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89-415: The largest of Belgium's ten casinos, it is known for its permanent large-scale artworks by Keith Haring , René Magritte , and Paul Delvaux . It is the first of four casinos, in different Belgian towns, designed by Belgian architect Léon Stynen . The architectural style is said to have been influenced by Le Corbusier , along with Art Deco and the designer's Beaux-Arts training. The late-1920s building

178-684: A banner advertisement above a subway entrance in Times Square that showed a female embracing a male's legs, blacking-out the first letter so that it essentially read " hardón " instead of "Chardón," a French clothing brand. He later used other forms of commercial material to spread his work and messages. This included mass-producing buttons and magnets to hand out and working on top of subway ads. In 1980, Haring began organizing exhibitions at Club 57 , which were filmed by his close friend, photographer Tseng Kwong Chi . In February 1981, Haring had his first solo exhibition at Westbeth Painters Space in

267-705: A first day cover of the United Nations stamp and an accompanying limited edition lithograph to commemorate 1985 as International Youth Year. He designed MTV set decorations and painted murals for various art institutions and nightclubs, such as the Palladium in Manhattan. In March 1985, Haring painted the walls of the Grande Halle de la Villette for the Biennale de Paris . In July 1985, he made

356-516: A 480-foot mural in Grant Park along with nearly 500 students. Three other Haring murals materialized in Chicago around the same time: two at Rush University Medical Center , the other at Wells Community Academy High School . The latter was completed days before Haring's arrival in Chicago, as a sort of welcome. According to Zucker, Haring sent the school a design template for the mural, which

445-560: A Time... mural in May 1989. In June 1989, Haring painted his Tuttomondo mural on the rear wall of the convent of the Sant'Antonio Abate church in Pisa . Haring criticized the avoidance of social issues such as AIDS through a piece called Rebel with Many Causes (1989) that revolves around a theme of "hear no evil, see no evil, speak no evil". During the last week of November 1989, Haring painted

534-608: A mural at the ArtCenter College of Design in Pasadena for "A Day Without Art". The mural was commemorated on December 1, the second annual AIDS Awareness Day. He commemorated the mural on December 1, World AIDS Day , and told the Los Angeles Times : "My life is my art, it's intertwined. When AIDS became a reality in terms of my life, it started becoming a subject in my paintings. The more it affected my life

623-515: A painting for the Live Aid concert at J.F.K. Stadium in Philadelphia. Additionally, he painted a car owned by art dealer Max Protetch to be auctioned with proceeds donated to African famine relief. Haring continued to be politically active as well by designing Free South Africa posters in 1985, and creating a poster for the 1986 Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament . In

712-474: A portrait of Haring and his partner Juan Dubose in 1983. Through Warhol, Haring became friends with Grace Jones , Francesco Clemente , and Yoko Ono . He also formed friendships with George Condo , Jean-Charles de Castelbajac , and Claude Picasso . Haring met accessories designer Bobby Breslau in the early 1980s. Haring looked to Breslau for guidance and called him his "Jewish mother." Breslau introduced Haring to his friend Larry Levan , resident DJ at

801-623: A result, Haring's works spread quickly and he became increasingly more recognizable. The cut-up technique in the writings of William S. Burroughs and Brion Gysin inspired Haring's work with lettering and words. In 1980, he created headlines from word juxtaposition and attached hundreds to lamp-posts around Manhattan. These included phrases like "Reagan Slain by Hero Cop" and "Pope Killed for Freed Hostage". That same year, as part of his participating in The Times Square Show with one of his earliest public projects, Haring altered

890-638: A significant role in establishing such links when they visited London in the early-to-mid-1980s and "put up pieces" on or near the western ends of the Metropolitan line , outside London. Almost as significantly, just when subway graffiti was on the decline in New York City, some British teenagers who had spent time with family in Queens and the Bronx returned to London with a "mission" to Americanize

979-490: A substantial local, national, and international influence. Graffiti began appearing around New York City with the words "Bird Lives" but after that, it took about a decade and a half for graffiti to become noticeable in NYC. So, around 1970 or 1971, TAKI 183 and Tracy 168 started to gain notoriety for their frequent vandalism. Using a naming convention in which they would add their street number to their nickname, they "bombed"

