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51-428: The capital of the region was Pitești , and its territory comprised an area similar to the nowadays Argeș County , before the 1956 reorganisation. After the reorganisation it also comprised some of the area of the current Vâlcea and Argeș counties. Argeș Region had as neighbors: Argeș Region had the following raions Pite%C8%99ti Pitești ( Romanian pronunciation: [piˈteʃtʲ] )

102-632: A T. Bowyer, whose caption for Pitești read "nothing more wild or romantic can be conceived". The town was an important location for events relating to the last stage of the Wallachian uprising of 1821 and the first stages of the Greek War of Independence : it was here that, in late spring 1821, the Wallachian rebel leader Tudor Vladimirescu settled after retreating from Bucharest . His departure raised suspicion from his Eterist allies that he

153-470: A conspiracy led by the boyars of Wallachia. Others however suggest he died in battle by Ștefan III during Ștefan III's invasion that year. Later on, Neagoe Craiovescu, who had acceded to the throne of Wallachia under the name Neagoe Basarab , claimed that Basarab IV was his father by having had an affair with his mother Neaga, who was then married to grand boyar Pârvu Craiovescu. While the Craiovești clan

204-455: A decrease from the figure recorded at the 2011 census. Romania's 2011 census recorded a population of 155,383 for the city. Of the individuals for whom data were available, 99.1% were ethnic Romanians and 0.6% Roma . In terms of religion, 98.4% were Romanian Orthodox ; 0.3% Roman Catholic ; and 0.2% each Pentecostal , Christian Evangelical , Baptist and Evangelical . A further 0.2% were atheist or non-religious. A 2016 estimate placed

255-484: A reputation as a tulip-growing area, and the flower-themed festival was first organized by the local authorities in 1978. Typically held in the cultural centre building ( Casa Cărții ), the festival also includes folk music performances, international scientific conferences, an art exhibit and youth sport competitions. The major football club in the city is FC Argeș Pitești , which has generally played in Liga I , and has

306-542: A three-week stay, made their way to Swedish Pomerania through Habsburg-ruled regions. During the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 , Habsburg troops attacked and captured the town; Pitești was again the scene of battles during the Austro-Turkish War of 1737–1739 . In 1780, Tuscan numismatist Domenico Sestini passed through the Argeș region, and described the town as having 250 houses and 7 churches. In 1804,

357-399: A while during the 1970s, it was a residence of the communist politician Ion Dincă ). The bust of Ion Brătianu , standing in front of Saint Nicholas Church, was removed and melted, and the church itself was demolished in 1962. The city is part of the historical region of Wallachia, situated in its north and in the westernmost part of its Muntenian subregion. It lies on the right bank of

408-524: Is twinned with: Basarab %C8%9Aepelu%C8%99 cel T%C3%A2n%C4%83r Basarab IV cel Tânăr ("the Young"), also known as Țepeluș ("the little Impaler"), (before 1444 ? – 23 March 1482) son of Basarab II , and grandson of Dan II (1422-1431) was 4 times the voivode of the principality of Wallachia between 1474 and 1482: from Oct to Dec 1474, from Jan 1478 to June 1480, from Nov 1480 to before July 1481, and again from Aug 1481 to July 1482. This

459-555: Is a city in Romania , located on the river Argeș . The capital and largest city of Argeș County , it is an important commercial and industrial center, as well as the home of two universities. Pitești is situated in the historical region of Muntenia . It lies on the A1 freeway connecting the city directly to the national capital Bucharest , being an important railway junction, with a classification yard in nearby Bălilești . The city houses

510-697: Is particularly noticeable among the male population: this segment not only has a higher mortality and lower life expectancy, but also, due to de-industrialization, emigrated in search of work in significant numbers. Pitești is one of the most industrialized cities in Romania. It is the center of the automotive industry in the country: the Automobile Dacia automaker is situated in the nearby town of Mioveni , and several other automobile parts manufacturers are located within its urban area ( Dräxlmaier Group , Lear Corporation and Valeo ). The city also houses

