114-575: The Toyota Corolla (E210) is the twelfth generation of the Corolla , a compact car ( C-segment ) manufactured by Toyota . Introduced in 2018, this generation has also grown to include hatchback and estate (station wagon) configurations in addition to the saloon (sedan) . Since 2022, a high-performance model became available as the GR Corolla . Based on the hatchback model, the GR Corolla
228-628: A hybrid of petrol and electric . Developed under the lead of chief engineer Yasushi Ueda, it is the first Corolla to be built on the Toyota New Global Architecture ( GA-C ) platform shared with the fourth-generation Prius and C-HR . With the GA-C platform, the base of the front windscreen was lowered by 40 mm (1.6 in), the overall height of the dashboard was reduced for styling reasons and improving visibility. The seats are lowered by 25 mm (1.0 in) to maintain
342-759: A 1.2-litre turbocharged 8NR-FTS engine. Diesel engines are no longer offered in Europe. Production of the European market Corolla hatchback began on 14 January 2019. Sales began in the UK in February 2019 and across Europe in March 2019. The Corolla hybrid in the European market was unveiled as a pre-production model at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show as the Auris hybrid, with the Auris name later discontinued. The production version of
456-741: A 1.5-liter hybrid system similar to the one used in the Toyota Prius C , with a fuel efficiency of 3.03 L/100 km (93.2 mpg ‑imp ; 77.6 mpg ‑US ) under the JC08 test cycle . Toyota's monthly sales target for Japan is 1,000 units of the Corolla Axio hybrid and 1,500 units of the Corolla Fielder hybrid. The E160 was also sold in Hong Kong, Macau, and New Zealand. International markets continued on with
570-444: A 2-door liftback (KE50/KE55). All KE3x models had 3K engines and K40 4-speed manual, K50 5 speed manual, 2-speed automatic or 3-speed automatic gearbox. Sprinters were not available. The KE5x models 4K engines. The KE55 was 50 kg heavier due to the addition of side impact protection in the doors, but due to a change in the body metal and seam sealing they are prone to rust. Later KE55s also used plastic ended bumper bars as opposed to
684-643: A 6% improvement in fuel efficiency. The twelfth generation is the first version of the Corolla in the United States to offer a hybrid engine. It was unveiled at the November 2018 LA Auto Show . The hybrid Corolla drivetrain is mechanically almost identical to the Prius with a fuel economy figure of 4.5 L/100 km (52 mpg ‑US ; 62 mpg ‑imp ) matching the base model Prius. Since
798-641: A CVT with ten-speed simulated gear, and had a limited production of 500 units. The "Active Ride" variant with the same engine and production units was released in April 2021. Excluding the Corolla Rumion , the E210 series of the Corolla is the first to be sold in the Japanese market in which the exterior width (1,745 mm (68.7 in) for the saloon and estate car, and 1,790 mm (70.5 in) for
912-443: A component—either a character or a sub-component called a radical —usually involves either a reduction in its total number of strokes , or an apparent streamlining of which strokes are chosen in what places—for example, the ⼓ ' WRAP ' radical used in the traditional character 沒 is simplified to ⼏ ' TABLE ' to form the simplified character 没 . By systematically simplifying radicals, large swaths of
1026-434: A conversion table. While exercising such derivation, the following rules should be observed: Sample Derivations : The Series One List of Variant Characters reduces the number of total standard characters. First, amongst each set of variant characters sharing identical pronunciation and meaning, one character (usually the simplest in form) is elevated to the standard character set, and the rest are made obsolete. Then amongst
1140-907: A few AWD All-Trac models. Many engines were used on a wide array of trim levels and models, ranging from the 1.3-liter 2E to the 123 kilowatts (165 hp) supercharged 4A-GZE . In the US, the E90 Sprinter was built and sold as both the Toyota Sprinter and the Geo Prizm . In Australia, the E90 Corolla was built and sold as both the Toyota Corolla and the Holden Nova . In South Africa, this generation continued to be built until August 2006. In June 1991, Corollas received
1254-407: A few revised forms, and was implemented for official use by China's State Council on 5 June 2013. In Chinese, simplified characters are referred to by their official name 简化字 ; jiǎnhuàzì , or colloquially as 简体字 ; jiǎntǐzì . The latter term refers broadly to all character variants featuring simplifications of character form or structure, a practice which has always been present as
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#17327758973941368-610: A newly coined phono-semantic compound : Removing radicals Only retaining single radicals Replacing with ancient forms or variants : Adopting ancient vulgar variants : Readopting abandoned phonetic-loan characters : Copying and modifying another traditional character : Based on 132 characters and 14 components listed in Chart 2 of the Complete List , the 1,753 derived characters found in Chart 3 can be created by systematically simplifying components using Chart 2 as
1482-573: A part of the Chinese writing system. The official name tends to refer to the specific, systematic set published by the Chinese government, which includes not only simplifications of individual characters, but also a substantial reduction in the total number of characters through the merger of formerly distinct forms. According to Chinese palaeographer Qiu Xigui , the broadest trend in the evolution of Chinese characters over their history has been simplification, both in graphical shape ( 字形 ; zìxíng ),
1596-592: A redesign to be larger, heavier, and have the completely rounded, aerodynamic shape of the 1990s. In the United States, the somewhat larger Corolla was now in the compact class, rather than subcompact, and the coupé was still available in some markets, known as the AE101 Corolla Levin. Carburetors were mostly retired with this generation. Production of the E110 Corolla started in May 1995. The design of
