Misplaced Pages

#874125

59-489: In 1866, Karl Richard Lepsius discovered at Tanis the first copy of this Decree (this copy was originally known as the 'Şân Stele'). Another copy was found in 1881 by Gaston Maspero at Kom el-Hisn in the western Nile Delta. Later on, some other fragmentary copies were found. In March 2004, while excavating at Bubastis , the German – Egyptian 'Tell Basta Project' archaeologists discovered yet another well preserved copy of

118-560: A Propstei Church on the site of the later Naumburg Cathedral was mentioned in the Merseburg Bishops' Chronicles in 1021. In 1028 Pope John XIX gave his approval for the transfer of the bishopric from Zeitz to Naumburg. Until 1568, during the Reformation, Naumburg was the seat of the bishops. The last Catholic bishop was Julius von Pflug . The foundation of the cathedral school is dated to 1030. Naumburg has been known as

177-536: A joint expedition to Egypt with Champollion in 1828–1829. In a series of letters to Rosellini, Lepsius expanded on Champollion's explanation of the use of phonetic signs in hieroglyphic writing, emphasizing ( contra Champollion) that vowels were not written. In 1842, Lepsius was commissioned (at the recommendation of the minister of instruction, Johann Eichhorn, and the scientists Alexander von Humboldt and Christian Charles Josias Bunsen ) by King Frederich Wilhelm IV of Prussia to lead an expedition to Egypt and

236-431: A saint. The Naumburg Master achieved a high degree of dramatic expressiveness and natural vibrancy. The Jews , for example, wear the typical hats, while Pilatus appears in a splendorous courtly garment, washing his hands off responsibility. The artist mastered a remarkable challenge concerning the usage of the limited space. In the representation of the last supper , he limited the number of disciples beside Christ in

295-523: A sketch of African peoples and a classification of African languages, as well as a grammar of the Nubian languages . On 5 July 1846, he married Elisabeth Klein (1828–1899), daughter of the composer Bernhard Klein and great-granddaughter of Friedrich Nicolai . They had six children, including the geologist and Rector of the Darmstadt University of Technology G. Richard Lepsius (1851–1915),

354-766: A town since 1144. Naumburg was a significant trading centre on the Via Regia in the Middle Ages, especially because of the Naumburg Trade Fairs, first known to have taken place in 1278. The emergence of Leipzig as a trade-fair centre from 1500 and the Thirty Years' War adversely affected the Naumburg economy. In 1561, the Naumburg Diet recognized the unaltered Augsburg Confession and

413-521: Is a town in (and the administrative capital of) the district Burgenlandkreis , in the state of Saxony-Anhalt , Central Germany . It has a population of around 33,000. The Naumburg Cathedral became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018. This UNESCO designation recognizes the processes that shaped the European continent during the High Middle Ages between 1000 and 1300: Christianization ,

472-528: Is a vaulted, cruciform basilica in a bound system with a segregated crossing. The Late Romanesque structure of Naumburg Cathedral replaced the first, Early Romanesque cathedral, which had been consecrated around 1042. The new construction was initiated in 1242 under the patronage of the Princes of the Apostles – Peter and Paul . Naumburg Masters The workshop organization of sculptors and stonemasons,

531-472: Is composed of a Romanesque core structure flanked by two Gothic choirs in the east and in the west. Naumburg Cathedral was one of the large double-choir cathedrals built in the transitional style between Late Romanesque and Early Gothic. The four towers form part of the Romanesque structure of the cathedral, even though parts of the upper floors and domes date from more recent style periods. The cathedral

590-502: Is recognized as part of the pre-history of the Book of Concord . The ecclesiastical domain was secularised in middle of the 16th century and transferred to the Dukes of Saxony , who administered the district through a government endowment ( Stiftsregierung ) and later provided administrators. After the fraternal agreement between the four brothers of John George I, Elector of Saxony , in 1657

