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154-577: UOTC Members are part of the Army Reserve and are attested and paid when on duty. They are classed as Group B (Non Deployable). Officer cadets ( OF-D ) have no obligation to pursue a further career in the armed forces when they leave university and can resign from the UOTC at any time. UOTCs are led by officers and non-commissioned officers from the Regular Army and Army Reserve. Each UOTC unit

308-401: A "CCF" title on their rank slides, epaulettes, or other part of their uniform as appropriate in addition to any insignia of affiliated Army regiment or corps. Some contingents may also have the school or college name on rank slides. CCF (RAF) Officers wear 'RAF Air Cadets' on their rank sides, as although they are CCF, they are part of the wider Air Cadets family. Since the introduction of

462-401: A Commission therefore they cannot be mobilised for active service and are classed as Group B reservists during their time in the UOTC. being classed as untrained strength meaning remuneration does not attract X Factor and is not pensionable. Officer cadets can gain appointments as a Junior Under Officer (JUO), a Company Under Officer (CUO), or a Senior Under Officer (SUO) and can also apply to

616-828: A Home Guard unit. At its height the Corps rose to 1,500 members. Glasgow UOTC remains based at the drill hall in University Place. In 1909, the London University contingent of the Officers' Training Corps was formally raised in response to the recommendations of the committee formed by Lord Haldane. By autumn 1914 the University of London had enrolled 950 students in the UOTC. During the First World War, University of London OTC supplied 500 officers to

770-744: A Joint Recruiting Board were set up in the Drill Hall to deal with applications for commissions during the Second World War. Queen's UOTC is based at Tyrone House in Malone Road, Belfast . In November 1902 twenty students from Hartley University College raised a company, sanctioned by the War Office, which formed part of the 2nd Volunteer Battalion of the Hampshire Regiment . Members of the company were commissioned into

924-598: A Regular commission, they must undertake the full regular commissioning course which takes 42 weeks at Sandhurst. There is no obligation for Officer Cadets of the UOTC, to go to AOSB and finish the Reserve officer, Commissioning Course , or undertake the Regular Commissioning Course . and some choose to not continue training with the Armed Forces after University. The overall commander of

1078-762: A battery of artillery and medical and engineering units. During the First World War, Cambridge UOTC supplied 3,000 officers to the British Army between August 1914 and March 1915: this was more than any other UOTC. During the Second World War, Cambridge UOTC raised the 8th (Cambridge University) Cambridgeshire Battalion of the Cambridgeshire Regiment . Cambridge UOTC is based at the Army Reserve Centre in Coldham's Lane, Cambridge . The University College Nottingham Officers' Training Corps

1232-563: A few signals units in a category called TAVR III, designed for home defence, but, months later in January 1968, these were all earmarked to be disbanded, with 90 becoming eight-man "cadres". In November that year, the call-out arrangements for TAVR II units were brought in line with TAVR I. In 1971, the new government decided to expand the TAVR which led to the formation of twenty infantry battalions based on some of these cadres. In 1979, again,

1386-458: A fighting unit is told by Alexander Rule in his book Students Under Arms . In February 1924, the War Office authorised the establishment of an infantry unit and the right to wear the Gordon tartan . The infantry unit was commanded initially by Major John Boyd Orr DSO MC (later John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr ). The pipe band was instituted in 1924 and became one of the most popular features of

1540-668: A further gesture of thanks, the gift of a silver cup by the Ulster Unionist MP for Dublin University , Sir Edward Carson ; the cup was ultimately gifted to the university itself in trust for its UOTC. Eventually, Dublin UOTC was disbanded following the partition of Ireland . In 1948, the senior OTC divisions became part of the Territorial Army (Now called the Army Reserve), and women were accepted for

1694-559: A joint Cadet force. In 2012 payouts made to victims of sexual abuse across all Cadet Forces, including the CCF, totalled £1,475,844. In 2013 payouts totalled £64,782, and in 2014 payouts totalled £544,213. CCF Contingents are part of the CCF, but are also part of their own school and as such are semi-autonomous organisations, run by internal school or school-related staff, supported by armed forces personnel. Army sections may wear their own capbadge. Royal Navy and Royal Air Force sections wear

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1848-783: A limited extent by law should they be compulsorily mobilised. There is, however, no legal protection against discrimination in employment for membership of the Army Reserve in the normal course of events (i.e. when not mobilised). Before the creation of the Territorial force, there were three "auxiliary forces"—the Militia, the Yeomanry, and the Volunteers. All militiamen over 19 could join the Militia Reserve, accepting

2002-475: A major role in the Iraq and Afghanistan operations, bottoming at an estimated 14,000. From 2011 that trend was reversed and a new target of 30,000 trained manpower set with resourcing for training, equipment and the emphasis restored to roles for formed units and sub-units. During periods of total war , the Army Reserve is incorporated by the royal prerogative into Regular Service under one code of Military Law for

2156-650: A member of an effective military team, the second year teaches the Reserve Officer Training Module Bravo. Officer Cadets learn how to manage soldiers, equipment, and the battlefield. This involves everything from planning an attack, to giving effective orders and ensuring they are carried out and from directing a constructive debrief after an exercise to ensuring the welfare of all of those under command. This year Senior Officer Cadets may hold appointments in their UOTC Unit such as Junior Under Officer and Senior Under Officer, and will mentor

2310-600: A military background. On 12 May 1859, the Secretary of State for War, Jonathan Peel , sent out a circular letter to the public schools and universities inviting them to form units of the Volunteer Corps . The first school cadet corps was established at Rossall School in February 1860, initially as an army contingent only. Felsted already had an armed drill contingent at the time of the War Office letter under

2464-534: A mixture of formed units and individuals. In Tony Blair's Strategic Defence Review of 1998, the TA's size was reduced to 41,200. In 2003, 9,500 reservists were mobilised to take part in Operation TELIC , the invasion of Iraq . Reservists were deployed in a mixture of formed bodies and as individuals. For example, a formed sub-unit from 131 Commando Squadron Royal Engineers opened up a beach landing point on

2618-608: A new government planned further expansion. In the Reserve Forces Act of 1982, the Territorial Army title was restored, and, in the following years, its size was again increased, together with new equipment and extra training, the target being 86,000 by 1990. Some brigades were re-formed which consisted mostly of TA units, including two out of three brigades for a new reserve division for the British Army of

2772-680: A number of service companies were raised from volunteer units, employed as integral companies of their sister regular battalions, and were well regarded in the field. The decision was taken in late December to form a new force, the Imperial Yeomanry, to consist of mounted infantry. Whilst the Yeomanry provided many of the officers and NCOs, only a small number of the junior ranks came from existing Yeomanry regiments, with some more from Volunteer corps. The units performed well, but recruiting proceeded in fits and starts—recruitment stopped in May, and

2926-548: A parachute brigade were to remain allocated for NATO and the defence of Western Europe; the other eight divisions were placed on a lower establishment for home defence only. The territorial units of the Royal Armoured Corps were also reduced in number to nine armoured regiments and eleven reconnaissance regiments. This was effected by the amalgamation of pairs of regiments, and the conversion of four RAC units to an infantry role. The new parachute brigade group become

