Caldas Novas ( Portuguese: [kawˈdɐz ˈnɔvɐs] ) is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Goiás . It is the largest hydro-thermal resort in the world.
57-510: Caldas Novas is located 170 km south of state capital, Goiânia . It belongs to the Meia Ponte Microregion , which has 338,147 inhabitants (2007) in 21 cities and a total area of 21,229.00 km. Highway connections are made by BR-352 / Bela Vista de Goiás / GO-147 / Piracanjuba / GO-217 / GO-139 / GO-213. Neighboring municipalities are: The city and region are served by Nelson Ribeiro Guimarães Airport . Besides
114-434: A complete list of distances see Seplan It became a municipality in 1989, dismembering itself from Caldas Novas . Rio Quente is in the Meia Ponte Microregion . Neighboring municipalities are: Rio Quente is famous for its hot water springs, which were discovered by Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva (son), in 1722 and received the name of Caldas Velhas. It is situated in a region of tropical climate—hot and humid—with rains in
171-541: A figure over 149 million liters every 24 hours. Attractions are the hotel complex and the only river with hot-water rapids in the Americas. This river is called the Ribeirão das Aguas Quentes. Rio Quente has one of the highest standards of living in the state of Goiás . The United Nations Human Development Index of 2000 ranks it in 7th place in the state (out of a total of 242 municipalities) and 460 nationally out of
228-582: A large portion of the economic activity. Second to agriculture are vehicle sales and service industry. Repairs, sales and reconditioning of vehicles are widespread and visible in all areas of the city. The third largest contributor to the economy is the government sector. As Goiânia is the state capital of Goiás, it is home to many federal and state government agencies that provide a large number of jobs. In recent years, modern telecommunications, with its supporting industry, has begun to expand into Goiânia. Many large Brazilian companies have established offices in
285-540: A period of 14 daily hours. The temperature of the water varies between 34 and 57 °C. The first references to the hot water of this region were published in Spain in 1545. In 1722, Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva , son of the famous bandeirante , Anhangüera, turning off the trail blazed by his father years before, discovered the thermal springs that form the Rio Quente. These were called Caldas Velhas and were located in
342-471: A plan to move the capital to the edge of the Araguaia river. The impetus behind the efforts to move the state capital was the need to locate it in accordance with the economic interests of the state. The first state capital , Vila Boa (today City of Goiás ), had been chosen when the economy was based on gold extraction. Later, when cattle-raising and agriculture came to dominate the state's development,
399-553: A population of 2,173,141, presents a population density of 782.5 inhabitants per 1 square kilometre (0.4 sq mi), the largest of its state. The Human Development Index Municipal (HDI) of Goiânia is considered high by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), at 0.832, the second largest of any state of Goiás (in 242 municipalities); third of all Midwest Region of Brazil (in 446) and 111 from all over Brazil (in 5507). Considering only
456-617: Is 2.92%; the top is 4.35%; and subjective poverty incidence is 4.35%. Among Brazil's metropolises , Goiânia has the lowest number of " favelas " (Portuguese for slums) according to data extracted from the 2010 census by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the IBGE . The IBGE named seven areas in Goiânia as being "subnormal agglomerations", a government term for irregular housing. In these locales, however, most of
513-472: Is a municipality in the south of the state of Goiás , Brazil . It is the site of a hot water spa known all over the country. Rio Quente is 178 km. south of the state capital Goiânia and 360 km. southwest of Brasília. Nearby cities are Morrinhos , 53 km. to the west, and Caldas Novas , 28 km. to the east. Connections with Goiânia are made by BR-352 / Bela Vista de Goiás / GO-147 / Piracanjuba / GO-217 / GO-139 / GO-213 / GO-507. For
570-453: Is an important economic hub of the region and is considered a strategic center for such areas as industry, medicine, fashion and agriculture. Goiânia has previously been described as having the largest green area per inhabitant in Brazil and the second-most in the world, after Edmonton , Alberta, Canada. With rapid population growth and urban expansion, satellite imagery shows the majority of
627-431: Is connected to the federal capital, Brasília , via a four-lane tolled highway ( BR-060 ) and to São Paulo via another four-lane tolled highway ( BR-153 ). The state of Goiás maintains the main artery roads (marked GO-xxx) in and out of the capital: four-lane roads GO-403, GO–020, GO–080, GO–070, and GO–060. As Goiânia was a planned city, the downtown cores (Setores Central/Oeste/Sul) are relatively easy to navigate. Along