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1068-576: A substantially smaller scale than what had existed in New York City, graffiti on LUL rolling stock became seen as enough of a problem by the mid-1980s to provoke the British Transport Police to establish its own graffiti squad modeled directly on and in consultation with that of the MTA. At the same time, graffiti art on LUL trains generated some interest in the media and arts, leading to several art galleries putting on exhibitions of some of

1157-479: A surreal outdoors panorama, depicting "the cave, the thick forest, the naked or dressed girls, the trains and tracks meticulously illustrated in the small station, the lights and electricity poles, the moon, the mailbox". The Kroonluchterzaal (chandelier room) contains a 6-ton chandelier made of Venetian crystal. The chandelier has a diameter of 8.5 metres (28 ft) and is 6.5 metres (21 ft) high. Some 22,000 pieces of glass were used and 2,700 lamps light up

1246-513: A train with their work, letting the subway take it throughout the city. Bubble lettering was popular among perpetrators from the Bronx , but was replaced with a new "wildstyle", a term coined by Tracy 168 and a legendary original Graffiti crew with over 500 members including Blade, Cope 2, T Kid 170, Cap, Juice 177, and Dan Plasma. Graffiti tags started to grow in style and size. Notable names from that time include DONDI , Lady Pink , Zephyr , Julio 204 , Stay High 149 , PHASE 2 . Graffiti

1335-673: A very young age, spending time with his father producing creative drawings. His early influences included Walt Disney cartoons, Dr. Seuss , Charles Schulz , and the Looney Tunes characters in The Bugs Bunny Show . Haring's family attended the United Church of Christ . In his early teenage years, he was involved with the Jesus movement . He later hitchhiked across the country, selling T-shirts he made featuring

1424-471: A yellow background. The colors were a representation of the German flag and symbolized the hope of unity between East and West Germany . Haring began collaborating with Grace Jones , whom he had met through Andy Warhol, for an interview magazine shoot in 1984. Haring painted a skirt for Jones to wear in her music video " I'm Not Perfect (But I'm Perfect for You) " (1986) and he was the assistant director for

1513-593: Is intensified when a painting becomes a performance. The performance (the act of painting) becomes as important as the resulting painting." In December 2007, an area of the American Textile Building in the TriBeCa neighborhood of New York City was discovered to have a Haring painting from 1979. Haring first received public attention with his graffiti art in subways, where he created white chalk drawings on black, unused advertisement backboards in

1602-802: The Tower mural on an 88-foot-high (27 m) exterior stairwell at the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital . While in Belgium for his exhibition at Gallery 121, Haring painted a mural at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Antwerp . That same year, Haring was also invited by artist Roger Nellens to paint a mural at his Casino Knokke . While working there, Haring stayed in Le Dragon , a monster-shaped guest house owned by Nellens which had been designed by artist Niki de Saint Phalle . With

1691-486: The Foundation for AIDS Research . The act was documented in the 1991 film Madonna: Truth or Dare . Haring's work was featured in several of Red Hot Organization 's efforts to raise money for AIDS and AIDS awareness, specifically its first two albums, Red Hot + Blue (1990) and Red Hot + Dance (1992), the latter of which used Haring's work on its cover. His art remains on display worldwide. In 1991, Haring

1780-544: The Grateful Dead and anti- Nixon designs. He graduated from Kutztown Area High School in 1976. He studied commercial art from 1976 to 1978 at Pittsburgh's Ivy School of Professional Art , but eventually lost interest, inspired to focus on his own art after reading The Art Spirit (1923) by Robert Henri . Haring had a maintenance job at the Pittsburgh Arts and Crafts Center and was able to explore

1869-482: The London Underground Limited (LUL) through painting New York City–style graffiti on trains. These small groups of London "train writers" (LUL writers) adopted many of the styles and lifestyles of their New York City forebears, painting graffiti train pieces and in general "bombing" the system, but favoring only a few selected underground lines seen as most suitable for train graffiti. Although on

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1958-655: The Pop Shop as an extension of his work. His later work often conveyed political and societal themes—anti- crack , anti- apartheid , safe sex, homosexuality and AIDS—through his own iconography. Haring died of AIDS-related complications on February 16, 1990. In 2014, he was one of the inaugural honorees in the Rainbow Honor Walk in San Francisco, a walk of fame noting LGBTQ people who have "made significant contributions in their fields". In 2019, he