649-418: Is widely known for his opus magnum Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien . Karl Richard Lepsius was the son of Karl Peter Lepsius , a classical scholar from Naumburg, and his wife Friederike (née Gläser), who was the daughter of composer Carl Ludwig Traugott Gläser . The family name was originally "Leps" and had been Latinized to "Lepsius" by Karl's paternal great-grandfather Peter Christoph Lepsius. He

SECTION 10

#1732772478875

708-616: The Alexandrian calendar , with a sixth epagomenal day occurring for the first time on 29 August 22 BC. Julius Caesar had earlier implemented a 365 + 1 ⁄ 4 day year in Rome in 45 BC as part of the Julian calendar . Karl Richard Lepsius Karl Richard Lepsius ( Latin : Carolus Richardius Lepsius ) (23 December 1810 – 10 July 1884) was a Prussian Egyptologist , linguist and modern archaeologist . He

767-505: The American Philosophical Society . The chief result of this expedition was the publication of Denkmäler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien ( Monuments from Egypt and Ethiopia ), a massive twelve volume compendium of nearly 900 plates of ancient Egyptian inscriptions, monuments and landscapes, as well as accompanying commentary and descriptions. These plans, maps, and drawings of temple and tomb walls remained

826-708: The Domgymnasium and the Lepsiusgymnasium. After the fusion of both and the migration from the school site Seminarstraße in the year 2007, the Domgymnasium is now housed in the buildings of the former Lepsiusgymnasium. Since the incorporation of Bad Kösen, the town has a second gymnasium again, Pforta . Between 1948 and 1993 Naumburg possessed an ecclesiastical university with the name Katechistisches Oberseminar ( Catechetical advanced seminar ), where theology , philosophy , religious education and for

885-670: The Kushitic Kingdom of Meroë, and copied some of the inscriptions and representations of the temples and pyramids there. Lepsius reached as far south as Khartoum , and then travelled up the Blue Nile to the region about Sennar , where he met members of the former Sudanese royal family, such as Nasra bint 'Adlan . After exploring various sites in Upper and Lower Nubia , the expedition worked back north, reaching Thebes on November 2, 1844, where they spent four months studying

944-620: The Naumburg Master innovated architecture and sculpture of the Hohenstaufen period of the 13th century that were particularly developed at the cathedral in Reims. No written sources about the chief sculptor-architect of this workshop who was named after his main work in Naumburg. However, there is a general consensus with regard to the itinerary of the building workshop from Mainz via Naumburg to Meissen . An assumption relying on

1003-473: The Prussian Academy of Sciences ) to cut the first hieroglyphic typeface , the so-called Theinhardt font, which is in use today. Lepsius published widely in the field of Egyptology, and is considered the father of this modern scientific discipline, assuming a role that Champollion might have achieved, had he not died so young. Much of his work is fundamental to the field. Indeed, Lepsius even coined

1062-530: The Sudan to explore and record the remains of the ancient Egyptian civilization. The Prussian expedition was modelled after the earlier Napoleonic mission, with surveyors, draftsmen, and other specialists. The mission reached Giza in November 1842 and spent six months making some of the first scientific studies of the pyramids of Giza, Abusir , Saqqara , and Dahshur . They discovered 67 pyramids recorded in

1121-682: The Via Regia and the Regensburg Road. The cathedral district (cathedral precincts, cathedral town) and the civil district as well as the immunities of the two monasteries coexisted for centuries and were visibly separated from each other by means of fortifications, forming districts subject to special rights. The relevant areas, subject to special rights held by the bishop and his cathedral chapter, included castles, towns, church institutions, villages, forums, but also fields, meadows and forests, and were enclosed by trenches, ramparts, walls, or fences. The oldest residential tower of Naumburg

