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63-564: Capas is being dubbed as the “Tourism Capital of Tarlac." Apart from being known as the final site of the infamous Bataan Death March , it is also known for Mount Pinatubo treks, where thousands of mountaineers and visitors go. The town has some industrial factories like the PilMiCo. Originally a part of Zambales and Pampanga , its first settlers were the Kapampangan and the Aeta . It

126-601: A number of reasons. Japanese soldiers rarely surrendered and held those who did in contempt. The Japanese soldier was the product of a brutal military system in which physical punishment was common and so they treated the POWs accordingly. Moreover, the Filipino and American soldiers arriving at Camp O'Donnell were in poor physical condition and had survived on short rations for several months. Many were suffering from malaria and other diseases. The Japanese had made little provision for

189-882: A tree called Capas in the Aetas dialect, Bulak in Pampango or Capaz in Ilocano. The town has built the Capas National Shrine. It was built and is maintained by the Philippine government as a memorial to the Filipino and American soldiers who died in Camp O'Donnell at the end of the Bataan Death March, which totals to almost 70,000 soldiers and back-up civilians. This is a memorable site, for all Filipino and American veterans, that relates to Veterans Day in

252-556: Is a memorable site, for all Filipino and Americans veterans. that relates to Veterans Day in the Philippines. It was once a concentration camp subsequently serving as the burial grounds for thousands of Filipino and American soldiers who perished during World War II. The site was the ultimate destination point of the infamous Death March involving Filipino and American soldiers who surrendered in Bataan on April 9, 1942. Camp O'Donnell

315-406: Is also known as the current "Ari ning Parnasong Capampangan" or "King of Capampangan Literature", it is also the location of Capas National Shrine, Sitio Kasulukan, Calumpit, Dalang Baka, Aquino Page Village (Kamatis) and Bullhorn. Barangay Manlapig has rice fields and is among the liveliest barangays during the evening. Barangay Lawy is known for being a place for many of the first Ilocano settlers in

378-542: Is disposed. Malutung gabun or Red soil has a replica of Capas National Shrine which is sometimes featured on Philippine maps. Barangay Santo Rosario (Holy Rosary) has Villa De Santo Rosario, Rosary-ville, Small Tokyo which was formerly a Japanese Garrison hence its name, Pascuala which has the most poultries and piggeries in Capas it also has one of the most polluted tributaries to Lucong river because surrounding piggeries have made it wastewaters for pig excrement, despite protests,

441-423: Is located 58 kilometres (36 mi) north of Central Luzon 's regional center San Fernando, Pampanga , and 124 kilometres (77 mi) north of Manila. Tarlac City is approximately 24 metres (79 ft) above sea level on some parts but reaching even 50 metres (160 ft) on large western portions. Tarlac City was historically a part of what is now Porac, Pampanga . Parts of Tarlac City are claimed to be among

504-487: Is said that town was either named after the edible plant called Capas-Capas or was taken from the first three letters of the surnames Capitulo, Capunfuerza, Capunpue, Capili, Capongga, Capunpun, Capati, Capil and Capuno, etc. then adding the letters "a" and "s" hence forming "Capas". The municipality is home to the Capas National Shrine , an obelisk with a central bell, which was built and is maintained by

567-581: Is the Capas Town Fiesta. Tarlac province was founded on May 28, 1874. In the course of time, the townspeople of Capas were ordered by the Spanish authorities to change their family name of their own choosing on condition such family names begin with letter “C”, the first letter of Capas. Descendants of the early inhabitants still hold to this day such family names as Capiendo, Capuno, Capitulo, Capule, Capunpun, Cayabyab, Castañeda and Catacutan. In

630-503: Is the location of Mount Telakawa or Straw hat Mountain on the boundaries of Santa Juliana and Maruglu. It also provides access to Mount Pinatubo via the preferred route through Barangay Santa Juliana. Mount Bueno is the site of Bueno hot springs in Barangay Bueno. Malatarlak and Salay or Lemon grass grow abundantly on Mor-Asia or Talahib mountain at Sitio Kalangitan. Mount Canouman is the largest in terms of surface area, known as

