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Carnarvon National Park

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71-634: Carnarvon National Park is located in the Southern Brigalow Belt bioregion in the Maranoa Region in Central Queensland , Australia. The park is 593 km northwest of Brisbane . It began life as a 26,304-hectare (65,000-acre) reserve gazetted in 1932 to protect Carnarvon Gorge for its outstanding scenic values, its Indigenous and non-Indigenous cultural heritage, and its geological significance. Situated within

142-555: A dobson fly, and four species of land snail. Feral animals are present within the National Park, the ones presenting the most serious problems being brumbies and pigs. In 2007, culling of both species began by riflemen in helicopters or airplanes. In 2008 the third phase of an aerial culling of Brumbies took place, by shooting 700 horses from a helicopter, in Carnarvon National Park. Such aerial culling

213-639: A good example of the heights to which this form of human expression was taken in Central Queensland. Contemporary Indigenous culture in the park is much changed from that of pre-colonial Central Queensland; however strong Indigenous links to the landscapes within Carnarvon National Park are maintained through traditional owner involvement in the protection and preservation of the Park's cultural sites. The first European to traverse

284-591: A horse's coat, resulting in a mealy-coloured muzzle, forearms, flanks and the belly. It is sometimes seen in chestnut horses with flaxen -coloured manes and tails. The Pangaré brumbies appear to have adapted well to their coastal environment, where they are consuming saltbush , which they do not appear to be damaging. The Department of Environment and Conservation and the Outback Heritage Horse Association of Western Australia (OHHAWA) are monitoring these particular brumbies to ensure

355-486: A large area to target the densest populations and shooters may get close enough to the target animals to ensure termination. This method is considered the most effective and cost efficient means of control, but disapproval is high amongst those that believe it is inhumane. Organisations supporting brumbies argue that aerial shooting is unnecessary and that alternative population control methods have not been given adequate trials, while government officials express concern about

426-504: A local horse breeder after 1952, there was no significant long term population of "wild" horses in the park area prior to this date. On the coast south of Geraldton, Western Australia the brumbies there are known as "Pangare ponies", as they appear to carry the rare Pangaré gene. This colouring is commonly known as mealy and is seen mainly in a number of old breeds such as British Ponies, Timor Ponies , Haflingers and even Belgian Draught horses. The gene causes lightening in parts of

497-414: A means of control because of the damage brumby overpopulation can cause to native flora and fauna, but are also generally opposed to various means of extermination. This makes management a challenge for policymakers. The traditional method of removal, called brumby running, is reminiscent of Banjo Paterson 's iconic poem, The Man from Snowy River where expert riders rope the brumbies and remove them to

568-424: A mob of scrubbers; or, as they have been called in the latter days, "brumbies" , and another asks, do your town-readers know what it is,—or who, or what is a "brumbie"? It simply means a wild horse. Other articles follow the word brumby with the meaning - usually wild horse or unbranded horse, some adding that it is a bush or Queensland word. The Australasian magazine from Melbourne in 1880 said that brumbies

639-401: A new location. Options for population control include fertility control, ground and helicopter shooting, and mustering and trapping. None of the methods provide complete freedom from suffering for the horses, and the cost of each is very high. The costs include those that are economic, such as research, equipment purchases, and labour expenditures, as well as moral concerns over the welfare of

710-630: A part of Australia's colonial history and as such their historic legacy is as politically controversial as their biological impact. Supporters of brumby preservation, especially those who live in rural areas, consider them an integral part of their culture and heritage. Others view them as a vestige of colonisation , reflecting the dispossession of Aboriginal people's land stewardship and culture. Brumbies, called "wild bush horses", are mentioned in Banjo Paterson 's poem The Man from Snowy River . Paterson and extracts of his poem has appeared on

781-756: A reduction of 64 horses. The NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service commenced a plan in 2007 to reduce brumby numbers by passive trapping in the Oxley Wild Rivers National Park . Over 60 brumbies captured in the Apsley River Gorge have now been re-homed. In 2008 the third phase of an aerial culling of brumbies took place, by shooting 700 horses from a helicopter, in Carnarvon Gorge in Carnarvon National Park , Queensland. Brumbies are considered

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852-419: A region affects bird species by removing plants upon which they feed, as well as altering the habitat of the birds and their prey. Feral horse grazing is also linked to a decline in reptiles and amphibians due to habitat loss. In addition, the grazing and trampling near waterways influences aquatic fauna. In areas frequented by horses, crab densities are higher, increasing the propensity for predation on fish. As