1180-531: The decipherment of the Egyptian language , visited Egyptian collections all over Europe and studied lithography and engraving . After the death of Champollion, Lepsius made a systematic study of the French scholar's Grammaire égyptienne , which had been published posthumously in 1836 but had yet to be widely accepted. In that year, Lepsius travelled to Tuscany to meet with Ippolito Rosellini , who had led

1239-607: The 13th century. The Haus zur Hohen Lilie (Markt 19) is a Romanesque secular building including a tower visible from the market square, the kitchen building to the west of the tower, the northern building bordering the tower and the Baroque building north of the northern building. Some parts of the medieval city fortifications survive, including one of the old city gates, the Marientor . The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche spent his childhood and his later years in Naumburg in

SECTION 20

#1732772478875

1298-719: The Decree. This is the second earliest of the series of trilingual inscriptions of the "Rosetta Stone Series", also known as Ptolemaic Decrees . Having a greater number of different hieroglyphs than the Rosetta Stone, the Canopus Stone has proved crucial in deciphering them. There are four such decrees: The inscription touches on subjects such as military campaigns, famine relief, Egyptian religion and governmental organization in Ptolemaic Egypt . It mentions

1357-629: The Dukes of Saxony in Dresden and became fully integrated into Albertine Saxony. However, it remained until 1815 the seat of its own administrative authority ( Consistory of the district of Naumburg-Zeitz). After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Naumburg was ceded to the Kingdom of Prussia , becoming part of the Province of Saxony . It gained control over the cathedral and its close in 1832. In 1846

1416-514: The Hussites in 1432. A teacher is said to have led his pupils outside the gates of the beleaguered city to beg the Hussite commander Andreas Prokop for mercy. The latter granted their request and gave the children cherries. The legend is commemorated in the song "Die Hussiten zogen vor Naumburg" (The Hussites marched on Naumburg) written by Karl Friedrich Seyferth in 1832. Naumburg is located on

1475-545: The Naumburg district came into the possession of the secondogeniture of Saxe-Zeitz , which was inherited by Moritz, the youngest of the brothers. Before the Moritzburg castle was built in nearby Zeitz, the city castle in Naumburg served as the residence of this line. This period came to an end with the death of the last Protestant representative of the Saxe-Zeitz line in the year 1718. The Naumburg district reverted to

1534-573: The Othmarsviertel and in the western part of today's town. There are no traces of the former Slav fortress of Wethau, which only survives in the name of the municipality of Wethau, where it is assumed to have been located. The early development of the town of Naumburg is closely connected with the Ekkehardine dynasty , Emperor Conrad II and Bishop Hildeward of Zeitz , who transferred the family seat from Kleinjena to their own estate at

1593-607: The St Moritz Monastery of the Augustinian Canons. When the Ekkehardine dynasty died out by 1046, the bishops became the rulers of the town. By that time, Naumburg had already developed into a political, economic and religious centre. The foundation of Naumburg with its merchant settlement had also caused the trade routes in the region to relocate, concentrating on Naumburg located at the crossing of

1652-510: The analysis of historic sources is based on the idea that the milestones of his creative work are marked by the completion of the choir screen in Mainz in 1239, the west choir in Naumburg in 1249/50 and the work of the building workshop in Meissen from 1250 up until prior to 1268. Next to the plant ornaments, based on the thorough observation of nature and found in all three places, and next to

1711-466: The cathedral itself, the romanic residential tower next to the cathedral, the early gothic residential tower at the market square as well as the city wall. Naumburg, a bishop's seat and an important market place, was founded at the beginning of the 11th century. It was first mentioned in the records in the year 1012. Some settlements already existed in the immediate neighbourhood of the newly founded town, as evidenced by pottery found at Domberg Hill, in

1770-519: The central German route of the St. James pilgrims way to Santiago de Compostela , the so-called Camino de Santiago . It follows the old Via Regia which has been designated a Cultural Route of the Council of Europe in 2005. Another recognised cultural route is the German section of the international Transromanica (a Cultural Route of the Council of Europe since 2007). Naumburg had two grammar schools,