693-614: Is used for administrative functions by the local government, local media and in education. As the majority of the residents are Kapampangans, most of the Ilocanos speak Kapampangan as first language. The town is also predominantly Roman Catholic but there are also Christian congregations of some sects, like The United Methodist Church , Iglesia ni Cristo , The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , Jehovah's Witnesses, Baptist and Jesus Miracle Crusade. Poverty incidence of Capas Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Capas

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756-541: The Philippine Army 's newly created 71st Division and after the Americans' return, a United States Army camp. During World War II , the reservation was used as a prisoner-of-war camp for Filipino and American soldiers captured by Japan during its successful invasion of the Philippines . About 60,000 Filipino and 9,000 Americans were housed at the camp. During the few months in 1942 that Camp O'Donnell

819-745: The U.S. Air Force and became home to the 3rd Tactical Electronic Warfare Training Squadron, the Pacific Air Forces Electronic Warfare Range, and the Crow Valley Range Complex . Operating Location Delta (OL-D) of the 1961st Communications Group was also located at Camp O'Donnell. OL-D provided communications support to Camp O'Donnell, the Crow Valley Range Complex, worldwide high-frequency military transmitters and microwave relay support Voice of America broadcasts out of

882-424: The province of Tarlac , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 385,398 people making it the most populous in the province. Tarlac's first settlers came from Bacolor , Pampanga . They cleared the area, fertilised the soil, and then established their settlement here in 1788. Tarlac's name is a Hispanized derivation from a talahib weed called tarlak , an Aeta term. The area around

945-570: The 1850s, Capas was a part of the western Pampanga Commandancia Militar de Tarlac which includes the town of Bamban, Concepcion, Victoria, O’Donnell, Murcia, Moriones, Florida Blanca, Porac, Mabalacat, and Magalang. O’Donnell (Patling) was then a bustling pueblo established by the Augustinians Recolletos Mission in the 1800s, named in honor of Carlos O’Donnell y Abreu, the Spanish Minister of State who visited

1008-588: The American POWs were sent to other POW camps or to work sites scattered around the country and ultimately to Japan and other countries. From September 1942 to January 1943, Japan paroled the Filipino POWs. They signed an oath not to become guerrillas, and the mayors of their home towns were made responsible for their conduct as parolees. Japan closed Camp O'Donnell as a POW camp on January 20, 1943. The POWs at Camp O'Donnell died in large numbers for

1071-501: The Bulsa Moriones River and Santa Lucia River that form Tarlac River. Capas is politically subdivided into 20 barangays .   Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . The original Capas was Pagbatuan where the Aetas resides before the new settlers came to the now proper town of Capas. Barangay Cutcut, meaning "to bury", or "burial", is known for its landfill where garbage from other municipalities

1134-482: The Dominican College of Tarlac. Other schools in Capas include Capas East Central School, Capas High School (Formerly: Dolores High School), Gabaldon Elementary School, Montessori School of St. Nicholas among others. Wellspring High School and Capas Christian School are the new private schools. Cubcub, Cut-Cut II, Santo Domingo I, Santo Domingo II, and Santo Rosario are the town's poblacion and location of

1197-621: The Ecumenical Christian College. The Malatarlak Festival, celebrated every January in Tarlac City, is one of the most remarkable festivals in the province. In 2011, the City Mayor then changed the name of the festival to Melting Pot Festival, but it is still remembered by its former name. The festival is a commemoration to the first people who built civilization in the province, the Aetas. The names and themes of

1260-719: The Filipino swimmer Teófilo Yldefonso , who won the country's first ever Olympic medal, died at the camp aged 38. Camp O'Donnell was recaptured by the United States Army , the Philippine Commonwealth Army , and the Philippine Constabulary on January 30, 1945. After the surrender of Japan , Capt. Yoshio Tsuneyoshi, who was a graduate of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy Class of 1915,

1323-627: The National Government where it serves as a backup office should Metro Manila experience emergencies such as earthquakes, floods, and other calamities. It is located in the BCDA reservation in Capas that used to be a test site of military aircraft when Clark Air Base was under control of the United States. NCC will also serve as the primary venue of the 2019 Southeast Asian Games . Capas has relatively high ground, hilly places near