2047-582: The Run-DMC single " Christmas In Hollis "; proceeds went to the Special Olympics . The image for the A Very Special Christmas compilation album consists of a typical Haring figure holding a baby. Its "Jesus iconography" is considered unusual in modern rock holiday albums. Also in 1987, Haring painted a mural in the Philadelphia neighborhood of Point Breeze titled 'We the Youth' to commemorate

2136-1160: The São Paulo Biennale in Brazil and the Whitney Biennial in New York. In April 1983, Haring was commissioned to paint a mural, Construction Fence , at the construction site of the Haggerty Museum of Art in Milwaukee . Later that year, Haring took part in the exhibition Urban Pulses: the Artist and the City in Pittsburgh by spray painting a room at the Pittsburgh Center for the Arts and creating an outdoor mural at PPG Place . In October 1983, Elio Fiorucci invited Haring to Milan to paint

2225-753: The Tony Shafrazi Gallery with his collaborator graffiti artist Angel "LA II" Ortiz . That year, he was in several group exhibitions including Fast at the Alexander Milliken Gallery in New York. Haring designed the poster for the 1983 Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland. In February 1983, Haring had a solo exhibition at the Fun Gallery in the East Village, Manhattan . That year, Haring participated in

2314-647: The West Village . In November 1981, Hal Bromm Gallery in Tribeca presented the artist's first solo exhibition at a commercial gallery. In January 1982, Haring was the first of twelve artists organized by Public Art Fund to display work on the computer-animated Spectacolor billboard in Times Square. That summer, Haring created his first major outdoor mural on the Houston Bowery Wall on

2403-779: The Whitney Biennial in New York, the São Paulo Biennial , and the Venice Biennale . The Whitney Museum held a retrospective of his art in 1997. Haring's popularity grew from his spontaneous drawings in New York City subways —chalk outlines of figures, dogs, and other stylized images on blank black advertising spaces. After gaining public recognition, he created colorful larger scale murals, many commissioned. He produced more than 50 public artworks between 1982 and 1989, many of them created voluntarily for hospitals, day care centers and schools. In 1986, he opened

2492-684: The centennial anniversary of the Statue of Liberty 's arrival in the United States. Later that month, he created his Crack Is Wack mural in East Harlem, visible from New York's FDR Drive . It was originally considered as vandalism by the New York Police Department and Haring was arrested. But after local media outlets picked up the story, Haring was released on a lesser charge. While in jail, Haring's original work

2581-443: The Bronx , a graffiti crime wave was born. Fab 5 Freddy (Friendly Freddie, Fred Brathwaite) was one of the most notorious graffiti figures of that era. He notes how differences in spray technique and letters between Upper Manhattan and Brooklyn began to merge in the late 1970s: "out of that came 'Wild Style'." Fab 5 Freddy is often credited with helping to spread the influence of graffiti and rap music beyond its early foundations in

2670-525: The Bronx, and making links in the mostly white downtown art and music scenes. It was around this time that the established art world started becoming receptive to the graffiti culture for the first time since Hugo Martinez's Razor Gallery in the early 1970s. In 1979, Fab 5 Freddy and his graffiti partner, Lee Quiñones , showed their work in the Galleria La Medusa, in Rome, thereby putting graffiti on

2759-661: The East Village. They became friends and he documented much of Haring's career. In 1980, Haring met and began collaborating with graffiti artist Angel "LA II" Ortiz . Haring recounted: "We just immediately hit it off. It's as if we'd known each other all our lives. He's like my little brother." Ortiz's artistry formed an important part of Haring's work that had gone unacknowledged by the art establishment. Following Haring's death, Ortiz stopped receiving credit and payment for his part in Haring's work. According to Montez, author of

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2848-751: The February 1984 issue of Vanity Fair , and he was featured in the October 1984 issue of Newsweek . In 1984, the New York City Department of Sanitation asked Haring to design a logo for their anti-litter campaign. Haring participated in the Venice Biennale . He was invited to create temporary murals at the National Gallery of Victoria and the Art Gallery of New South Wales . During his visit to Australia, he painted

2937-593: The Keith Haring Foundation to provide funding and imagery to AIDS organizations and children's programs. The foundation's stated goal is to keep his wishes and expand his legacy by providing grants and funding to non-profit organizations that educate disadvantaged youths and inform the public about HIV and AIDS. It also shares his work and contains information about his life. The foundation also supports arts and educational institutions by funding exhibitions, educational programs, and publications. In 2010,