SECTION 10
#1732801436951684-499: Is one of the largest/longest avenues in the city. It underwent major work in the late 1990s that created a dedicated bus lane for its entire length, with stations every 0.5 kilometer. The bus lanes are in the center of the avenue, giving it a distinct look. The fare to travel on the Anhanguera bus route is half of normal fare, and all buses on this route are articulated buses . Under the new contract, firmed in 2009, many aspects of
741-408: Is stored in a layer of quartzite and due to pressure is sent to the surface in a column 600 meters. The suspicion that the cold water of the reservoir of Usina Corumbá I could infiltrate the thermal watertable of Caldas Novas and Rio Quente has no basis, since the waters of the lake are at an elevation of 595 meters, well below the source of the water, at 644 meters. The municipality contains part of
798-601: Is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Goiás . With a population of 1,536,097, it is the second-largest city in the Central-West Region and the 10th-largest in the country. Its metropolitan area has a population of 2,890,418, making it the 12th-largest in Brazil. With an area of approximately 739 square kilometres (285 square miles), it has a continuous geography with few hills and lowlands, with flat lands in most of its territory, especially
855-450: Is the only city of South America that has the ITS technology of bus transport, but the buses are usually full. Unlike most Brazilian cities, there are no ticket collectors on the buses in Goiânia; all the fares are collected using magnetic paper cards and turnstiles. Passes are provided by SitPASS and can be purchased from street vendors or in small shops throughout the city. Anhanguera Avenue
912-617: The Meia Ponte River , in addition to Botafogo and Capim Puba streams. Goiânia has its origins as a planned city , founded on October 24, 1933, by then Governor Pedro Ludovico to serve as the new state capital and administrative center. Before this, the state capital was the town of Goiás . It is the second most populous city in the Central-West Region, only surpassed by the country's capital Brasília , located about 200 kilometers (120 miles) from Goiânia. The city
969-415: The water table is near the surface. Alpine pastures occur at higher altitudes and mesophytic forests on more fertile soils . More than 1600 species of mammals, birds and reptiles have been identified in the cerrado, including 180 reptile species, 113 amphibians , 837 birds and 195 mammals (WWF). Among the invertebrates , the most notable are the termites and the leaf-cutter ants ("saúvas"). They are
1026-439: The 12,315 hectares (30,430 acres) Caldas Novas State Park which protects a plateau region that is the main source of water for the geothermal aquifers of the region. One of the attractions of the resort is the constant renewal of all the water of the pools due to the great volume that springs from its main thermal springs. The volume of water produced by the springs results in a constant flow of 6,228,000 liters per hour, reaching
1083-655: The 12,315 hectares (30,430 acres) Caldas Novas State Park which protects the Serra de Caldas plateau region that is the main source of water for the geothermal aquifers of the region. Ecotourism is also present at Caldas Novas as the city is located near the Corumbá River and the Caldas Novas State Park. In the surrounding area there is a lake - Lago de Piratininga - with boiling water; a reservoir called Lago de Corumbá with 64 square kilometers damming
1140-609: The Citizens' Council for Public Security and Criminal Justice — that Goiânia ranks as the 40th most dangerous city in the world. The city is patrolled and under the watch of the Goias Military Police, which is responsible for responding to crime and maintaining check points in the city and state. The Military Police are normally dressed in light tan military uniforms while patrolling. The prosecution and investigations of crime and all administration issues are handled by
1197-490: The Civil police ( Policia Civil ). Within Goiânia traffic rules are enforced by the "AMT", whose members are traffic wardens with some minor police powers. This unit falls under the ownership of the city. Their responsibilities are to ensure road rules are enforced and attend to all accidents on the city streets. Goiânia is home to a large number of skyscrapers dominating the center and one-floor family homes spreading out across
SECTION 20
#17328014369511254-566: The Corumbá; and another river - the Rio Quente - which has natural warm water. One of the largest hotwater resort complexes in the world - Rio Quente Resorts - is located 20 kilometers to the west of Caldas in the municipality of Rio Quente . With seven hotels, a convention center, and 500 square kilometres of space it receives more than 1 million tourists a year. Goi%C3%A2nia Goiânia ( / ɡ ɔɪ ˈ ɑː n i ə / goy- AH -nee-ə , Brazilian Portuguese: [ɡo(j)ˈjɐniɐ] )
