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48-627: Cetinje ( Montenegrin Cyrillic : Цетиње , pronounced [t͡sětiɲe] ) is a town in Montenegro . It is the former royal capital ( prijestonica / приjестоница) of Montenegro and is the location of several national institutions, including the official residence of the president of Montenegro . According to the 2023 census, the town had a population of 12,460 while the Cetinje Municipality had 14,465 residents. Cetinje

96-654: A completely new utilities system, construction of a new main road at the entrance to the town, the largest fine arts university complex in the region etc. During the past period, Cetinje became first Montenegrin city which is covered by the free wi-fi signal. To promote Cetinje as not only cultural and artist capital of Montenegro but the whole region too, during 2012 and 2013 the city government organized events in which participated globally famous artists such as Pierce Brosnan , Marina Abramović , Gerard Depardieu , Nicholas Lyndhurst and Rem Koolhaas , who were guests of Cetinje during that period. The most significant project for

144-531: A harsh crisis. By building certain industrial sections and at the same time neglecting the development of the city's traditional and potential cultural and tourist capacities, the chance to create a strong basis for more solid prosperity was lost. When Communist forces captured Cetinje in November 1944 the only population that stayed in the town were people who believed they have no reason to fear or hide from anybody. Still, as soon as Communists captured Cetinje, in

192-695: A higher promotion of Cetinje in cultural, touristic and other parts. Some of that projects were the reconstruction of Cetinje Historical Core (Main Street – Njegoševa, Main Town Square, Students' Square), Beautiful Cetinje (first energy-efficiency project in Montenegro), reconstruction of the City Market, valorisation of Lipa Cave , renovation of the first hospital building in Montenegro, building

240-421: A lot of attention to urban and architectural heritage, on its construction and development influenced stormy historical, social and economic events in the country. Cetinje, as a settlement has existed for 500 years, which is not much compared to the development of the coastal agglomeration of the ancient period in the immediate surrounding. However, these five centuries – the whole history of a people, who, through

288-1025: A small inhabited village, by which the later newly created town got name Cetinje. In the historical documents, Cetinje is mentioned for the first time in 1440. [REDACTED] Principality of Zeta , 1482–1496 [REDACTED] Ottoman Empire , 1496–1516 [REDACTED] Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro , 1516–1852 [REDACTED] Principality of Montenegro , 1852–1910 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Montenegro , 1910–1916 [REDACTED] Austria-Hungary 1916–1918 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Yugoslavia , 1918–1941 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Italy , ( Italian governorate of Montenegro ) 1941–1943 [REDACTED] German Reich , ( German-occupied territory of Montenegro ) 1943–1944 [REDACTED] Democratic Federal Yugoslavia 1944–1946 [REDACTED] Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Socialist Republic of Montenegro ) 1946–1992 [REDACTED] Serbia and Montenegro ( Republic of Montenegro ) 1992–2006 [REDACTED]   Montenegro , 2006–present Cetinje

336-767: A supplementary base consonant Đ : they are needed to note additional phonetic distinctions (notably to preserve the distinctions that are present in the Cyrillic script with which the Montenegrin language has also long been written, when it was still unified in the former Yugoslavia within the written Serbo-Croatian language). The alphabet also includes some digraphs built from the previous characters (that are considered as single letters for collation purpose): Dž , Nj , and Lj . The Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet ( Montenegrin : црногорска ћирилица / crnogorska ćirilica or црногорска азбука / crnogorska azbuka )

384-466: A town of fewer than 6,000 inhabitants, Cetinje supported six different daily newspapers. The oldest libraries of Montenegro, where the oldest books and documentation of great value are preserved, are located at Cetinje. This makes Cetinje internationally recognized as well. The oldest library among these is the Library of Cetinje Monastery, which was founded by the end of the 15th century at the time when

432-618: Is also much more widely used in all aspects of the day-to-day written communication in the country, in education, advertising and media. Efforts to create a Latin character-based Montenegrin alphabet go back to at least World War I , when a newspaper was published in Cetinje using both Latin and Cyrillic characters. The Montenegrin Latin alphabet ( Montenegrin : crnogorska latinica / црногорска латиница, crnogorska abeceda / црногорска абецеда or crnogorski alfabet / црногорски алфабет)

