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98-608: Supported by (26) Opposition (67) Referendums Local The Parliament of Catalonia ( Catalan : Parlament de Catalunya , IPA: [pəɾləˈmen də kətəˈluɲə] ; Spanish : Parlamento de Cataluña ; Occitan : Parlament de Catalonha ) is the unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia . The Parliament is currently made up of 135 members, known as deputies ( diputats / deputats / diputados ), who are elected for four-year terms or after extraordinary dissolution, chosen by universal suffrage in lists of four constituencies, corresponding to

196-681: A Casa de la Generalitat in Perpignan , which aims to promote the Catalan culture and facilitate exchanges between each side of the Franco – Spanish border. Under application of article 155 of the Constitution following the constitutional crisis of 2017 Catalonia only retained one delegation abroad, after the rest were closed, this delegation was the one of Brussels , Belgium . The Catalan Government elected after 21 December election began

294-676: A court of cassation . It was presided by Francesc Macià (1931–1933) and Lluís Companys (1933–1940). The governments of Macià and Companys enacted a progressive agenda, despite the internal difficulties, while fought to demand the complete transfer of the powers estipulated in the Statute. After the right wing coalition won the Spanish elections in 1933, the leftist leaders of the Generalitat of Catalonia rebelled in October of 1934 against

392-483: A general assembly made up by representatives from the four provinces, but lacking legislative powers. In 1919, the Commonwealth prepared a project of Statute of Autonomy for Catalonia which included a bicameral parliament , however, the bill wasn't implemented. The assembly and the Commonwealth itself were disbanded and outlawed by Miguel Primo de Rivera 's dictatorship in 1925. Following a brief proclamation of

490-486: A greater degree of self-government in recent years, the Catalan Government has established nearly bilateral relationships with foreign bodies. For the most part, these relationships are with the governments of other powerful subnational entities such as Quebec or California . In addition, like most Spanish autonomous communities, Catalonia has permanent delegations before international organizations, such as

588-574: A minority government dependent on pacts with other parties including the Socialists' Party of Catalonia following the 2010 election and the 2015 election . Former president Artur Mas was charged by the Spanish government for civil disobedience, after he organised and staged a referendum on independence in 2014. In 2016, Carles Puigdemont , member of the Catalan European Democratic Party , successor formation to

686-501: A position he would hold until 2003. That began a period of hegemony of CiU, which won the election of 1984 with an absolute majority (72 of 135). The representatives of the Parliament of Catalonia are elected every four years after the date of its previous election, unless it is dissolved earlier, under a system of party-list proportional representation . Since 1980, the 135 members of the Parliament of Catalonia are elected using

784-494: A referendum, eliminating or reinterpreting more than 200 articles, due to a signature collection promoted by then the Spanish opposition leader, Mariano Rajoy . This event is considered one of the main reasons for the independence boom that happened from 2010 with 8% support to 2018 with 52.4% of support. Artur Mas held the office of President of the Generalitat from December 2010 until his resignation in January 2016, leading

882-550: A regional election taking place. The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a regional election taking place. The table below lists opinion polling on leader preferences to become president of the Government of Catalonia . The table below shows registered vote turnout on election day without including voters from the Census of Absent-Residents (CERA). Following

980-474: A regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called. After the Catalan government failed to pass the regional budget on 13 March 2024, president Pere Aragonès announced a snap election for 12 May. The Parliament of Catalonia was officially dissolved on 19 March 2024 after the publication of the dissolution decree in

1078-615: A territorially differentiated community with its own representative and separated institutions, materialized in the institutional systems of the combined Catalan counties (9th–12th centuries), the Principality of Catalonia within the Crown of Aragon (1164–1714) and the Monarchy of Spain (1516–1714/1833), as well the establishment of Catalan self-government from 1931 onwards, can be divided into different stages, separated by ruptures in

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1176-637: A whole. The region has gradually achieved a greater degree of autonomy since 1979. After Navarre and the Basque Country regions, Catalonia has the greatest level of self-government in Spain. When it is fully instated, the Generalitat holds exclusive and wide jurisdiction in various matters of culture, environment, communications, transportation, commerce, public safety and local governments. In many aspects relating to education, health and justice,