1829-600: The chemist and director of the Chemical Factory Griesheim Bernhard Lepsius (1854–1934), the portrait painter and member of the Prussian Academy of Arts (as of 1916) Reinhold Lepsius (1857–1929) and the youngest son Johannes Lepsius (1858–1926), Protestant theologian, humanist and Orientalist. He had stomach ulcers which became cancerous. After five weeks of eating little, he died at 9 am on 10 July 1884. Naumburg Naumburg ( German: [ˈnaʊmbʊɐ̯k] )

Decree of Canopus - Misplaced Pages Continue

1888-524: The chief source of information for Western scholars well into the 20th century, and are useful even today as they are often the sole record of monuments that have since been destroyed or reburied. For example, he described a "Headless Pyramid" that was subsequently lost until May 2008, when a team led by Zahi Hawass removed a 25-foot-high sand dune to re-discover the superstructure (base) of a pyramid believed to belong to King Menkauhor . Upon his return to Europe in 1845, he married Elisabeth Klein in 1846 and

1947-459: The city was connected to the rail line from Halle to Erfurt , in 1889 to Artern and eventually in 1900 to Teuchern . On 15 September 1892 a steam tramway opened in Naumburg. From 2 January 1907 the Naumburg tramway was electrified. Although industry was only weakly developed, a socialist club was founded in 1848. During the 1920 Kapp Putsch five workers were killed. The establishment of

2006-564: The first founders of the church that were mentioned in the call for donations from 1249 has proven to be an unsolvable undertaking, even after the meticulous examinations of the colouration of the statues during the restoration work. The prevalent opinion in art science is that the statues on the south side are Countess Gerburg and Count Conrad and those on the north side are Countess Berchta and Count Theodoric. Two founder couples are standing across from each other in clearly prominent positions: Ekkehard II, Margrave of Meissen , with his wife Uta in

2065-426: The government had remitted taxes and imported grain from abroad. It inaugurates a solar calendar with 365¼ days per year (the most accurate in the ancient world). It declares the deceased princess Berenike a goddess and creates a cult for her, with women, men, ceremonies, and special 'bread-cakes'. Lastly it orders the decree to be incised in stone or bronze in both hieroglyphs and Greek, and to be publicly displayed in

2124-526: The home of his mother's family. The house, known as the Nietzsche-Haus , is now a museum. The office of Oberbürgermeister (Lord Mayor) was held by Bernward Küper (CDU) between 2007 and 2021. In April 2021, Armin Müller (CDU) was elected Lord Mayor. Local industries include the manufacture of foodstuffs, textiles, machinery and toys. Naumburg is in a wine-growing region, with numerous vineyards in

2183-512: The king's donations to the temples, his support for the Apis and Mnevis cults, which enjoyed huge success in the Macedonian – Egyptian world, and the return of divine statues which had been carried off by Cambyses . It extols the king's success in quelling insurgencies of native Egyptians, operations referred to as 'keeping the peace.' It reminds the reader that during a year of low inundation,

2242-636: The local Communist Party followed in December 1920. From 1933-1945, Jewish residents of Naumberg were systematically rounded up and killed. There is a memorial plaques displaying their names. Under the German Democratic Republic Naumburg was a centre of mechanical engineering, pharmaceuticals, metal-working and footwear manufacture. It was also a garrison town for the Soviet Air Force. Unofficial estimates are that

2301-806: The many matching architectural details, identical stonemason's marks recently found in Iben, Naumburg and Meissen support the evidence. The migration of the building workshop of the Naumburg Master, from Northern France over the Middle Rhine area up to the eastern boundaries of the German Empire and further on to southwestern Europe, reflects the extensive European cultural exchange during the High Middle Ages . Choir screens This mural choir screen type combines high artistic architecture, ornamentation and figural sculptures. The plant décor of