3080-652: A result, some TA divisions had made little progress by the time the Second World War began; others, who had started from a stronger position, were able to complete this work within a matter of weeks. The TA's war deployment plan envisioned the divisions being deployed, as equipment became available, in waves to reinforce the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) that had already been dispatched to Europe. The TA would join regular army divisions when they had completed their training. In 1938, it

3234-568: A retired Senior Non-commissioned Officer (SNCO) or Warrant Officer . Although they are civilians, they retain their rank as a courtesy and are employed by the school to instruct and assist in the running of the Contingent. Whilst the majority of the SSIs are (former) SNCOs it is also possible for them to be a Cadet Forces commissioned officer. There is usually only one SSI per Contingent and they are also supported by other external staff, including

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3388-636: A sizable force of regular troops was based in the United Kingdom for service as an expeditionary force, over and above the troops already stationed overseas. However, once the decision was taken to send a corps-size field force to fight in the South African War, the system began to show a strain. By the end of January 1900, seven regular divisions, roughly half of their manpower from the Regular and Militia Reserves, had been dispatched leaving

3542-588: Is "to encourage those who have an interest in the services to become Officers of the Regular or Reserve Forces", and a significant number of British military officers have had experience in the CCF. Before 1948, cadet forces in schools existed as the junior division of the Officers' Training Corps framework, but in 1948 Combined Cadet Force was formed covering cadets affiliated to all three services. As of 2019, there were 42,720 cadets and 3,370 Adult Volunteers. The MOD provides approximately £28M per year of funding to

3696-588: Is a youth organisation in the United Kingdom , sponsored by the Ministry of Defence (MOD), which operates in schools, sub divided into Royal Navy , Royal Marines , Army and Royal Air Force sections. Its aim is to "provide a disciplined organisation in a school so that pupils may develop powers of leadership by means of training to promote the qualities of responsibility, self reliance, resourcefulness, endurance and perseverance". One of its objectives

3850-738: Is also opportunity for Officer cadets to represent the army in sports. The emergence of the Officers' Training Corps as a distinct unit began in 1906, when the Secretary of State for War , Lord Haldane , first appointed a committee to consider the problem of the shortage of officers in the Militia , the Volunteer Force, the Yeomanry , and the Reserve of Officers. The committee recommended that an Officers' Training Corps be formed. The Corps

4004-641: Is based at the Artillery Grounds in Whiteladies Road, Bristol . Cambridge UOTC claims descent from a unit raised in 1803, when, with Britain under threat of French invasion , undergraduates from the University of Cambridge formed a corps of Volunteers to help defend British shores. Thereafter, the Cambridge University Rifle Volunteers (CURV) was formally raised in 1860. During British involvement in

4158-716: Is effectively an independent regiment (since 2011, four UOTCs are in joint units, Leeds UOTC and Sheffield UOTC form the Yorkshire Officer Training Regiment , and Liverpool UOTC and Manchester and Salford UOTC form the North West Officer Training Regiment ) with its own cap badge and other insignia, its own stable belt and its own customs and traditions. UOTCs also organise non-military outdoor pursuits such as hill walking and mountaineering as well as fielding teams in other sports which compete against each other, there

4312-697: Is fire-retardant and consists of a blue shirt, blue trousers, blue heavy wool jersey, beret, with CCF badge and black boots. Royal Marines sections wear the bronzed Royal Marines cap badge of other ranks with a red "tombstone" backing on a blue beret with MTP (Multi-Terrain Pattern) clothing, and either brown or black boots. They may also wear a version of No.1 Ceremonial Uniform with Cadet insignia for special occasions. Working uniform The Army Section dress regulations are set out in Army Dress Regulations, Part 8 (Cadets) . and Cadets wear

4466-599: Is identical to the uniform of the ATC and regulations for its wear can be found in ACP1358. Most RAF sections wear combat clothing, formerly the CS95 DPM standard, but many now wear Multi-terrain pattern uniform (MTP). Officers, Adult Warrant Officers and Senior Non-Commissioned Officers and cadets wear RAFAC Cadet formation flash. The MOD Sponsored Cadet Forces Statistics are published annually. Statistics are provided for

4620-461: Is normally the parade uniform for the CCF (RN) and consists of a white shirt, black tie, blue trousers, and blue heavy wool jersey, worn with plain black shoes; a brassard (armband) should be worn on the right arm, displaying qualification badges. Number 4 uniform is the standard working uniform of the Royal Navy, in one form or another it has been in existence for over 60 years. This uniform

4774-668: Is now based at Crawford Hall in Allerton . Since September 2011 it has formed part of the North West Officer Training Regiment. In 1898 the University of Manchester raised a company, sanctioned by the War Office, which was known as N Company of the 2nd Volunteer Battalion, Manchester Regiment . In 1908 N Company became the Manchester University contingent of the Officers' Training Corps. Some 314 members of Manchester University died in

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4928-596: Is separate from the Regular Reserve whose members are ex-Regular personnel who retain a statutory liability for service. The Army Reserve was known as the Territorial Force from 1908 to 1921, the Territorial Army (TA) from 1921 to 1967, the Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve (TAVR) from 1967 to 1979, and again the Territorial Army (TA) from 1979 to 2014. The Army Reserve was created as

5082-537: Is sometimes worn, but a "CCF" pin must be worn. RAF cadets wear a version of the RAF No.2 dress . This consists of either light blue shirt and tie or a dark "working" blue shirt, blue-grey trousers or skirt/slacks, a blue-grey jumper: V-neck or round neck version, and an RAF blue beret with the RAF cap badge . They also wear a brassard to distinguish themselves as cadets. Except for the cap badge and brassard badge, this

5236-567: The 44th Independent Parachute Brigade Group . British forces contracted dramatically as the end of conscription in 1960 came in sight as announced in the 1957 Defence White Paper . On 20 July 1960, a reorganisation of the TA was announced in the House of Commons. The territorials were to be reduced from 266 fighting units to 195. There was to be a reduction of 46 regiments of the Royal Artillery, 18 battalions of infantry, 12 regiments of

5390-744: The Army Officer Selection Board (AOSB), which, if they pass, leads to the opportunity to complete the Army Reserve Commissioning Course with the goal of commissioning as a second lieutenant . Each UOTC Unit have a similar processes of joining, that begins with the candidate finding the UOTC that recruits from their university and getting in contact with them through their page on the Army website or at their university's freshers fair and apply. Most UOTCs then conduct interviews and selections to narrow down

5544-514: The First World War , the OTCs became officer producing units and some 20,577 officers and 12,290 other ranks were recruited from the OTCs between August 1914 and March 1915. The Munich Crisis saw a huge increase in recruitment to military units generally and OTCs in particular as large numbers of people volunteered for military service in the prelude to the Second World War . At the start of

5698-656: The L81 Cadet Target Rifle . Cadets in the Royal Navy section receive instruction in boat-work and other naval subjects (including flying with the Fleet Air Arm ). The Royal Navy also offers many CCF courses during the school holidays which are open to any members of any CCF. The Royal Marines section, although a part of the Navy, tend to train independently, covering battle drills, weapons handling and marksmanship, fieldcraft, camouflage and concealment and