1274-600: Is administered by national judicial institutions. The legal system is uniform throughout the Spanish state, with the exception of some parts of civil law – especially family , inheritance , and real estate law – that have traditionally been ruled by so-called foral law . The fields of civil law that are subject to autonomous legislation have been codified in the Civil Code of Catalonia (Codi civil de Catalunya) consisting of six books that have successively entered into force since 2003. Another institution stemming from

1372-699: Is currently known in Catalonia as Northern Catalonia , one year after the signature of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in the 17th century, which transferred the territory from Spanish to French sovereignty. Then, by the early 18th century, with the issue of the "Nueva Planta Decrees " after the Catalan defeat in the War of the Spanish Succession , the institution, as well as the other political institutions of

1470-537: Is formed by the center-left pro-independence Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) after a political crisis in which the center-right member of the coalition Together for Catalonia (Junts) abandoned in 2022 its ministerial seats. It is made up of 14 ministers, alongside to the President and a secretary of government. As an autonomous community of Spain, Catalonia is not recognized as a sovereign state by any sovereign state. However, as Catalonia has progressively gained

1568-482: Is made up of the leaders and spokespersons from each parliamentary group in the Parliament and has the right to be "heard" before the Bureau takes some decisions such as scheduling debates and votes. In the Spanish system, however, ruling parties usually do not hold a tight grip over the Parliament's schedule, nor do they use it to turn down the opposition proposals without debate: they are just voted down in committee or by

1666-719: Is the Palace of the Parliament of Catalonia ( Palau del Parlament de Catalunya in Catalan). It is located in the Parc de la Ciutadella of the capital city, Barcelona. The main entrance is at number 1 of Joan Fiveller Square. The building was designed by the Flemish architect Jorge Próspero de Verboom between 1716 and 1748 to serve as an arsenal, in the fortress of the Citadel that King Philip V had built, shortly after having conquered

1764-651: Is the body responsible of the government of the Generalitat, it holds executive and regulatory power, being accountable to the Catalan Parliament. It comprises the President of the Generalitat, the First Minister ( conseller primer ) or the Vice President , and the ministers ( consellers ) appointed by the president. Its seat is the Palau de la Generalitat , Barcelona. The current government

1862-640: The Catalan Republic on 14 April 1931 and the provisional establishment of the Generalitat as a Catalan government within the new Spanish Republic , the first Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia was approved by the Spanish Parliament in September 1932, recognizing Catalan self-government and establishing a separate Parliament of Catalonia as the legislative body of the Generalitat, being elected on 20 November 1932 . This first legislature

1960-618: The Catalan constitutions . The first constitutions were that of the Courts of 1283. The Medieval precedent of the Generalitat, the Diputació del General de Catalunya ("Deputation of the General of Catalonia") was a permanent council of deputies established by the Courts in order to collect the new "tax of the General" (or tribute for the King) in 1359. The "general" refers to the combination of

2058-482: The Catalan government failed to pass the regional budget in Parliament on 13 March 2024, as a result of differences with ECP over the Hard Rock mega resort , Aragonès announced a snap election for 12 May. Salvador Illa 's PSC secured a commanding victory in both votes and seats in a Catalan regional election for the first time in history, whereas support for Catalan nationalist parties in general—and for ERC and

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2156-630: The Civil War , the building became a military barracks and in 1945, the seat of the Museum of Modern Art of Barcelona. In 1977, during the Spanish transition to democracy , the building temporarily served as the Assembly of Parliamentarians (Catalan: Assemblea de Parlamentaris ) until the restitution of Catalan self-government. In 1979 it became the seat of Parliament again and was renovated. Finally,

2254-699: The Corts was legislative, either in approving laws proposed by the monarch ( Constitucions ) or at their own initiative ( capítols de cort ). Although the Catalan Courts met at irregular intervals, it also formally approved the acts of the between the King and their sessions (known as pragmàtiques ) and, from 1359, established a permanent delegation to oversee the Crown (the Deputation of the General, forerunner of

2352-451: The D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of 3% of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats are allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Barcelona , Tarragona , Girona and Lleida , with each being allocated 85, 18, 17 and 15 seats respectively. In the 1932 election there were 85 seats up to election divided into five constituencies:

