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21-544: Near Câmpulung are the remains of Jidava (or Jidova) Roman fort built around 190–211 AD on the frontier of the empire, the Limes Transalutanus ; and just next to it, vestiges of a Roman colony, variously identified with Romula , Stepenium and Ulpia Traiana . Now called Grădiștea (meaning place of a fortress in Romanian) or Jidovi . Campulung was also important because it was only 37 km away from

42-557: A division of a city . The word is from the French rayon (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is commonly translated as ' district ' in English. A raion is a standardized administrative entity across most of the former Soviet Union and is usually a subdivision two steps below the national level, such as a subdivision of an oblast . However, in smaller USSR republics, it could be the primary level of administrative division. After

63-477: A fire dated by coins of Geta and Severus Alexander (222). The stone buildings built afterwards were again destroyed by fire dated by a coin of Philip II (246), the latest coin discovered on the limes. Small thermal baths were at the NE end of the praetorium, built of brick after the stone praetorium , and overlapping the via sagularis and part of the agger . A smaller fort or castellum (Campulung Muscel II)

84-541: A part of the Soviet administrative reform and continued through 1929, by which time the majority of the country's territory was divided into raions instead of the old volosts and uyezds . The concept of raionirovanie was met with resistance in some republics, especially in Ukraine , where local leaders objected to the concept of raions as being too centralized in nature and ignoring the local customs. This point of view

105-459: A population of 11,244 people, and the main streets were called Negru Vodă, Râului, Matei Basarab, and Gruiului, running parallel to the city centre and paved with cobblestones, some of them planted with trees. There were three squares Sfântul Ilie, Scheiul și a Județelor Sfântul Ilie square was the main one. And next to the church of Sfântul Ilie there was a weekly fair there, as well as a big annual fair between 17 and 28 July. In 1950 Muscel County

126-422: Is divided into seven districts. In Belarus , raions ( Belarusian : раён, rajon ) are administrative units subordinated to oblasts . See also: Category:Districts of Belarus . In Bulgaria , raions are subdivisions of three biggest cities: Sofia , Plovdiv and Varna . Sofia is subdivided to 24 raions ( Sofia districts ), Plovdiv - 6, Varna - 5 raions. In Ukraine , there are a total of 136 raions which are

147-465: The fall of the Soviet Union , some of the republics kept the raion (e.g. Azerbaijan , Belarus , Ukraine , Russia , Moldova , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan ) while others dropped it (e.g. Georgia , Uzbekistan , Estonia , Latvia , Armenia , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan ). In Bulgaria , it refers to an internal administrative subdivision of a city not related to the administrative division of

168-527: The Bran Pass an important trade and military route for militaries and merchants. Câmpulung was the first capital of the feudal state of Wallachia which might mean that the city might have been built in the 13th century, until succeeded by Curtea de Argeș in the 14th century. There was a considerable traffic with Transylvania , over the Rucăr–Bran Pass , 24 km (15 mi) to the north, and with

189-533: The city might have been built in the 13th century, until succeeded by Curtea de Argeș in the 14th century. There was a considerable traffic with Transylvania , over the Bran Pass , 24 kilometers to the north, and with the south by a branch railway to Ploiești . From the Middle Ages until 1822 Câmpulung had its own autonomy , until it was withdrawn in 1822. At the end of the 19th century Câmpulung had

210-700: The city in Old Romanian, which was Slavic, according to its roots: Dlăgopole — Длъгополь (with the same meaning — "a long field"). When the printing press started to get popular in Europe, Matei Basarab managed to bring a printing press in Campulung in 1635 where Orthodox books would be printed and would be sent all over the Balkan peninsula for Orthodox people. This did not last long and in 1650 there weren't records of books being printed after that. During