923-455: A result, fish densities decline as the removal of vegetation renders them more susceptible to predation. In areas where horses are abundant, macropod populations are less prevalent. This is most likely due to the horses' consumption of vegetation upon which the macropods normally feed. When horses are removed, signs of the presence of various macropods, specifically the black-footed rock wallaby , increase. Thus, competition with horses may be

994-599: A serious environmental threat. However, because they also have cultural and potential economic value, the management of brumbies presents a complex issue. Brumbies roaming in the Australian Alps of south-eastern Australia are thought to be descendants of horses which were owned by the pastoralist and pioneer, Benjamin Boyd . Feral horses in Barmah National Park mainly originate from stock released by

1065-629: A tourist attraction. Brumbies are sometimes sold into the European horse meat market after their capture, and contribute millions of dollars to the Australian economy. Approximately 30% of horses for meat export originates from the feral population. The hides and hair of these horses are also used and sold. Wild brumbies are used in brumby training camps by organisations that promote positive interaction between troubled, high-risk youths. These camps usually last several weeks, allowing youths to train

1136-401: A wild brumby to become a quiet, willing saddle horse while improving the youths' self-esteem. Wild brumbies are also used in the brumby catch and handle event in stockman's challenge competitions, where riders are required to catch a free running brumby from their horse within a time limit of a few minutes. Sectional points are awarded for the stockman's challenge for care and skill in catching

1207-490: A wild horse, plus five instances where one of these articles was copied into another newspaper. Four of these instances were of an article "Brumbie Shooting" from Munro's Port Curtis Almanac and Miners' and Settlers' Companion for 1876 . In all 15 of the 24 articles referred to brumby shooting or hunting. Generally from these articles it is evident that brumby was a new word and therefore probably unfamiliar to newspaper readers at that time (i.e. 1870s). One article mentions

1278-574: Is a local government area in South West Queensland , Australia . The town of Roma is the administrative headquarters of the region. In the 2021 census , the Maranoa Region had a population of 12,825 people. The Gunggari language region of South West Queensland includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Maranoa Region particularly the towns of Mitchell , Amby , Dunkeld and Mungallala and

1349-429: Is a contentious issue to some members of the public. However, there is little doubt that both species cause considerable alteration to the values the park is designed to protect. Through their grazing and their repetitious patterns of movement, feral horses alter the composition of the ground cover, and this can accelerate erosion through over-grazing and excessive hoof traffic. Feral pigs are thought to be responsible for

1420-614: Is a free-roaming feral horse in Australia . Although found in many areas around the country, the best-known brumbies are found in the Australian Alps region. Today, most of them are found in the Northern Territory , with the second largest population in Queensland . A group of brumbies is known as a "mob" or "band". Brumbies are the descendants of escaped or lost horses, dating back in some cases to those belonging to

1491-445: Is also controversy over removal of brumbies from National Parks. The primary argument in favour of the removal of brumbies is that they impact on fragile ecosystems and damage and destroy endangered native flora and fauna. Public concern is a major issue in control efforts as many advocate for the protection of brumbies, including some Aboriginal people who believe feral horses belong to the country. Other horse interest groups resent

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1562-750: Is costly and difficult to treat animals repeatedly, this method, despite being ideal, is not widely implemented. Shooting by trained marksmen is considered to be the most practical method of control due to its effectiveness. The NSW Department of Primary Industries believe shooting is the preferred method of population control as it does not subject the horses to the stresses of mustering, yarding, and long-distance transportation, all of which are related to 'capture and removal' methods. Horses that are only initially wounded from shooting are tracked and dispatched if they are in accessible, open country. Brumbie advocacy groups do not consider mountain shooting to be humane. Helicopter shootings allow for aerial reconnaissance of

1633-649: Is currently underway that will allow bush walkers to circumnavigate Carnarvon Gorge in around five days. The Carnarvon Gorge section is accessible from either Rolleston or Injune along the Carnarvon Highway . The Mount Moffatt section is accessible from either Injune or Mitchell . The Salvator Rosa and Ka Ka Mundi sections are accessible via the Tambo Road from either Tambo or Springsure . [REDACTED] Carnarvon National Park travel guide from Wikivoyage Maranoa Region Maranoa Region

1704-411: Is highly vulnerable to trampling, and the short summers mean little time for plants to grow and recover from damage. The biodiversity there is high, with 853 species of plant, 21 of which are found nowhere else. Erosion in the limestone karst areas leads to runoff and silting. Sphagnum moss is an important component of highland bogs, and is trampled by horses seeking water. Feral horses may also reduce