3026-784: The Lower East Side. In his paintings, he often used lines to show energy and movement. Haring would often work quickly, trying to create as much work as possible—sometimes completing as many as 40 paintings in a day. One of his works, Untitled (1982), depicts two figures with a radiant heart-love motif, which critics have interpreted as a bold nod to homosexual love and a significant cultural statement. In 1982, Haring participated in documenta 7 in Kassel , where his works were exhibited alongside Joseph Beuys , Anselm Kiefer , Gerhard Richter , Cy Twombly , Jean-Michel Basquiat and Andy Warhol . In October 1982, he had an exhibition at

3115-589: The Paradise Garage. Breslau inspired Haring to work with leather hides and he was the manager of the Pop Shop until his death in 1987. Art dealer Yves Arman was Haring's close friend, and Haring was the godfather of his daughter. Haring said Arman was "probably the best supporter I had in the art world." In 1989, Arman was killed in a car accident on his way to see Haring in Spain. In 1988, Gil Vazquez

3204-528: The School of Visual Arts, he became friends with classmates Kenny Scharf (his one time roommate), Samantha McEwen, and John Sex . Eventually, he befriended Jean-Michel Basquiat , who would write his SAMO graffiti around the campus. When Basquiat died in 1988, Haring wrote his obituary for Vogue magazine, and he paid homage to him with the painting A Pile of Crowns for Jean-Michel Basquiat (1988). In 1979, Haring met photographer Tseng Kwong Chi in

3293-604: The West Village. In September 1987, he painted a temporary mural, Detroit Notes , at the Cranbrook Art Museum in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan . The work reveals a darker phase in Haring's style, which Cranbrook Art Museum Director Andrew Blauvelt speculates foreshadowed the confirmation of his AIDS diagnosis. Haring designed the cover for the 1987 benefit album A Very Special Christmas and

3382-443: The annual shows included Balthus , Joan Miró , Raoul Dufy , Paul Delvaux , Jean Tinguely , and Nikki de Saint Phalle . The popularity of the casino grew with musical performances featuring artists such as Ray Ventura , Josephine Baker , Édith Piaf , Frank Sinatra , Nat King Cole , and Jacques Brel . In the 1960s, the casino began opening year-round, as visitor traffic increased. In 1971, Jacques and Roger Nellens took over

3471-698: The anti-graffiti legislation, effectively prohibiting the New York Police Department from enforcing the higher minimum age. A similar measure was proposed in New Castle County, Delaware in April 2006 and passed into law as a county ordinance in May 2006. At the same time, graffiti has begun to enter mainstream. Much controversy arose on whether graffiti should be considered an actual form of art. In 1974, Norman Mailer published an essay, The Faith of Graffiti , that explores

3560-437: The arrival of Pop Shop, his work had begun reflecting more socio-political themes, such as anti - Apartheid , AIDS awareness, and the crack cocaine epidemic . From 1982 to 1989, Haring was featured in more than 100 solo and group exhibitions and produced more than 50 public artworks in dozens of charities, hospitals, day care centers, and orphanages. Haring was openly gay and used his work to advocate for safe sex . He

3649-442: The art of Jean Dubuffet , Jackson Pollock , and Mark Tobey . He was highly influenced around this time by a 1977 retrospective of Pierre Alechinsky 's work and by a lecture that the sculptor Christo gave in 1978. From Alechinsky's work, he felt encouraged to create large images that featured writing and characters. From Christo, Haring was introduced to ways of incorporating the public into his art. His first significant exhibition

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3738-591: The art work (on canvass) of a few LUL writers as well as TV documentaries on London hip-hop culture like the BBC's Bad Meaning Good , which included a section featuring interviews with LUL writers and a few examples of their pieces. The Clean Train Movement , wherein the rolling stock was either cleaned or outright replaced, started in 1985, with the last graffiti-covered train out of service by 1989. With subway trains being increasingly inaccessible, other property became

3827-408: The art-world map. The growth of graffiti in New York City was enabled by its subway system , whose accessibility and interconnectedness emboldened the movement, who now often operated through coordinated efforts. It was further left unchecked due to the budgetary restraints on New York City, which limited its ability to remove graffiti and perform transit maintenance. Mayor John Lindsay declared