2450-490: The European Union . More recently, Catalonia has embarked upon an expansion process of its international representation by opening a number of delegations worldwide. As of 2017, these exceeded 40. Most of these offices are located in major world cities like London , New York City , Los Angeles , Paris , Tokyo and others. Each office has specific duties assigned by their ministry or department agency. Generally,

2548-576: The European fascists , and the rejection by the Republican Court of Constitutional Guarantees (Constitutional Court of that time) of the emancipatory Crop Contracts Law land reform bill passed by the Parliament of Catalonia. The unilateral declaration of sovereignty lasted 10 hours. The Parliament and the government were restored in February 1936 after the victory of Popular Front in

2646-785: The Generalitat de Catalunya ). The Catalan Courts, as well as the other institutions of the Principality and the administrative use of Catalan language, were abolished by the Nueva Planta decrees in 1716 after the House of Bourbon, supported by the Crown of Castille, defeated the Habsburg pretender to throne, which was backed by the remnants of the Crown of Aragon in the War of the Spanish Succession . There were attempts from late 19th century to restore an autonomous system of representation for Catalonia. The Manresa Bases (1892) proposed

2744-519: The Kingdom of Aragon , creating the Crown of Aragon ) and a formalisation of its procedures. It came to be referred to as the Cort General de Catalunya or Corts catalanes (General Court of Catalonia or Catalan Courts), and was endowed with formal procedures, effectively written constitutions, by King Peter III of Aragon in 1283, making this institution the policymaking and legislative body of

2842-533: The Kingdom of Aragon , ruled by Count of Barcelona , since the year 1151 AD when Count Ramon Berenguer IV married Princess Petronilla of Aragon ). A commission was then designed as " Diputació del General " (Deputation of the General), as to temporarily collect the "services" or tributes that the "branches" granted the king on his demand. This tax was popularly known as " Drets Generals " (General Rights) or " generalitats " (generalities), finding its counterpart in

2940-584: The Popular Unity Candidacy (CUP) in particular—collapsed, bringing their combined totals well below the absolute majority threshold for the first time since 1980 . The conservative People's Party (PP) surged from three to 15 seats, benefiting from the wipeout of Citizens (Cs), whereas the far-right, pro-independence Catalan Alliance (Aliança.cat) party of Sílvia Orriols was able to secure parliamentary representation thanks to strong support in traditionally pro-independence strongholds. Illa

3038-531: The Presidents of Catalonia have been Josep Tarradellas (1977–1980, president in exile since 1954), Jordi Pujol (1980–2003), Pasqual Maragall (2003–2006), José Montilla (2006–2010), Artur Mas (2010–2016), Carles Puigdemont (2016–2017) and, after the imposition of direct rule from Madrid, Quim Torra (2018–2020), Pere Aragonès (2020–2024) and Salvador Illa (2024–). The Executive Council (Catalan: Consell Executiu ) or Government ( Govern ),

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3136-517: The Principality of Catalonia . It was the first parliament of Europe to officially obtain the right of legislate, beyond the already established custom. The Corts Catalanes were summoned and presided by the king as count of Barcelona, being composed of Three Estates ( Tres Braços ), representing the clergy, the feudal nobles and the citizens of Royal towns such as Barcelona or Girona . Inhabitants of feudal towns (such as Cardona ) were not represented, except by their overlords. The main function of

3234-534: The Spanish Constitution and the Catalan Statute of Autonomy , as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president . As a result of no regional electoral law having been approved since the re-establishment of Catalan autonomy, the electoral procedure came regulated under Transitory Provision Fourth of the 1979 Statute , supplemented by the provisions within

3332-607: The Spanish election , and abolished by the dictator Francisco Franco at the beginning of the occupation of Catalonia during the Spanish Civil War . The Parliament of Catalonia, like the rest of the institutions of the Generalitat, went to exile in 1939. After the death of Franco in 1975 and the subsequent first years of Spanish transition to democracy , claims by most of Catalan society and political spectrum, from communists to liberals, to restore self-government grew. The Generalitat came back from exile in 1977. In 1979,