1710-446: A total of ten. The launch gear is engaged when the car takes off from being stopped and transitions to the belt drive once the car picks up speed. The benefit of this system is that traditional CVTs tend to have low efficiency in lower gear ratios (creating a moment of sluggishness when starting from a stop). Since belts are handling a more narrow band of gear ratios, belt angles and loads can be reduced, increasing shift speeds and offering
1824-664: A twin, called the Toyota Sprinter until 2000. From 2006 to 2018 in Japan and much of the world, and from 2018 to 2020 in Taiwan, the hatchback companion had been called the Toyota Auris . Early models were mostly rear-wheel drive , while later models have been front-wheel drive . Four-wheel drive versions have also been produced, and it has undergone several major redesigns. The Corolla's traditional competitors have been
1938-440: Is actually more complex than eliminated ones. An example is the character 搾 which is eliminated in favor of the variant form 榨 . The 扌 'HAND' with three strokes on the left of the eliminated 搾 is now seen as more complex, appearing as the ⽊ 'TREE' radical 木 , with four strokes, in the chosen variant 榨 . Not all characters standardised in the simplified set consist of fewer strokes. For instance,
2052-682: Is also sold by Suzuki as the Swace in Europe. The sedan variation of the Corolla was unveiled simultaneously between 15 and 16 November 2018 in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California , United States, and in China at the 2018 Guangzhou International Motor Show . The model is sold in two versions: Prestige (sold in China, Europe and other countries) and Sporty (sold in North America, Japan, Australia and other countries), and sold in China as
2166-569: Is available with 1.5-liter 1NZ-FE or 1.8-liter 2ZR-FAE four cylinder engines mated with a CVT transmission. The 1.5-liter is available with front- and all-wheel drive, the 1.8-liter is offered only in front-wheel drive. Since 2015 there's a new engine 2NR-FKE, with its VVT-ie technology. Toyota released hybrid versions of the Corolla Axio sedan and Corolla Fielder station wagon for the Japanese market in August 2013. Both cars are equipped with
2280-696: Is called the Corolla Fielder in Japan. Production in Japan ended in January 2007 (for Corolla Runx and Allex), but production in North America continued until October 2007. Production continued in China as the Corolla EX until February 2017. The tenth generation of the E140 Corolla was introduced in October 2006. Japanese markets called the sedan Corolla Axio . The station wagon retained
2394-656: Is called the Levin GT . In Japan, the Corolla has always been exclusive to the Japanese retail sales chain called Toyota Corolla Store , which was previously established in 1961, known as Toyota Publica Store , selling the Publica . A rebadged version called the Sprinter was introduced around the same time as the Corolla in Japan, and sold through a different Toyota Japan dealership sales channel known since 1966 as Toyota Auto Store . There have been several models over
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#17327758973942508-454: Is derived. Merging homophonous characters: Adapting cursive shapes ( 草書楷化 ): Replacing a component with a simple arbitrary symbol (such as 又 and 乂 ): Omitting entire components : Omitting components, then applying further alterations : Structural changes that preserve the basic shape Replacing the phonetic component of phono-semantic compounds : Replacing an uncommon phonetic component : Replacing entirely with
2622-453: Is easier to drive in narrow alleys and parking lots for the targeted elderly drivers. The new Corolla Axio is available with either a 1.3-liter 1NR-FE or 1.5-liter 1NZ-FE four-cylinder engines; front- or all-wheel drive. Both 5-speed manual and CVT transmissions are offered. The 1.3-liter engine and all-wheel-drive variants are available only with the CVT transmission. The Corolla Fielder
2736-657: Is marketed under the Gazoo Racing family of high-performance cars. Its platform-sharing vehicles include the Toyota Corolla Cross , a compact crossover SUV , and the Toyota C-HR , an SUV with a hatchback -like body. The E210 series Corolla was first introduced in 2018 at the Geneva Motor Show . The E210 Corolla is paired with a transverse engine powered by petrol , flex-fuel , or
2850-659: Is more similar to the XV70 series Camry , conceived based on a research that customers in these markets prefer a more "prestigious" look for the saloon. The first "Prestige" model saloon rolled off the assembly line at the Sakarya plant in Turkey on 28 January 2019. The "Prestige" model was launched in Turkey on 13 February 2019 and sales began the following day. The "Prestige" model has been available in certain European countries since March 2019. While there are several engine choices for
2964-586: Is not available in American, Australian and Asian (except for Japan) markets including the Chinese market. All components and other elements of the Corolla Touring Sports behind the B-pillar were completely developed in Europe as it is the primary market for the model. Depending on the country, power for the Corolla Touring Sports comes from the 1.2-litre 8NR-FTS turbocharged petrol engine,
3078-813: Is now discouraged. A State Language Commission official cited "oversimplification" as the reason for restoring some characters. The language authority declared an open comment period until 31 August 2009, for feedback from the public. In 2013, the List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters was published as a revision of the 1988 lists; it included a total of 8105 characters. It included 45 newly recognized standard characters that were previously considered variant forms, as well as official approval of 226 characters that had been simplified by analogy and had seen wide use but were not explicitly given in previous lists or documents. Singapore underwent three successive rounds of character simplification , eventually arriving at
3192-469: Is only offered in the "sporty" SE and XSE trim levels and is powered by the 2.0-litre M20A-FKS Dynamic Force straight-four engine (I4) paired with either a six-speed intelligent manual transmission (iMT) or the K120 Direct Shift continuously variable transmission (CVT). The Direct Shift CVT includes a physical first gear (known as a "launch gear") and nine additional simulated gears, for