3916-429: The barriers between high and low art." The Pop Shop remained open after Haring's death until 2005, with profits benefiting the Keith Haring Foundation. The Pop Shop was not Haring's only effort to make his work widely accessible. Throughout his career, Haring made art in subways and on billboards. His attempts to make his work relatable can also be seen in his figures' lack of discernable ages, races, or identities. By

4005-550: The bicentennial of the United States Constitution . Originally intended as a placeholder, a new rowhouse was never built and the lot became a park. The mural underwent a major restoration in 2013 and is Haring's longest standing public mural at its original location. In 1988, Haring joined a select group of artists whose work has appeared on the label of Chateau Mouton Rothschild wine. In January 1988, he traveled to Japan to open Pop Shop Tokyo; it closed in

4094-508: The book Keith Haring's Line: Race and the Performance of Desire , the Keith Haring Foundation and the art world have since made strides to rectify Ortiz's erasure. By the early 1980s, Haring had established friendships with fellow emerging artists Fab 5 Freddy and Futura 2000 , and singer Madonna . In 1982, Haring befriended Andy Warhol, who became his mentor and later the theme of his 1986 Andy Mouse series. Warhol also created

4183-727: The casino are finals of the Miss Belgium contest, competitions to select the Belgian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest , and the premiere of Hugo Claus ' dramatic sketch Masscheroen . In July 1963, Jacques Brel headlined at casino for the fifth Coupe d'Europe de Tour de Chant . During this engagement, he performed the classic "Mathilde" for the first time. [REDACTED] Media related to Casino Knokke at Wikimedia Commons Keith Haring Keith Allen Haring (May 4, 1958 – February 16, 1990)

4272-407: The consent of both the designer and the owner, Haring painted a fresco mural along an interior balcony and stairway. Haring designed a carousel for André Heller 's Luna Luna , an ephemeral amusement park in Hamburg from June to August 1987 with rides designed by renowned contemporary artists. In August 1987, Haring painted a large mural at the Carmine Street Recreation Center's outdoor pool in

4361-447: The first war on graffiti in 1972, but it would be a while before the city was able and willing to dedicate enough resources to that problem to start impacting the growing subculture. The Abraham Beame Administration established a police squad of about 10 police officers to work in anti graffiti capacity. The squad attended informal meetings and socialized with minor suspects to gather information to help them apprehend leaders. Although

4450-410: The foundation partnered with the AIDS Service Center NYC to open the Keith Haring ASC Harlem Center to provide HIV peer education and access to care services in Harlem. As a celebration of his life, Madonna declared that the final American date of her 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour would be a benefit concert for Haring's memory. The more than $ 300,000 the show made from ticket sales was donated to

4539-420: The graffiti artists of this time was in the form of subway cars destined for the scrap yard . With the increased security, the culture had taken a step back. The previous elaborate "burners" on the outside of cars were now marred with simplistic marker tags which often soaked through the paint. By mid-1986, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) and the NYCTA were winning their "war on graffiti", with

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4628-442: The last graffitied train removed from service in 1989. As the population of artists lowered so did the violence associated with graffiti crews and "bombing". However, teenagers from inner London and other European cities with family and other links to New York City had by this time taken up some of the traditions of subway Graffiti and exported them home, although New York City writers like Brim, Bio, and Futura had themselves played

4717-445: The main hall. It was planed by architect J. Selis, designer Al David and created by the Murano glass factory "Fratelli Ferro". Former members of the Casino's orchestra include, in the 1930s, composer and violist , Jef Maes . In 1929, Jozef Nellens began construction for the casino, which was soon officially opened on 5 July 1930. Nellens managed the business until his death in 1934, when his son Gustave Nellens took over. The casino

4806-416: The management of the casino following the death of their father. The entertainment program was expanded with ballets, operas, concerts, poetry recitals, and film festivals; some events were televised. In 1987, further renovations were made to the building which resulted in the casino's current appearance. In 1990, the casino was recognized as part of the Flemish architectural heritage. Among the events held at

4895-401: The minimum age for possession of spray paint or permanent markers from 18 to 21. The law prompted outrage by fashion and media mogul Marc Ecko who sued Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Councilmember Vallone on behalf of art students and "legitimate" graffiti artists. On May 1, 2006, Judge George B. Daniels granted the plaintiffs' request for a preliminary injunction against the recent amendments to