3430-466: The city of Barcelona proper and the provinces of Barcelona (excluding the city of Barcelona ), Girona , Lleida and Tarragona , with each being allocated 24, 19, 14, 14 and 14 seats respectively. They were elected under the Republican system of plurality block voting or majoritari per districtes , with each voter casting a vote for 75% of its constituency seats. This in practice ensured that

3528-459: The national electoral law . Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage , which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Catalonia and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2022 abolished the "begged" or expat vote system ( Spanish : Voto rogado ), under which Spaniards abroad were required to apply for voting before being permitted to vote. The expat vote system

3626-414: The provinces of Barcelona , Girona , Lleida and Tarragona , with each being allocated a fixed number of seats: In smaller constituencies, the use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies. The term of the Parliament of Catalonia expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it

3724-537: The revolutionary situation created after the coup d'etat, the Generalitat lost most of the effective power over the territory, largely controlled by local committees under the command of the Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia . As the weeks passed, the Catalan government progressively recovered somewhat control until May 1937. In 1939, as the Spanish Civil War finished with

3822-602: The Catalan Republic was renamed Generalitat of Catalonia (Catalan: Generalitat de Catalunya) and given its modern political and representative function as the institution of self-government of Catalonia within the Spanish Republic. The restored Generalitat was ruled by a statute of autonomy approved by the Spanish Cortes in 1932 and included a parliament , a presidency , an executive council and

3920-457: The Catalan autonomy statute, but independent from the Generalitat in its check and balance functions, is the Síndic de Greuges ( ombudsman ) to address problems that may arise between private citizens or organizations and the Generalitat or local governments. The Parliament of Catalonia (Catalan: Parlament de Catalunya ) is the unicameral legislative body of the Generalitat and represents

4018-598: The Catalan government for collecting, managing and inspecting taxes. The agreement was validated by ERC's membership by 53% in favour to 44% against, as well as by the Republican Youth of Catalonia (JERC). On 31 July, the Comuns also reached an agreement with the PSC to support Illa's investiture, thus ensuring enough votes for an election in the first round of voting. Generalitat de Catalunya The origins of

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4116-604: The Catalan provinces. The Parliament building is located in Ciutadella Park , Barcelona . Established in 1932, after the granting of self-governance to Catalonia by the Second Spanish Republic , it went to exile in 1939 as a consequence of the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War . It was reestablished in 1979 during the transition to democracy . The most recent general election to

4214-509: The French "Généralités", which were also founded as taxing districts. The Pau i Treva de Déu (" Peace and Truce of God ") was a social movement born in the eleventh century promoted by the Church, united with the peasantry as the response to the violence perpetrated by feudal nobles. The hometowns, then, delimited a space protected of feudal violence. However, to ensure a coexistence climate, it

4312-587: The Generalitat and, right after the election, the institution began to pass progressive legislation in different areas, such as health, culture and civil law, however, the institution was suspended between 1934 and 1936 when the Government of Catalonia attempted to create a Catalan State within a Spanish Federal Republic after, among other reasons, the rightward turn of the Republican government by its inclusion of CEDA ministers, self-proclaimed anti-Marxist and anti-democratic totalitarian traditionalists close to

4410-448: The Generalitat are in the 13th century when permanent councils of deputies (deputations) were created to rule administration of the Courts of the different realms that formed the Crown of Aragon which gave birth to the Deputation of the General of the Principality of Catalonia (1359), the Deputation of the General of the Kingdom of Aragon (1362) and the Deputation of the General of the Kingdom of Valencia (1412). The modern Generalitat

4508-449: The Generalitat was maintained in exile from 1939 to 1977, when Josep Tarradellas returned to Catalonia and was recognized as the legitimate president by the Spanish government. Tarradellas, when he returned to Catalonia, made his often quoted remark " Ciutadans de Catalunya: ja sóc aquí " ("Citizens of Catalonia: I am back!"), reassuming the autonomous powers of Catalonia, one of the historic nationalities of present-day Spain. After this,

