119-562: The Teacher Eligibility Test , known as TET , is the minimum qualification required in India for a person to be eligible for an appointment as a teacher for Classes I to VIII. The test is mandatory for teaching jobs in Indian government schools. Similarly, UP Government introduced another qualifying after UPTET called Super TET. The 24111143967 is conducted by both the central and state governments of India. Most states conduct their own TET. The test
238-852: A Jain pilgrimage site at Rajasthan's only hill station , Mount Abu , in the ancient Aravalli mountain range and eastern Rajasthan, the Keoladeo National Park of Bharatpur , a World Heritage Site known for its bird life. Rajasthan is also home to three national tiger reserves, the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur , Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar and the Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve in Kota . The State of Rajasthan
357-472: A large area within the districts of Kota and Bundi forms a tableland. To the northeast of these districts is a rugged region (badlands) following the line of the Chambal River . Farther north the country levels out; the flat plains of the northeastern Bharatpur district are part of an alluvial basin. Merta City lies in the geographical center of Rajasthan. The Aravalli Range and the lands to
476-609: A large portion of Rajasthan. The indomitable Rana Kumbha defeated the Sultans of Malwa , Nagaur and Gujarat and made Mewar the most powerful Rajput Kingdom in India. The ambitious Rana Sanga united the various Rajput clans, including the Muslim Khanzadas of Mewat under Raja Hasan Khan Mewati , and fought against the foreign powers in India. Rana Sanga defeated the Afghan Lodi Empire of Delhi and crushed
595-412: A per capita GDP of ₹ 118,000 (US$ 1,400). Rajasthan ranks 22nd among Indian states in human development index . Rajasthan means "The Land of Kings" and is a portmanteau of Sanskrit "Rājā" ('King') and Sanskrit "Sthāna" ('Land') or Persian "St(h)ān", with the same meaning. The oldest reference to Rajasthan is found in a stone inscription dated back to 625 CE. The first printed mention of
714-532: A remnant of the primitive Sarasvati river . The Desert National Park in Jaisalmer , spread over an area of 3,162 square kilometres (1,221 sq mi), is an excellent example of the ecosystem of the Thar Desert and its diverse fauna . Seashells and massive fossilised tree trunks in this park record the geological history of the desert. The region is a haven for migratory and resident birds of
833-407: A result, schools are not admitting them, as they require the documents as a condition to admission. Rajasthan Rajasthan ( / r ɑː dʒ ə ˈ s t ɑː n / ; Hindi: [raːdʒəsˈtʰaːn] ; lit. 'Land of Kings') is a state in northwestern India . It covers 342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi) or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographical area. It
952-419: A significant prerequisite for creating a democratic and egalitarian society. Indian Law commission had initially proposed 50% reservation for disadvantaged students in private schools. On 7 May 2014, The Supreme Court of India ruled that Right to Education Act is not applicable to Minority institutions. The bill was approved by the cabinet on 2 July 2009. Rajya Sabha passed the bill on 20 July 2009 and
1071-703: A teacher in any of the schools referred to in clause (n) of section 2 of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act (RTE Act). Teachers Adda Result 2022 The national Ministry of Human Resource Development entrusted responsibility for conducting the Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET) to the CBSE, Delhi, which conducts the CTET twice a year. The CTET is held in 20 Indian languages . Approximately 14 lakh candidates apply to sit
1190-462: A year to select primary and junior teachers. The UPTET written exam comprises two papers: Candidates may sit either or both papers. In 2021, UPBEB conducted the UPTET 2021 exam in two shifts across 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh on November 28, 2021. but later exam got cancelled due to paper leakage. The re-examination was held on 23 January 2022 and the results were declared on 9 April 2022. In 2016,
1309-416: Is "unconstitutional". Forcing unaided schools to admit 25% disadvantaged students has also been criticized on the grounds that the government has partly transferred its constitutional obligation to provide free and compulsory elementary education to children on "non-state actors", like private schools but collected a 2% of the total tax payable for primary education. On 12 April 2012, a three judge bench of
SECTION 10
#17327768182201428-477: Is a mandatory qualification for incoming teachers for Classes I through VIII. People with professional teaching qualifications, including the B.T.C (D.El.Ed), B.Ed, and B.El.Ed, are eligible to take the test. Candidates must score over 60% to pass. The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) maintains the TET database and guides government bodies on conducting the test. The Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET)