4984-525: The more it affected my work." From Pasadena, Haring flew to Atlanta for the opening of his dual show with photographer Herb Ritts at the Fay Gold Gallery on December 2. In 1990, Haring painted a BMW Z1 at the Hans Mayer Gallery in Düsseldorf. He traveled to Paris for what would be his last exhibition, Keith Haring 1983 , at Galerie 1900-2000/La Galerie de Poche in January 1990. On February 16, 1990, Haring died of AIDS -related complications at his LaGuardia Place apartment in Greenwich Village . He

5073-412: The most prevalent form of writing. But the streets became more dangerous due to the burgeoning crack epidemic , legislation was underway to make penalties for graffiti artists more severe, and restrictions on paint sale and display made obtaining materials difficult. Many graffiti artists, however, chose to see the new problems as a challenge rather than a reason to quit. A downside to these challenges

5162-402: The permanent Keith Haring Mural at Collingwood Technical College in Melbourne. That year, Haring also painted murals at the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis and in Rio de Janeiro. Later that year, he designed the stage set for the production of Bill T. Jones and Arnie Zane 's Secret Pastures at the Brooklyn Academy of Music . Haring was commissioned by the United Nations to create

5251-410: The popularization of broken windows theory . By the 1980s, increased police surveillance and implementation of increased security measures (razor wire, guard dogs) combined with continuous efforts to clean it up led to the weakening of New York's graffiti subculture. As a result of subways being harder to paint, more writers went into the streets, which is now, along with commuter trains and box cars,

5340-399: The poster for the 1986 Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland. The poster was also used for the 1986 Montreux-Detroit Jazz Festival in Detroit . In April 1986, Pop Shop opened in Soho, selling shirts, posters, and other items showing Haring's work. This made Haring's work readily accessible to purchase at reasonable prices. Having achieved what he wanted, which was "getting the work out to

5429-405: The public at large," Haring completely stopped drawing in the subways. He also stopped because people were taking the subway drawings and selling them. Some criticized Haring for commercializing his work. Asked about this, Haring said, "I could earn more money if I just painted a few things and jacked up the price. My shop is an extension of what I was doing in the subway stations, breaking down

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5518-505: The question of graffiti as art and includes interviews from early subway train graffitists, and then New York City mayor, John Lindsey. Since the 1980s, museums and art galleries started treating graffiti seriously. Many graffiti artists had taken to displaying their works in galleries and owning their own studios. This practice started in the early 1980s with artists such as Jean-Michel Basquiat , who started out tagging locations with his signature SAMO ("Same Old Shit"), and Keith Haring , who

5607-420: The sale of aerosol spray-paint cans to children under 18. The law also requires that merchants who sell spray paint must either lock it in a case or display the cans behind a counter, out of reach of potential shoplifters. Violations of the city's anti-graffiti law carry fines of US$ 350 per incident. On January 1, 2006, in New York City, legislation created by Councilmember Peter Vallone, Jr. attempted to raise

5696-426: The spring of 1986, Haring had a solo museum exhibition at the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam, and he painted a mural. In 1986, Haring also created public murals in the lobby and ambulatory care department of Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center on Flushing Avenue in Brooklyn. In June 1986, Haring created a 90-foot banner, CityKids Speak on Liberty , in conjunction with The CityKids Foundation to commemorate

5785-422: The squad gathered information on thousands of graffiti vandals, inadequate manpower prevented them from following through with arrests. Graffiti vandal arrests in New York City were reported at around 4,500 between 1972 and 1974, 998 in 1976, 578 in 1977, 272 in 1978, 205 in 1979. As graffiti became associated with crime, many demanded that the government take a more serious stance towards it, particularly after

5874-494: The stations. He considered the subways to be his "laboratory," a place where he could experiment and create his artwork and saw the black advertisement paper as a free space and "the perfect place to draw". The Radiant Baby, a crawling infant with emitting rays of light, became his most recognized symbol. He used it as his tag to sign his work while a subway artist. Symbols and images (such as barking dogs, flying saucers, and large hearts) became common in his work and iconography. As

5963-430: The streets of America to an unexpecting and unappreciative public. City officials elsewhere in the country smugly assumed that gang graffiti were a blight limited largely to the Big Apple [New York City]. The stylized smears born in the South Bronx have spread across the country, covering buildings, bridges and highways in every urban center. From Philadelphia to Santa Barbara, Calif., the annual costs of cleaning up after