4606-842: The Museum of Modern Art was transferred in 2004 to the National Palace of Montjuïc, the new headquarters of the National Art Museum of Catalonia . Since then, the palace has been used exclusively for parliamentary purposes. It is now listed as a Cultural asset of local interest ( Bé cultural d'interès local in Catalan) in the Inventory of Catalan Cultural Heritage, with the number 08019/125. 41°23′17″N 2°11′20″E  /  41.38806°N 2.18889°E  / 41.38806; 2.18889 2024 Catalan regional election#Aftermath Pere Aragonès ERC Salvador Illa PSC The 2024 Catalan regional election

4704-512: The Official Journal of the Government of Catalonia (DOGC). The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the chamber at the time of dissolution. The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry , coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform

4802-499: The PSC and suggested that Junts would try and restore their previous coalition with ERC. On 13 May, Pere Aragonès announced his retirement from politics and ruled out ERC joining a coalition with Junts or the PSC, while the latter said that it was seeking to form a coalition with the support of ERC and Comuns Sumar and ruled out a Puigdemont-led government. On 29 July, ERC announced that it had reached an agreement to elect Illa as new regional president in exchange for executive powers to

4900-621: The Parliament was held on 12 May 2024. The first representative and legislative bodies in Catalonia were the Comital Court (Catalan: Cort Comtal ) of Barcelona, modelling after the Frankish curia regis , and the Peace and Truce of God Assemblies ( Assemblees de Pau i Treva ), of which the earliest record dates from 1027. The last ones were originally ad hoc, local meetings convened by the clergy ( Oliba , Bishop of Vic, who died in 1046,

4998-504: The President is absent, and four Secretaries, elected in the first session of each newly elected Parliament. The Bureau is tasked with managing the Parliament schedule and interpreting its rules of order , including the power to expel members from the sessions. There is also a second, consultative body, the Spokespersons' Council (Catalan: Junta de Portaveus , Spanish: Junta de Portavoces , Aranese: Conselh de Pòrtavotzes ), which

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5096-542: The Principality, was abolished. The Generalitat was restored in the Catalonia under Spanish administration in 1931 during the events of the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic when Francesc Macià , leader of the Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), declared the Catalan Republic within an Iberian Federation on 14 April but later reached an agreement with the Spanish ministers, in which

5194-497: The Republic (AxR), The Greens–Green Alternative (EV–AV), Independence Rally (RI.cat), Democrats of Catalonia (DC) and Left Movement of Catalonia (MESCat), and new ones such as Catalan State (EC) and Republican Youth of Lleida (JRL). The next day, it was revealed that Puigdemont would run under the "Together+Puigdemont for Catalonia" (Cat–Junts+) platform. Later, EV–AV announced that their party had not signed nor negotiated

5292-403: The Republican Left of Catalonia was elected the 132nd president of the Generalitat. Referendums Local The autonomous government consists of the Executive Council, the President and the Parliament. Some people wrongly apply this name only to the executive council (the cabinet of the autonomous government); however, Generalitat de Catalunya is the system of Catalan autonomous government as

5390-569: The Spanish Congress of Deputies . Following Podemos' withdrawal, CatComú and Sumar announced a joint list for the election under the name Comuns Sumar , with Jéssica Albiach as their main candidate. On 8 May, PSC, ERC, Junts, Comuns Sumar and CUP announced an Acord antifeixista (English: "Anti-fascist Accord"), an agreement that those parties would not enter into any coalition with Catalan Alliance or Vox . The key dates are listed below (all times are CET ): The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing

5488-481: The Spanish authorities, and it was temporarily suspended from 1934 to 1936. After the victory of the left in the Spanish elections of February 1936 the new Spanish government pardoned the Catalan government and the self-government was fully restored. Throughout the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) the Generalitat remained loyal to the Republic, assuming powers in areas belonging to the State in Catalonia, such as border controls, coinage, justice and defense. However, due to

5586-404: The Spanish government level, enhanced fiscal autonomy and finances, and explicit recognition of Catalonia's national identity; however the details of its final redaction were harshly fought and the subject became a controversial issue in the Catalan politics, with ERC, themselves members of the Tripartite, finally opposing it. In 2010, the Spanish Constitutional Court reduced the Statute voted in

5684-431: The Spanish government of Pedro Sánchez , as well as the controversial amnesty law that was agreed for in the 2023 Spanish government formation process, were said to be among the factors that influenced the loss of the pro-independence majority. The Parliament of Catalonia was the devolved , unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia , having legislative power in regional matters as defined by

