University of Strathclyde Technology and Innovation Centre (TIC). The John Anderson Campus
1664-773: The Anderson Collection (the personal library of John Anderson, 1726–1796, natural philosopher), plus over 30 other collections spanning the 16th to the 21st centuries. The University of Strathclyde Technology and Innovation Centre is a centre for technological research. The construction of this centre began in March 2012 and was completed in March 2015. The nine-storey, steel-framed building can accommodate around 1,200 workers from numerous fields, including engineering, researching and project management. It includes open plan space for offices, three lecture theatres and areas for specialist laboratory equipment. The project secured
1728-904: The Complete University Guide 2024, the university was ranked in the Top 10 for 12 subjects, including 1st in Forensic Science; 2nd in Creative Writing; 9th in Education; 10th in Speech and Language Therapy; and 10th in Manufacturing and Production Engineering. In the 2024 league table published by The Guardian, Strathclyde ranked in the Top 10 for Civil Engineering (3rd); Sociology and Social Policy (4th); Sports Science (5th); Politics (6th); Health professions (6th); and Hospitality, event management and tourism (10th). The university
1792-630: The Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College was formed, becoming the Royal Technical College in 1912, and the Royal College of Science and Technology in 1956 concentrating on science and engineering teaching and research. Undergraduate students could qualify for degrees of the University of Glasgow or the equivalent Associate of the Royal College of Science and Technology (ARCST). Under Principal Samuel Curran , internationally respected nuclear physicist (and inventor of
1856-685: The Global Industry-Academia Cooperation Programme, funded by South Korea's Ministry of Knowledge and Economics. In 2012 the university became a key partner in its second UK Catapult Centre. Plans for the Catapult Centre for Offshore Renewable Energy were announced at Strathclyde by Business Secretary Vince Cable . The university has also become a partner in the Industrial Doctorate Centre for Offshore Renewable Energy, which
1920-504: The Institute together under one roof. Sited on Cathedral Street in Glasgow, the 8,000 m (86,000 sq ft) building is the gateway to the university campus and city centre from the motorway. In 1973, the university reached an agreement with the publisher William Collins, Sons to purchase its former printing works along Cathedral Street and St James's Road. Three buildings from the site were ultimately retained – most notably
1984-533: The Jordanhill campus—until 2012, when the Jordanhill campus was closed and relocated to the John Anderson Campus. The Andersonian Library is the principal library of the University of Strathclyde. Established in 1796, it is one of the largest of its type in Scotland. It is situated in the Curran Building, a former warehouse and printing works built by William Collins, Sons in 1960, but purchased by
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2048-550: The Mechanics' Institute. He was appointed director of the institute, which he had originally endowed with the sum of £3700, and held the office till his death in 1841. The London Mechanics' Institute (later Birkbeck College ) was opened in December 1823, and the mechanics' institutes in Ipswich and Manchester (later to become UMIST ) in 1824. By the mid-19th century, there were over 700 institutes in towns and cities across
2112-437: The Mechanics' Worldwide Conference, of representatives of, or people who have an interest in, mechanics' institutes. As of 2021, there have been five such conferences: Thousands of mechanics' institutes buildings still operate throughout the world, mostly now used as libraries, parts of universities, adult education facilities, and a few still use their original names and function as a society or other type of organisation. In
2176-701: The Perth Literary Institute. In Queensland , the Brisbane School of Arts was created in 1873, in a former servants' home. The building was added to the Queensland Heritage Register in 1992. Over time, as local and state governments started providing libraries, community centres and other types of educational facilities, mechanics' institutes became less important in communities. (alphabetical order by town or city) In addition, each state and territory in
2240-460: The TIC building. Research carried out in the Technology and Innovation Centre is in the fields of: Advanced Engineering and Manufacturing, Advanced Science and Technology, Bionanotechnology, Business Engagement, Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation (CMAC), Energy, Health Technologies at Strathclyde, Human and Social Aspects of Technology, Photonics and Sensors, and Asset Management. The TIC hosts
2304-493: The UK and overseas, some of which became the early roots of other colleges and universities. For example, the University of Gloucestershire , has the Cheltenham Mechanics' Institute (1834) and Gloucester Mechanics' Institute (1840) within its history timeline. It was as a result of delivering a lecture series at the Cheltenham Mechanics' Institute that the radical George Holyoake was arrested and then convicted on
2368-820: The UK's first Fraunhofer research centre, the Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics and TIC also plays a major role in Scotland's International Technology and Renewable Energy Zone (ITREZ). The university currently consists of four main faculties categorised based on subjects and academic fields that they deal with and each faculty is sub-divided into several departments which deal with specific academic and research areas. They are: The university delivered teaching to 24,330 full-time and part-time students in 2022/23: 16,115 undergraduates and 8,215 postgraduates. Another 34,000 people take part in continuing education and professional development programmes. The university's main campus, John Anderson Campus ,