1775-432: Is in 1804 and by the 1840s, some horses had escaped from settled regions of Australia. It is likely that some escaped because fences were not properly installed, if fences existed at all, but it is believed that most Australian horses became feral because they were released into the wild and left to fend for themselves. This may have been the result of pastoralists abandoning their settlements and thus, their horses, due to

1846-578: Is low demand for the captured horses, making it less desirable than fertility control or shooting, which reduce the population without having to find alternative locations for them. As of 2023 the estimated number of brumbies in Kosciuszko National Park is 18,000, up from 14,000 in 2020. Between 22 October and 24 October 2000, approximately 600 brumbies were shot in the Guy Fawkes River National Park by

1917-520: Is on the plains around the Barwon River and Narran River in northern New South Wales. The two oldest known appearances in print (from Walgett, New South Wales in 1871 and St George, Queensland in 1874) are both from this area, and the next two - letters to The Queenslander in 1874 and 1875 - are from a self-described 'slayer of brumbies' living in Boobera, near Goondiwindi , just to

1988-658: Is particularly rich in species of bats with at least twenty known to be there. The Ornithorhyncus anatinus , the platypus, is at its western limit of habitation in Queensland within this National Park, along with most of the park's gliding possums . Carnarvon Gorge has commercial night tours that take visitors into the park in search of gliders and other nocturnal life. At least 90 species of reptiles call this park home, over half of which are either skinks or geckoes , and 35 species have their State distributional limits here. Twenty-two species of amphibians have been found in

2059-403: Is significant as its 298,000 hectares represents over half the total landmass of protected areas within the Southern Brigalow Belt bioregion. Carnarvon National Park is significant to Bidjara , Karingbal , and Kara Kara people of Central Queensland. The park contains many reminders of Aboriginal cultural connection in rock art sites, burial places and occupation sites . Kenniff Cave , in

2130-515: Is the Carnarvon Gorge section which receives an estimated 65,000 visitors per year. Mount Moffatt is the next most visited section, followed by Salvator Rosa and Ka Ka Mundi. The remaining sections of the park receive virtually no visitation at all, and are consequently high in wilderness values. Carnarvon National Park offers a variety of recreational activities including four-wheel driving, wildlife watching, hiking along maintained tracks, and bush walking into remote areas. A ninety-kilometre-long trail

2201-469: The Australian $ 10 note since 1993. This poem was expanded into the films The Man from Snowy River and The Man from Snowy River II (US title: " Return to Snowy River " – UK title: " The Untamed ") – also The Man from Snowy River (TV series) and The Man from Snowy River: Arena Spectacular . Another Banjo Paterson poem, called Brumby's Run , describes a mob of brumbies running wild. Paterson

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2272-632: The First Fleet . They were imported for farm and utility work; recreational riding and racing were not major activities. By 1800, only about 200 horses are thought to have reached Australia. Horse racing became popular around 1810, resulting in an influx of Thoroughbred imports, mostly from England. Roughly 3,500 horses were living in Australia by 1820 and this number had grown to 160,000 by 1850, largely due to natural increase. The long journey by sea from England , Europe and Asia meant that only

2343-670: The Lands Department . Each lease carried a condition that a certain area had to be cultivated with wheat within a specified period. A map advertised the offer which ran from the 17 to 31 May 1927. In July 2007, the Local Government Reform Commission released a report recommending a number of amalgamations of local government areas in Queensland. As a result, under the Local Government (Reform Implementation) Act 2007 , on 15 March 2008,

2414-604: The National Parks and Wildlife Service . As a result of the public outcry that followed the NSW Government established a steering committee to investigate alternative methods of control. Since the campaign began to remove horses from the national park, over 400 have been passively trapped and taken from the Park, and 200 of these have been re-homed. A particular feral horse of Australia, the Coffin Bay pony ,

2485-590: The 1860s. Their environmental impact may include soil loss, compaction, and erosion; trampling of vegetation; reduction in the vastness of plants; increased tree deaths by chewing on bark; damage to bog habitats and waterholes; spreading of invasive weeds; and various detrimental effects on population of native species. In some cases, when feral horses are startled, they may damage infrastructure, including troughs, pipes, and fences. However, brumbies are also credited for helping keep tracks and trails clear for bush walkers and service vehicles in some areas. In recent years,