5782-420: The alliance and were not a part of Junts since 2020. Puigdemont pledged to return to Spain for the election of the Catalan presidency, by which time he expects to avail of a proposed amnesty on Catalan separatists raised by Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez . Puigdemont also pledged to retire from politics if he loses the election. On 25 March, Catalan Alliance , a far-right party that led the local governments in

5880-420: The city of Barcelona, on 11 September 1714. After the destruction of the Citadel, in 1868, the old arsenal was converted into a palace by the architect Pere Falqués, in order to receive the royal family during the 1888 Barcelona Universal Exposition . In 1900, the building became the Local Museum of Decorative and Archaeological Arts ( Museo Municipal de Arte Decorativo y Arqueológico in Spanish). In 1932, after

5978-495: The creation of new Catalan Courts, partly modeled on the original ones. On the other hand, republican federalists and left-wing Catalan nationalists made their own proposals of a liberal and democratic Catalan assembly. The first achievement of Catalan nationalism (led at that time by the Regionalist League ), the Commonwealth of Catalonia (1914–25), was an institution composed by the provincial councils ( diputaciones ) of Barcelona , Girona , Lleida and Tarragona , which included

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6076-496: The defeat of the Republican side, the Generalitat of Catalonia as an institution was abolished and remained so during the Francoist dictatorship until 1975. The president of the Generalitat at the time, Lluís Companys , was tortured and executed on 15 October 1940 for the crime of 'military rebellion'. Nonetheless, the Generalitat maintained its official existence in exile , led by presidents Josep Irla (1940–1954) and Josep Tarradellas (1954–1980). The succession of presidents of

6174-405: The defunct Convergence and Union alliance. was elected President of the Generalitat of Catalonia . He was suspended from office on 27 October 2017, by the Spanish government. After a number of attempts to invest a new president, Quim Torra became president on 17 May 2018, with Together for Catalonia and Republican Left of Catalonia votes in favor. On 22 May 2021, Pere Aragonès from

6272-410: The ecclesiastical (clergy), the military (nobility) and the popular (villages and towns submitted to direct rule of the king). This union of the tree branches was named "Lo General de Cathalunya", where "General" means the political community of the Catalans as a whole. Is in 1289 when the first step into becoming an institution happens during the Courts celebrated in the castle of Montsó (located in

6370-404: The election, it was revealed that the People's Party (PP) and Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) were negotiating an electoral alliance that could be extended to the European Parliament election in June as well, but talks broke down on 22 March—causing the resignation of Adrián Vázquez as secretary-general of CS—after the regional branch of CS in Catalonia rejected its dissolution. The PP

6468-401: The fragmentation of the left-wing vote, as it had intended to contest the election on its own if an agreement could not be reached with their previous election partners, while blaming Catalunya en Comú for making an agreement "impossible". The relationship of Podemos with other Spanish left-wing parties had been deteriorating since it broke with the Sumar coalition and joined the Mixed Group in

6566-436: The full house after the shortest debate allowed by the rules of order. Thus, while control of the Bureau and the Spokespersons' Council is definitely important, it is not a critical matter as it sometimes becomes in other systems. The definition and functions of the Parliament of Catalonia are defined by the Title II, Chapter I of the Statute of Autonomy. According to the Statute, the Parliament: The official home of Parliament

6664-422: The functions of these are the representation of specific interests of the Government of Catalonia, trade and foreign investment, Catalan culture and language support, tourist promotion, and international cooperation activities. There are no specific Catalan political institutions in Northern Catalonia , other than the French département of Pyrénées-Orientales . However, since 5 September 2003, there has been

6762-428: The impact of the Feudal revolution during the regency of countess Ermesinde of Carcassonne (1018-1044). Their personal resources were particularly insufficient in periods of economic crisis or military expansion, of which they were many from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries. The need to secure troops and revenue led to the steady expansion of the Count's Court (Royal Court after the dynastic union of Barcelona and