6052-402: The subways, contrasting the rocketing prices for his work. Haring enjoyed giving his work away for free, often handing out free buttons and posters of his work. In 1984, he released a book titled Art in Transit , which featured photography by Tseng Kwong Chi and an introduction by Henry Geldzahler . Haring's swift rise to international celebrity status was covered by the media. His art covered

6141-412: The summer of 1988. In April 1988, Haring created a mural on the South Lawn for the annual White House Easter Egg Roll , which he donated to Children's National Hospital in Washington, D.C. Late in the summer, Haring traveled to Düsseldorf for a show of his paintings and sculptures at the Hans Mayer Gallery. In December 1988, Haring's exhibition opened at the Tony Shafrazi Gallery, which he stated

6230-457: The targets of graffiti. Rooftops became the new billboards for some 1980s-era writers. The current era in graffiti is characterized by a majority of graffiti artists moving from subway or train cars to "street galleries". Prior to the Clean Train Movement, the streets were largely left untouched not only in New York City, but in other major American cities as well. After the transit company began diligently cleaning their trains, graffiti burst onto

6319-421: The underground artists are soaring into the billions. Meanwhile, in New York in 1995, Mayor Rudolph Giuliani set up the Anti-Graffiti Task Force, a multi-agency initiative to combat graffiti in New York City. This began a crackdown on "quality-of-life crimes" throughout the city, and one of the largest anti-graffiti campaigns in U.S. history. That same year Title 10-117 of the New York Administrative Code banned

6408-702: The video. He also body painted Jones for live performances at the Paradise Garage , and for her role of Katrina the Queen of The Vampires in the 1986 film Vamp . Haring collaborated with David Spada , a jewelry designer, to design the sculptural adornments for Jones. Haring also illustrated vinyl covers for various artists such as David Bowie 's " Without You " (1983), N.Y.C. Peech Boys ' Life Is Something Special (1983), Malcolm McLaren 's "Duck For The Oyster" (1983), and Sylvester 's " Someone Like You " (1986). Haring collaborated with Warhol to design

6497-567: The walls of his Fiorucci store. While Haring was in London for the opening of his exhibition at the Robert Fraser Gallery in October 1983, he met and began collaborating with choreographer Bill T. Jones . Haring used Jones' body as the canvas to paint from head to toe. Haring and Angel "LA II" Ortiz produced a T-shirt design for friends Willi Smith and Laurie Mallet's clothing label WilliWear Productions in 1984. After Haring

6586-428: Was also able to take his art into studio spaces. In some cases, graffiti artists had achieved such elaborate graffiti (especially those done in memory of a deceased person) on storefront gates that shopkeepers have hesitated to cover them up. In the Bronx after the death of rapper Big Pun , several murals dedicated to his life done by Bio, Nicer TATS CRU appeared virtually overnight; similar outpourings occurred after

6675-520: Was an American artist whose pop art emerged from the New York City graffiti subculture of the 1980s. His animated imagery has "become a widely recognized visual language". Much of his work includes sexual allusions that turned into social activism by using the images to advocate for safe sex and AIDS awareness. In addition to solo gallery exhibitions, he participated in renowned national and international group shows such as documenta in Kassel,

6764-551: Was commemorated on the AIDS Memorial Quilt with his famous baby icon on a fabric panel. The baby was embroidered by Haring's aunt, Jeannette Ebling, and Haring's mother, Joan Haring, did much of the sewing. Tim Finn wrote the song "Hit The Ground Running", on his album Before & After (1993), in memory of Haring. Graffiti in New York City Graffiti in New York City has had

6853-493: Was cremated and his ashes were scattered in a field near Bowers, Pennsylvania , just south of his hometown of Kutztown. Three months after his death, Haring posthumously appeared in Rosa von Praunheim 's documentary film Silence = Death (1990) about gay artists in New York City fighting for the rights of people with AIDS. It was released on May 4, which would have been his 32nd birthday. Soon after moving to New York to study at

6942-611: Was diagnosed with HIV in 1987 and AIDS in the autumn of 1988. He used his imagery during the last years of his life to speak about his illness and to generate activism and awareness about AIDS. In 1987, Haring had exhibitions in Helsinki, Paris, and elsewhere. During his stay in Paris for the 10th anniversary exhibition of American artists at the Centre Georges Pompidou , Haring and his partner Juan Rivera painted