561-487: Is surrounded by hills rich in wineries and plum orchards. The latter give one of the finest Romanian țuicas : țuica de Pitești . The Ștefănești winery, situated on the opposite bank of the Argeș River, is one of the best known in Romania. Pitești is home to a County Theater; established in 1948, it was named in honor of playwright Alexandru Davila a decade later. Its branches include a puppet theater (created in 1949),

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612-519: The A1 freeway , the first road of its kind, during the 1960s, and the acceleration of industrialization with a focus on the chemical and automotive industries. Around 1950, Pitești area accommodated ELAS refugees from the Greek Civil War (some of the buildings erected for this purpose were later used to house resettled peasants). Florica was nationalized in 1948, and was later partly devastated by Romanian Communist Party activists (for

663-669: The Arpechim oil refinery, part of the Petrom group. The plant, established as a state-owned company during communism, has traditionally been the center of controversy over its air pollution records. In 2007, the Ministry of the Environment withdrew Arpechim's permit, but Petrom contested the decision in court. The plant is scheduled to gradually reduce its activity over a period of several years, pending eventual closure. The city

714-401: The Arpechim oil refinery , and is a marketing center for the automotive industry , in particular, Automobile Dacia . Inhabited since prehistoric times but first mentioned in the 14th century, it developed as a trading town in northern Wallachia , serving as an informal residence for various Wallachian Princes until the 18th century. From the 19th century and until the interwar period, it

765-600: The Brătianu family of politicians residing in nearby Ștefănești . Their manor, Florica , housed most major reunions of the National Liberal leaders. For a short period in 1882, Pitești was home to dramatist Ion Luca Caragiale , leading some to propose that it was the unnamed National Liberal-dominated city depicted in Caragiale's famous play O scrisoare pierdută . By 1872, a national railway connection with

816-571: The Dacians during the 3rd century BC, copying the design of Thracian tetradrachmon issued by Lysimachus , have been discovered here. A small Roman castrum was built sometime in the 3rd century AD in the vicinity of present-day Pitești (part of a protection system for Roman Dacia and Moesia ). During the Age of Migrations , the Pitești area was, according to historian Constantin C. Giurescu ,

867-596: The Estrada section for open-air performances (1958), and a folklore section (1970). The Theater's Studio 125 was established in May 1975 by director Liviu Ciulei . The first written record of a theatrical performance in the city dates to 1848, when Constantin Halepliu set up a troupe. Following that year's revolution , several actors, Halepliu included, were arrested, and the theatre closed until 1856. A Communal Theatre

918-659: The House of Basarab that desired it, and soon enough (i.e. July 1481) Basarab IV was again Voivode of Wallachia , with Ottoman support. Ştefan made a last attempt to secure his influence in Wallachia the next summer. and within the year Basarab lost the throne again. Although Vlad IV was restored, he was soon forced to accept the Sultan's suzerainty. Basarab IV was killed during the clashes around Mar-Jul of 1482, perhaps due to

969-474: The Nicolae Dobrin Stadium as its home ground. In addition, the city was home to a Liga II football club, Internațional Pitești (located on Stadionul Ștrand ), and has a school which doubles as a junior team, Sporting Pitești. Pitești hosts basketball team BCM U Pitești , as well as a women's volleyball team, Argeș Volei Pitești. Pitești is home to an Olympic size swimming pool ,

1020-459: The Olt River , before Mackensen was able to occupy Bucharest and the entire southern Romania. During the post-war existence of Greater Romania , Pitești became a regional cultural center, notably hosting the 1928–1929 series of the magazine Kalende (published in cooperation by literary critics Vladimir Streinu , Șerban Cioculescu , Pompiliu Constantinescu , and Tudor Șoimaru ). Pitești

1071-498: The Zinca Golescu National College . There are also 20 primary schools, 23 kindergartens and 10 nursery schools. A public library, named after intellectual figure Dinicu Golescu , was planned in 1869 by Paraschiva Stephu, a female member of the upper class, who drew up a will leaving 200 Austrian ducats for the purpose of creating a library. The institution became operational in 1880, and a large part of