3306-531: Is produced and sold by FAW Toyota , whereas the "Sporty" model called Levin is produced and sold by GAC Toyota . Both the Corolla and the Levin are offered as regular petrol, Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid versions. Both were released in China on 8 August 2019. The hybrid versions of Corolla and Levin are sold with additional " Shuāngqíng " ( Chinese : 双擎 ; lit. 'dual engine') name to differentiate from
3420-625: Is produced in the Indaiatuba , São Paulo plant, and initially only 5% of production was devoted to the Altis flex-fuel hybrid with the hybrid powertrain being imported from Japan. However, by February 2020, and despite production constraints, sales of the Corolla Altis flex-fuel hybrid reached almost 25% sales of the country's entire Corolla line-up. In 2021, Toyota launched the GR-S version in
3534-623: Is referred to as the " big seal script ". The traditional narrative, as also attested in the Shuowen Jiezi dictionary ( c. 100 AD ), is that the Qin small seal script that would later be imposed across China was originally derived from the Zhou big seal script with few modifications. However, the body of epigraphic evidence comparing the character forms used by scribes gives no indication of any real consolidation in character forms prior to
Toyota Corolla (E210) - Misplaced Pages Continue
3648-501: Is shorter in length by 135–145 mm (5.3–5.7 in) and narrower by 45–55 mm (1.8–2.2 in) than the global Corolla models. They both share the same wheelbase as the Corolla hatchback (Sport in Japan), contrary to the global Corolla. As the result, both the Japanese market Corolla saloon and Corolla Touring have a minimum turning radius of 5 m (16.4 ft). The bonnet panel, door windows, rear windscreen, doors, bumpers, and
3762-547: Is used instead of 叠 in regions using traditional characters. The Chinese government stated that it wished to keep Chinese orthography stable. The Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese was published in 1988 and included 7000 simplified and unsimplified characters. Of these, half were also included in the revised List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese , which specified 2500 common characters and 1000 less common characters. In 2009,
3876-484: The Allion ( Chinese : 亚洲狮 ; pinyin : Yàzhōushī ; lit. 'Asian Lion', originally "傲澜" ( pinyin : Àolán ); the change was made because the latter name may sound offensive to Teochew dialect speakers) and the Levin GT ( Chinese : 凌尚 ; pinyin : Língshàng ). The Allion is based on the "Prestige" Corolla with several changes to the front fascia and manufactured by FAW Toyota, while
3990-547: The Corolla Altis branding. The Corolla E180 went on sale in Europe and South Africa in February 2014. In Australasia, the European market second-generation Toyota Auris was also sold badged as the Corolla hatchback, alongside the international E170 Corolla. In 2015, for the 2016 model year, Toyota ’s North American Sub-brand, Scion , introduced the Scion iM , based on the second generation Toyota Auris . In 2016, for
4104-578: The Corolla Fielder name. For international markets, a wider version of the E140 was sold with different styling, with the Southeast Asian, Pakistani, Indian and Taiwanese markets retaining the Corolla Altis branding. Production continued from June 2014 until 2020 in South Africa as the entry-level Corolla Quest . In Australasia, the related first-generation Toyota Auris was also sold as
4218-591: The Geo Prizm , a rebadge of the Toyota Sprinter, as the Chevrolet Prizm when the Geo brand was discontinued. This generation was delayed in North America until mid-1997 (US 1998 model year), where it had unique front and rear styling. Europe and Australasia received versions of their own as well. In Pakistan, this model was halted in November 1998, while production was closed in March 2002. In August 2000,
4332-589: The Levin . The Prestige model uses a different front fascia, which is more similar to the XV70 Camry . This model is sold as the Corolla Altis in Taiwan and Southeast Asia. The Sporty model uses a similar front fascia to the hatchback and wagon versions. A long-wheelbase version of the Prestige model with a slightly altered front fascia is sold as the Allion in China, while the long-wheelbase Sporty version
4446-737: The Nissan Sunny , introduced the same year as the Corolla in Japan and the later Nissan Sentra , Subaru Leone , Honda Civic and Mitsubishi Lancer . The Corolla's chassis designation code is "E", as described in Toyota's chassis and engine codes. Corollas are manufactured in Japan at the original Takaoka plant built in 1966. Various production facilities have been built in Brazil, ( Indaiatuba , São Paulo ), Canada ( Cambridge, Ontario ), China ( Tianjin ), Pakistan ( Karachi ), South Africa ( Durban ), Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Turkey ( Sakarya ), and
4560-640: The Sprinter (including the Sprinter Trueno). The Sprinter was nearly identical to the Corolla, differing only by minor body styling changes such as pop-up headlights . This generation was made until 1990 in Venezuela . A somewhat more rounded and aerodynamic style was used for the E90 introduced in May 1987. Overall this generation has a more refined feel than older Corollas and other older subcompacts. Most models were now front-wheel drive , along with
4674-804: The gauge cluster , and the Entune 3.0 touchscreen infotainment system with Apple CarPlay and Amazon Alexa integration ( Android Auto was added for the 2021 model year). All US and Canadian market Corollas are also equipped with the Toyota Safety Sense 2.0 collision avoidance and driver assistance system. Upscale trim levels (XLE and XSE, not available in Mexico) add features like steering wheel-mounted paddle shifters for CVT transmission-equipped models, alloy wheels, SofTex ( artificial leather ) seats, and an upgraded 7-inch multi-information instrument cluster display. In September 2020, Toyota released
Toyota Corolla (E210) - Misplaced Pages Continue
4788-411: The "external appearances of individual graphs", and in graphical form ( 字体 ; 字體 ; zìtǐ ), "overall changes in the distinguishing features of graphic[al] shape and calligraphic style, [...] in most cases refer[ring] to rather obvious and rather substantial changes". The initiatives following the founding of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) to universalize the use of their small seal script across