480-694: Is known as Cetinje (archaically Цетинѣ / Cetině ); in Italian as Cettigne ; in Greek as Κετίγνη ( Ketígni ); in Turkish as Çetine ; and in Albanian as Cetina . According to the written data, by the end of the 17th century, down the plain flowed the River Cetina, so that part of the town was called by that river Cetinjsko polje (The field of Cetinje). In Cetinjsko polje, at that time there used to be

528-547: Is situated in the karst field (Cetinje field) of about 7 km (2.7 sq mi), with average height above sea level of 671 m (2,201 ft). It is 12 km (7.5 mi) of airline far from Adriatic Sea and 15 km (9.3 mi) from Skadar Lake. Now, it is on the main road Podgorica-Cetinje-Budva, which makes it open to the interior of Montenegro and the Montenegrin coast. Cetinje has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfb ), with relatively dry and warm summers, and mild and wet winters. Cetinje

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576-649: Is the Parliament of Old Royal Capital Cetinje. Local parliament is made up of 33 deputies, or odbornici (councillors) in Montenegrin. It is elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the Predsjednik Skupštine (President of Parliament). There are two city settlements in the Old Royal Capital – Cetinje and Rijeka Crnojevića . Old Royal Capital Cetinje is divided into 23 local community bodies ( mjesne zajednice ) in which

624-457: Is the centre of Cetinje Municipality. The city rests on a small karst plain surrounded by limestone mountains, including Mount Lovćen , the legendary mountain in Montenegrin historiography. Cetinje was founded in the 15th century and became a cradle of the culture of Montenegro . Its status as the honorary capital of Montenegro is due to its heritage as a long-serving former capital of Montenegro. In Montenegrin, Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian, it

672-579: Is the official Cyrillic script of the Montenegrin language . It is used in parallel with the Latin script. Its first version was developed by Vojislav Nikčević in the 1970s who was a dissident of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and considered Montenegrin speech to be unique and deserving of consideration as a separate language from Serbo-Croatian. The modern version was brought into official use in early 2009 by

720-584: Is used for writing the Montenegrin language in Latin script . It uses most letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet , with the exception of Q , W , X and Y , only used for writing common words or proper names directly borrowed from foreign languages. Montenegrin Latin is based on Gaj's Latin alphabet , with the addition of the two letters Ś and Ź, to replace the pairs SJ and ZJ (so anachronistically considered as digraphs). С́ and З́, and could also be represented in

768-547: Is well known for its plentiful precipitations, and is one of the rainiest towns in Europe with around 3,300 mm (130 in) of precipitation annually. Although abundant in precipitation, the Cetinje field and its surroundings do not have water flows on the surface and water sources are scarce. This is a consequence of the karst configuration and its geologic structure. According to the Montenegro statistical office, in 2023 in

816-466: The Bay of Kotor . As of Spring 2018, this was being upgraded. Previously there was a railway line from Cetinje to Bar along the banks of Lake Skadar , which transported both passengers and cargo. There are no remains of this railway line. Tivat Airport is 50 km (31 mi) away, and there are regular flights to Belgrade and Zürich , and dozens of charter planes land daily at Tivat airport during

864-538: The Montenegrin–Ottoman War of 1861–62 . Ottoman rule over Montenegro did not last much more than a decade however, as 14 years later the "Great War" , the third successive contest between the two nations, ended in Montenegrin victory, with most previously-Montenegrin territory returning to their control. Montenegrin independence was recognized at the Congress of Berlin of 1878 and consequently Cetinje became

912-765: The Black Mountain ) was a province ( sanjak ) of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Peninsula roughly corresponding to modern Montenegro . It was created in 1514 from the borders of the former Zeta, ruled by the Crnojevići , which had earlier been organized into the Sanjak of Scutari in 1499. The greater part of the Zetan principality lost its status as an independent state, becoming a vassal state of