5852-587: The No. 8 Combat Dress - Multi-Terrain Pattern (MTP) uniform ('combats') for most occasions. All cadets wear a rank slide with the word "CADET" in embroidered red capital letters at the top, any rank is then shown underneath in black. Cadets may be given permission to wear a stable belt of CCF, school, or affiliated unit pattern. Cadet Force Adult Volunteers (CFAVs) wear rank slides with "CCF" underneath. Tactical Recognition Flashes are not to be worn by CFAVs or cadets of

6006-873: The Office for National Statistics , usually in April. In November 2019 the Government announced that it had achieved its target of 500 contingents under the Cadet Expansion Programme (CEP) All cadet ranks are standard non-commissioned ranks, prefixed by "Cadet". The highest rank depends on the size of the contingent, but are usually Cadet Regimental Sergeant Major , (Army and RM Sections) and Cadet Warrant Officer (RN and RAF Sections). Some contingents may have Junior (and sometimes Senior) Under Officers . Cadet Under Officers' rank badges are blue bands 12 mm wide across each shoulder slide, with

6160-581: The Royal Artillery becomes Bombardier.) Cadet Force Adult Volunteers (CFAVs), who are the uniformed civilian staff that work in the school contingents, provide training to the cadets. Unlike the other cadet organisations (ATC/SCC/ACF), most adult volunteers are commissioned officers, the exception often being the School Staff Instructor (see below) and the newer position of Sergeant Instructor (SI). CCF officers are not members of

6314-399: The Second Boer War in 1899 there was a public focus on volunteering for the forces serving in South Africa. In response to this, a detachment was sent to South Africa. Attached to the Suffolk Regiment , the CURV men reported for duty on 20 January 1900 in Bury St Edmunds . On 11 February, they sailed from Southampton on the SS Doune Castle , arriving in Cape Town on 7 March. Initially

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6468-430: The Special Air Service , in North Africa, which fathered several other special forces units, including the Special Boat Service . After VJ Day in August 1945, the Territorial Army was reduced and re-structured. In 1947, the TA was restructured and expanded through the reactivation of some of the 1st Line divisions that were initially disbanded after the war, keeping its former role of supplying complete divisions to

6622-421: The Tennis Court in some of the hardest fighting of the battle. Later the commander of the 14th Army, of which they were part, Field Marshal Slim , himself a pre-First World War Territorial became Chief of the Imperial General Staff and a strong promoter of the TA, coining the expression still in use today that Territorials are 'twice a citizen'. One pre-war Guards reservist, (then) Major David Stirling set up

6776-458: The University of Oxford formed in 1642, during the English Civil War . But the immediate origin of the present body is the 1st Oxfordshire (Oxford University) Rifle Volunteer Corps, formed in 1859 and established (together with many other volunteer corps across the country) in response to the threat of war with France. From 1881, the OURVC served as one of several volunteer battalions of the Oxfordshire Light Infantry and in 1887 it became known as

6930-431: The Woodlands area of Glasgow. In 1908, the Glasgow University contingent of the Officers' Training Corps was formally raised in response to the recommendations of the committee formed by Lord Haldane and consisted of three infantry companies and an engineering company. The new unit was located in its own drill hall at University Place on the Glasgow University campus. During the First World War, UOTC members were amongst

7084-401: The "Edinburgh and Heriot-Watt Universities OTC" in 1966 and the "City of Edinburgh Universities OTC" in 1993. It moved to Duke of Edinburgh House in Colinton Road, Edinburgh in 1993. A UOTC was formed in Exeter in the late 1930s, but after supplying officers to the British Army during the Second World War, recruitment fell and the UOTC was placed in suspended animation in November 1947. The UOTC

7238-422: The 18th century were cavalry-based units, which were often used to suppress riots (see the Peterloo Massacre ). Several units that are now part of the Army Reserve bear the title "militia". In 1899, with the outbreak of the South African War , the British Army was committed to its first large-scale overseas deployment since the 1850s. The Cardwell Reforms of 1868–1872 had reformed the system of enlistment for

7392-454: The 1916 Easter Rising , Trinity College was targeted by the Volunteer and Citizen Army forces, but was successfully defended by a small number of unionist students, most of whom were UOTC cadets, as well as some staff. In the first meeting of the College Board following the Easter Rising, the Provost, J. P. Mahaffy , proposed a resolution expressing gratitude to those who had defended the university. In July that year, Dublin UOTC were offered, as

7546-412: The 1990s. The Liverpool University contingent of the Officers' Training Corps was formed in 1919 to provide military training for the students of the University of Liverpool . It occupied its own drill hall from 1928 and was re-organised on a faculty basis at the start of the Second World War but was re-unified again in 1955. At the turn of the century it was based at 128 Mount Pleasant in Liverpool but

7700-399: The 1991 Gulf War 205 Scottish General Hospital was mobilised as a unit based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and a number of TA staff officers and others volunteered and served during the conflict, either in supporting roles in Germany or within 1 (UK) Armoured Division in the Middle East. In December 1991, as part of the reductions in Options for Change, it was announced that the TA's establishment

7854-401: The 1st (Oxford University) Volunteer Battalion or the Oxford University Volunteers (OUV). In 1908, the Oxford University contingent of the Officers' Training Corps was formally raised in response to the recommendations of the committee formed by Lord Haldane. From 1912 to 1918, the Oxford OTC was commanded by John Stenning , a fellow of Wadham College, Oxford. In September 1914, at the start of

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8008-413: The 1st Queen's Edinburgh Rifle Volunteer Brigade), which was raised on 31 August 1859. Some 90 volunteers from the University of Edinburgh joined the company. In 1908, the Edinburgh University contingent of the Officers' Training Corps was formally raised in response to the recommendations of the committee formed by Lord Haldane (the Haldane Reforms ). Haldane was Rector of the University of Edinburgh at

8162-411: The 46th being one of the digging" divisions with few anti-tank guns and artillery pieces. A London TA battalion, the Queen Victoria's Rifles deployed at Calais and fought off German reconnaissance forces before the arrival of the two regular sister battalions with whom they held the town for two crucial days shielding the Dunkirk evacuation. Further south, The 51st fought in a rearguard action with

8316-429: The 5th Battalion of the Hampshire Regiment in 1914 and served on the Western Front during the First World War. A separate UOTC was formed in Southampton in November 1937, and the relationship with the Hampshire Regiment discontinued. However, after supplying significant numbers officers to the British Army during the Second World War, recruitment fell and the UOTC was placed in suspended animation in April 1951. The UOTC

8470-454: The Al Faw Peninsula and then two further crossing points on sequential watercourses for tanks in the attack on Basra. The Royal Yeomanry mobilised Regimental Headquarters (RHQ) and two sub-units to deliver the UK's Chemical, Radiological, Biological, and Nuclear counter-measures for Operation TELIC. At the peak in 2004, reservists made up 20% of Britain's strength in Iraq. Junior Training Corps The Combined Cadet Force ( CCF )

8624-416: The Army Council, under Kitchener's direction, agreed that TF units volunteering en bloc for overseas service should be sent to France, while Kitchener set in hand the machinery for the recruiting of an entirely separate 'New Army' of what came to be known as Kitchener units, in parallel with the expansion of the Territorial Force. These New Army units were given priority for equipment, recruits and training over