231-958: The country as a whole, or, in the case of Sofia municipality a subdivision of that municipality . The word raion is derived from French rayon , which is itself derived from Frankish * hrātu 'honeycomb'. It is used in many languages spanning Central Europe to Central Asia and Siberia . For instance, Azerbaijani : rayon ; Belarusian : раён , romanized :  rajon ; Bulgarian : район , romanized :  rajon ; Georgian : რაიონი , romanized : raioni ; German : Rayon ; Ingrian : raijona ; Latvian : rajons ; Lithuanian : rajonas ; Polish : rejon ; Romanian : raion ; Russian : район , romanized :  raion ; Turkish : reyon ; Ukrainian : район , romanized :  rajon ; Uyghur : رايون , romanized :  rayon ; and Yakut : оройуон , romanized:  oroyuon . Fourteen countries have or had entities that were named "raion" or

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252-531: The full text being Hic sepultus est comes Laurencius de Longo-Campo, pie memorie, Anno Domini MCCC ("Here is buried count Laurentius of Longus-Campus, in pious memory, Anno Domini 1300"). Laurentius was most likely the person coordinating the colonization process. The oldest known written document in Old Romanian was dated back to 1521 ( Neacșu's letter ). The letter was written to warn the city of Brasov of an impending Ottoman attack. The letter also names

273-577: The local version of it. In the Soviet Union , raions were administrative divisions created in the 1920s to reduce the number of territorial divisions inherited from the Russian Empire and to simplify their bureaucracies. The process of conversion to the system of raions was called raionirovanie ("regionalization"). It was started in 1923 in the Urals , North Caucasus , and Siberia as

294-622: The reign of Șerban Cantacuzino (1678–1688), pressure was exerted to change the Catholic judges of Câmpulung to Eastern Orthodox . Originally, the Romanians of the town did not have the same rights as the German colonists, but by the 15th century, the two communities were already merged, as shown by the new Romanian churches built near the Catholic areas and by the fact that some of the elected județs were Romanians. Another community in

315-635: The south by a branch railway to Ploiești . Câmpulung was one of the earliest urban settlements in Wallachia, the Transylvanian Saxon colonists contributing to its development by bringing the German urban culture. The earliest written evidence of the town's existence is dated 1300, and is to be found in the Câmpulung church. The inscription is an epitaph of Laurencius de Longo Campo ,

336-669: The term is used in Uyghur in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. In Romania they have been later replaced. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, raions as administrative units continue to be used in Azerbaijan , Belarus , Moldova , Russia , and Ukraine . They are also used in breakaway regions: Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria. In Georgia they exist as districts in Tbilisi. Abkhazia

357-473: The town were the Bogomil Bulgarians , who settled in the Șchei neighbourhood ( Șchei being an old Romanian word referring to Slavic people). Outside the town, in the south-west, on the hill currently named Câmpul mișeilor ("Field of the cripple") was a leper colony , which had its own church and mill. Câmpulung was the first capital of the feudal state of Wallachia which might mean that

378-598: Was a fort (also called Campulung Muscel fort) in the Roman province of Dacia 4 km southwest of the town of Campulung , Romania. It was built around 190–211 AD as part of the frontier system of the Limes Transalutanus located approximately 20 km south of the Rucăr-Bran pass. It has been excavated and can be seen today. The site is administered by the Argeș County Museum . The first wooden buildings were destroyed by

399-534: Was abolished and Câmpulung became a district town, the residence of the Muscel raion of the Argeș Region . In 1968, during the administrative reform, the city lost its status of regional administrative center, becoming a city of Argeș County . Soon after, Câmpulung was declared a municipality in 1994. [REDACTED] Media related to Câmpulung at Wikimedia Commons Jidava (castra) Jidava (or Jidova )

420-400: Was about 300m to the south at Biserica Jidovilor. Inside, a two-roomed building equipped with a heating system (hypocaust) and traces of wooden barracks have been identified. A date of beginning of the 2nd century is likely. Raion A raion (also spelt rayon ) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states . The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and

441-573: Was backed by the Soviet Russian People's Commissariat of Nationalities . Nevertheless, eventually all of the territory of the Soviet Union was regionalized. Soviet raions had self-governance in the form of an elected district council ( raysovet ) and were headed by the local head of administration, who was either elected or appointed. Following the model of the Soviet Union, raions were introduced in Bulgaria and Romania. In China

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