960-824: The Ministry of Education under Sreten Škuletić . It was called the First Montenegrin Orthography, included a new Orthographic Dictionary, and replaced the Serbian Cyrillic script which was official until then. The act is a component part of the process of standardisation of the Montenegrin language, starting in mid-2008 after the adoption of Montenegrin as the official language of Montenegro. Sanjak of Montenegro The Sanjak of Montenegro ( Montenegrin and Serbian Cyrillic : Санџак Црне Горе , romanized :  Sandžak Crne Gore ; Turkish : Karadağ Sancağı , literally Sanjak of

1008-842: The Old Royal Capital Cetinje: The Secretariat for Local Government , The Secretariat of Finance and Enterprise Development, The Secretariat of Spatial Planning and Environment Protection , The Secretariat for Utilities and Transport , The Secretariat for Culture and Sport and The Secretariat for Social Affairs and Youth . Other administrative bodies are Management of public revenue, Directorate for Property , Directorate of Investment and Development and Center for Information System . Operational bodies are Mayor's Service, Service of Chief Administrator, The City Manager 's Service, Public relations Bureau, Common Affairs Service, Protection service and Communal Police. Skupština Prijestonice Cetinje

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1056-599: The Ottoman Empire, until it was added to the Ottoman administrative unit of Sanjak of Scutari in 1499. In 1514 this territory was separated from the Sanjak of Scutari and established as a separate Sanjak of Montenegro, under the rule of Skenderbeg Crnojević . In 1523, the resm-i filori of Montenegro (Karadağ), which had the status of hass , was made up of 33 akçe in poll-tax, a 20 akçe İspençe and 2 akçe for

1104-543: The Printing House of Crnojevići started operating. Today, seventy-five old manuscripts written in Cyrillic, then four incunabula , and many old liturgical books are kept there. Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet Although the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets enjoy equal status under the Constitution of Montenegro , the government and proponents of the Montenegrin language prefer to use the Latin script ; it

1152-550: The Zetski Dom Montenegrin Royal National Theatre. All these institutions keep, process, and provide public access to enormous literary treasure, and protect both mobile and immobile cultural monuments throughout Montenegro. The oldest – and for a long time the most important – cultural institution in the town is the monastery of Cetinje . The onset and development of Cetinje, as a relatively young city, with its old historical core draws

1200-477: The capital of a European country. Between 1878 and 1914 Cetinje flourished in every sense. Many renowned intellectuals from other South-Slavic parts came to stay there and made a contribution to the cultural, educational and every other aspect of life. Montenegro was proclaimed a kingdom in 1910. This had a great effect on Cetinje's development. At this time the Government House, the symbol of state power,

1248-1171: The citizens participate in decisions on matters of relevance to the local community. The prijestonica of Cetinje is divided into two urban settlements: Cetinje and Rijeka Crnojevića , and 92 rural settlements: Bajice, Barjamovica, Bijele Poljane, Bjeloši, Bobija, Boguti, Bokovo, Češljari, Čevo , Dide, Dobrska Župa, Dobrsko Selo, Dodoši, Donja Zaljut, Donje Selo, Dragomi Do, Drušići, Dubovik, Dubovo, Dugi Do, Dujeva, Đalci, Đinovići, Erakovići, Gađi, Gornja Zaljut, Gornji Ceklin, Grab, Gradina, Građani, Izvori, Jankovići, Jezer, Kobilji Do, Kopito, Kosijeri, Kranji Do, Kućišta, Lastva, Lipa, Lješev Stub, Majstori, Malošin Do, Markovina, Meterizi, Mikulići, Milijevići, Mužovići, Njeguši , Obzovica, Očinići, Oćevići, Ožegovice, Pačarađe, Pejovići, Petrov Do, Poda, Podbukovica, Prediš, Prekornica, Prentin Do, Prevlaka, Proseni Do, Radomir, Raičevići, Resna, Riječani, Rokoči, Rvaši, Ržani Do, Smokovci, Šinđon, Štitari, Tomići, Trešnjevo, Trnjine, Uba, Ubli, Ublice, Ugnji, Ulići, Velestovo , Vignjevići, Vojkovići, Vrba, Vrela, Vuči Do, Zabrđe, Začir, Zagora, Žabljak Crnojevića and Žanjev Do. Cetinje