6860-540: The legal/public order. The Generalitat of Catalonia can trace its origins in the Catalan Courts , as during the reign of James I the Conqueror (1208–1276) they reunited and were convoked by the king, as representatives of the social statements of the time. Under the reign of Peter the Great (1276–1285), the Catalan Courts gained institutional status, after the king obliged himself to celebrate an annual "General Court". The Catalan Courts exercised as Council and had legislative functions through its three branches ( braços ):

6958-420: The most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on

7056-558: The municipalities of Ripoll and Ribera d'Ondara , announced that they would be contesting the election with their leader, Sílvia Orriols , as their main candidate. On 27 March, Podemos announced that they would not contest the election. The party had contested previous elections within the En Comú Podem alliance, alongside Catalonia in Common (CatComú). In a statement, the party stated that they did not wish to contribute to

7154-440: The new Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia recognized the restoration of the Parliament. The first legislature of the current Parliament of Catalonia was elected on 20 March 1980 , 48 years after the first election in 1932. Convergència i Unió (CiU) a center-right Catalan nationalist electoral coalition won the plurality of seats, reaching 48 of 135 seats, and thus giving the presidency of the Generalitat to its leader Jordi Pujol ,

7252-510: The opposition for the first time after 23 years of Jordi Pujol 's government. On 18 June 2006, a reformed version was approved of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia and went into effect in August. In its inception, the reform was promoted by both the leftist parties in the government and by the main opposition party (CiU), which were united in pushing for increased devolution of powers from

7350-432: The people of Catalonia. Its 135   members ( diputats ) are elected by universal suffrage to serve for a four-year period. According to the Statute of Autonomy, it has powers to legislate over devolved matters such as education, health, culture, internal institutional and territorial organization, nomination of the President of the Generalitat and control the Government, budget and other affairs. The last Catalan election

7448-463: The polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 68 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Catalonia .    Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences. The table below lists opinion polling on the victory preferences for each party in the event of

7546-482: The powers given to the autonomous Catalan government according to the Spanish Constitution of 1978 were transferred and the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia ( Estatut d'Autonomia ) was passed after being approved both by referendum in Catalonia and by the Spanish parliament . José Montilla , leader of the Catalan Socialist Party, had been the president of the Generalitat until November 2010, he

7644-527: The proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic and the grant of self-government to Catalonia, the building was chosen by the newly created Catalan Parliament. The building was renovated by the decorator Santiago Marco, transforming the throne room into the session chamber, and on the facade the Bourbon coat of arms was replaced by the Blazon of Catalonia . The inaugural session was held on 6 December 1932. After

7742-599: The region shares jurisdiction with the Spanish government. One of the examples of Catalonia's degree of autonomy is its own police force, the Mossos d'Esquadra ("Auxiliary Force"), which has taken over most of the police functions in Catalonia which used to be served by the Civil Guard (Guardia Civil) and the Spanish National Police Corps . With few exceptions, most of the justice system

7840-403: The release of the election results, Salvador Illa said that "Catalonia has decided to open a new era". He was also congratulated by Pedro Sánchez for the "historic result". Carles Puigdemont observed that his party was the "only pro-independence force to increase in votes and seats" but acknowledged the offset suffered by other separatist parties. He also ruled out joining a coalition that included

7938-404: The relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election: Ahead of

8036-419: The right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by

8134-443: The sixtieth day from the call, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Monday, 31 March 2025. The president had the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of Catalonia and call a snap election , provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since a previous one under this procedure. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect

8232-436: The three estates: nobility, church and people. The tax became known was the drets del General or Generalitats . The council gained important political power during the next centuries, assuming tasks including that of prosecutor . In 1931, the name Generalitat was chosen by the legislators of the new self government to help legitimise their function. Catalan institutions which depended on the Generalitat were abolished in what

8330-506: The unrecognized referendum on Catalan independence from Spain in 2017, held a rally in Elne , France, near the Spanish border, saying that he would stand for office in the Parliament of Catalonia and seek to become regional president, which he had previously held prior to his exile. On 26 March, Puigdemont announced the "Vernet Accord", an electoral alliance between Junts and several minor pro-independence parties: his former allies of Action for

8428-434: The winning bloc would always win three quarters of the votes (68 seats), thus ensuring a majority, with the second biggest bloc being awarded the remainder (17 seats). This system heavily punished minor parties, making it extremely difficult for them to gain representation. The Parliament of Catalonia's Leadership resides in the Bureau of the Parliament comprising a President (Speaker), two Vice Presidents who chair debate when