2556-638: The Art Gallery and Cathedral Cave in Carnarvon Gorge , are regarded by some researchers as the best in the world. It appears they developed complex stencilling techniques that have not been replicated elsewhere. Only one full adult body stencil is known to exist in the world; it can be seen publicly at the Tombs site in the Mount Moffatt section of the park. It is the largest known stencil, and

2627-882: The Central Queensland Sandstone Belt, and straddling the Great Dividing Range , Carnarvon National Park preserves and presents significant elements of Queensland 's geological history including two sedimentary basins , the Bowen and the Surat , and the Buckland Volcanic Province. The youngest rocks in the area are the igneous basalt rocks of the Buckland volcanic Province, which were laid down between 35 and 27 million years ago. Since that time, water and wind have eroded

2698-785: The Great Dividing Range on the northern boundary of the Murray-Darling Basin . Forty regional ecosystems are known to exist within the park and nine of them are listed as endangered, due to large-scale land clearing within the region. Twenty-three species of flora listed as rare and threatened (Under Queensland legislation) have been found in the park, including the iconic Livistona nitida (Carnarvon Fan Palm, Carnarvon Gorge section), Cadellia pentastylis (Ooline, Moolayember section), and Stemmacantha australis (Austral Cornflower, Mount Moffatt section). Several plants occur in disjunct populations, or reach

2769-619: The Mount Moffatt section, was the first Australian archaeological site to return carbon dates on occupational evidence that pushed human occupation of the continent into the Late Pleistocene at 19,500 years before present. Prior to D.J. Mulvaney 's excavation of Kenniff Cave, it was thought that Australia had only been occupied during the Holocene , fewer than 10,000 years before present. The indigenous stencil artists of Central Queensland, such as those who created sites such as

2840-532: The Wild Brumbies ), starring Russell Crowe and Caroline Goodall . The books were also used as a base for an animated children's television series . The brumby was adopted as an emblem in 1996 by then newly formed ACT Brumbies , a rugby union team based in Canberra , Australia competing in what was then known as Super 12, now Super Rugby . Subaru sold a small coupe utility in Australia under

2911-480: The already threatened and limited vegetation, and their negative influences are more widespread. Feral horses may also chew the bark of trees, which may leave some trees vulnerable to external threats. This has occurred during drought, among eucalyptus species on the Red Range plateau. It appears as though feral horses may prefer these species. The changes in vegetation that result when feral horses overpopulate

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2982-459: The area to avoid unwanted official scrutiny. The Ward brothers hunted fur in the Carnarvons year round at a time when there were restricted open seasons. The Kenniff brothers (Kenniff Cave's namesakes) became notorious local horse thieves, and later murderers. Today, tourism, recreation, and conservation are the main human activities conducted on the park. The most popular section of the park

3053-532: The arid conditions and unfamiliar land that combined to make farming in Australia especially difficult. After World War I , the demand for horses by defence forces declined with the growth in mechanisation, which led to a growth in the number of unwanted animals that were often set free. Throughout the 20th century, the replacement of horses with machines in farming led to further reductions in demand, and may have also contributed to increases in feral populations. Currently, Australia has at least 400,000 horses roaming

3124-581: The brumby and their ability to teach them to lead. These demanding challenges for riders are held in New South Wales at Dalgety , Tamworth and Murrurundi plus The Man From Snowy River Challenge in Corryong, Victoria . Several New South Wales show societies, including Walcha , Bellingen and Dorrigo , hold special classes for registered brumbies at their annual agricultural shows . Horses were first described as pests in Australia in

3195-487: The careful management of these unusual feral horses. Brumbies have been captured, fitted with GPS tracking collars and used in extensive comparative research into the effect of terrain on the morphology and health of different horses' hooves. They have their paths of movement, diet, watering patterns and mob structure tracked and recorded. Captured brumbies can be trained as stock horses and other saddle horses. Encouraging viewing of feral herds may also have potential as

3266-437: The continent. It is also estimated that, during non- drought periods, the feral horse population increases at a rate of 20 percent per year. Drought conditions and brushfires are natural threats. Despite population numbers, feral horses are generally considered to be a moderate pest. Where they are allowed to damage vegetation and cause erosion, the impact on the environment is significant, and for that reason can be considered

3337-570: The early European settlers. Today they live in many places, including some National Parks, notably Alpine National Park in Victoria , Barrington Tops National Park and Kosciuszko National Park in NSW , and Carnarvon National Park in Queensland . Occasionally they are mustered and tamed for use as campdrafters , working stock horses on farms or stations , but also as trail horses , show horses , Pony Club mounts and pleasure horses. They are