1547-752: Is also undertaken in Rajasthan. Jodhpur sandstone is mostly used in monuments, important buildings, and residential buildings. This stone is termed as Chittar Patthar . Jodhpur leads in the handicraft and guar gum industries. Rajasthan is also a part of the Mumbai-Delhi Industrial corridor set to benefit economically. The state gets 39% of the DMIC, with major districts of Jaipur, Alwar, Kota and Bhilwara benefiting. Rajasthan also has reserves of low-silica limestone. Rajasthan connected 100% of its population to electricity power in 2019 (raising
1666-537: Is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between the age of 6 to 14 years in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution . India became one of 135 countries to make education a fundamental right of every child when the act came into force on 1 April 2010. The title of
1785-701: Is appointed by the President of India for a five-year term. The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the chief minister by the governor, and the council of ministers are appointed by the governor on the advice of the chief minister . The governor remains a ceremonial head of the state, while the chief minister and his council are responsible for day-to-day government functions. The council of ministers consists of Cabinet Ministers , Ministers of State (MoS) and Deputy Ministers. The Secretariat headed by
1904-813: Is composed of the following geographical regions: Rajasthan is divided into 50 districts within Ten divisions : A district collector or district magistrate , who is appointed by either the Indian Administrative Service or the Rajasthan Public Service Commission , governs each district. Subdivisions (Tehsils) are responsible for governing districts and are overseen by sub-divisional magistrates. Additionally, districts are further divided into blocks. A block consists of panchayats (village councils) and town municipalities. Tehsils are intermediate level panchayat between
2023-571: Is conducted to meet the objectives of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 . The TET certificate is valid for lifetime. The Teacher Eligibility Test (TET) was introduced by the Government of India in 2011 to improve standards in teaching. Teachers already working were expected to pass the exam within two years. The exam is based on the Government of India's National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education , and
2142-621: Is drained by the Banas and Chambal rivers, tributaries of the Ganges . The northwestern portion of Rajasthan is generally sandy and dry. Most of this region is covered by the Thar Desert which extends into adjoining portions of Pakistan. The Aravalli Range does not intercept the moisture-giving southwest monsoon winds off the Arabian Sea , as it lies in a direction parallel to that of
2261-694: Is headed by a District Magistrate/District Collector, who is also an IAS officer, and is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Rajasthan Administrative Services . In Rajasthan, the police force is led by an IPS officer holding the position of Director General of Police . Each district is supervised by a Superintendent of Police , also an IPS officer, who is supported by officers from the Rajasthan Police Services. Their primary responsibility involves maintaining law and order and addressing relevant issues within their respective districts. The management of forests, environment, and wildlife in
2380-708: Is laid down under a separate legislation- the Persons with Disabilities Act. A number of other provisions regarding improvement of school infrastructure, teacher-student ratio and faculty are made in the Act. Education in the Indian constitution is a concurrent issue and both centre and states can legislate on the issue. The Act lays down specific responsibilities for the centre, state and local bodies for its implementation. The states have been clamouring that they lack financial capacity to deliver education of appropriate standard in all
2499-507: Is no negative marking in this paper. This paper is only eligibility test for third grade teacher. After this paper, there is a separate mains paper to become a third grade teacher. The Haryana Teacher Eligibility Test (HTET) is conducted by the Board of School Education Haryana (BSEH) from time to time, for the following categories of school teachers: Primary (PRT), Trained Graduate Teacher (TGT), and Post Graduate Teacher (PGT). Until 2009,
SECTION 20
#17327768182202618-416: Is one of the largest airbases in India, BSF and Military bases are also situated here. Currently four civil airports are located here: Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Nagaur, of which Jodhpur is the major civil airport, being the 44th busiest airport in India and one of the oldest air strips of India, being built in the 1920s. The Northwestern thorn scrub forests lie in a band around the Thar Desert, between