4902-422: The 1.5-litre M15B-FKS and M15C-FKS engine options were added. Available powertrain options include: The twelfth-generation Corolla hatchback for the European market is built in the UK and is powered by a 2.0-litre, 134 kW (180 bhp) M20A-FXS hybrid drivetrain along with a 1.8-litre, 91 kW (122 hp) 2ZR-FXE hybrid drivetrain. Standard petrol engines are also available, one of them would be
5016-409: The 1.8-litre 2ZR-FAE naturally aspirated petrol engine, the 1.8-litre 2ZR-FXE hybrid petrol engine, or the 2.0-litre M20A-FXS hybrid petrol engine. Toyota introduced the Corolla Trek version of estate car at the 2019 Geneva Motor Show , with a raised suspension, a roof rack and additional body protection. Estate models are produced in Toyota Manufacturing UK in Burnaston , United Kingdom for
5130-411: The 1.8-litre petrol engine with CVT (for all trim levels), 1.8-litre Hybrid engine with either 2WD or E-Four (for all trim levels) and 1.2-litre turbo petrol engine with manual transmission (for W×B trim only). In May 2020, the "2000 Limited" variant of the Touring was released. It is powered by the 2.0-litre M20A-FKS engine (the first 2.0-litre engine option for the Japanese market Corolla) paired with
5244-422: The 1986 General List of Simplified Chinese Characters , hereafter the General List . All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Chart 1 and Chart 2 in the 1986 Complete List . Characters in both charts are structurally simplified based on similar set of principles. They are separated into two charts to clearly mark those in Chart 2 as 'usable as simplified character components', based on which Chart 3
5358-400: The 1986 mainland China revisions. Unlike in mainland China, Singapore parents have the option of registering their children's names in traditional characters. Malaysia also promulgated a set of simplified characters in 1981, though completely identical to the mainland Chinese set. They are used in Chinese-language schools. All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Charts 1 and 2 of
5472-422: The 2017 model year, the iM was rebranded as the Toyota Corolla iM when the Scion brand was discontinued. The twelfth generation of the Corolla is available in three body styles: The twelfth generation Corolla in hatchback body style was unveiled as a pre-production model in early March 2018 at the Geneva Motor Show as the Auris . The production version of the Corolla Hatchback for the North American market
5586-400: The 5-door Corolla Hatchback and Touring Sports are sold across Europe, the 4-door saloon is only offered in selected European countries (the United Kingdom, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Finland, Cyprus, and all across the Balkans and Caucasus ). The Suzuki -badged version called Suzuki Swace was introduced in September 2020. It is based on
5700-404: The Auris installed with V6 engines was briefly sold at Japanese Toyota dealerships Toyota Store and Toyopet Store locations as the Blade , which was sold until 2012. A compact MPV named the Corolla Verso has also been released in European markets. Its Japanese counterpart is the Corolla Spacio , which has been discontinued as of the tenth generation. The Corolla Rumion is also sold in
5814-446: The Brazilian market, with the same design as the Taiwanese Corolla Altis GR Sport , powered by the 2.0-litre M20A-FKB engine. The Auris for the Taiwan market was launched on 12 September 2018 and is fully imported from Japan. The Auris was renamed the Corolla Sport in July 2020. The Corolla Altis for the Taiwan market was launched on 27 March 2019. Trim levels are offered in 1.8 and 1.8 hybrid paired with CVT. The Corolla Altis hybrid
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#17327758973945928-470: The Chinese government published a major revision to the list which included a total of 8300 characters. No new simplifications were introduced. In addition, slight modifications to the orthography of 44 characters to fit traditional calligraphic rules were initially proposed, but were not implemented due to negative public response. Also, the practice of unrestricted simplification of rare and archaic characters by analogy using simplified radicals or components
6042-415: The Corolla estate with 1.8-litre hybrid engine and sold in Europe only. Toyota Corolla The Toyota Corolla ( Japanese : トヨタ・カローラ , Hepburn : Toyota Karōra ) is a series of compact cars (formerly subcompact ) manufactured and marketed globally by the Japanese automaker Toyota Motor Corporation . Introduced in 1966, the Corolla was the best-selling car worldwide by 1974 and has been one of
6156-416: The Corolla hatchback alongside the sedan body shape of the International E140 Corolla. The eleventh generation of the Corolla went on sale in Japan in May 2012. The sedan is named the Corolla Axio while the wagon is called the Corolla Fielder . In Japan, both are made by a Toyota subsidiary, Central Motors , in Miyagi Prefecture , Japan. The redesigned model has slightly smaller exterior dimensions and
6270-431: The Corolla hatchback comes from the 1.2-litre 8NR-FTS turbocharged petrol, the 1.8-litre 2ZR-FXE hybrid petrol, the 2.0-litre M20A-FKS Dynamic Force petrol or the 2.0-litre M20A-FXS Dynamic Force hybrid petrol engine. The Corolla Hatchback is produced in the Tsutsumi Plant in Toyota, Aichi , Japan, and in Toyota Manufacturing UK in Burnaston , United Kingdom for the European market. The saloon model
6384-426: The Corolla sells at higher volumes than the Prius, offering a hybrid helps the company meet corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards, and Toyota's market research showed that Hispanic customers preferred the Corolla to the Prius. The sedan went on sale in the United States on 26 February 2019 for the 2020 model year. L, LE and XLE grades are equipped with the 1.8 litre 2ZR-FAE inline-four engine paired with
6498-418: The E120 ninth-generation Corolla was introduced in Japan, with edgier styling and more technology to bring the nameplate into the 21st century. This version was sold in Japan, Australasia , Europe and the Middle East. In mid-2001, the E120 Corolla Altis was released. It had a refreshed look and was slightly longer and wider than the E120 for other markets, but with similar body panels and interior. The Altis