7031-564: Was executed by a fellow teacher, Tony Abboreno, an abstract artist , and Wells High School art students, but Haring gave it his final approval and signed it himself. For The Center Show , an exhibition celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Stonewall Riots , Haring was invited by the Lesbian and Gay Community Services Center in New York to create a site-specific work. He chose the second-floor men's bathroom to paint his Once Upon

7120-492: Was growing competitive and artists desired to see their names across the city. Around 1974 suspects like Tracy 168, CLIFF 159 and BLADE ONE started to create works with more than just their names: they added illustrations, full of scenery and cartoon characters, to their tags, laying the groundwork for the mural -car. The standards from the early 1970s continue to evolve, and the late 1970s and early 1980s saw new styles and ideas. As graffiti spread beyond Washington Heights and

7209-631: Was his most important show to date. He felt he had something to prove because of his health condition and the deaths of his friends Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat. In February 1989, Haring painted the Todos Juntos Podemos Parar el SIDA mural in the Barrio Chino neighborhood of Barcelona to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic. In May 1989, at the invitation of a teacher named Irving Zucker, Haring visited Chicago to paint

7298-723: Was in Pittsburgh Arts and Crafts Center in 1978. Haring moved to the Lower East Side of New York in 1978 to study painting at the School of Visual Arts . He also worked as a busboy during this time at the nightclub Danceteria . While attending school he studied semiotics with Bill Beckley and experimented with video and performance art. Haring was also highly influenced in his art by author William Burroughs . In 1978, Haring wrote in his journal: "I am becoming much more aware of movement. The importance of movement

7387-454: Was invited by a friend to visit Haring's Broadway studio. Haring and Vazquez became close friends and spent a great deal of time together. Before his death, Haring set up a foundation bearing his name. He appointed his assistant and studio manager Julia Gruen to be the executive director; she began working for him in 1984. Vazquez is the board president of the foundation, which is based at Haring's Broadway studio. In 1989, Haring established

7476-738: Was one of the inaugural 50 American "pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes" inducted on the National LGBTQ Wall of Honor within the Stonewall National Monument in New York City's Stonewall Inn . Haring was born in Reading, Pennsylvania , on May 4, 1958. He was raised in Kutztown, Pennsylvania , by his mother, Joan Haring, and father, Allen Haring, an engineer and amateur cartoonist. He had three younger sisters, Kay, Karen and Kristen. He became interested in art at

7565-465: Was only open four months out of each year, during the summer season. During World War II, the casino was partially occupied by German troops and heavily damaged by air raids. The building was restored by the original architect Léon Stynen, and was reopened in 1947. Beginning in 1949, major exhibitions were organized every summer, displaying works by artists such as Pablo Picasso , Max Ernst , Salvador Dalí , and René Magritte. Other artists exhibited in

7654-529: Was profiled in Paper magazine, fashion designer Vivienne Westwood reached out to editor-in-chief Kim Hastreiter to facilitate a meeting with Haring. Haring presented Westwood with two large sheets of drawings and she turned them into textiles for her Autumn/Winter 1983–84 Witches collection. Haring's friend Madonna wore a skirt from the collection, most notably in the music video her 1984 single " Borderline ." As Haring rose to stardom he continued to draw in

7743-600: Was severely damaged during the Second World War. A subsequent renovation allowed surrealist master Magritte to create a giant 360° mural, finished in 1953, comprising eight panels called The Enchanted Domain . Delvaux's Le Voyage Légendaire (1974), measuring 4.4 by 13 metres (14 ft × 43 ft), was originally installed at the Casino de Chaudfontaine, and later moved to the Knokke Casino. It shows

7832-489: Was that the artists became very territorial of good writing spots, and strength and unity in numbers ( gangs ) became increasingly important. This was stated to be the end for the casual subway graffiti artists. In 1984, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) began a five-year program to eradicate graffiti. The years between 1985 and 1989 became known as the "diehard" era. A last shot for

7921-577: Was vandalized. This mural is an example of Haring's use of consciousness raising rather than consumerism, "Crack is Wack" rather than " Coke is it ." He painted an updated version of the mural on the same wall in October 1986. On October 23, 1986, Haring created a mural on the Berlin Wall for the Checkpoint Charlie Museum . The mural was 300 meters (980 ft) long and depicted red and black interlocking human figures against

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