2737-564: Is responsible for maintaining and expanding the state highways system and major district roads. Jaipur–Kishangarh Expressway forms a segment of the NH-8 which is a part of the Golden Quadrilateral project. Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (RSRTC) was established in 1964 to provide economical and reliable passenger road transport service in the state with connecting services to adjoining states. For travelling locally,
2856-602: Is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population . It is on India's northwestern side, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert (also known as the Great Indian Desert) and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west, along the Sutlej - Indus River valley. It is bordered by five other Indian states: Punjab to
2975-442: Is the first metro in India to run on triple-storey elevated road and metro track. The state is served by a substantial road network, providing links between urban centers, agricultural market-places and rural areas. There are 33 national highways (NH) in the state, covering a total distance of 10,004.14 km (6,216.28 mi). The state has a total road length of 269,028 km (167,166 mi). The Department of Public Works
3094-493: Is the state's largest, busiest and only international airport. Jaipur International Airport offers international service to Dubai , Bangkok , Sharjah and Muscat . There are five civilian airports in Rajasthan including Jodhpur Airport , Udaipur Airport , Ajmer Airport , Bikaner Airport and Jaisalmer Airport . Domestic airports are operated by the Airports Authority of India (AAI) and shares its airside with
3213-537: The Aravalli Range , which runs through the state from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more than 850 kilometres (530 mi). Mount Abu lies at the southwestern end of the range, separated from the main ranges by the West Banas River . Although a series of broken ridges continues into Haryana in the direction of Delhi where it can be seen as outcrops in the form of
3332-537: The First Battle of Tarain in 1191. In 1192 CE, Muhammad Ghori decisively defeated Prithviraj at the Second Battle of Tarain . After the defeat of Chauhan in 1192 CE, a part of Rajasthan came under Muslim rulers. The principal centers of their powers were Nagaur and Ajmer. Ranthambhore was also under their suzerainty. At the beginning of the 13th century, the most prominent and powerful state of Rajasthan
3451-653: The Lok Sabha on 4 August 2009. It received Presidential assent and was notified as law on 26 August 2009 as The Children's Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act. The law came into effect in the whole of India except the state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1 April 2010, the first time in the history of India a law was brought into force by a speech by the then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh . In his speech, Dr. Singh stated, "We are committed to ensuring that all children, irrespective of gender and social category, have access to education. An education that enables them to acquire
3570-468: The RTE Act incorporates the words "free and compulsory". "Free education" means that no child, other than a child who has been admitted by his or her parents to a school which is not supported by the appropriate government, shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education. 'Compulsory education' casts an obligation on
3689-536: The Raisina Hill and the ridges farther north. About three-fifths of Rajasthan lies northwest of the Aravallis, leaving two-fifths on the east and south direction. The Aravalli Range runs across the state from the southwest peak Guru Shikhar (Mount Abu), which is 1,722 metres (5,650 ft) in height, to Khetri in the northeast. This range divides the state into 60% in the northwest of the range and 40% in
Teacher Eligibility Test - Misplaced Pages Continue
3808-590: The Saka rulers of the western part of India, were successors to the Indo-Scythians and were contemporaneous with the Kushans , who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent . The Indo-Scythians invaded the area of Ujjain and established the Saka era (with their calendar ), marking the beginning of the long-lived Saka Western Satraps state. The Pratiharas ruled for many dynasties in this part of
3927-575: The Shekhawati region. This sanctuary is home to a large population of blackbuck . Desert foxes and the caracal , an apex predator , also known as the desert lynx , can also be spotted, along with birds such as the partridge , harriers , eastern imperial eagle , pale harrier , marsh harrier , short-toed eagle , tawny eagle , sparrow hawk , crested lark , demoiselle crane , skylarks , green bee-eater , brown dove , black ibis , and sand grouse . The great Indian bustard , known locally as