8778-434: The Army Reserve increasingly providing routine support for the Regular Army overseas including the delivery of composite units to release regular units from standing liabilities; including Bosnia, Kosovo, Cyprus and the Falkland Islands. Some 2,800 TA personnel volunteered for and deployed on Operation Resolute from 1995 to 1998, the UK's contribution to the NATO mission to enforce peace in the Former Yugoslavia . These were

8932-421: The Borough of Cambridge and on 21 December 1904, three years later, CURV was granted the battle honour "South Africa 1900-01". Cambridge is the only UOTC to have earned a battle honour. In 1908, Cambridge University contingent of the Officers' Training Corps was formally raised in response to the recommendations of the committee formed by Lord Haldane and consisted of a battalion of infantry, a squadron of cavalry,

9086-481: The Bristol UTC during the course of the First World War and, of these, some 105 were killed in action during that war. In 1925 it provided the Guard of honour for the visit of King George V and Queen Mary to Bristol to open buildings for the University of Bristol . It undertook its training collectively with other universities until 1928 when it arranged its own annual camp. During the Second World War twenty-one cadets volunteered for immediate service. Bristol UOTC

9240-409: The British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain met with German Chancellor Adolf Hitler in September and brokered the Munich Agreement . The agreement averted a war and allowed Germany to annex the Sudetenland. Although Chamberlain had intended the agreement to lead to a further peaceful resolution of issues, relations between both countries soon deteriorated. On 15 March 1939, Germany breached

9394-402: The British Army between August 1914 and March 1915 alone. Some 665 officers, trained by the ULOTC, died during the whole of the First World War and some 245 officers, trained by the ULOTC, died in the Second World War. The University of London OTC is the largest UOTC with about 400 officer cadets. It has been based at Yeomanry House in Handel Street, London since 1992. In 2011, Canterbury Company

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9548-413: The CCF. There are approximately 500 contingents (the name for each school or college's CCF) in the UK. Although sponsored by the Ministry of Defence, the CCF is not part of the British Armed Forces or Reserve Forces; as such, cadets are not subject to military 'call up'. Some cadets do, however, go on to join the armed forces later in life, and many of the organisation's leaders have been cadets or have

9702-429: The Cadet Forces Commission was introduced and since then this type of commission has been held by all CCF officers. All CCF adult induction/basic/initial courses cover the basic skills needed for CFAVs who wish to serve in the CCF, such as drill and turnout, leadership and teamwork tasks, weapon training, navigation, etc. Supporting officers in the running of the Contingent is the School Staff Instructor (SSI) - usually

9856-451: The Cadet Forces Commission, ranks do not indicate membership of the British Armed Forces . Each of the CCF sections have different syllabi with a degree of overlap. All the sections learn drill and all cadets are trained to fire the L98A2 5.56 mm Cadet General Purpose rifle, a semi-automatic only version of the L85A2 used by the UK armed forces. There are also opportunities to fire the L144 A1 Cadet Small Bore Target Rifle (CSBTR) and

10010-417: The Cambridge Volunteers worked as guards on the railway lines around Cape Town, but then marched with the Suffolk Regiment as part of General Bryan Mahon 's column to attack a Boer position in Barberton in September 1900. With a large welcome home awaiting them, including a service in Great St Mary's Church , the volunteers were back in Cambridge on 6 May 1901. All the Volunteers were made Honorary Freemen of

10164-421: The College of Medicine in Newcastle, both now part of Newcastle University ) served in the First World War, with 325 being killed, along with 525 members of Bede College (then an associated college rather than part of the university), of whom 91 were killed. In a serious accident in April 1955, four officer cadets from the UOTC were killed when they were hit by a de Havilland Chipmunk at Otterburn . Following

10318-425: The Combined Cadet Force, irrespective of any affiliation to a Corps or Regiment. Cadets and CFAVs do wear county and contingent flashes. Ceremonial uniform No. 2 Dress (also known as Future Army Dress (FAD)) is not issued to Cadets or CFAV but may be worn. Evening Dress Mess Dress is also worn, by CFAVs only and at personal expense only, it is not an issued item. Rank (depending on regimental custom)

10472-435: The Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in Ireland. During the First World War, training was increased for UOTC members being commissioned into newly formed battalions. By the end of the war almost 1,200 commissions had been obtained by cadets who had passed through the ranks of the contingent. In 1930 the Corps' title was changed to the "Queen's University, Belfast Contingent of the Officers' Training Corps". A Reception Unit and

10626-399: The Community Cadets (the Sea Cadet Corps and Volunteer Cadet Corps (VCC), Army Cadet Force (ACF) and Air Training Corps (ATC)) and the Combined Cadet Force. The Volunteer Cadet Corps (VCC) is included in these statistics for the first time, as its status changed to become the fifth MOD sponsored cadet force in 2017. The strength of CCF, both Cadets and CFAVs is published every year by

10780-399: The First World War and another 200 members of the university died in the Second World War. The unit was based at a Drill Hall in Stretford Road, but since 1994, has been based at University Barracks in Boundary Lane, Manchester 15 . Since September 2011 it has formed part of the North West Officer Training Regiment. Oxford UOTC claims descent from the bodyguard to Charles I that students of

10934-400: The First World War the university processed some 2,000 applications for commissions in the British Army and another 3,000 subsequently passed through its School of Instruction. The OTC was based at Yeomanry House in Manor Road from 1929, but moved to Harcourt House in Marston Road from 1994 and moved again to purpose-built facilities at Falklands House in Oxpens Road in 1998. In October 1908,

11088-588: The New Army was still forming and training. Many of the Territorial units suffered immediate heavy casualties and on the night of 20 April 1915 Second Lieutenant Geoffrey Woolley of the Queen Victoria Rifles, secured the first of the 71 Victoria Crosses won by Territorials in the First World War. General Sir John French , General Officer Commanding the BEF, later wrote 'Without the assistance which

11242-576: The Queen's University contingent of the Officers' Training Corps was formally raised in response to the recommendations of the committee formed by Lord Haldane. Parades were held in the old gymnasium which occupied the site of the former Drill Hall located south of the Queen's University Belfast Students' Union. A Drill Hall was subsequently built at the cost of £4,000 and officially opened on 20 November 1912 by Brigadier General Count Gleichen , who deputised for

11396-527: The RN's Area Instructors, various Brigade Cadet Training Teams (CTTs) and RAF TEST SNCOs. Like the community cadet forces, some Contingents may have one or more Civilian Instructors (CI). These are adult volunteers who may instruct in either a specialist (first aid, signals, etc.) or more generalised role when the establishment level of officers does not include sufficient suitably qualified and experienced personnel to teach these subjects. Many are members of staff at

11550-490: The Regular Army so that recruits now served for six years with the colours and then a further six years liable for reserve service, with the Regular Reserve. The administrative structure of the Army had been further reinforced by the creation of regimental districts, where regular infantry regiments were paired together to share a depot and linked to the local militia and volunteer units. The reforms had ensured that

11704-399: The Regular Army, with many of their best and most experienced men already deployed with regular units as members of the Militia Reserve. The dominions and colonies provided 57 contingents, overwhelmingly of volunteer forces as none had a substantial full-time force; those from Canada alone numbered some 7,400 Altogether, Britain and her empire deployed some half a million soldiers. After