6612-458: The E140/E150 until at least 2013 when the E170/E180 model arrived. The E170/E180 is larger and substantially different from the Japanese E160, with a unique body and interior. Two basic front and rear styling treatments are fitted to the E170: a North American version that debuted first and a more conservative design for other markets that debuted later in 2013. The latter version sold in Southeast Asian, Pakistani, Indian and Taiwanese markets retained
6726-406: The E80 Series. From 1985, re-badged E80 Sprinters were sold in the U.S. as the fifth-generation Chevrolet Nova . Fuel injection was introduced as an extra cost option internationally. Most models now used the front-wheel drive layout except the AE85 and AE86 , which were to be the last Corollas offered in the rear-wheel drive or FR layout. The AE85 and AE86 chassis codes were also used for
6840-429: The European market Corolla hybrid in hatchback and estate (Touring Sports) variants were later revealed at the 2018 Paris Motor Show . Across Europe, the Corolla is sold in several trim levels with standard and optional equipment varying across the countries. The E210 Corolla saloon marks the return of conventional 4-door body shape Corolla after the E120 generation was replaced by hatchback and estate-only Auris. While
6954-409: The European market, and in the Tsutsumi Plant in Toyota, Aichi , Japan for the smaller Japanese-market model. The Corolla hatchback is sold in Japan as the Corolla Sport, which was launched on 27 June 2018. It is sold exclusively at Toyota Corolla Store dealerships. Motive power for the Japanese Corolla Sport comes from the 1.2-litre turbo petrol engine or 1.8-litre Hybrid engine. Trim levels are
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#17327758973947068-521: The Hatchback and Touring Sports, the sole powertrain for the European Corolla saloon is the 1.8-litre hybrid paired with CVT. In Taiwan and Southeast Asia, the "Prestige" model saloon is sold as the Corolla Altis . In Morocco, it is marketed as the Corolla Prestige . It was launched in Taiwan on 27 March 2019, in Thailand on 3 September 2019, in the Philippines on 9 September 2019, in Indonesia on 12 September 2019, in Malaysia on 9 October 2019, in Brunei on 2 January 2020 and in Singapore on 9 January 2020 at
7182-407: The K "hicam" and T series engines. Fuel injection was introduced as an extra cost option on Japanese market vehicles. The wagon and van continued to be made until June 1987 after the rest of the range was replaced by the E80 generation. A sloping front bonnet and a contemporary sharp-edged, no-frills style was brought in during May 1983. The new 1839 cc 1C diesel engine was added to the range with
7296-424: The Levin GT is based on the "Sporty" Corolla and manufactured by GAC Toyota. The wheelbase is stretched to 2,750 mm (108.3 in) or 50 mm (2.0 in) longer than the standard Corolla/Levin, while its body length is stretched to 4,720 mm (185.8 in). It is an attempt to occupy a popular segment between the Corolla and the Camry, which is called "A+ class sedan" segment in China. In January 2021,
7410-407: The Matrix, shares the Corolla platform. The Vibe was exported from Fremont, California, to the Japanese market where it was sold as the Toyota Voltz . The Corolla Cross is the crossover SUV -counterpart of the E210 series Corolla. Simplified Chinese characters Simplified Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets widely used to write the Chinese language , with
7524-505: The SE trim level. On 1 June 2022, Toyota introduced a midcycle refresh of the North American Corolla. The refresh included minor exterior design revisions and major mechanical revisions; all 2023 model year non-hybrid Corollas offer the XSE's 169 hp (126 kW) four-cylinder engine and K120 CVT as standard; the 6-speed manual is discontinued. The Corolla Hybrid LE and Hybrid SE offer an eFour all-wheel-drive system as an option with its 1.8 L 2ZR-FXE I4 Hybrid Synergy Drive engine, with
7638-415: The Singapore Motorshow. The "Sporty" model uses a similar front fascia to the hatchback and estate versions. This version is sold in North America, Japan, Australia, South Africa, China (as the Levin ( Chinese : 雷凌 ; pinyin : Léilíng )) and other countries. The "Sporty" model was launched in Japan on 17 September 2019 with a smaller footprint than its international counterpart. Depending on
7752-457: The UK in February 2019 and across Europe in March 2019. A high-performance variant of the Corolla hatchback, called the GR Corolla , debuted in March 2022. The estate variation of the twelfth generation Corolla, called the Corolla Touring Sports (simply called Corolla Touring in Japan), was unveiled at the 2018 Paris Motor Show . The official images of the Corolla Touring Sports were revealed on 4 September 2018. The Corolla Touring Sports
7866-432: The US market as the Scion xB . The Corolla Matrix , better known just as the Matrix, shares the E120 and E140 platforms, and is considered the hatchback/ sport wagon counterpart of the North American Corolla sedan, as the European/Australasian Corolla hatchback is not sold there. Toyota frequently combines the sales figures of the Corolla sedan and Matrix. The Pontiac Vibe , which is the General Motors badged version of
7980-497: The United Kingdom ( Derbyshire ). Production or assembly has previously been carried out in Australia ( Dandenong and Altona ), India ( Bangalore ), Indonesia ( Jakarta ), Malaysia ( Shah Alam ), New Zealand ( Thames ), the Philippines ( Santa Rosa, Laguna ), and Venezuela. Corollas were made at NUMMI in Fremont, California until March 2010. Production resumed in November 2011 at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi in Blue Springs, Mississippi . The first generation Corolla
8094-409: The all chrome bumpers of the previous models, but included a rear sway bar for the first time. A major restyle in March 1979 brought a square edged design. The Corollas had a simpler treatment of the grill, headlights and tail lights while the Sprinter used a slightly more complex, sculptured treatment. The new A series engines were added to the range as a running change. This was the last model to use
8208-464: The base G"X", the mid-level G and the fully loaded G"Z". Intelligent manual transmission is only for the cars with smaller displacement engine. The 1.2-litre cars are also offered with Full-Time 4WD paired with CVT-i. The 2WD G"Z" can be ordered with Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS) system and Drive Mode Select with Eco, Comfort, Normal, Sport S and Sport S+ modes. Both the Corolla saloon and Corolla Touring were launched in Japan on 17 September 2019. It