1296-553: The culture of other Orthodox Balkan peoples. Its greatest contribution refers to spreading Cyrillic type. Thus, it represents an important link in a chain of world culture. There were a number of printing houses that continued this great printing tradition. These are: Njegoš Printing House, which operated between 1833 and 1839 and the State Printing House which was founded in 1858. It was renamed in 1952. Since then it has been known as Obod . Since their foundation to

1344-553: The development of Cetinje, since the 1870s until the First World War, which was then the smallest European old capital, was created and developed city on the principles the European metropolises of that time in whose architectural activity of the city was engaged many foreign architects, engineers, builders and craftsmen. The development of Cetinje in this period was followed by many important historical and social events. So

1392-486: The development of city recorded moments of their origin, ascent, stagnation and downs. For Cetinje as urban agglomeration, can be said to have formed suddenly, which makes it very specific. In fact, since the 1870s, for almost fifty years, there was, in the urban context, designed and typological characteristic areas formed with urban type residential home ground floor and storey house with developed attic, created and developed in closed urban blocks, where line of life in them

1440-465: The future is a cable-car from Kotor to Cetinje, and tender was launched in August 2016. Cetinje is connected to Podgorica and Budva through three-lane motorways. Both towns are about 30 km (19 mi) away from Cetinje. Another road to Podgorica is built on the coast of Skadar lake . There is also a historic old road from Cetinje to Kotor , which is not of premium quality, but which overlooks

1488-435: The loss of Montenegrin statehood and noticeable stagnation of the architectural development of the city, Cetinje continues the tradition of formed, then already traditional type of urban residential houses and closed urban blocks, but they build the first modern multi-storey residential buildings for collective housing, and modern public institutions necessary for the then social life. In the fastest and most important period of

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1536-671: The mayor of Old Royal Capital Cetinje is Nikola Đurašković ( SDP ). Although Podgorica is the capital of Montenegro, Cetinje is the seat of numerous national institutions of Montenegro. The official residence of the president of Montenegro is in Cetinje, called the Blue Palace owing to the colour of its walls. Cetinje is the seat of Montenegrin, National Museum of Montenegro , National library and State Archives of Montenegro . Administrative and operational bodies of local administration are secretaries, administrations, directorates, managements and services. There are six secretariats in

1584-570: The night of 13 November 1944, they shot without any trial 28 citizens of Cetinje . They were all summarily executed at "New Cemetery" of Cetinje in Humci. On 12 August 2022, a mass shooting occurred in Cetinje, in which eleven people died, including the perpetrator, and six others were injured. It is Montenegro's deadliest mass shooting. Cetinje is governed by mayor and the Old Royal Capital Government. Since December 2021,

1632-491: The original alphabets as sj and zj , and сj and зj, respectively. Because these two glyphs already exist in the Polish alphabet , but must be created in Cyrillic by using combining characters, it provides an additional incentive to prefer Latin over Cyrillic. It also uses some Latin extended letters, composed with a basic Latin letter and one of two combining accents (the acute accent or caron , over C , S , and Z ), and

1680-413: The present day, Cetinje printing houses have published over 3,000 books, a major contribution to the Montenegrin cultural heritage. The first Montenegrin literary and scientific annual, Grlica (Turtledove), was published in 1835, while the first Montenegrin newspaper, 'The Montenegrin', was established in 1871. Since then, sixty different newspapers and over thirty magazines have been published. In 1914, as

1728-539: The reorganization and improvement of the state apparatus and the authorities. During this period, Cetinje, as the old royal capital, gains in an even greater national and international significance and experiencing its rapid socio – economic, institutional, and urban development. Without taking into consideration possibility and efforts which Cetinje is realized as spatially small and young city, it occupies an important place in terms of conceptual, social and urban transformation of other cities in Montenegro, particularly since

1776-471: The rule of Prince Nikola I Petrović when numerous public edifices were built. Those include the first hotel, called 'Lokanda', then the new Prince's palace, the Girls' Institute and the hospital. This period also saw the first tenancy houses. In the 1860 census Cetinje had 34 households. After initially holding off Ottoman incursions in 1852 and 1853 , Cetinje was captured by Ottoman Omar Pasha 's forces during