11858-469: The Regular Army. Under multiple political pressures, Haldane altered the public purpose of the Territorial Force in his Territorial and Reserve Forces Act to home defence, at the last moment but did not alter the planned structure. During the First World War, by the end of April 1915, six full Territorial divisions had been deployed into the fight. Between the wars the Territorial Army (as it

12012-743: The Rhine (BAOR). In addition, a new organisation was established, the Home Service Force, with a separate target of 4,500, composed of older ex-regulars and territorials to guard key points. As the Cold War intensified, the scale and pace of exercises involving the TA in its war roles increased. Two large-scale exercises were mounted testing the Army's ability to reinforce BAOR, Crusader in 1980 and Lionheart in 1984. The latter involved 131,000 British service personnel, including 35,000 Territorials, together with US, Dutch and German personnel. This

12166-624: The River Forth. The concern at the time was that St Andrews, as the senior university might not agree with this name, however as the River Tay and the River Forth are the boundaries of the Kingdom of Fife, within which St Andrews is located, it was approved by the MEC. Army Reserve (United Kingdom) The Army Reserve is the active-duty volunteer reserve force of the British Army . It

12320-527: The Royal Artillery were disbanded, with nine others passing into "suspended animation" as new English Electric Thunderbird Surface to Air Missile units replaced them. On 20 December 1955, the Secretary of State for War informed the House of Commons that the armoured divisions and the 'mixed' division were to be converted to infantry, and the 16th Airborne Division reduced to a parachute brigade group. Only two divisions (43rd and 53rd), two armoured brigades, and

12474-651: The Royal Engineers and two regiments of the Royal Corps of Signals. The reductions were carried out in 1961, mainly by amalgamating units. Thus, on 1 May 1961, the TA divisional headquarters were merged with regular army districts, which were matched with Civil Defence Regions to aid mobilisation for war. The Army Reserve Act of April 1962 made provision for a new TA Emergency Reserve (TAER), within existing TA units, who could be called out without Royal Proclamation as individuals to reinforce regular units around

12628-602: The Second World War the UOTCs became Senior Training Units (STCs) and their membership automatically joined the Home Guard and in 1948 they became University Training Units (UTCs). From 1910 to 1922, Dublin University Officers' Training Corps recruited students at Trinity College Dublin , reinforcing the university's reputation at the time as a stronghold of Irish unionism and opposition to Home Rule . During

12782-478: The South African War, the Conservative government embarked on a series of reorganisations which had a negative impact on all the auxiliary forces. The Militia was heavily understrength and disorganised, whilst the number of recruits for the Volunteers was falling off and it was becoming apparent that many Volunteer Corps were headed towards financial collapse unless some action was taken. The Territorial Force

12936-472: The TA units which formed a majority of those which took part in the Narvik operation were untrained and had been subject to such turbulence, through expansion and reorganisation that many lacked cohesion. The failures of command, coordination and execution in that campaign led to a debate on its conduct with a no-confidence vote in the government. Partially as a result of lessons from Narvik, the Territorial Army

13090-478: The TA was to be 440,000: the field force of the Territorial Army was to rise from 130,000 to 340,000, organized in 26 divisions, while an additional 100,000 all ranks would form the anti-aircraft section. The forming Second Line formations were given liberty to be numbered and named as they saw fit, with some using related names and numbers from the First World War e.g. 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division formed in 1939. The immediate response to this announcement

13244-423: The Territorial Army but there were grave shortages of instructors and equipment. It was envisioned that the duplicating process and recruiting the required numbers of men would take no more than six months. In practice, existing TA units found themselves stripped of regular training staffs and often many of their own officers and NCOs to form and train the new units, long before their own units were fully trained. As

13398-567: The Territorial Force in 1908 by the Secretary of State for War , Richard Haldane , when the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 combined the previously civilian-administered Volunteer Force , with the mounted Yeomanry (at the same time the Militia was renamed the Special Reserve ). Haldane planned a volunteer "Territorial Force", to provide a second line for the six divisions of the Expeditionary Force which he

13552-560: The Territorials afforded between October 1914 and June 1915, it would have been impossible to hold the line in France and Belgium. Other Territorial formations were dispatched to Egypt and British India and other imperial garrisons, such as Gibraltar , thereby releasing regular units for service in France and enabling the formation of an additional five regular army divisions by early 1915. Territorial divisions went on to fight in all

13706-454: The Territorials for the bulk of the war. Kitchener justified this, during the first few months of the war, on the grounds that the Territorial Force should focus mostly on home defence. In the first few days after the call for overseas service on 9 August, the result in many TF units was hesitant, with some units only recording around 50% volunteering, partly because men with families were reluctant to leave well-paid jobs especially while there

13860-463: The UOTC and a Women's Royal Army Corps sub-unit was formed; this has now been absorbed into the existing three sub-units. The unit is now based at Gordon Barracks in Bridge of Don . In 1900 the University of Birmingham raised a company, sanctioned by the War Office, which was known as U Company of the 1st Volunteer Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment . Captain W. E. Bennett, one of the staff of

14014-682: The UOTC is the Deputy Commandant RMAS (UOTC) an appointment held by a Colonel (OF-5) . The first military unit formed by the University of Aberdeen was a battery of the 1st Aberdeen Volunteer Royal Artillery , raised in December 1885. The battery was officered by members of the university staff and commanded by Captain William Stirling, then professor of physiology. In March 1895, the University Battery

14168-472: The United Kingdom, each of which serves the universities and Army Reserve units in a distinct geographic area. Those serving larger areas may have several detachments. Each UOTC is effectively an independent regiment , with its own cap badge , its own stable belt , and its own customs and traditions. UOTC members hold the rank of Officer cadet (OCdt), and are members of the Army Reserve , paid when on duty. They are not classed as trained ranks, and do not hold

14322-527: The addition of the letters CCF underneath. Cadets are promoted on their level of experience and their level of commitment to the cadet force. Also cadets are promoted on excellent or merit. Senior cadet's duty is to help the running of parades etc and to help their Contingent Commander or another officer of their contingent. The Naval Cadet that is in command of the naval section is also addressed as Coxswain . Army cadets ranks share associated regiment's equivalent rank title (e.g. Corporal in

14476-878: The appropriate RN/RAF other rank and officer capbadges. The CCF is separate from the Community Cadet Forces namely the Sea Cadet Corps , the Army Cadet Force and the Air Training Corps , and the Volunteer Cadet Corps . Pupils normally join at the age of 12 or 13 (Year 8), or later at the discretion of the Head, with both sexes able to take part. They may be issued with combat uniform if required and some schools have No 1 uniform for senior cadets. Number 3 uniform

14630-433: The armed forces and are usually teachers or other school staff. As such they are not subject to military law, but are subject to CCF Regulations they are subordinate to officers in the Armed Forces whether Regular or Reserve. Until 2017 CCF (Army) and CCF (RAF) officers were in special categories of the reserves of their service whereas CCF (RN) Officers were 'appointed' and did not hold commissions. However, on 1 December 2017,