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1386-557: The POWs and were preoccupied with completing their conquest of the Philippines. Moreover, the Japanese declined to treat the POWs in accordance with the Geneva Convention of 1929, which Japan had signed but had not ratified. Conditions at Camp O'Donnell were primitive. The POWs lived in bamboo huts, sleeping on the bamboo floor often without any covering. There was no plumbing; water was scarce. Weakened by malaria, dysentery

1449-653: The Pangasinans, Ilocanos, and Tagalogs speak Kapampangan as first language. According to statistics compiled by the Philippine government, the most dominant religion in the city is Christianity. The majority of Christians are Roman Catholics followed by a large concentration of Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ). Other Christian groups belong to various Protestant denominations. There are some being non-Christian such as Muslims, etc. Poverty incidence of Tarlac City Source: Philippine Statistics Authority There are several shopping malls established within

1512-529: The Patling pueblo. O’Donnell was reverted as a barrio of Capas by the Philippine Commission of 1902 including Moriones reverted to Tarlac town and Murcia back to Concepcion. Capas is known in history as the site of the infamous death march concentration camp during World War II. Of the etymology of Capas, old folks believed it derived its name from a wild vine "Capas-capas" or it originated from

1575-728: The Philippine government as a memorial to the Filipino and American soldiers who died in Camp O'Donnell at Barangay Aranguren. during the end of the Bataan Death March . This is an important site related to Veterans Day in the Philippines, every April 9, the anniversary of the surrender of the defending US and Philippine Commonwealth forces to the Japanese in 1942. When the raid at Capas on 1945, combined US and Philippine Commonwealth ground troops supporting local recognized guerrillas freed by few thousands of Filipino and American POW's on Bataan Death March and attacking Japanese forces. This

1638-586: The Philippines to face the military tribunal under the Philippine Army , pled guilty of the charges for the death of 21,000 Filipino POWs, and was sentenced to life imprisonment on July 19, 1949. On July 4, 1953, Pres. Elpidio Quirino included him in the list of pardoned Japanese war criminals, but was to continue his sentence in Sugamo Prison in Tokyo . Camp O'Donnell was later transferred to

1701-541: The Philippines. The former internment camp is the location for the Capas National Shrine which was built and is maintained by the Philippine government as a memorial to the Filipino and American soldiers who died there. A huge obelisk now stands as a grave marker on the original site of the camp, which charges an entrance fee of less than Ph₱ 20 per head. In 2016, the Bases Conversion and Development Authority commenced construction work of New Clark City at

1764-510: The Philippines. It was once a concentration camp subsequently serving as the burial grounds for thousands of Filipino and American soldiers who perished during World War II. The site was the ultimate destination point of the Bataan Death March involving Filipino and American soldiers who surrendered in Bataan on April 9, 1942. Camp O'Donnell was a facility of the United States Air Force in Capas, Tarlac, Philippines . Before

1827-579: The Tambo Lake. Capas is 108 kilometres (67 mi) north of Manila and is 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) southwest of the provincial capital, Tarlac City . Many of the streams in the province contain small bits of petrified wood, fish, freshwater crabs, and other animals. Namria and Dingding creek merge as the two major tributaries to Lucong river in Concepcion . Most of Tarlac's waterways that originate from Mount Pinatubo pass through Capas, including

1890-416: The barangays of Burgos, David, Iba, Labney, Lawacamulag, Lubigan, Maamot, Mababanaba, Moriones, Pao, San Juan de Valdez, Sula, and Villa Aglipay, originally part of the then-municipality of Tarlac, separated and formed to be the part of San Jose . Tarlac now retains its 274.66 km (106.05 sq mi) area. Finally, on March 12, 1998, Republic Act 8593 was signed by President Fidel V. Ramos , making Tarlac as

1953-419: The camp to support such influx of population. Aside from the limited barracks to house the POWs, the facilities lacked a proper hospital facility, water system, sewer system, and dining facilities. The Filipinos and Americans were housed in separate sections of the camp. There was a constant movement in and out of the camp as the Japanese transferred prisoners to other locations on work details. In June, most of