1311-490: The biggest parks is the Bosque dos Buritís with an area of 140,000 square m and containing many buriti palm trees, which have a yellow fruit. Parque Areião is home to monkeys native to the area. Almost all of the parks are surrounded by walking paths. Goiânia is known for being the ‘spring capital’ and was planned as a modern city, growing outside from the center. In the starting years this building plan worked well, but through
1368-448: The city. In addition, due to Goiânia being the state capital, it is home to countless private medical centers/clinics of all kinds. In 2005, the GDP of the city was R$ 13,354,065.00. In the same year, the per capita income for the city was R$ 11,119. The population of the municipality in 2011, according to the IBGE , was 1,302,001 inhabitants, being the most populous municipality in
1425-519: The contamination. The International Atomic Energy Agency report noted that city and state officials acted with remarkable speed to prevent further injury to the population. The former owner of the health clinic where the container was taken from was barred from retrieving some equipment from the building by court appointed guards. The owner then ominously warned that the guards would be responsible for what happened with "the Caesium bomb", referring to
1482-458: The cultural variety verifiable in Goiânia, there are religious manifestations present in the city. According to the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), the population of Goiânia is composed mostly of Catholics (50.8%), evangelicals (32.4%), and spiritists (4.2%). Approximately 10% of the population has no religion. It is also home to a number of practitioners of other religions (2.3%). Notable institutes include: Goiânia
1539-467: The education, the index value is 0.933 (classified as very high), while Brazil's is 0.849. The longevity index is 0.751 (0.638 is Brazilian) and income is 0.813 (that of Brazil is 0.723). The city has most of the indicators high and similar to the national average according to UNDP. The literacy rate is 96.78% of adults. The incidence of poverty, measured by the IBGE, is 3.64%; the lower the incidence of poverty
1596-426: The green area is now at the periphery of its sprawling city limits, and the per-capita green area claim may need to be reviewed. The idea of creating a new state capital had been bounced around from early on in the state of Goiás. The first plan came from D. Marcos de Noronha who in 1753 wanted to establish the state capital in the municipality of Pirenópolis; again in 1863 José Vieira Couto de Magalhães put forward
1653-417: The hot water is produced by peculiar geological and topographic characteristics. For years it was thought that a volcano had existed in the area in whose crater rainwater infiltrated, heating at great depths and then returning to the surface by way of cracks in the rock. More modern studies show that there is no indication of volcanic activity in the region. Studies show that the water is formed by rainfall that
1710-476: The households do have electricity, water, and trash collection. While perhaps not fitting the criteria of favelas , Goiânia has several sectors, particularly on the outskirts, that are low income. Goiânia is a multiracial city as the result of intense migration. The populace has intimate connection with the settlement of the interior of the Brazilian center-west, gradually attracted mainly by migrants from
1767-427: The interior of Goiás and other regions in other states of Brazil. According to a survey in 2010, most migrants are from Minas Gerais , Bahia , Tocantins , Maranhão , São Paulo and Pará . According to the census of the IBGE 2022, in search of self-declaration, the population of Goiânia is composed of Multiracial (48.0%), White (43.6%), Black (7.9%), Asian (0.3%) and Amerindian (0.1%). Initially, Goiânia
Caldas Novas - Misplaced Pages Continue
1824-436: The land and established a ranch on the left bank of the river, which he named "Fazenda das Caldas". Gold was found in small quantities attracting prospectors and others in search of cures in the hot waters. In 1850 another settlement arose on the right bank of the river near the hot springs, where a church was soon built. In 1857 Caldas Novas became a district and in 1911 it became a municipality. The main source of income of
1881-432: The main herbivores of the cerrado, important to consuming and decomposing of organic matter , as well as constituting an important food source to many other animal species. While Goiânia's economy today is based on a variety of industries, the local economy's roots are found in the agricultural industry thriving in and around the city. The supply of agricultural equipment, tools, fertilizer and other products make up
1938-518: The months of November to March. The average annual temperature is 23 °C. Rio Quente is served by Nelson Ribeiro Guimarães airport located in the adjoining municipality of Caldas Novas. Economic activity is almost exclusively based on tourism, especially with the attraction of the Rio Quente Resorts , but there is some agriculture, cattle raising, small transformation industries, and government employment Economic Data Despite