2360-409: The middle and the clearly isolated betrayer Judas to four. The monumental multi-coloured crucifixion group in the central portal of the choir screen shows in an impressive manner the immeasurable suffering of Christ and the deep and obvious grief of Mary and John. Gothic west choir The Early Gothic west choir is a hall choir and was built with an elevated gallery. On the level of the gallery,

2419-445: The new castle in Naumburg (Nuenburch) around 1028. In 1030, Naumburg appears in the sources with the addition ″civitas″. Encouraged by a privilege granted by Emperor Conrad II in 1033 the merchants of Kleinjena also moved to Naumburg, being guaranteed free trade and the heritable, interest-free ownership of their enclosed domicile. Ekkehard II and Hermann also established two monasteries: The Benedictine Monastery of St George and

Decree of Canopus - Misplaced Pages Continue

2478-436: The north and his older brother, Margrave Hermann, with his wife Reglindis in the south. Only the sculpture of Uta has experienced an unparalleled cult, fostered considerably by the photographs of Walter Hege in the early 20th century. The layout of both the bishop 's district and the old town, still intact to this day, were both created between the 11th and 13th centuries. They feature a number of high medieval monuments like

2537-612: The number of Soviet military personnel approximately equalled that of the local population. The fall of communism in 1989 was accompanied by demonstrations and gatherings in the churches of the city. Naumburg lies in the south of Saxony-Anhalt at the confluence of the Unstrut and the Saale near the border with Thuringia , approximately 60 km (37 mi) southwest of Leipzig , 50 km (31 mi) south-southwest of Halle , and 40 km (25 mi) north-northeast of Jena . To

2596-408: The people honoured with the sculptures had already been dead for 150 to 200 years at the time of creation, they are shown wearing contemporary courtly garments from the middle of the 13th century. The faces are individual and express inner emotions. The figures interact with the beholder and apparently with each other through looks and gestures. The attempt to relate the sculptures of the founders to

2655-577: The phrase Totenbuch (" Book of the Dead "). He was also a pioneer in the field of African linguistics, though his ideas are now mainly considered to be outdated. Based on his work in the ancient Egyptian language, and his field work in the Sudan, Lepsius developed a Standard Alphabet for transliterating African Languages ; it was published 1855 and revised in 1863. His 1880 Nubische Grammatik mit einer Einleitung über die Völker und Sprachen Afrika's contains

2714-690: The pioneering Lepsius list of pyramids and more than 130 tombs of noblemen in the area. While at the Great Pyramid of Giza , Lepsius inscribed a graffito written in Egyptian hieroglyphs that honours Friedrich Wilhelm IV above the pyramid's original entrance; it is still visible. Working south, stopping for extended periods at important Middle Egyptian sites, such as Beni Hasan and Dayr al-Barsha . In 1843, he visited sites in Nubia such as Jebel Barkal , Meroë and Naqa , ruined ancient cities of

2773-442: The preserved sculptural ensembles from the 13th century throughout Europe. It shows the last supper , the payment of the pieces of silver, the capture, Peter's denial, two guards, the reading of Christ's sentence, the flagellation and the carrying of the cross. An important theme of the cycle is the juxtaposition of Judas and Peter; Judas, the sinner who was desperate and damned; Peter, the sinner who believed in forgiveness and became

2832-585: The reform, the five-day "Opening of the Year" ceremonies would include an additional sixth day every fourth year. The reason given was that the rise of Sothis advances to another day in every 4 years , so that attaching the beginning of the year to the heliacal rising of the star Sirius would keep the calendar synchronized with the seasons. This Ptolemaic calendar reform failed, but was finally officially implemented in Egypt by Augustus in 26 or 25 BC, now called

2891-521: The so-called " Landesausbau " and the dynamics of cultural exchange and transfer characteristic for this very period. The first written record of Naumburg dates from 1012, when it was mentioned as the new castle of the Ekkehardinger , the Margrave of Meissen. It was founded at the crossing of two trade-routes, Via Regia and the Regensburg Road. The successful foundation not long beforehand of