1824-520: The second half of the nineteenth century in the development of Cetinje marked period of state power and its pursuit of the European culture and international recognition. Recognition of Montenegro as an independent state, at the Berlin Congress in 1878, on the basis of which greatly expanded, he began a period of rapid creation of a national, economic, social, cultural, societal and spatial superstructure which caused increasing of economic power and

1872-468: The second half of the nineteenth century until the First World War. On the basis of that and the facts about today's relatively preserved old urban heritage, is justified the fact which Cetinje ranks among the cities with significant architectural heritage. Cetinje has a rich publishing and printing tradition. The Printing House of Crnojevići (1492–1496) and the books published there are of great importance for Montenegrin culture and history as well as for

1920-634: The summer season. Podgorica Airport is 55 km (34 mi) away, and it has regular flights to major European destinations throughout the year. Cetinje has been the cultural and educational centre of Montenegro for five centuries. There are five republic institutions: Đurđe Crnojević Central National Library, the National Museum of Montenegro, the Archives of Montenegro, the Republic Institute for Preserving Cultural Heritage and

1968-429: The town of Cetinje lived 12,460 inhabitants. According to the number of inhabitants, Cetinje is one of the medium units of local government in Montenegro. Cetinje Municipality has a population of 14,465. Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT, Census 2011 After the decades of stagnation, the new city government began a lot of projects with the intention to revitalise the infrastructure, business and to gain

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2016-585: Was built. The population census from the same year recorded a massive growth in the world's smallest capital, registering 5,895 inhabitants. In the Interwar period , Cetinje expanded its territory, as it was now a centre of the Zeta region. But when it was decided by the Parliament of Montenegro that the administrative organs should be located in Titograd (previously and presently Podgorica ), Cetinje went through

2064-494: Was first put under Ottoman rule in 1499, then annexed by the Ottomans in 1514, organized into the Sanjak of Montenegro . In the next two centuries, the development of Cetinje stagnated. It was very often subject to attack by Venice and the Ottomans. The city therefore endured many privations in the course of the 16th and 17th centuries. During this period the court and the monastery of the Crnojevići dynasty were destroyed. It

2112-548: Was forced to move the seat of the Eparchy of Zeta from Vranjina to Cetinje due to the Ottoman invasions, in 1485. The town was named after the Cetina river. The bishopric of Zeta was elevated to a metropolitanate in Cetinje. It was later to play an important part in both the religious and national life. The Crnojević printing house , the first printing house in southeastern Europe, was active between 1493 and 1496 in Cetinje. Zeta

2160-563: Was founded in 1482, when Ivan Crnojević moved his capital from Obod above the Crnojević River to deeper into the hills to a more easily defended location in a field at the foot of Mount Lovćen . He had his court built at the new location that year and also founded a monastery (dedicated to the Mother of Christ) as a personal endowment in 1484. His court and the monastery are the first recorded renaissance buildings in Montenegro. Crnojević

2208-486: Was made. In 1838 his new royal residence called Biljarda (Billiard house) was built. Cetinje was enlarged by building new houses that gradually led to genuine urbanization. Many modern buildings designed for foreign consulates were built due to the newly established relations with various European countries, including the French, Russian, British, Italian and Austro-Hungarian consulates. Cetinje made great progress under

2256-493: Was only at the end of the 17th century, in 1697, that Cetinje began to flourish again under the rule of the Petrović dynasty , refounded by Danilo Petrović . Leading the wars of liberation and strengthening the unity in the country occupied Danilo and his successors, so they were unable to devote enough effort to the further development of Cetinje. It was only during the rule of Petar II Petrović Njegoš that far greater progress

2304-425: Was street – house – garden. Along with the development of this type of urban city blocks and residential buildings, has developed substantial public architecture of the city, which was built under the great influence of foreign builders with the application of various architectural styles and which then and now, is a representative architectural backbone of the city. Between the two world wars, which characterized by

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