14784-555: The army as a whole. An innovation in 1922 was the creation of two Air Defence Brigades to provide anti-aircraft defence for London. It appears that these two brigades relatively quickly became 26th and 27th Air Defence Brigades . During the 1930s, tensions increased between Germany and the United Kingdom and its allies . In late 1937 and throughout 1938, German demands for the annexation of Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia led to an international crisis . To avoid war,

14938-406: The army section is almost invariably the largest. The CCF movement used to be dominated by the independent sector with 200 contingents being based in independent schools with only around 60 in state schools. Since the Cadet Expansion Programme was launched the number of contingents has reached 500, beating the target set by the government. There are now more contingents in the state sector than in

15092-415: The chairmanship of the then principal Sir George Adam Smith. The War Office authorised the formation of a medical unit and appointed as Commanding Officer Major G A Williamson MA MD DPH. "U" Company had by this time become part of the 4th Battalion, Gordon Highlanders, and at the outbreak of the First World War was mobilised and sent to France, the only university contingent to go. The story of "U" Company as

15246-715: The command of Sgt. Major Rogers RM; its claim on these grounds to be the oldest school corps was upheld by Field Marshal Earl Roberts in a letter to the Headmaster of 1904. In February 1861 the Oxford City Rifle Cadet Corps was founded, with five companies, the first of which was composed of pupils of the Linden House School, a private school in Headington , and the second composed of pupils from Magdalen College School . In 1908,

15400-444: The country virtually empty of regular troops. This was the end of the planned mobilisation; no thought had been given pre-war to mobilising the Militia, Yeomanry or Volunteers as formed units for foreign service. On 16 December, the first request was sent from South Africa for auxiliary troops, and a commitment was made to send a "considerable force of militia and picked yeomanry and volunteers". The first Volunteer unit to be sent out

15554-524: The creation of Kitchener's Army. All TA recruits were required to take the general service obligation: if the British Government decided, territorial soldiers could be deployed overseas for combat that avoided the complications of the TF, whose members were not required to leave Britain unless they volunteered for overseas service. The composition of the divisions was altered, with a reduction in

15708-724: The creation of Newcastle University (formerly King's College, Durham University) in 1963, the unit became the "Northumbrian Universities Officers Training Corps": it was initially based at the Yeomanry Drill Hall in Northumberland Road in Newcastle, but moved to St George's Army Reserve Centre in Sandyford Road, Jesmond in 1975 and then moved again to St. Cuthbert's Keep at Holland Drive in Fenham in

15862-592: The duration of hostilities or until de-activation is decided upon. After the Second World War , for example, the Territorial Army, as it was known then, was not demobilised until 1947. Army Reservists normally have a full-time civilian job or career, which in some cases provides skills and expertise that are directly transferable to a specialist military role, such as NHS employees serving in Reservist Army Medical Services units. All Army Reserve personnel have their civilian jobs protected to

16016-588: The fight. The (Regular) Expeditionary Force of six divisions had been rapidly sent to the Continent, where, facing overwhelming odds, they secured the left flank of the French Army. Of the 90,000 members of the original BEF deployed in August, four-fifths were dead or wounded by Christmas. So the arrival of the Territorials, first as reinforcements and then in whole divisions came at a critical juncture, while

16170-612: The first time with the formation of Women's Royal Army Corps sub-units. Women are now fully integrated into all sections. The junior divisions, by then renamed the Junior Training Corps , became the Army Sections of the Combined Cadet Force . The units became University Officers' Training Corps (UOTCs) again in 1955. There are now fifteen UOTCs and two Officer Training Regiments (OTRs) throughout

16324-459: The first to volunteer, and Glasgow UOTC trained many potential officers for Kitchener's New Armies. By the summer of 1916, some 2,800 officers had been raised by the university. In the Second World War, conscription was introduced immediately, and every student was regarded as a potential officer. The UOTC's role was to train officers from those University students conscripted into the Army and to provide basic training for those who remained behind as

16478-528: The formation of Dundee University from University College Dundee, a part of the University of St Andrews in 1967, the unit became the St Andrews and Dundee UOTC. With the Addition of Stirling University the UOTC was renamed Tayforth UOTC , as St Andrews, Dundee and Stirling Universities OTC was considered a bit of a mouthful. The name Tayforth was chosen as Dundee is situated on the River Tay and Stirling on

16632-543: The independent sector. The expansion was funded by £50m from the fines arising from the LIBOR scandal . It was reported in 2008 that some independent school CCF detachments would be opened to pupils of local state schools One case of a fee-charging school allowing state school pupils to join the cadet force was Aldenham School in Watford , Hertfordshire linking its Cadet Force with the nearby state school Queen's to form

16786-628: The infantry reduced from 86 to 13 battalions and the yeomanry (armoured units) from 20 to one. Units in the new TAVR were divided into various categories: In addition were various miscellaneous units, such as OTCs and bands e.g. Northumbria Band of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers. In the face of a considerable Parliamentary battle, and a public outcry led by the County Associations , the government agreed to retain an additional 28,000 men in 87 'lightly armed' infantry units and

16940-615: The largely French forces along the Somme. At the same time, a small TA unit, the Kent Fortress Royal Engineers , carried out the first major commando-style operations of the war the XD Operations, destroying 2 million tons of crude and refined oil, along the coastline of France and the low countries. Meanwhile, units with little training and cohesion were also sent abroad, despite their lack of preparation;

17094-560: The less experienced Officer Cadets completing MOD A and MOD B. Some Officer cadets choose to go forward to the Army Officer Selection Board , to seek a commission from Sandhurst in either the Regular Army or Army Reserve. For those who choose the Reserve route, they can complete their reserve commission after successful completion of the AOSB by undertaking the remaining two training modules, MOD Charlie and MOD Delta, which can only be completed at Sandhurst and take two weeks each. For those who seek

17248-628: The liability to serve overseas with the Regular Army in case of war if called on to do so. The second element of the auxiliary forces was the Yeomanry , 38 regiments of volunteer cavalry which had historically been used as a form of internal security police. The third arm was the Volunteers , There were 213 rifle corps and 66 corps of artillery, though the latter were mostly coastal artillery or static "position batteries" and they did not constitute an organised field force. There were some engineer and medical units, but no service corps. The Yeomen of

17402-540: The list of candidates who applied. Candidates also need to undertake a British Army Medical Assessment. The overview of the training officer cadets receive is: Officer Cadets under take the Reserve Officer Training Module Alpha. This involves instruction in all basic military techniques, including drill , map reading, camouflage, first aid, weapons training, small unit tactics, radio procedure, and fieldcraft. Having learnt how to be

17556-493: The major battles of the war in France and Belgium and several campaigns further afield including Gallipoli . (See main article Territorial Force ). From 1916, as the war progressed, and casualties mounted, the distinctive character of territorial units was diluted by the inclusion of conscript and New Army drafts. Following the Armistice all units of the Territorial Force were gradually disbanded. The Territorial Force (TF)

17710-449: The majority deploying to Aden, where one of their officers, Lieutenant Mike Smith, won an MC. This was followed by a large reduction and complete reorganisation, announced in the 1966 Defence White Paper and implemented from 1 April 1967, when the title Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve (TAVR) was adopted. This abolished the former divisional structure of the TA. The size of the TAVR was to be reduced from 107,000 to under 50,000, with