1995-472: The municipal seat there are the "povoados" (villages) of Nossa Senhora de Fátima and Vila de Furnas; and the "aglomerados" (hamlets) of Junqueilândia, Paraíso and Sapé. In 1777 Martinho Coelho and Gustavo- Mauricio Silva De Carvalho Alves discovered the hot water springs that became known as Caldas de Piratinga, later changing the name to Caldas, on the banks of the Caldas River . The discover registered
2052-445: The municipality is tourism. Caldas Novas is known throughout Brazil as one of the largest hydrothermal resorts in the world so in the high season the city receives as many as 100,000 tourists and at carnival as many as 300,000 people. Almost two thousand people are employed in this sector. The infrastructure of the city has more than 80 hotels and pensions (12,000 beds), (many with heated swimming pools and all with hot water produced by
2109-523: The name Goiânia for the first time, signing a decree creating the municipality. The first buildings in this planned city, designed by Attilio Correia Lima, were inspired by art deco . The collection of buildings is still representative, with 22 of them listed as National Heritage. Mostly built in the 1940s and 1950s, they have been recognized by the National Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage . The 22 buildings and monuments are in
2166-634: The natural thermal system), chalets, clubs, nightclubs, bars and restaurants. (All data are from Sepin/IBGE) Economic Data (2007) Main agricultural products in ha.(2006) Farm Data (2006)in ha. In the United Nations Human Development Index Caldas Novas had a rating of 0.802,which ranked it 10 out of a total of 242 municipalities in the state of Goiás . Nationally it was ranked 533 out of 5,507 municipalities. In Caldas Novas there are 86 active wells, pumping an average of 1,200 m³ an hour, in
2223-468: The new airport can receive up to 6,5 million passengers a year. Aeródromo Nacional de Aviação handles general aviation operations. Goiânia is considered a safe city compared to most state capitals within Brazil. The average murder rate per year is under 450 persons per year according to the Goiás State Police. It was, however, found in a study in 2011 performed by a Mexican think tank —
2280-402: The old capital was considered remote. Legislators kept the idea of change alive for a long time. In 1891, the constitutional delegates officially included the idea of transferring the capital in the constitution, which was ratified in 1898 and again in 1918. Vaguely remembered until 1930, the idea became a reality during the government of Pedro Ludovico , who was the new governor appointed for
2337-420: The original center of Goiânia, as in the pioneering nucleus of Campinas , a town existing before Goiânia. Due to lack of maintenance, several of these buildings are in a state of disrepair. On September 13, 1987, a medical radiation source containing radioactive caesium-137 was stolen from an abandoned hospital in the city, causing four deaths and many non-fatal cases of radiation poisoning . The incident
Caldas Novas - Misplaced Pages Continue
2394-547: The place where the Rio Quente Resorts is now located. The most important study about the thermal ism of Caldas Novas and the Rio Quente was carried out by the state enterprise Furnas Centrais Elétricas, due to the possible influence of the Usina Hidrelétrica Corumbá I dam on the thermal water table of the region, which would be under the risk of cooling. According to Furnas, the phenomenon of
2451-439: The presence of the president of the republic, governors, and ministers. The name, Goiânia, came about in 1933 after a contest was held by a local newspaper . Readers from all over the state contributed, with some of the most popular names being Petrônia, Americana, Petrolândia, Goianópolis, Goiânia, Bartolomeu Bueno, Campanha, Eldorado, Anhanguera , Liberdade, Goianésia , and Pátria Nova, among others. In 1935 Pedro Ludovico used
2508-515: The public transportation are being changed: Santa Genoveva Airport is on the northeast side Goiânia. Six airlines fly out of this airport to destinations in Brazil. The new Santa Genoveva International Airport started operating in May, 2016. In total, the new airport has 34,100 m , 4 gates, 23 check-in counters, 11 elevators, 4 escalators, 3 baggage carousels and 3 inspection lines with X-ray and metal detectors. According to Infraero, with this structure,
2565-478: The quick growth the plan was not followed to the letter, with the exception of the green areas, causing severe infrastructure problems in some areas, in particular with the public transport and healthcare systems. In the Bosque dos Buritis is the Monument for World Peace, designed by Siron Franco . This monument contains a 7-meter high ampoule with walls of glass and the soil of more than 50 countries from all over
2622-419: The radiotherapy machine that would be responsible for the incident. The city has a tropical wet and dry climate ( Köppen : Aw) with an average temperature of 23.2 °C (73.8 °F). It has a wet season, from October to April, and a dry one, from May to September. Annual rainfall is around 1,300 mm (51 in). The lowest temperature ever recorded was 0.5 °C (32.9 °F) on July 18, 2000, in