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2016-451: The camp's American adjutant, Capt. John E. Olson, estimated that some 20–30 more were unrecorded. The American POWs at Camp O'Donnell were moved to new POW camps near Cabanatuan . About 120 senior officers, including General Wainwright , commander of U.S. forces in the Philippines, were taken to a camp near Tarlac City after their surrender at Corregidor in May 1942. On June 19, 1942,

2079-403: The city include Pangasinan Solid North Transit, Inc. , Dagupan Bus Company , Philippine Rabbit , Victory Liner , Five Star , First North Luzon Transit , Luzon Cisco Transport, Genesis, Santrans, Viron Transit , Partas , and many others. Many of the bus companies' rest stops can be found along MacArthur Highway including Siesta and Motorway. The MacArthur Highway goes from the southern to

2142-1133: The city. To name a few, there is the SM City Tarlac , which is the first SM Supermall in the Tarlac Province, located along McArthur Highway in San Roque; Plaza Luisita Mall, which is the first shopping center in Central Luzon (now Robinsons Luisita); the Magic Star Mall along Romulo Blvd. in Barangay Cut-cut; My MetroTown Mall in Barangay Sto Cristo; Palm Plaza Mall located along McArthur Highway corner F. Tanedo St. Barangay Matatalaib; CityWalk also located in Barangay San Roque and CityMall located in Barangay San Rafael. As

2205-468: The component city of the province of Tarlac . On April 18, 1998, its residents approved the conversion of the municipality into a city. Tarlac was proclaimed as the component city by COMELEC on the next day, on April 19, 1998. On October 27, 2005, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed the Proclamation No. 940, making Tarlac City into a highly urbanized city (HUC) in the province. However,

2268-401: The current capital city was described as matarlak or malatarlak , a word meaning "abundant with tarlak grass." This small community of settlers experienced rapid population growth, as settlers from Bataan , Pampanga and Zambales moved into the area. The Kapampangan language , which is the language of Pampanga , became the native language of this town. Roads and barrios were built over

2331-638: The educational center of Tarlac, Tarlac City houses the main campus of Tarlac State University , as well as other higher educational institutions. The Tarlac City Schools Division of the Department of Education operates 87 elementary schools and 13 high schools as of 2013. Some private schools in Tarlac City are the Don Bosco Technical Institute , College of the Holy Spirit , Tarlac Montessori School , Kian Tiak School, and

2394-472: The facility was put on hold. Camp O'Donnell was the destination of the Filipino and American soldiers who surrendered after the Battle of Bataan on April 9, 1942. The Japanese took approximately 70,000 prisoners: 60,000 Filipinos and 9,000 Americans. The prisoners were forced to undertake the Bataan Death March of approximately 145 kilometres (90 mi) to arrive at Camp O'Donnell. Many soldiers died during

2457-558: The facility was transferred to the Philippine Air Force, it was first a Philippine Constabulary post then a United States Army facility. Another site, Santo Domingo Death March Marker, which is located in Capas were about 60,000 Filipino soldiers who were camped and eventually unloaded to start the second phase of the Death March. New Clark City ground broke in 2016 and is envisioned as a Business Contingency Hub of

2520-527: The festivals in Tarlac City have changed over the years depending on the city's leadership. For the current administration (since July 2016), the local fiesta or festival has been called Kaisa Festival derived from the word magkaisa (to unite). Tarlac City is the usual bus stop for commuters traveling from the South to the Ilocos Region and Cordillera provinces . Bus companies that take a route through

2583-406: The few portions of land in the province which was not created by ancient eruptions from Mount Pinatubo . Tarlac City is politically subdivided into 76 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . In the 2020 census, the population of Tarlac City was 385,398 people, with a density of 1,400 inhabitants per square kilometre or 3,600 inhabitants per square mile. Being at

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2646-475: The following decades through hard work of its residents. Following the foundation of the province of Tarlac in 1872, Tarlac was designated as the capital of the new province. On June 21, 1969, President Ferdinand Marcos signed and approved the Republic Act 5907, converting this municipality into a city. However, its plebiscite was unsuccessful, showing their voters rejected cityhood. On April 21, 1990,