8526-511: Was a notable instigator) but progressively became subsumed into the court of the Counts of Barcelona . The first Catalan legal code, the Usatges de Barcelona , was promulgated by Count Ramon Berenguer I based on the decisions of these assemblies. Although the counts of Barcelona, had greatly extended the territory under their control, their financial and military power was quite limited, due to

8624-480: Was also concerned on whether to keep Alejandro Fernández as the party's candidate or to replace him by another figure, such as former Health minister Dolors Montserrat . On 26 March, the PP confirmed Fernández as the party's candidate and Montserrat as campaign manager. On 21 March, Together for Catalonia (Junts) leader Carles Puigdemont , who fled to Belgium to avoid charges brought by Spanish authorities following

8722-449: Was attributed responsibility for a major decrease in the turnout of Spaniards abroad during the years it had been in force. The 135 members of the Parliament of Catalonia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation , with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to

8820-433: Was backed up by a tripartite coalition of left-wing and Catalan nationalist political parties. His party actually won fewer seats in parliament than the main opposition party, Convergence and Union, in the 2006 election , but as he gathered more support from MPs from other parties in the parliament, he was able to repeat the same coalition government that his predecessor ( Pasqual Maragall ) had formed in order to send CiU to

8918-562: Was control by the Republican Left of Catalonia ( Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya , ERC), which won the absolute majority of seats, while the conservative Regionalist League , almost hegemonic in Catalonia during the reign of Alfonso XIII , reached the second place but far from the Republican Left. Lluís Companys was appointed the first speaker of the Parliament. The Parliament appointed the ERC leader, Francesc Macià , as president of

9016-444: Was dissolved earlier. The regional president was required to call an election fifteen days prior to the date of expiry of parliament, with election day taking place within from forty to sixty days after the call. The previous election was held on 14 February 2021, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 14 February 2025. The election was required to be called no later than 30 January 2025, with it taking place up to

9114-505: Was elected as new president on 8 August 2024 with the support of ERC and Comuns Sumar and amidst a failed attempt by Puigdemont to thwart his investiture by returning to Barcelona while evading Spanish and Catalan police forces. The election outcome and Illa's election were widely seen as signaling the end of the Catalan independence process starting in 2012 and seeing at its height a major constitutional crisis in Spain and its subsequent trials . The conciliation policies carried out by

9212-473: Was established in 1931, as the institution of self-government of Catalonia within the Spanish Republic . After the end of the Civil War in 1940 the President was executed and the Generalitat abolished. Notwithstanding, the presidency went into exile until it was reestablished in 1977. Its headquarters are at the Palau de la Generalitat , in the city of Barcelona . Catalonia's political past as

9310-500: Was held on 12 May 2024 , and its current speaker ( president ) is Josep Rull , incumbent since 11 June 2024. The President of the Generalitat of Catalonia (Catalan: president de la Generalitat de Catalunya ) is the highest representative of Catalonia, and is also responsible of leading the government's action, presiding the Executive Council. Since the restoration of the Generalitat on the return of democracy in Spain,

9408-464: Was held on Sunday, 12 May 2024, to elect the 15th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia . All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The coalition government formed by Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) and Together for Catalonia (Junts) had broken up in October 2022, with president Pere Aragonès having to rely in the support of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) and In Common We Can (ECP) for stability. After

9506-464: Was necessary to go further, establishing an authority that prohibited the practice of any type of violent act anywhere in the territory. This was the objective of the assemblies of Peace and Truce of God, the first of which, in the Catalan counties, took place in Toluges (Roussillon), in 1027, under the presidency of Abbot Oliba , on behalf of Bishop Berenguer d'Elna , absent from the diocese because he

9604-531: Was on a pilgrimage. The origin of the Catalan Courts can be considered from the Peace of Truce of God. The Generalitat of Catalonia stems from the medieval institution which ruled, in the name of the King as Count of Barcelona, some aspects of the administration of the Principality of Catalonia . The Catalan Courts were the main institution of the Principality during its existence as a polity and approved

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