3408-410: The east. In the first two articles brumby is used in metaphors with the connotation of an inferior animal and the two letters from Boobera describe the brumby problem and depict the hardships of the brumby shooter. Altogether in the ten years from the first (1871) appearance, a Trove search of Australian newspapers found just 23 more articles in newspapers and an almanac containing brumby , meaning

3479-399: The effects of the weeds that actually germinate after transfer via dung is debated, the fact that a large number of weed species are dispersed via this method is of concern to those interested in the survival of native plant species in Australia. The effect on plants and plant habitats are more pronounced during droughts, when horses travel greater distances to find food and water. They consume

3550-461: The feral horse population dies each year, mainly from drought, poisonous plants and parasites. Few feral horses reach 20 years of age. The maximum possible rate that feral horse numbers can increase is 20–25% per year. The term brumby refers to a feral horse in Australia. Earlier nineteenth-century terms for wild horses in rural Australia included clear-skins and scrubbers . The earliest known use of brumby in speech (1862, recorded 1896)

3621-416: The future park was Thomas Mitchell , in the 1840s. Settlers followed in the footsteps of the explorers, lured by reports of the region's permanent water. Altercations with local Indigenous groups soon broke out and escalated into a state of mutual aggression that was maintained until the 1870s. The remoteness of the area during early settlement attracted some interesting local characters, some of whom came to

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3692-465: The horses. As a result, more effective and efficient means of control have been called for. Fertility control is a non-lethal method of population management that is usually viewed as the most humane treatment, and its use is supported by the RSPCA. While it appears as though these treatments are effective in the breeding season immediately following injection, the lasting effects are debated. Because it

3763-509: The impact of bushfires has exacerbated the impact of brumbies as native species struggle to adapt to climate change . In some habitats, hooves of free-roaming horses compact the soil, and when the soil is compacted, air spaces are minimised, leaving nowhere for water to collect. When this occurs, soil in areas where horses are prevalent has a water penetration resistance over 15 times higher than that in areas without horses. Trampling also causes soil erosion and damages vegetation, and because

3834-588: The labelling of horses as "feral" and are completely opposed to any measures that threaten their survival. While some animal welfare groups such as the RSPCA reluctantly accept culling , other organisations such as Save the Brumbies oppose lethal culling techniques and attempt to organise relocation of the animals instead. Meanwhile, conservationist groups, such as the Australian Conservation Foundation , favour humane culling as

3905-523: The limits of their distribution, within the Park such as the isolated colony of Angiopteris evecta (King Fern) found in Wards Canyon, Carnarvon Gorge . Artesian springs in the Salvator Rosa section of the park are considered amongst the most biodiverse in the state. Over 210 bird species have been recorded within Carnarvon National Park, along with about 60 species of mammals. This park

3976-570: The localised extinction of the Australian brush-turkey from some areas of this National Park. Carnarvon National Park has grown significantly since its inception, and Carnarvon Gorge is now but one of its seven sections. In expanding the National Park, the Queensland National Parks and Wildlife Service have sought to enhance the reserves catchment value and increase the diversity of regional ecosystems protected within its boundaries. The park's regional conservation importance

4047-434: The need to control rapidly growing populations in order to avoid ecological problems associated with too many feral horses in certain areas. Mustering is a labour-intensive process that results in one of two major outcomes: slaughter for sale, or relocation. It may be assisted by feed-luring in which bales of hay are strategically placed to attract feral horses to a location where capture is feasible. Complicating this process

4118-512: The new local government area of Roma Region was created, as an amalgamation of five previous local government areas: The report recommended that its people elect eight councillors and a mayor and it should not be divided into wards . The Maranoa Region covers an area of 58,705 square kilometres (22,666 sq mi), and had a population in June 2018 of 12,791, and has an operating budget of A$ 44.2m per annum. On 26 July 2009, Roma Region

4189-502: The park's landscapes into a network of sandy plains, valleys, and gorges separated by basalt-capped tablelands and ranges. The park is rich in groundwater , numerous springs . The elevated areas protected within Carnarvon National Park have high value for above-ground catchments as well. Five major river systems rise within the park's boundary: the Comet , Dawson , Maranoa , Nogoa , and Warrego . The Warrego and Maranoa lie inland of

4260-518: The park, including isolated populations of Litoria fallax (eastern Sedgefrog) and Adelotus brevis (Tusked Frog). Over ten species of fish inhabit the park's waterways, the largest of which is Anguilla reinhardtii (long-finned eel). The park's invertebrate fauna is thought to be extremely diverse, and at least nine species are considered to be endemic to the Carnarvon Range , including two species of dragonfly, two species of stonefly,