2709-463: The former American camp. The location is currently the headquarters of the Philippine Army 's Mechanized Infantry Division . Tarlac City Tarlac City , officially the City of Tarlac ( Kapampangan : Lakanbalen ning Tarlac ; Pangasinan : Siyudad na Tarlac ; Ilocano : Siudad ti Tarlac ; Filipino : Lungsod ng Tarlac [tɐɾˈlak] ), is a 1st class city and the capital of

2772-578: The government has taken little to no action regarding the pollution caused by piggeries. Pinagpala which has a sugar-cane farm, mango plantations, etc. Santo Rosario is also the location of Capas Public Cemetery or Cabu Santu, the original Capas cemetery was once located where the entrance way to Small Tokyo near the Barangay Hall. , as well as the San Nicolas De Tolentino Parish which is the town church that stands next to

2835-410: The hardships were thousands of POW deaths. Filipino deaths were much higher in numbers and percentages; as many as 20,000 Filipinos died. For the Americans, the deadliest period was the end of May with more than 40 soldiers dying each day. The number of Americans who died at Camp O'Donnell is not precisely known; 1,547 American deaths were recorded, about one sixth of the total number of American POWs, but

2898-585: The late 16th century when immigrants from Pampanga, Zambales, Pangasinan and the Ilocos region flock into the settlements. It is considered the oldest town in Tarlac. Capas became a pueblo (town) in 1710 beginning as a sleepy settlement at a place between Cutcut River in Sitio Pagbatuan and Gudya (present site) founded by Kapitan Mariano Capiendo. Capas' patron saint is San Nicolas de Tolentino. September 9–10

2961-477: The march and the survivors arrived at the camp in extremely poor condition. The first Filipino and American prisoners-of-war arrived at Camp O'Donnell on April 11, 1942, and were welcomed by the Camp Commandant, Capt. Yoshio Tsuneyoshi. The Japanese military leadership was ill-prepared to handle the incarceration of almost 70,000 Prisoners of War, and did not have the logistics or facilities prepared at

3024-424: The meeting point of both Kapampangan and Pangasinan languages, cultures, and ethnicities, both languages are predominantly spoken in the city and environs. Ilocano and Tagalog are also used, especially those with Ilocano and/or Tagalog ethnicity/ancestry, respectively, with the latter language also serving as a medium for inter-ethnic communications. As the majority of the residents are Kapampangans, most of

3087-430: The mountain of Spirits, it is a dangerous 10-hour walk from Sitio Salangui. The majority of mountains in Capas are relatively easy climbs. Mount Dalin, the smaller straw hat mountain is near a 300-meter peak called Prayer Mountain or Peniel where a few rooms are available for rent. The feast day of San Nicolas De Tolentino is held every 10 September; the origin of the name Capas is disputed but has two prominent sources, it

3150-455: The mountain range are at an approximate 46 meters. It is bordered by San Jose on the north, Tarlac City on the north-east, Concepcion on the east, Botolan, Zambales , on the west and south-west and Bamban on the rest of the southern parts. The west side of the town is mountainous while the east side is a plain. The town is also known as "The Gateway to Pinatubo Volcano." The town also consists of Hot springs and several freshwater lakes like

3213-414: The municipality. Barangay Mangga (Mango) used to be filled with the fruit-bearing tree or presumably. Barangay Estrada is the last stop before reaching Tarlac City through McArthur highway. Patling, Santa Lucia, Bueno, Maruglu and Santa Juliana are mountainous and hilly while filled with vast lands and forest, presumably the place where the earliest settlers of the town stayed. As one of the richest towns in

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3276-653: The noon of the 30th day of June, 2022. Except the Ex-officios of the Sangguniang Bayan Atty. Roseller B. Rodriguez (PDPLaban) Alexander Espinosa (PDPLaban) Ex-Officio's Camp O%27Donnell Camp O'Donnell is a current military base and former United States military reservation in the Philippines located on Luzon island in the municipality of Capas in Tarlac . It housed