8322-656: The best-selling cars in the world since then. In 1997, the Corolla became the best-selling nameplate in the world , surpassing the Volkswagen Beetle . Toyota reached the milestone of 50 million Corollas sold over twelve generations in 2021. The name Corolla is part of Toyota's naming tradition of using names derived from the Toyota Crown for sedans, with " corolla " Latin for "small crown". The Corolla has always been exclusive in Japan to Toyota Corolla Store locations, and manufactured in Japan with
8436-613: The car was slightly altered throughout but retained a look similar to that of the E100. In 1998, for the first time, some non-Japanese Corollas received the new 1ZZ-FE engine. The 1ZZ-FE engine had an aluminum engine block and aluminum cylinder heads, which made models powered by this motor lighter than versions powered by A series engines which had cast iron blocks with aluminium heads. The model range began to change as Toyota decided styling differences would improve sales in different markets. Starting with this generation, General Motors renamed
8550-428: The character set are altered. Some simplifications were based on popular cursive forms that embody graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms. In addition, variant characters with identical pronunciation and meaning were reduced to a single standardized character, usually the simplest among all variants in form. Finally, many characters were left untouched by simplification and are thus identical between
8664-407: The chosen variants, those that appear in the "Complete List of Simplified Characters" are also simplified in character structure accordingly. Some examples follow: Sample reduction of equivalent variants : Ancient variants with simple structure are preferred : Simpler vulgar forms are also chosen : The chosen variant was already simplified in Chart 1 : In some instances, the chosen variant
8778-561: The countries, power for the Corolla saloon (E210) comes from a choice of the 1.2-litre 8NR-FTS turbo petrol, 1.8-litre petrol 2ZR-FE , 1.8-litre 2XR-FXE hybrid petrol, or 2.0-litre petrol M20A-FKS . The estate or station wagon variation of the Corolla was unveiled at the 2018 Paris Motor Show . The vehicle is branded as the Corolla Touring Sports in most markets, and the Corolla Touring in Japan. The vehicle
8892-473: The country's writing system as a serious impediment to its modernization. In 1916, a multi-part English-language article entitled "The Problem of the Chinese Language" co-authored by the Chinese linguist Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982) and poet Hu Shih (1891–1962) has been identified as a turning point in the history of the Chinese script—as it was one of the first clear calls for China to move away from
9006-476: The early 20th century. In 1909, the educator and linguist Lufei Kui formally proposed the use of simplified characters in education for the first time. Over the following years—marked by the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that toppled the Qing dynasty , followed by growing social and political discontent that further erupted into the 1919 May Fourth Movement —many anti-imperialist intellectuals throughout China began to see
9120-444: The enhanced performance version of the Corolla and Sprinter respectively when a double overhead camshaft version of the 2T engine was introduced in March 1972 (TE27). In September 1970, the 1400 cc T and 1600 cc 2T OHV engines were added to the range. In Australia, only the 1.2 L engine (3K) powered 2-door KE20 was available as a sedan and wagon / panelvan. The brakes were single system with no booster, solid discs on
9234-634: The first official list of simplified forms was published, consisting of 324 characters collated by Peking University professor Qian Xuantong . However, fierce opposition within the KMT resulted in the list being rescinded in 1936. Work throughout the 1950s resulted in the 1956 promulgation of the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme , a draft of 515 simplified characters and 54 simplified components, whose simplifications would be present in most compound characters. Over
9348-463: The first round—but was massively unpopular and never saw consistent use. The second round of simplifications was ultimately retracted officially in 1986, well after they had largely ceased to be used due to their unpopularity and the confusion they caused. In August 2009, China began collecting public comments for a revised list of simplified characters; the resulting List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters lists 8,105 characters, including
9462-475: The following decade, the Script Reform Committee deliberated on characters in the 1956 scheme, collecting public input regarding the recognizability of variants, and often approving forms in small batches. Parallel to simplification, there were also initiatives aimed at eliminating the use of characters entirely and replacing them with pinyin as an official Chinese alphabet, but this possibility
9576-459: The founding of the Qin. The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) that inherited the Qin administration coincided with the perfection of clerical script through the process of libian . Eastward spread of Western learning Though most closely associated with the People's Republic, the idea of a mass simplification of character forms first gained traction in China during
9690-515: The front and rear drums. Front sway bar but no rear sway bar. Parts are not compatible with later models. In New Zealand, the 4-door KE20 was available. Most models stopped production in July 1974 but the KE26 wagon and van were still marketed in Japan alongside the new 30-series, until production finally ended in May 1978. April 1974 brought rounder, bigger and heavier Corollas and Sprinters. The range
9804-501: The hatchback) exceeds Japanese government regulations concerning small size passenger vehicles (class three) exterior dimensions and engine displacement. The North American version of the hatchback was unveiled on 28 March 2018 at the New York International Auto Show for the 2019 model year. Unlike the saloon, neither the hybrid powertrain nor all-wheel drive are available on the hatchback. The hatchback
