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30-618: The old main building of the library is located in Fiolstræde in central Copenhagen. It was designed by Johan Daniel Herholdt and completed in 1861. A second library, known as the Copenhagen University Library North ( 55°41′50″N 12°33′39″E  /  55.6971°N 12.5608°E  / 55.6971; 12.5608  ( Copenhagen University Library North ) ), is located in Nørre Allé and

60-654: A corner of Marsilius of Padua 's Defensor pacis . Fragments of the grenades are now exhibited in the Exhibition Hall on the first floor of the current University Library building in Fiolstræde. Up through the 19th century it became clear that the library's premises in the Trinitatis Complex were outdated. They had become too small and the unusual access along the Round Tower's helical corridor

90-468: A monument to the geophysicist Inge Lehmann . It was unveiled on 15 May 2017. Today pedestrian traffic is consistent throughout the year due to the presence of students during winter (about 11-12,000 people daily). However, it is a quiet street on weekends and evenings. 55°40′53″N 12°34′21″E  /  55.68139°N 12.57250°E  / 55.68139; 12.57250 Architectural competition An architectural design competition

120-648: A new building at Nørre Allé to serve the Faculties of Science and Medicine . In 1989, the University Library's First Department, serving theology, the humanities and social sciences, was merged with the Royal Library. As of 1 January 2006, the University's Second Department was also merged with the Royal Library and changed its name to Copenhagen University Library North . Officially, the name

150-511: A rounded corner on Nørre Voldgade was built for the School of Merchantry (Købmandsskolen) in 1902 to design by Valdemar and Bernhard Ingemann. It still houses one of the campuses of Niels Brock Copenhagen Business College . Under a group of trees at the southern end of the street stands Jean Arp 's abstract sculpture Cupulate Fruit . It was installed at the site in 1979. In front of Copenhagen University Library's gable towards Frue Plads stands

180-401: Is a pedestrianised shopping street in central Copenhagen , Denmark . It passes the square Frue Plads on its way from Nørreport station in the north to Skindergade in the south where Jorcks Passage connects it to the shopping street Strøget . Copenhagen Cathedral is located on the street which also passes the rear side of Copenhagen University Library . The area along the street

210-424: Is a type of design competition in which an organization that intends on constructing a new building invites architects to submit design proposals. The winning design is usually chosen by an independent panel of design professionals and stakeholders (such as government and local representatives). This procedure is often used to generate new ideas for building design, to stimulate public debate, generate publicity for

240-682: Is the library for natural sciences and medicine. Since 1989, the Copenhagen University Library has been part of the Royal Library of Denmark but it is administered through the KUBIS system. In 1482, the University Library was established at the University of Copenhagen which had been founded three years earlier, when its vice-rector, Peder Albertsen, donated his book collection. One of the first buildings to house

270-604: The Arnamagnæan Manuscript Collection after him. The library introduced loans in 1788. In the British terror bombing of the civilian population of Copenhagen in the Battle of Copenhagen in 1807, the University Library was only marginally damaged when a few grenades penetrated the roof of Trinitatis Church . Ironically, they landed in the library's section for morals and politics where they damaged

300-598: The Trinitatis Complex , started in 1637. First to be completed was the observatory at the top of what is today known as the Round Tower . The new university library, located above the church and accessible only by the Round Tower's spiral ramp, was taken into use in 1652. In 1656, the Trinitatis Church was completed as the last part of the new trinity of science, knowledge and faith. Up through

330-543: The 17th century, the University Library grew significantly, both with the inclusion of the Royal Historiographers ' archives and Peder Hansen Resen's book collection in 1685–87. After this, the University surpassed the Royal Library in size. In the Copenhagen Fire of 1728 , the University Library was devastated and 30,000 volumes were lost to the flames. Only some materials which against

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360-606: The Church of San Fermo in Verona . The building's gable towards Frue Plads is intended as a continuation of the seven triangular gables of the University which faces the square. The central hall and corridor were decorated by Georg Hilker , one of the premier Danish decorative painters of the time. The building was the first in Denmark to have a structural system of cast iron . This was a requirement to prevent future fires and Herholdt

390-623: The city's old fortifications which were being decommissioned. In 1867, the University Library was merged with the Classen Library, the third largest library in Copenhagen at the time with 30,000 volumes. In 1930, the University Library became an independent institution directly under the Ministry of Education . Once again suffering from a shortage of space, it was split into a First and Second Department in 1938. The latter moved to

420-416: The construction of a university chapel and a new astronomical observatory to replace Tycho Brahe 's Stjerneborg which had fallen into despair and been demolished after he had fallen out of favour and left the country. Ultimately the idea emerged to build one grand complex which was to hold both an observatory, a church and new premises for the university library. Construction of the new building, known as

450-589: The guidelines provided by the International Union of Architects , respectively the relevant national or regional architecture organisation. Competition guidelines define roles, responsibilities, processes, and procedures within a competition and provide guidance on possible competition types, eligibility criteria, jury composition, participation conditions, payments, prizes, publication of results and other aspects. In France and Germany design competitions are compulsory for all public buildings exceeding

480-421: The last years of his life (died 1754) in a professorial residence at No. 8. The building was destroyed during the British bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807. A plaque on the wall at No. 8 commemorates the event. The street was formerly known for its many used bookstores . Fiolstræde was pedestrianised in 1968 following the successful pedestrianisation of Strøget in the early 1960s. The narrow street (8 metres)