4331-573: The properties of Forest Vale and North Yanco. Gungabula (also known as Kongabula and Khungabula ) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the headwaters of the Dawson River in Central Queensland . The language region includes areas within the local government area of Maranoa Region, particularly the towns of Charleville , Augathella and Blackall and as well as the Carnarvon Range . On 17 May 1927, 57 allotments of Mount Abundance land, south-west of Roma, were advertised for lease by

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4402-474: The reason for the decline in macropod populations in certain areas. Brumby populations also may have the potential to pass zoonotic and exotic diseases, such as equine influenza and African horse sickness , to domestic horses and other animals, including humans. They also may carry tick fever , which can be passed to both horses and cattle. Disease can lead to high fatalities and financial losses among domestic populations, prompting many farmers to call for

4473-578: The regulated management of feral horses. Like all livestock, brumbies can carry the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum , which can result in serious gastroenteritis in people, from drinking contaminated water. Although poor management of feral horses may pose an ecological and environmental threat in some parts of Australia, their management is made difficult by issues of feasibility and public concern. Currently, management attempts vary, as feral horses are considered pests in some states, such as South Australia , but not others, including Queensland . There

4544-486: The richness of plant species. Exposure of soil caused by trampling and vegetation removal via grazing, combined with increased nutrients being recycled by horse dung, favour weed species, which then invade the region and overtake native species, diminishing their diversity. The dispersal of weeds is aided by the attachment of seeds to the horses' manes and tails, and are also transferred via horse dung after consumption of weeds in one location and excrement in another. Although

4615-508: The soil cannot hold water, plant regrowth is hindered. Horse trampling also has the potential to damage waterways and bog habitats. Trampling near streams increases runoff, reducing the quality of the water and causing harm to the ecosystem of the waterway. Horse excrement carcasses that result when feral horses perish add to the negative environmental impact of feral horses in Australia. Alpine areas, such as those of Kosciuszko National Park , are at particular risk; low-growing alpine flora

4686-565: The strongest horses survived the trip, making for a particularly healthy and strong Australian stock, which aided in their ability to flourish. Horses were likely confined primarily to the Sydney region until the early 19th century, when settlers first crossed the Blue Mountains and opened expansion inland. Horses were required for travel, and for cattle and sheep droving as the pastoral industry grew. The first report of an escaped horse

4757-462: The subject of some controversy – regarded as a pest and threat to native ecosystems by environmentalists and the government, but also valued by others as part of Australia's heritage, with supporters working to prevent inhumane treatment or extermination, and rehoming brumbies who have been captured. There are no known predators of feral horses in Australia, although it is possible that dingoes or wild dogs occasionally take foals. On average, 20% of

4828-601: Was completely removed from the Coffin Bay National Park and relocated to a neighbouring parcel of land by 2004. This was a result of a public outcry to a previously proposed plan by South Australia's Department of Environment and Natural Resources to cull all animals in the park. A NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service cull during 2006 and 2007 in Kosciuszko National Park , where there were an estimated 1700 horses in 2005, resulted in

4899-440: Was inspired to write the poem when he read of a NSW Supreme Court Judge, who on hearing of brumby horses, asked: "Who is Brumby, and where is his Run ?" The popular Silver Brumby books by Elyne Mitchell were written for children and young adults. The stories describe the adventures of Thowra, a brumby stallion. These stories were dramatised and made into a movie of the same name (also known as The Silver Stallion: King of

4970-634: Was renamed Maranoa Region. In the 2016 census , the Maranoa Region had a population of 12,666 people. In the 2021 census , the Maranoa Region had a population of 12,825 people. The Maranoa Region includes the following settlements: Roma area: Bendemere area: Booringa area: Bungil area: Warroo area: Maranoa Regional Council operates public libraries at Injune , Jackson , Mitchell , Mungallala , Roma , Surat , Wallumbilla , and Yuleba . 25°47′33″S 148°35′33″E  /  25.79250°S 148.59250°E  / -25.79250; 148.59250 Brumby A brumby

5041-635: Was the bush name in Queensland for 'wild' horses. In 1885, the Once a Month magazine suggested that brumbies was a New South Wales term, and the poet Banjo Paterson stated in the introduction for his poem Brumby's Run published in the Bulletin in 1894 that brumby is the Aboriginal word for a wild horse. Its derivation is obscure, and may have come about from one or more of the following possibilities: Horses first arrived in Australia in 1788 with

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