17864-456: The number of infantry battalions required. There was also a reduced need for cavalry, and of the 55 yeomanry regiments, only the 14 most senior retained their horses. The remaining yeomanry was converted to artillery or armored car units or disbanded. The amalgamation of 40 pairs of infantry battalions was announced in October 1921. As part of the post-war " Geddes Axe " financial cuts, the TA

18018-521: The pro-Hanoverian University and the City of Glasgow against the absolutist Highland Jacobites. In 1880s, Glasgow professors such as William John Macquorn Rankine and students formed two infantry companies as part of the local 1st Lanarkshire (Glasgow 1st Western) Rifle Volunteers. This unit later became the 5th Battalion of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) , based at West Princes Street drill hall in

18172-612: The recommendations of the committee formed by Lord Haldane. Field Marshal William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim was a member of the Birmingham UOTC from 1912 to 1914. Birmingham UOTC is based at Montgomery House in Sparkbrook . In 1910, the Bristol University contingent of the Officers' Training Corps was formally raised in response to the recommendations of the committee formed by Lord Haldane. Some 1,000 men joined

18326-542: The regular Army until 1967. For the first time, TA units were formed in Northern Ireland . The maneuver divisions established or re-established in 1947 were: 52nd (Lowland) Division was re-established as a tenth, 'mixed' division in March 1950. The territorials also provided much of the anti-aircraft cover for the United Kingdom until 1956. In that year, Anti-Aircraft Command and 15 anti-aircraft regiments of

18480-473: The reorganisation, becoming Territorial battalions of Regular Army infantry regiments. Only one infantry unit, the London Regiment , has maintained a separate identity. The TF was formed on 1 April 1908 and contained fourteen infantry divisions , and fourteen mounted yeomanry brigades . It had an overall strength of approximately 269,000. Haldane designed it to provide a much larger second line for

18634-455: The school. The strength of CCF CFAVs is published every year by the Office for National Statistics , usually in April. At 1 April 2020 it was: CCF (RN) ranks are almost the same as for RN (and RNR ) officers (with the post-nominals '(CCF) RNR' used only in writing, not on insignia) but their rank braid is 'wavy' as used in the past by the RNVR . CCF (Army) officers are required to wear

18788-510: The six divisions of the Expeditionary Force which he was establishing as the centerpiece of the Regular Army. Under multiple political pressures, Haldane altered the public purpose of the Territorial Force in his Territorial and Reserve Forces Act to home defence, at the last moment. Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914. The next day, General - later Field Marshal - Haig , who had been central to Haldane's reforms and

18942-670: The terms of the agreement by invading and occupying the remnants of the Czech state . On 29 March, Secretary of State for War Leslie Hore-Belisha announced plans to increase the TA from 130,000 to 340,000 men and double the number of TA divisions. The plan was for existing TA units to recruit over their establishments (aided by an increase in pay for Territorials, the removal of restrictions on promotion which had hindered recruiting, construction of better-quality barracks and an increase in supper rations) and then form second-line divisions from cadres that could be increased. The total strength of

19096-493: The thirteen British divisions deployed, although three, 12th, 23rd, and 46th, were deployed, minus much of their equipment, as so-called 'digging divisions' to be used for infrastructure work. In practice, all of the divisions were heavily engaged in the fighting. The 42nd, 44th, and 48th took part in the stand on the River Escaut, The 50th, 42nd, and 46th were chosen for the final stand at the perimeter of Dunkirk, despite

19250-454: The time. 'A' Company of 3rd Battalion, Queen's Edinburgh Rifles, Royal Scots, (the old No 4 Company) and Left Half of 1st Heavy Battery, 1st Edinburgh (City) Royal Garrison Artillery (also populated by members of the university) transferred to the new contingent. Some 2,250 students from the university were commissioned during the First World War. The unit moved to the former Queen's Edinburgh Rifles' Forrest Hill drill hall in 1957: it became

19404-441: The unit expanded as all students of military age who had been granted deferment were required to enroll as part of a National Service obligation. At its peak, the unit was some 491 strong with four infantry companies , two medical companies and a signals section. Throughout the war, the unit in conjunction with the university ran special technical courses for Royal Artillery cadets, of which a total of 427 attended. In February 1943,

19558-424: The unit provided the backbone of the 9th City of Aberdeen (University Home Guard) Battalion, in addition to its normal role. In October 1948, Medical , Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers , Intelligence , Royal Engineers , Royal Signals and infantry sub-units were formed. As a result of various re-organisations over the years, only the last three sub-units survive today. In 1951, women were allowed to join

19712-758: The unit was changed in 1966 to the "East Midlands Universities Officers' Training Corps" in a move that allowed volunteers from all higher education institutions in the East Midlands to join. East Midlands UOTC's cap badge is that of the Sherwood Foresters, with replaced wording. As part of the unit's historic affiliations with the Sherwood Foresters (since amalgamated into the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment and, later, into 2nd Battalion, Mercian Regiment before it

19866-477: The unit. In 1929, the Scots Guards provided the senior warrant officer of the permanent staff and established a Household Division link. In 1935, it was decided that the cap badge , which up to then had been the university crest, should be replaced by the boar's head, the family crest of the founder of the university, with the motto "Non Confundar" ('I shall not be troubled'). During the Second World War,

20020-754: The units were re-titled the Officer Training Corps (OTC). The CCF was created in 1948 by the amalgamation of the Junior Training Corps (formerly the Junior Division of the Officers Training Corps ) and the school contingents of the Sea Cadet Corps and Air Training Corps . CCFs are still occasionally referred to as "The Corps". A school contingent may have any combination of Royal Navy , Army , Royal Air Force and sometimes Royal Marines sections,

20174-572: The university, was given the command. The company held its first parade in May 1900, and the occasion was celebrated by the presentation of the Inter-Section Challenge Cup by the chancellor of the university, Joseph Chamberlain . In 1900 the Volunteers, of which U Company was part, were 1,406 strong. In 1908, the Birmingham University contingent of the Officers' Training Corps was formally raised in response to

20328-500: The world, for up to six months in every twelve. With opposition from employers and individuals to such a large peacetime liability, the target of 15,000 volunteers proved over-ambitious and the force peaked at 4,262 in October 1963, then dropping to around 2,400 by 1968. Nevertheless, the first batch of these so-called 'Ever Readies' was sent to Libya in 1963, followed by 200 to the Far East later that year. In 1965, 175 were called out,

20482-627: Was a 1,300 man composite battalion group, composed of infantry recruited from across London units and a field battery from the Honourable Artillery Company, the City Imperial Volunteers, which was raised in early January 1900; it was sent into combat after six weeks of training in South Africa, where Lord Roberts described it as "quite excellent", and was returned home in October. At the same time,

20636-426: Was a vast surge in recruiting with 88,000 men enlisted by the end of April. The London Rifle Brigade raised a second battalion in 24 hours. On 26 April, limited conscription was introduced. This resulted in 34,500 twenty-year-old militiamen being conscripted into the regular army, initially to be trained for six months before deployment to the forming second-line units. In parallel, recruits continued to surge into