510-525: The late 18th century in several countries including the United States, Great Britain, Ireland, France and Sweden. In 19th century England and Ireland there have been over 2,500 competitions in five decades, with 362 in London alone. The Royal Institute of British Architects drafted a first set of rules in 1839 and a set of formal regulations in 1872. The German Regulations were introduced in 1867. In

540-622: The library was the House of the Holy Ghost . In 1553, the first real library building, located at the site where the university's main building stands today, was inaugurated and it served its purpose for the next hundred years. In the first decades of the 17th century, Copenhagen experienced strong building activity under Christian IV , popularly referred to as the Builder King due to his many architectural projects. There were plans both for

570-418: The project, and allow emerging designers the opportunity to gain exposure. Architecture competitions are often used to award commissions for public buildings: in some countries rules for tendering public building contracts stipulate some form of mandatory open architectural competition. Winning first prize in a competition is not a guarantee that the project will be constructed. The commissioning body often has

600-477: The right to veto the winning design, and both requirements and finances may change, thwarting the original intention. The 2002 World Trade Center site design competition is an example of a highly publicized competition where only the basic elements of the winning design by Daniel Libeskind appeared in the finished project. Architecture competitions have a more than 2,500-year-old history. The Acropolis in Athens

630-440: The rules had been removed from the premises by students and professors and were saved. After the fire the library was restored along with the rest of the Trinitatis Complex and steps were taken to build a new collection. In 1730, Árni Magnússon bequeathed his book and manuscript collection to the library. It included, most significantly, an extensive collection of Icelandic and other Nordic manuscripts which has since besome known as

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660-480: The same period in the Netherlands, an association for the advancement of architecture ( Maatschappij tot Bevordering van de Bouwkunst ), started organising conceptual competitions with the aim of stimulating architects' creativity. There are a variety of competition types resulting from the combination of following options: The rules of each competition are defined by the organiser; however, these often follow

690-710: Was a result of an architectural competition in 448 B.C., as were several cathedrals in the Middle Ages. During the Renaissance , many projects initiated by the Church have been decided through design competition. Examples are the Spanish Steps in Rome or in 1419, a competition was held to design the dome of the Florence Cathedral , which was won by Filippo Brunelleschi . Open competitions were held in

720-441: Was also impractical. In 1856, the university held an architectural competition for the design of a new library on a site in Fiolstræde , just behind the university's main building. The competition was won by Johan Daniel Herholdt . Construction started in 1857 and the new building was completed in 1861. The same year the astronomical observatory also moved to a specially designed building, the Østervold Observatory , constructed on

750-489: Was also responsible for the rebuilding of Church of Our Lady on the other side of the street in the years after the British bombardment. Hotel Sankt Petri is located in the former Daells Varehus department store. Built in 1935, it was one of the first buildings designed by Vilhelm Lauritzen and one of the earliest Modernist buildings in Copenhagen. Stiftsprovstsboligen (No 8), located on the corner of Store Kanikkestræde ,

780-606: Was built in 1841 as official residence for the provost ( Stiftsprovst ) at Church of Our Lady. The house and a section of wall shielding the courtyard from the street was listed in 1939. No. 11 (1828), No. 12–14 (1839), No. 13 (1831), No. 15 (1834), No. 16 (1732), No. 17 (1851), No. 18 (1734), No. 19 (1836), No. 20 (1811), No. 21 (1836), No. 12 (1835), No. 24 (1857), No. 25–27 (13–15), No. 26 (1809), No. 28 (1814–51), No. 29 (1810), No. 30—32 (1809/1823), No. 34–36 (1812), No. 38 (1827) and No. 40–42 (1828) are also listed. The Neo-Baroque building with

810-604: Was changed to the Royal Library, National Library and Copenhagen University Library . Herholdt's University Library in Fiolstræde is built to a Neo-Gothic design. Its strong use of red brick heralded a new, distinctive trend in Danish architecture which was to characterize many of the large cultural and civic buildings of the preceding decades. Herholdt's design is inspired by western European, particularly northern Italian, cathedral architecture. The columns with their hive -like terminations as well as other features are inspired by

840-403: Was considered a natural second phase in the pedestrianisation of the area after the closure of Strøget in 1962. The most notable building in the street is the former Copenhagen University Library . It was completed in 1861 to a Historicist design by Johan Daniel Herholdt . No. 4–6 is the former Metropolitan School from 1811–15. It was designed by Christian Frederik Hansen who

870-778: Was inspired by the Crystal Palace at the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London which he had visited during a stay in England . Another source of inspiration was the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève in Paris which had been built 1843 to 1859 with a similar underlying structure. Download coordinates as: 55°40′49″N 12°34′22″E  /  55.6804°N 12.5729°E  / 55.6804; 12.5729 Fiolstr%C3%A6de Fiolstræde

900-399: Was until the 17th century dominated by green areas, and the name more likely refers to the violet flower (Danish: viol) rather than the fiddle (Danish: fiol). The section from Nørre Voldgade to Krystalgade was originally called Store Fiolstræde (Large Violet Alley) while the section from Krystalgade to Skindergade was called Lille Fiolstræde (Small Violet Alley). Ludvig Holberg lived

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