2432-644: The US has at least one land grant university that includes a college of agriculture and a college of engineering, as provided for by the Morrill Land-Grant Acts to teach agriculture, military tactics, and the mechanic arts as well as classical studies. Andersonian Institute The University of Strathclyde ( Scottish Gaelic : Oilthigh Shrath Chluaidh ) is a public research university located in Glasgow , Scotland. Founded in 1796 as
2496-443: The University of Strathclyde from 1796 to the present day. Includes the records of the university's predecessor institutions as well as the papers of many former staff and students and associated organisations. Deposited Archives A diverse range of archives which have been acquired by gift or deposit to support the university's teaching and research. Special Collections Rare or significant printed material and books, including
2560-565: The University of Strathclyde) which form the second cluster. In 2011 the university's Advanced Forming Research Centre was announced as a leading partner in the first UK-wide Technology Strategy Board Catapult Centre. The Government also announced that the university is to lead the UK-wide EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation. The university has become
2624-497: The area. By 1974, thirteen new buildings were erected on what would grow to a 25-acre site. The new Engineering Block, built in 1956 was the first major expansion of the Royal College, and was extended in 1963 in tandem with the construction of the new Chemistry Block. These buildings would be named the James Weir Building and Thomas Graham Building respectively. The former was refurbished and reopened in 2014 after
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2688-468: The base for the first Fraunhofer Centre to be established in the UK. Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft , Europe's largest organisation for contract research, is creating the new Fraunhofer Centre for Applied Photonics in collaboration with Strathclyde, for research in sectors including healthcare, security, energy and transport. Strathclyde was chosen in 2012 as the exclusive European partner university for South Korea's global research and commercialisation programme –
2752-842: The country, as far south as Florida and west as Detroit, Michigan . Transcendentalists such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau endorsed the movement and gave speeches at many local lyceums. As a young man, Abraham Lincoln gave a speech to a Lyceum in Springfield, Illinois . After the American Civil War , lyceums were increasingly used as a venue for travelling entertainers, such as vaudeville and minstrel shows . They were also still used for public speeches and lectures. Notable public figures such as Susan B. Anthony , Elizabeth Cady Stanton , Victoria Woodhull , Anna Dickinson , Josiah Gilbert Holland , Mark Twain , and William Lloyd Garrison , all spoke at lyceums in
2816-491: The demand and need for members to use the books. Some mechanics' institutes also offered a programme from the arts; Wisbech Mechanics' institute booked Mrs Butler to give readings from Shakespeare 's plays and Milton 's Paradise Lost to audiences of nearly a thousand. G. Jefferson explains: The first phase, the Mechanics Institute movement, grew in an atmosphere of interest by a greater proportion of
2880-525: The former Colville Building on Richmond Street. The Graham Hills Building was originally an office block known as 'Marland House', built by the General Post Office and completed in 1959 for the GPO's Telephones division and other governmental organisations but was acquired by the university in 1987 from British Telecom and converted for academic use in the early 1990s. It is now the location of
2944-485: The giant warehouse which became the Curran Building and Andersonian Library . The University of Strathclyde Centre for Sports, Health and Wellbeing is a leisure facility undergoing construction situated adjacent to 100 Cathedral Street. Construction began in November 2016 and completed in 2019. Since taking over Jordanhill College of Education in 1993, the university operated two campuses—The John Anderson Campus and
3008-474: The good of mankind and the improvement of science, a place of useful learning". Beginning as the Andersonian Institute, the school changed its name in 1828 to Anderson's University, partially fulfilling Anderson's vision of having a second university in the city of Glasgow. The name was changed in 1887, to reflect the lack of legal standing for the use of the title of 'university'. As a result,
3072-531: The granting of the Royal Charter and the Royal College gaining university status in 1964, the campus grew quickly in size. The Corporation of Glasgow had already rezoned what had been a densely populated residential and industrial area for educational use as part of the Townhead "Comprehensive Development Area" (CDA) and by the time of the foundation of the university, slum clearances has already begun In
3136-617: The grounds that they would ultimately benefit from having more knowledgeable and skilled employees. The mechanics' institutes often included libraries for the adult working class , and were said to provide them with an alternative pastime to gambling and drinking in pubs. Many of the original institutes included lending libraries , and the buildings of some continue to be used as libraries. Others have evolved into parts of universities, adult education facilities, theatres, cinemas, museums, recreational facilities, or community halls. Few are still referred to as mechanics' institutes, but some retain
3200-418: The inadequate old apprentice system and threw into relief the connection between material advancement and the necessity of education to take part in its advantages. Across the world, there is a move to sustain and revive mechanics' institutes and related institutions as subscription libraries , sometimes incorporating or expanding their earlier functions. There have been several worldwide conferences, known as
3264-471: The institution for 2022–23 was £487.4 million of which £115.8 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £402.3 million. The university was founded in 1796 through the will of John Anderson , professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Glasgow . He left the majority of his estate to create a second university in Glasgow which would focus on "Useful Learning" – specializing in practical subjects – "for