9918-466: The increased usage of 朙 was followed by proliferation of a third variant: 眀 , with 目 'eye' on the left—likely derived as a contraction of 朙 . Ultimately, 明 became the character's standard form. The Book of Han (111 AD) describes an earlier attempt made by King Xuan of Zhou ( d. 782 BC ) to unify character forms across the states of ancient China , with his chief chronicler having "[written] fifteen chapters describing" what
10032-465: The left, with the 月 'Moon' component on the right. Li Si ( d. 208 BC ), the Chancellor of Qin, attempted to universalize the Qin small seal script across China following the wars that had politically unified the country for the first time. Li prescribed the 朙 form of the word for 'bright', but some scribes ignored this and continued to write the character as 明 . However,
10146-540: The limited edition Corolla Apex in the United States for the 2021 model year. Based on the SE or XSE saloon models, the Apex comes with stiffer and lowered springs, adjusted dampers, a bigger anti-roll bar, and 18-inch black alloy wheels. Front, side, and rear bumper spoilers are also standard. Toyota says it would only build 6,000 Corolla Apex units, of which only 120 would be equipped with six-speed manual transmission, all of them on
10260-402: The most prominent Chinese authors of the 20th century, stated that "if Chinese characters are not destroyed, then China will die" ( 漢字不滅，中國必亡 ). During the 1930s and 1940s, discussions regarding simplification took place within the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party. Many members of the Chinese intelligentsia maintained that simplification would increase literacy rates throughout the country. In 1935,
10374-487: The older K313 CVT, all carried over from the prior generation E170 Corolla in North America. The Hybrid LE model uses the 2ZR-FXE inline-four engine (an Atkinson cycle variant of the 2ZR-FAE ) paired with the Hybrid Synergy Drive eCVT. The "sporty" SE and XSE grades use the same powertrain as the hatchback, the 2.0-litre M20A-FKS "Dynamic Force" engine paired with either six-speed iMT (SE only) or
10488-587: The other being traditional characters . Their mass standardization during the 20th century was part of an initiative by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to promote literacy, and their use in ordinary circumstances on the mainland has been encouraged by the Chinese government since the 1950s. They are the official forms used in mainland China and Singapore , while traditional characters are officially used in Hong Kong , Macau , and Taiwan . Simplification of
10602-532: The others have the same front bumper design as the regular "Sporty" Corolla. Some versions come with a 12.1-inch portrait touchscreen infotainment system (e.g. Technology trim of the Levin) and other versions come with 9.0-inch touchscreen infotainment system with Baidu CarLife or WeLink. Leather interior and sunroof are exclusive for the Premium trim. In November 2020, the long-wheelbase derivatives were revealed as
10716-558: The petrol versions. The Levin with 1.2-litre 9NR-FTS petrol engine is named "185T", as it produces 185 N⋅m (136 lb⋅ft) of maximum torque. The Corolla is offered in Pioneer, Elite, Deluxe, Sport, and Ultimate trim levels. Trim levels for the Levin are Progressive, Deluxe, Sports, Technology, and Premium. The Sports trim has the same front bumper design as the North American Corolla SE/XSE models, while
10830-430: The public and quickly fell out of official use. It was ultimately formally rescinded in 1986. The second-round simplifications were unpopular in large part because most of the forms were completely new, in contrast to the familiar variants comprising the majority of the first round. With the rescission of the second round, work toward further character simplification largely came to an end. In 1986, authorities retracted
10944-573: The rear wheels powered by an electric motor, increasing net horsepower to 138 hp (103 kW). Engine choices for the North American Corolla are: The E210 Corolla saloon was launched in September 2019, and included an Altis trim with the first version of a flex-fuel hybrid powered by a 1.8-litre Atkinson engine. All the other trims, GLi, XEi and Altis, are powered by a 2.0-litre M20A-FKB flex-fuel engine. The Corolla
11058-513: The recently conquered parts of the empire is generally seen as being the first real attempt at script reform in Chinese history. Before the 20th century, variation in character shape on the part of scribes, which would continue with the later invention of woodblock printing , was ubiquitous. For example, prior to the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) the character meaning 'bright' was written as either 明 or 朙 —with either 日 'Sun' or 囧 'window' on
11172-414: The roof stamping had to be redesigned for the Japanese model. The angle of the door mirrors was readjusted to fold closer to the body in order to fit in a narrow garage or parking space. The Japanese market Touring uses the same front fascia as the "Sporty" saloon. Trim levels for the Japanese market Corolla saloon and Touring are the base G-X, the mid-level S and the fully-loaded W×B. Powertrain options are
11286-439: The same head clearance as the previous generation. As of 2020, the twelfth-generation Corolla was the best-selling passenger vehicle in the world with a 1.6% global market share. The twelfth generation Corolla Hatchback was unveiled as a pre-production model in early March 2018 at the 88th Geneva Motor Show and as a production model on 28 March 2018 at the New York International Auto Show in hatchback body style. The vehicle
11400-481: The same set of simplified characters as mainland China. The first round was promulgated by the Ministry of Education in 1969, consisting of 498 simplified characters derived from 502 traditional characters. A second round of 2287 simplified characters was promulgated in 1974. The second set contained 49 differences from the mainland China system; these were removed in the final round in 1976. In 1993, Singapore adopted
11514-467: The second round completely, though they had been largely fallen out of use within a year of their initial introduction. That year, the authorities also promulgated a final version of the General List of Simplified Chinese Characters . It was identical to the 1964 list save for 6 changes—including the restoration of 3 characters that had been simplified in the first round: 叠 , 覆 , 像 ; the form 疊