3339-501: The northern end of the city. There are a series of roads leading to Zambales and Pangasinan as well as Baguio . Most buses passing through the town of Camiling onwards to Pangasinan usually take the Romulo Highway which forks from MacArthur Highway along Barangay San Roque. Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway (SCTEx) connects with Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway (TPLEx) and Central Luzon Link Expressway (CLLEx) within

3402-446: The province, it consists of numerous subdivisions and exclusive villages. In the 2020 census, the population of Capas was 156,056 people, with a density of 410 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,100 inhabitants per square mile. The people of Capas are predominantly Kapampangan because of their close ties from Pampanga . Ilocano is also used, but both ethnicities who cannot speak each other's languages tend to speak Tagalog, which

3465-482: The provincial government opposed the city's campaign for conversion into HUC. The majority of voters rejected the conversion in the plebiscite on February 11, 2006. The city is situated at the centre of the province of Tarlac , along the Tarlac River . To its north is Gerona and Santa Ignacia , west is San Jose , south is Capas and Concepcion and eastern boundaries are Victoria and La Paz . Tarlac City

3528-469: The public market. Santa Rita is among the smallest barrios (barangays) of the municipality but has a church and school. Barangay Talaga is known for its production of Tinapa or smoked fish, Barangay Dolores has its garden plants and Santo Domingo has the Capas Junction which also has fast-food chains like the town proper. Barangay Aranguren (aling goring) is home to Poet Laureate Renato Alzadon, who

3591-417: The treatment of prisoners and were surprised at the large number that they captured. They had believed the force opposing them in Bataan was much smaller and that the prisoners would number only about 10,000, rather than the 70,000 or more who were actually captured. The Japanese were unprepared to provide the POWs with adequate food, shelter, and medical treatment. Japanese military leadership was inattentive to

3654-518: Was a facility of the United States Air Force in Capas, Tarlac, Philippines . Before the facility was transferred to the Air Force, it was first a Philippine Constabulary post then a United States Army facility. Another site, Santo Domingo Death March Marker, which is located in Capas were about 60,000 Filipino soldiers who were camped and eventually unloaded to start the second phase of the Death March. The following officials assumed their offices on

3717-477: Was built on a 250-hectare plot of land about 65 miles north of Manila , the capital city of the Philippines. The camp's development was overseen by the Philippine Department 's U.S. Army Engineer. When the camp was first constructed, it was meant to house the 71st Infantry Division of the Philippine Army . When the camp's inmates were ordered to repel the approaching Japanese forces, building on

3780-519: Was captured in Japan and brought to the military tribunal under the 8th United States Army in Yokohama . He pleaded not guilty towards the charges in contributing to the death of 1,461 American military personnel incarcerated in Camp O'Donnell. On November 21, 1947, he was found guilty and sentenced to death. His sentence was later reduced to life imprisonment and hard labor. He was later transferred to

3843-631: Was founded in the year 1710 by the Augustinian Friars. During the American Colonial period, the Americans built the Camp O'Donell for military installation until when the Japanese used it as a concentration camp during the Bataan Death March as the last stop of the march. Capas as all other towns in Tarlac province was a part of vast wilderness inhabited by the Abelling tribes known as Aetas. The history of Capas dates back in

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3906-507: Was rampant. Medicine was in short supply. Food consisted of rice and vegetable soup, occasionally with shreds of water buffalo meat. The diet provided about 1,500 calories daily and was deficient in protein and vitamins. Vitamin deficiency illnesses such as beri-beri and pelagra developed among many. The Japanese refused most offers of assistance for the POWs, including from the Philippine Red Cross . The consequences of

3969-644: Was used as a prisoner-of-war camp , about 20,000 Filipinos and 1,500 Americans died there of disease, starvation, neglect, and brutality. After World War II, it became a base of the United States Air Force and the location of the U.S. Naval Radio Station, Tarlac , with the Philippine Army installation occupying its eastern side. It housed the Training Command's Philippine Army Officer Candidate School , NCO Academy, and Headquarters Service Battalion. In August 1941, Camp O'Donnell

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