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1122-490: The pious half-brother of Vlad III and Radu III , who until now had shown little interest the throne for himself before now was placed on the throne by Ştefan III ., who had invaded Wallachia that June and routed Basarab IV at Râmnicu Vâlcea . The 15th century was a very volatile time in Wallachia , with the throne passing first from one then to another of the many Princes and family members of both Branches of

1173-563: The 70–80 km (43–50 miles) average. The city has access to a piedmont plain, known as Câmpia Piteștilor ("Pitești Plain") and characterized by water-meadows . To the west, it abuts the Trivale Forest , which has been partly set up as a leisure park. Pitești is adjacent to two reservoirs on the Argeș, in its Prundu area and in nearby Bascov (the Budeasa Dam). It is situated downstream from Lake Vidraru and upstream from

1224-705: The Argeș County. In 1907, factory manager Edmond Landauer performed the very first Tayloristic experiments in Romania, at Pitești Weaving Mill. From late autumn 1916 to 1918, during the World War I battles , Pitești was occupied by the troops of the Central Powers . The city was originally abandoned by the Romanian Army and taken by the German commander August von Mackensen as the front stabilized on

1275-547: The Argeș, where the river meets its tributary, Râul Doamnei . Pitești is situated 280 metres (918.64 feet ) above sea level , on terraces formed by the Argeș, and belongs to the southernmost section of the Getic Plateau (an area of foothills leading up to the Southern Carpathians ). The Plateau is at its narrowest in the Pitești area, where it only reaches 30 km (19 miles) in width, as opposed to

1326-653: The Brave (1593–1601), Simion Movilă (1601–1602), Matei Basarab (1632–1654) and Constantin Șerban (1654–1658). In addition, Constantin Brâncoveanu (1688–1714), who owned large sections of vineyard in the area, is reported to have spent several seasons in the town. Under Vlad Vintilă, who allied himself with the Holy Roman Empire against his Ottoman overlords, Aloisio Gritti (governor of Ottoman Hungary ) and his Wallachian boyar partisans camped in

1377-610: The Handsome), his 2nd cousin, who was brought in by a large Ottoman army who was marching to punish Stephen III of Moldavia . Following his first rule Basarab IV Țepeluș sought refuge back in the Hungarian territories, where he most likely spent most of his life up to that point. In summer 1476 he is dispatched to Transylvania with Vlad III Țepeș (Țepeș = the Impaler) who was preferred by king Matthias Corvinus and Stephen III for

1428-653: The Pitești neighborhood of Războieni, where they were attacked and defeated by the Prince. In 1600–1601, troops of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , led by Jan Zamoyski , were stationed in Pitești during their expedition against Michael the Brave ( see Moldavian Magnate Wars ). Around that time, fighting occurred in and around the town as the new prince Radu Șerban clashed with the Ottomans and their Crimean Khanate allies. Constantin Șerban financed

1479-666: The building of the Orthodox Saint George Church, completed in 1656. His building program also included a (since-lost) palace and adjacent gardens. Around that time, the city hosted travelers of renown, such as Arab chronicler Paul of Aleppo and Swedish politician Claes Rålamb . It was during Brâncoveanu's rule that the city was home to Stolnic Constantin Cantacuzino , who was exchanging letters with English statesman William, Baron Paget . A tower and other princely houses, built by Brâncoveanu outside

1530-688: The campaign, where he faced his arch-rival cousin Basarab who had also been living in Transylvania since his overthrow in 1477. Basarab IV brought approx.: 2,000 infantry to the campaign, and with help from Hungarians defeated the combined forces of Wallachia and the Ottomans at the Battle of Breadfield . In 1481, the same year Mehmed II died and conflict between his two surviving sons, Bayezid II and Cem erupted into open conflict, Vlad IV ,

1581-507: The capital Bucharest and Târgoviște was built, at the same time as one linking Bucharest with Ploiești through Chitila . Overseen by the German financier Bethel Henry Strousberg , this was the second project of its kind in Romania (after the Bucharest- Giurgiu rail link of 1869). The Pitești Town Hall was completed in 1886, and currently houses an art gallery. The Argeș County Prefecture, designed by Dimitrie Maimarolu ,