2679-426: The small territorial dimension of the municipality (257.6 km ) there is a developed agriculture with production of rice and corn and raising of dairy cattle. Nevertheless, the main source of income is in the touristic complex called Rio Quente Resorts which attracts thousands of tourists all year round. It has 7 hotels, including the famous Hotel Pousada, the first to be built. The municipality contains part of
2736-417: The state and 12th in Brazil . The main reason for the large population in the vicinity of Goiânia and Brasília — that spurred the growth of the city and the region between it and the federal capital — making the axis Brasília-Goiânia's third largest agglomeration in the country, bringing together about nine million people. The metropolitan area of Goiânia is the tenth largest agglomeration urban Brazil, with
2793-411: The state of Goiás after the military revolt of 1930. In 1932, a commission was created to choose where the new capital would be built. The choice was the municipality of Campinas. The mayor at the time, Andrelino Rodrigues de Moraes , accepted the plan and donated about 242 acres of his land to build the new state capital. In 1933 the commission decided on the present location and the foundation stone
2850-531: The suburbs. 1.2 °C (34.2 °F) was the lowest recorded downtown, on July 9, 1938. However, such lows are very rare. Temperatures may fall below 12 °C (54 °F) every winter, mainly in the suburbs. The highest temperature ever recorded was 41.2 °C (106.2 °F) on October 7, 2020. The " cerrado " landscape is characterized by extensive savanna formations crossed by gallery forests and stream valleys and includes various types of vegetation . Humid fields and "buriti" palm paths are found where
2907-527: The verdant tree-covered plain. Many of the streets are lined with tropical fruit trees, and there are many parks with remnants of the original tropical vegetation. Thirty percent of the city area is planted in trees — 3.75 square kilometres (1.45 sq mi) of the 11 square kilometres (4.25 sq mi). The most important of these parks are the Parque Zoológico, Parque Vaca Brava, Parque Ecológico, Bosque dos Buritis and Parque Areião. One of
SECTION 50
#17328014369512964-541: The world. Every year on World Environment Day there will be scattered soil of a new country added. Another attraction is the Chico Mendes Botanic Garden, housing trees and flowers like bromelias, orchids, fruit trees and a lake. The municipality contains part of the 2,132 hectares (5,270 acres) Altamiro de Moura Pacheco State Park , created in 1992. Rio Quente Rio Quente ( Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u ˈkẽtʃi] ; "Hot River")
3021-471: The years, the planned urban development was replaced by the typical Brazilian way of urban growth, i.e., pure laissez-faire. Social and urban demands were neglected. Due to this lack of planning and reliable public transportation, Goiânia is the metropolis with the highest number of cars per capita in the country; there are 1,000,000 registered motor vehicles in the city. The many vehicles on the roads cause major congestion during peak times. The Railway line
3078-452: Was catalyzed by the Caesium salt giving off Cherenkov radiation once exposed to open air. The soft bluish glow attracted many curious citizens who would take grains of the salt for themselves and family members in the form of jewelry. Those who had not taken any of the salt but were in close contact with it also helped the spread of radiation sickness that set in within hours to days of exposure. Several city blocks had to be demolished due to
3135-464: Was closed in the 1970s, though the art deco station remains open to the public. Nowadays transportation of goods is carried out via the connecting highways . All public transportation is via bus. Bus service in Goiânia is provided by several transportation companies working under the municipality. There is a bus system map the can be founded in RMTC site. Buses run on a predictable time schedule. Goiânia
3192-632: Was laid. The plan was for a city of 50,000 with the shape of a concentric radius — streets in the form of a spoke, with the Praça Cívica as the center, with the seats of the state and municipal government — the Palace of Emeralds and the Palace of Campinas. In 1937, a decree was signed transferring the state capital from the Cidade de Goiás to Goiânia. The official inauguration occurred in 1942 with
3249-480: Was populated by migrants from the interior of Goiás. Its creation was crucial to the population growth in the state, since Vila Boa , the ancient capital showed signs of declining population, is considered a setback for the state. The founding of Goiânia is now considered a successful settlement of the Brazilian interior. Today, the population coming from Goiânia is predominantly Minas Gerais , Bahia , Tocantins , Maranhão , São Paulo and Pará , respectively. Like
#950049