11628-497: The traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies. The Chinese government has never officially announced the completion of the simplification process after the bulk of characters were introduced by the 1960s. In the wake of the Cultural Revolution , a second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977—largely composed of entirely new variants intended to artificially lower the stroke count, in contrast to
11742-833: The traditional character 強 , with 11 strokes is standardised as 强 , with 12 strokes, which is a variant character. Such characters do not constitute simplified characters. The new standardized character forms shown in the Characters for Publishing and revised through the Common Modern Characters list tend to adopt vulgar variant character forms. Since the new forms take vulgar variants, many characters now appear slightly simpler compared to old forms, and as such are often mistaken as structurally simplified characters. Some examples follow: The traditional component 釆 becomes 米 : The traditional component 囚 becomes 日 : The traditional "Break" stroke becomes
11856-522: The use of characters entirely. Instead, Chao proposed that the language be written with an alphabet, which he saw as more logical and efficient. The alphabetization and simplification campaigns would exist alongside one another among the Republican intelligentsia for the next several decades. Recent commentators have echoed some contemporary claims that Chinese characters were blamed for the economic problems in China during that time. Lu Xun , one of
11970-838: The years, including the Corolla Ceres (and similar Sprinter Marino) hardtop, Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno sports coupés and hatchbacks, and the Corolla FX hatchback, which became the Corolla RunX, while the Sprinter became the Allex , with the introduction of the E120 series Corolla. The RunX and Allex was replaced by the Auris in 2006 (known only as Corolla in markets outside Japan, Europe and South Africa). A luxury version of
12084-674: The “Direct Shift” CVT. The twelfth generation Corolla sedan came to the Mexican market on 7 May 2019 in Base (replacing L), LE, SE and Hybrid versions. In the Mexican and Canadian markets, the Base/L model is available with a six-speed manual transmission. All Corolla trim levels feature power windows and door locks, LED front headlamps and LED rear lamps, the Toyota STAR Safety System, a 4.2-inch multi-information display in
12198-464: Was abandoned, confirmed by a speech given by Zhou Enlai in 1958. In 1965, the PRC published the List of Commonly Used Characters for Printing [ zh ] (hereafter Characters for Printing ), which included standard printed forms for 6196 characters, including all of the forms from the 1956 scheme. A second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977, but was poorly received by
12312-475: Was also available for the first time in Taiwan. Both the Taiwan market Corolla Altis and Corolla Altis hybrid are locally assembled. On 29 April 2020, the Corolla Altis GR Sport made its debut in Taiwan, which was developed by Kuozui Motors. For the mainland China market, excluding Hong Kong and Macao, the E210 series Corolla saloon is available in two different styles. The "Prestige" Corolla
12426-483: Was initially branded as the Auris , a nameplate Toyota used historically for Corolla hatchbacks, but had subsequently been phased out. The Auris nameplate was discontinued across Europe in January 2019 and in Taiwan in July 2020. In Japan and in Taiwan (since July 2020), the hatchback is marketed as the Corolla Sport ; in other regions it is simply called the Corolla hatchback. Depending on the country, power for
12540-725: Was introduced in November 1966 with the new 1100 cc K pushrod engine. The Corolla Sprinter was introduced as the fastback version in 1968, and exclusive to a Toyota Japan dealership retail outlet called Toyota Auto Store . It was the second car available to Japanese buyers at Toyota Corolla Store next to the Toyota Publica . In May 1970, the E20 was restyled with a more rounded body. The now mutually exclusive Corolla and Sprinter names were used to differentiate between two slightly different treatments of sheet metal and trim. The Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno names were introduced as
12654-655: Was rounded out with the addition of a two-door liftback . The Corollas were given E30 codes while the Sprinters were given E40 codes. A facelift in March 1976 saw most Corolla E30 models replaced by equivalent E50 models and most Sprinter E40 models were replaced by equivalent E60 models. The E30 Corolla was fitted with retracting front seat belts. In Australia, the KE3x/KE5x was available as 4-door sedan (KE30/KE55), 2-door sedan (KE30), 2-door hardtop coupe (KE35/KE55), 2-door panel van (KE36/KE38), 4-door wagon (KE36/KE38) and
12768-549: Was sold in Southeast Asia, India, and Taiwan. India received a de-tuned version of the 1ZZ-FE and was comparatively slower than its rivals. The North American release was delayed until March 2002 (for the 2003 model year). The E130 was sold in North America from 2003 to 2008. It had similar look to the Corolla Altis sold in Southeast Asia. The E120 continued in parallel in separate markets to the E130. The station wagon model
12882-502: Was unveiled on 28 March 2018 at the New York International Auto Show , with the official details and photos revealed on 22 March 2018. The Corolla Hatchback was launched in Japan on 27 June 2018 as the Corolla Sport . The Corolla Hatchback went on sale in the United States in mid-July 2018, and was later launched in Australia on 7 August 2018. Production of the European market Corolla Hatchback began on 14 January 2019, and sales began in
12996-417: Was unveiled simultaneously between 15 and 16 November 2018 in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California , United States, and in China at the 2018 Guangzhou International Motor Show . This is sold in two versions which are referred to internally as Prestige and Sporty . The "Prestige" model is sold in China, Taiwan, Europe, Middle East, Africa, South America and Southeast Asia. This uses a different front fascia, which
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