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1632-520: The citizens requested to have an upper school opened (to offer lectures in Greek, the educational language of the time); their request was denied by Prince Constantine Ypsilantis . During the 1790s, Pitești was visited by Luigi Mayer , a German pupil of Giovanni Battista Piranesi , who left etchings of the region (including the very first one of Pitești); they were published in London in 1810, with text by

1683-608: The final chapter in a chain of deportations of Romani people to Transnistria ( see Holocaust in Romania ). The city was sporadically bombed by the Allies : on July 4, 1944, it was struck by a section of the US Fifteenth Air Force ( see Bombing of Romania in World War II ). In the 1950s, while serving as capital of Regiunea Argeș , Pitești gained an ill notoriety, when the communist authorities used

1734-628: The home ground for CSM Pitești , and a public outdoor swimming pool in the Tudor Vladimirescu area. Nearby Bascov also has a public swimming place, on grounds adjacent to the Budeasa Dam. The national canoe racing also trains at the Budeasa Dam sports base, and the location is also used for recreational fishing. A tennis challenger tournament ( Turneul challenger feminin Pitești ) takes place each year, on grounds in Bascov. Pitești

1785-514: The junction of major European routes (and its proximity to the Saxon markets in Hermannstadt , Transylvania ), the city originally developed as an important commercial center. By the late 14th century, it became home to a sizable Armenian community. At the time, the locality was only extending on the left bank of the Argeș, and gradually expanded over the river, reaching the hill slopes to

1836-518: The local detention facility to subject political detainees to " reeducation ", in which violence between inmates was encouraged to the point of being mandatory ( see Pitești prison ). The experiment was carried out by the Securitate secret police and overseen by Alexandru Nicolschi ; its goal was to psychologically destroy the capacity for outside attachment and outside loyalty, creating the brainwashed New Man prototype of Leninism . The program

1887-631: The population at 177,485. The 1930 census found that 88.0% of residents were Romanians, 3.0% Jews , 2.5% Hungarians , 2.2% Roma , 1.4% Germans , 0.6% Greeks and 0.3% each Russians , Bulgarians , Armenians and, grouped together, Serbs, Croats and Slovenes . The population of Pitești grew between the 1830s and the 1990s, with the most sustained period of growth occurring after the 1950s, when industrial development created jobs and attracted residents from nearby settlements. The population peaked at an estimated 187,000 in 1997, then stagnated until 2001, and has gradually decreased since that time. The drop

1938-502: The reservoir in Bălilești. According to the Köppen climate classification , the city lies within the humid continental climate ( Dfb ) category. Average annual temperatures range between 9 °C and 10 °C. The average January temperature is -2.4 °C, while the average July temperature is 20.8 °C. As of 2021 census data, 141,275 inhabitants live within the city limits,

1989-529: The site of trading between Vlachs and Slavs , which, in his opinion, was the origin of Târgul din Deal ("The Market on the Hill"), a separate locality. The first recorded mention of Pitești itself was on May 20, 1386, when Wallachian Prince Mircea I granted a gristmill in the area to Cozia Monastery . Pitești was subsequently one of the temporary residences of Wallachian Princes. Due to its positioning on

2040-555: The throne of Wallachia & subsequently moves to Moldavia where he was mentioned at the court of Stephen III. It is with the latter's help that before Jan 1478 Basarab Țepeluș again ousted his cousin Basarab Laiotă and starts his 2nd and longest reign. In 1479 Basarab IV was forced by Ali Koca Bey to side with Ottomans and take part in the Ottoman campaign against Transylvania , providing some 5,000 Wallachian troops to

2091-709: The town, gradually deteriorated over the 18th and 19th centuries (the last standing structure was lost in the 20th century). In 1689, Habsburg troops led by Louis William of Baden occupied the city as part of the Great Turkish War (they were repelled later that year). In November 1714, as a direct result of Swedish defeats in the Great Northern War against Imperial Russia , Swedish King Charles XII unsuccessfully sought an alliance with Sultan Ahmed III ; on his way back from Istanbul , Charles and Axel Sparre passed through Pitești, and, after