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#17327722085363328-472: The late 19th century. Mechanics%27 Institutes Mechanics' institutes , also known as mechanics' institutions , sometimes simply known as institutes , and also called schools of arts (especially in the Australian colonies ), were educational establishments originally formed to provide adult education , particularly in technical subjects, to working men in Victorian-era Britain and its colonies . They were often funded by local industrialists on
3392-428: The name and focus as centre of intellectual and cultural advancement. A 21st-century movement, originating in Victoria, Australia , has organised a series of conferences known as Mechanics' Institutes Worldwide Conferences, at which information and ideas for the future of mechanics' institutes are discussed. The foundations of the movement which created mechanics' institutes were in lectures given by George Birkbeck at
3456-433: The population in scientific matters revealed in the public lectures of famous scientists such as Faraday. More precisely, as a consequence of the introduction of machinery a class workmen emerged to build, maintain and repair, the machines on which the blessing of progress depended, at a time when population shifts and the dissolving influences of industrialization in the new urban areas, where these were concentrated, destroyed
3520-438: The time was the largest educational building in Europe for technical education. Originally built as the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College Building, it now houses Bioscience , Chemistry , and Electronic and Electrical Engineering. In the mid-1950s, campus expansion began with the construction of the Engineering Block (James Weir Building), Chemistry Block (Thomas Graham Building) and Student's Union buildings. Following
3584-538: The top 120 global universities in politics. In 2013, QS World University Ranking placed Strathclyde among 101–150 best global universities in politics and international relations. In 2020, ARWU ranked Strathclyde in the 101–150 best Political Science universities. Ever since ARWU began to publish a separate subject ranking on Public Administration, Strathclyde has consistently ranked internationally among 76–100 best universities in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. According to The Complete University Guide, Strathclyde Law School
3648-531: The university in the mid-1970s and converted for academic use between 1978 and 1981. Situated over 5 floors at present, the Andersonian Library has more than 2,000 reader places, 450 computer places and extensive wi-fi zones for laptop use. It has around one million print volumes as well as access to over 540,000 electronic books, 239 databases and over 38,000 e-journals that can be used 24/7 from any suitably enabled computer. The archives are divided into 3 as follows. University Archives The official records of
3712-426: The well-resourced Melbourne Athenaeum to the tiny Moonambel Mechanics' Institute in Moonambel . In the following decades, almost every town in Victoria had a mechanics' institute, usually including a hall, library and reading rooms, games facilities, and both educational programs and entertainment. The first Western Australian institute was the Swan River Mechanics' Institute , established in 1851, later renamed
3776-424: The world. Beyond a lending library , mechanics' institutes also provided lecture courses, laboratories, and in some cases contained a museum for the members' entertainment and education. The Glasgow Institute, founded in 1823, not only had all three, it was also provided free light on two evenings a week from the local gas light company . The London Mechanics' Institute installed gas illumination by 1825, revealing
3840-434: Was a traveling lecturer and teacher who believed that education was a lifelong experience, and intended to create a National American Lyceum organization that would oversee this method of teaching. Other educators adopted the lyceum format but were not interested in organizing, so this idea was ultimately dropped. The Lyceum Movement reached the peak of its popularity in the antebellum era . Public Lyceums were set up around
3904-423: Was needed. Over 1200 mechanics' institutes were built in Victoria and just over 500 remain today, and only six still operate their lending library services. The Industrial Revolution created a new class of reader in Britain by the end of the 18th century, "mechanics", who were civil and mechanical engineers in reality. The Birmingham Brotherly Society was founded in 1796 by local mechanics to fill this need, and
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#17327722085363968-545: Was opened at Liverpool in July 1823. The second institute in Scotland was incorporated in Glasgow in November 1823, built on the foundations of a group started by Birkbeck. Under the auspices of the Andersonian Institute , where Birkbeck had been chair of natural philosophy from 1799 to 1804 and instituted free lectures on arts, science and technical subjects from 1800. This mechanics' class continued to meet after he moved to London in 1804, and in 1823 they decided to formalise their organisation by incorporating themselves as
4032-468: Was the Birmingham Artisans' Library, formed in 1823. Some mechanics' libraries lasted only a decade or two, and many eventually became public libraries or (in the United States) were given to local public libraries after the Public Libraries Act 1850 passed. Though use of the mechanics' libraries was limited, the majority of the users were favourable towards the idea of free public libraries. However, by 1900 there were over 9,000 mechanics institutes around
4096-465: Was the forerunner of mechanics' institutes, which grew in England to over seven hundred in number by 1850. Small tradesmen and workers could not afford subscription libraries, so for their benefit, benevolent groups and individuals created mechanics' institutes that contained inspirational and vocational reading matter, for a small rental fee. Later popular non-fiction and fiction books were added to these collections. The first known library of this type
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