20790-476: Was absorbed by the 1st Heavy Battery. In November 1897, an Aberdeen University detachment of the 1st Volunteer Battalion, Gordon Highlanders , was recruited, and in 1898 the detachment became University Company ("U" Company). In 1912, the Aberdeen University contingent of the Officers' Training Corps was formally raised in response to the recommendations of the committee formed by Lord Haldane under

20944-400: Was created by the Secretary of State for War , Richard Burdon Haldane , following the enactment of the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 which combined and re-organised the old Volunteer Force with the Yeomanry . As part of the same process, the remaining units of militia were converted to the Special Reserve . Most Volunteer infantry units had unique identities, but lost these in

21098-527: Was disbanded in 2022), East Midlands Universities OTC's stable belt is horizontally green, maroon and green again, charged with a thin central horizontal silver strip for differentiation known as the 'silver stripe of learning.' East Midlands UOTC is based at the Army Reserve Centre, Broadgate in Beeston . Edinburgh UOTC has its origins in No. 4 Company of the 1st City of Edinburgh Rifle Volunteer Corps (from 1865

21252-543: Was envisaged that this would take at least eight months from mobilisation. In fact, with mobilisation in September 1939, the first three TA divisions arrived to take their places in the front line by February 1940: the 48th (South Midland) Division , 50th (Northumbrian) Division and 51st (Highland) Division . In April, they were joined by five more, 12th (Eastern) Division , 23rd (2nd Northumbrian) Division , 42nd (East Lancashire) Division , 44th (Home Counties) Division and 46th (North Midland) Division , making eight of

21406-401: Was establishing as the centerpiece of the Regular Army. The Territorial Force was to be composed of fourteen divisions of infantry and fourteen brigades of cavalry, together with all the supporting arms and services needed for overseas war, including artillery, engineers commissariat and medical support. The new Special Reserve was to take over the depots of the militia, as an expanded reserve for

21560-415: Was first formed on 27 April 1909 when 27 students from University College Nottingham petitioned the university's Senate Council to form a contingent of the Officers' Training Corps. Their petition was accepted by the War Office and later that same year, the unit was formed. The names of those who died in both World Wars are recorded on a plaque in the University of Nottingham's Trent Building. The name of

21714-417: Was formed in St Andrews to form a volunteer corps of both rifle and artillery. This was carried in a town meeting on 5 December 1859 and was carried unanimously and 3rd (St Andrews) Fife Artillery Volunteers was formed. In November 1908, the St Andrews University contingent of the Officers' Training Corps was formally raised in response to the recommendations of the committee formed by Lord Haldane. Following

21868-477: Was formed on 1 April 1980 to provide military training for the students of the University of Exeter . Initially based at Higher Barracks, Exeter , the UOTC moved to Wyvern Barracks in February 1988, when Major-General Sir John Acland , its first honorary colonel, opened the Acland Building. The origins of the University of Glasgow 's links with the military can be traced back to the Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745, when companies of Militia were raised to defend

22022-465: Was founded to recruit officer Cadets from the Kent area. Durham University formed the "K" Company of the 3rd Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers in 1908. With the formation of the Officers' Training Corps later in that year, this was transferred to the OTC. The UOTC sent a detachment to London to act as part of the Guard of honour at the coronation of King George V in June 1911. Some 2,464 members of Durham University (including Armstrong College and

22176-409: Was further reduced in size in 1922: artillery batteries lost two of their six guns, the established size of infantry battalions was cut and ancillary medical, veterinary, signals and Royal Army Service Corps units were either reduced in size or abolished. The bounty was also reduced to £3 for trained men and £2.10s 0d for recruits, which resulted in finding £1,175,000 of the total savings required from

22330-406: Was now called) was re-established to be the sole means of expansion in future wars, but it was smaller than before and poorly resourced. Yet eight TA divisions were deployed before the fall of France. After the Second World War, the TA was reconstituted with ten divisions, but then successively cut until rebuilding began in 1970, with numbers peaking at nearly 73,000. It was then run down again despite

22484-413: Was officially reconstituted in 1921 by the Territorial Army and Militia Act 1921 and renamed in October as the Territorial Army (TA). The First-Line divisions (that were created in 1907 or 1908) were reconstituted in that year. The TA's intended role was to be the sole method of expanding the size of the British Armed Forces , when compared to the varied methods used during the First World War including

22638-443: Was only resumed in early 1901—and so an adequate supply of manpower was not always available. Sixty militia battalions, around 46,000 men, also volunteered and were eventually sent to South Africa. They were employed mainly on lines of communication, and regarded as second-line troops of low quality; this was unsurprising, as they were strongly deficient in officers, heavily composed of men of 18 and 19, who were regarded as too young by

22792-415: Was ordered to form 10 elite Independent Companies, forerunners of the Commandos . under the command of (then) Lt Colonel Colin Gubbins . As the war developed Territorial units fought in every major theatre. The first reinforcing unit into Kohima , where the Japanese suffered their first major defeat in mainland Asia, was a TA unit, 4th Battalion, Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment who went on to hold

22946-409: Was reformed in October 1979 and moved to its present premises at Carlton Place in Southampton in 1981. The origins of the University of St Andrews ' links with the military can be traced back to the Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745, when companies of Militia were raised to defend the pro-Hanoverian University and the City of St Andrews against the absolutist Highland Jacobites. In 1859 a committee

23100-401: Was talk of a German invasion of the homeland, but the pace rapidly accelerated and, within a fortnight, 70 infantry battalions and many other units had collectively volunteered for France. initially TF units were either fed into regular brigades or used for secondary tasks, such as guarding lines of communication but, by the end of April 1915, six full Territorial divisions had been deployed into

23254-422: Was the largest British troop movement exercise by sea and air since 1945, involving 290 flights and 150 ferry sailings. Most UK-based units reached their wartime stations within 48 hours. In 1985, Exercise Brave Defender tested Britain's home defences, with 65,000 regulars and territorials involved. At the end of the Cold War, the TA had a strength of 72,823, including 3,297 in the Home Service Force (HSF). in

23408-555: Was then commanding First Corps, recorded in his diary that Field Marshal Kitchener did 'not appreciate the progress made by the Territorial Force towards efficiency', The subsequent day, the 6th, Kitchener took up his post as Secretary of State for War announcing that morning 'He could take no account of anything but regular soldiers'. He went on to denounce the Territorial Force as 'a few hundred thousand young men, officered by middle-aged professional men who were allowed to put on uniform and play at soldiers.' Nevertheless, by 9 August,

23562-434: Was to be in two divisions: a junior division in public schools and a senior division in the universities. In October 1908, therefore, authorised by Army Order 160 of July 1908, as part the Haldane Reforms of the Reserve forces, the contingents were formally established as the Officers' Training Corps and incorporated into the new Territorial Force , which was created by the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 . During

23716-567: Was to be reduced to 63,000, while the HSF element was to be disbanded. In July 1994, this was further reduced to 59,000. The Reserve Forces Act of May 1996 was a landmark reform, making it much easier to call out any element of the Reserves at the behest of the Secretary of State for a range of purposes including 'protection of life or property' well short of the criteria for Queen's Order (e.g. 'great emergency', 'imminent national danger'). It also provides protection in employment law for members' civilian jobs should they be mobilised. This has led to

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