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2142-632: The volumes were bequeathed by historian George Ionescu-Gion immediately following his death in 1904. His donation included over a thousand books in Romanian, French and Italian. The library moved into its current headquarters in the city center in 2003. Each year during springtime, Pitești is host to a festival and fair known as Simfonia lalelelor (the "Tulip Symphony"). Tulips were introduced locally in 1972–1973, when around 3,000 bulbs brought from Arad and Oradea were planted in its central area, along with other flowers. Pitești consequently acquired

2193-563: The west (in the 19th century, it completely absorbed Târgul din Deal ). While Pitești was commonly designated as a high-ranking town, a village of Pitești was still mentioned as late as 1528, which led some historians to conclude that the village and urban area coexisted within the same boundaries. Although princely quarters have not been uncovered, among the rulers to issue documents from Pitești were Basarab Țepeluș cel Tânăr (1477–1481), Neagoe Basarab (1512–1521), Vlad Înecatul (1530–1532), Vlad Vintilă de la Slatina (1532–1535), Michael

2244-594: Was affected in various ways by World War II and its successive regimes . After a fascist National Legionary State was proclaimed by the Iron Guard in late 1940, a bronze bust of former premier Armand Călinescu (whom the Guard had assassinated in September 1939), was chained and dragged through the city streets. In December 1943, under the dictatorship of Conducător Ion Antonescu (a Pitești native), it saw

2295-613: Was an important political center for the National Liberal Party and the main residence of the Brătianu family of politicians. During the early stages of the communist regime , it was one of the main sites of political repression, with the Pitești Prison becoming home to an experiment in brainwashing techniques. The earliest traces of human settlements in this area relate to the Paleolithic . Coins minted by

2346-745: Was built in 1914–1916. Since 1948, the local acting ensemble has performed both in other Romanian cities and abroad, including in Poland, Serbia, Bulgaria, Italy and Spain. The city houses two universities: the state-run University of Pitești and the private Constantin Brâncoveanu University (founded 1991, with branches in Brăila and Râmnicu Vâlcea ). There are 17 secondary education institutions, including two main high schools—the Ion Brătianu National College (founded 1866) and

2397-402: Was canceled after some five years. At a trial held in 1953–1954, twenty-two inmate-participants were sentenced, with sixteen being condemned to death for their role in the experiment. In 1957, a new trial convicted certain members of the prison staff, who received light sentences; they were later pardoned. In parallel, Pitești underwent numerous changes in landscape, including the completion of

2448-465: Was during an unstable political climate in medieval Wallachia that had another 4 princes ruling for some periods of time in those years. Basarab IV Țepeluș acceded first to the Wallachian throne in 1474, when with help from Transylvanian voivode Stefan Bathory he overthrew his first cousin Basarab III known as the 'Old'. He was then removed from power within 2 months by Radu III (also called Radu

2499-471: Was erected in 1898–1899 on the site previously occupied by an Orthodox hermitage ; it is the present-day site of the County Museum of History and Natural Sciences . Both buildings are eclectic in style, and feature frescoes painted by Iosif Materna . Pitești experienced urbanization and economic development with several changes in landscape and a number of regional firsts. In 1868–1869, Pitești

2550-563: Was planning to abandon the common cause. Vladimirescu was captured in the nearby locality of Băilești and executed soon after, on orders from Alexander Ypsilantis . The city was developed further after the 1859 unification of the Danubian Principalities and the 1881 creation of the Romanian Kingdom . Around that time, and down to the late interwar, the city became a National Liberal center, largely due to

2601-580: Was the first city in Romania to have a recorded Seventh-day Adventist community, formed around Michał Belina-Czechowski , a Polish preacher and former Catholic priest who had returned from the United States (the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Romania was established only after 1918). By 1906, Pitești was home to a thriving cooperative bank , Banca Populară Pitești , which was also the first-ever financial institution in

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