2950-545: The surrounding area. SC Naumburg was a former football club in the city from September 1899 to 1908. Every year on the last weekend in June, when the cherries are ripe, the city of Naumburg celebrates the Hussite Cherry Festival. This festival has a long tradition and dates back to at least the 16th century. Since the 17th century the celebrations have been connected with the legendary siege of Naumburg by

3009-432: The temples. The Decree of Canopus attested the existence of the ancient city of Heracleion , which is now submerged, and has only recently been excavated. The Decree informs, in its Greek version, that a synod of priests was held in the city of Heracleion during the reign of King Ptolemy I . The civil Egyptian calendar had 365 days: twelve months of thirty days each and an additional five epagomenal days. According to

SECTION 50

#1732772478875

3068-475: The ten pillars supporting the vault merge with the life-sized sculptures of the founders. The twelve statues of the founders of Naumburg Cathedral rank among the most outstanding creations of European medieval sculpting. The nearly portrait-like representation of aristocratic men and women of the Thuringian-Saxon nobility is an unparalleled appreciation of the first founders of the church. Even though

3127-430: The town itself belong the quarters of Almrich (formerly Altenburg), Grochlitz , Henne and Weinberge . In addition, the borough of Naumburg consists of the following villages: Naumburg has a mild climate with warm summers and cool winters that is relatively dry for German standards. Population levels: 1: 29. October 2: 31. August 3: 30. June Naumburg Cathedral is a UNESCO world heritage site. The cathedral

3186-476: The west choir, due to its exceptional accuracy and the great variety of shapes to be seen on the capitals, friezes and corbels (corydalis, mugwort, hazel and vine), softens the sharpness and blocky features of the partition architecture and emphasises the organic character of the architecture. The relief frieze is one of the most sophisticated and formally most perfected arrangement of the Passion of Christ among

3245-726: The western bank of the Nile (such as the Ramesseum , Medinet Habu , the Valley of the Kings , etc.) and another three on the east bank at the temples of Karnak and Luxor , attempting to record as much as possible. Afterwards they stopped at Coptos , the Sinai , and sites in the Egyptian Delta , such as Tanis , before returning to Europe in 1846. In 1845, he was elected as a member to

3304-636: Was appointed as a professor of Egyptology at Berlin University in the same year, and the co-director of the Ägyptisches Museum in 1855; after the death of Giuseppe Passalacqua in 1865, he was director of the museum. In 1866 Lepsius returned to Egypt, where he discovered the Decree of Canopus at Tanis , an inscription closely related to the Rosetta Stone , which was likewise written in Egyptian ( hieroglyphic and demotic ) and Greek . Lepsius

3363-679: Was born in Naumburg on the Saale , Saxony . He studied Greek and Roman archaeology at the University of Leipzig (1829–1830), the University of Göttingen (1830–1832), and the Frederick William University of Berlin (1832–1833). After receiving his doctorate following his dissertation De tabulis Eugubinis in 1833, he travelled to Paris , where he attended lectures by the French classicist Jean Letronne , an early disciple of Jean-François Champollion and his work on

3422-400: Was built probably in the mid-12th century at the cathedral precincts, at the curia episcopalis, Domplatz 1. It exhibits the same dimensions as the residential tower of the Haus zur Hohen Lilie and has two Romanesque floors. Another residential tower used to be located on the south side of the west choir of Naumburg Cathedral. It had to give way to the new west choir built in the second quarter of

3481-450: Was president of the German Archaeological Institute in Rome from 1867 to 1880, and from 1873 until his death in 1884, the head of the Royal Library at Berlin . He was the editor of the Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde , a fundamental scientific journal for the new field of Egyptology , which remains in print to this day. While at the editorial helm, Lepsius commissioned typographer Ferdinand Theinhardt (on behalf of

#874125