4046-516: The Supreme Court delivered its 2-1 judgement. Chief Justice SH Kapadia and Justice Swatanter Kumar held that providing the reservation is not unconstitutional but stated that the Act will not be applicable to private minority schools and boarding schools. However, Justice K. S. Panicker Radhakrishnan dissented with the majority view and held that the Act cannot apply to minority and non-minority private schools that do not receive aid from
4165-486: The Zilla Parishad (district councils) at the district level and gram panchayat (village councils) at the lower level. Rajasthan has 5 cities with over one million population. The absolute urban population of the state is 17.4 million, which constitutes 24.87% of the total urban population of the state. There are 10 municipal corporations , 34 municipal councils and 172 municipal boards or nagar pachayats in
4284-489: The godavan , and which is a state bird, has been classed as critically endangered since 2011. Rajasthan is also noted for its national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. There are four national parks and wildlife sanctuaries: Keoladeo National Park of Bharatpur , Sariska Tiger Reserve of Alwar, Ranthambore National Park of Sawai Madhopur , and Desert National Park of Jaisalmer. A national-level institute, Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI) an autonomous institute of
4403-514: The Act has provisions for compensating private schools for admission of children under the 25% quota which has been compared to school vouchers , whereby parents may "send" their children in any school, private or public. This measure, along with the increase in PPP (Public Private Partnership) has been viewed by some organisations such as the All-India Forum for Right to Education (AIF-RTE), as
4522-544: The Act was released by the Ministry of Human Resource Development on the one-year anniversary of the Act, and again till 2015. The report admits that 1.7 million children in the age group 6-14 remain out of school and there's a shortage of 508,000 teachers country-wide. A shadow report by the RTE Forum, representing the leading education networks in the country led by Ambarish Rai (a prominent activist), however, challenging
4641-521: The British district of Ajmer-Merwara . Jaisalmer , Marwar (Jodhpur), Bikaner , Mewar (Chittorgarh), Alwar and Dhundhar (Jaipur) were some of the main Rajput princely states. Bharatpur and Dholpur were Jat princely states whereas Tonk was a princely state under Pathans . The three chiefships were Lawa, Neemrana and Kushalgarh. The geographic features of Rajasthan are the Thar Desert and
4760-582: The Chief Secretary assists the council of ministers. The Chief Secretary is also the administrative head of the government. Each government department is headed by a minister, who is assisted by an Additional Chief Secretary or a Principal Secretary, who is usually an officer of Indian Administrative Service (IAS), the Additional Chief Secretary/Principal Secretary serve as the administrative head of
4879-725: The Indian Air Force. These airports connect Rajasthan with the major cities of India such as Mumbai, Kolkata , Hyderabad , Chennai and Bangalore . Railways length in the state constitute 8.66 per cent of all India route length. Jaipur Junction is the headquarters of the North Western Railway . Jaipur, Ajmer , Bikaner are the busiest railway stations in the state. Kota is the only electrified section served by three Rajdhani Expresses and trains to all major cities of India. Jaipur Superfast Express , fastest train under Superfast category of trains; connects
Teacher Eligibility Test - Misplaced Pages Continue
4998-854: The Maharashtra State Council of Examination (MSCE) to determine the eligibility of candidates for Classes 1 to 8 teachers in the schools of Maharashtra. The MAHA TET exam is conducted at two levels – the primary (paper 1) and upper primary (paper 2). Candidates who plan to become teachers of Classes 1-5 need to appear for the MAHA TET paper 1. On the other hand, candidates who plan to be teachers of Classes 6-8 need to appear for MAHA TET paper 2. Candidates who wish to be teachers of Classes 1-8, need to appear for both papers 1 and Paper 2. Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act ( RTE )
5117-492: The PSTET through the official Punjab School Education Board website. The Maharashtra TET (MAHATET) is a state-level teacher eligibility test (TET) conducted by Maharashtra State Council of Examination every year. The MAHA TET is conducted at two levels – primary (paper-I) for teacher of class 1st to 5th and upper primary (paper-II) for teacher of class 6th to 8th. MAHA TET or Maharashtra TET (Teachers Eligibility Test) conducted by
5236-552: The Rajasthan Teacher Eligibility Test (REET) for teachers in Rajasthan state. Teacher Eligibility Tests are conducted twice a year, for two levels, Level 1 and Level 2. Candidates have 2 hours and 30 minutes in which to answer 150 questions. The Level 1 examination paper is divided into five parts. The Level 2 examination paper comprises four parts, of which parts 1-3 are mandatory. The validity of this paper has been made lifetime from 2022. There
5355-597: The Rajput kings accepted Mughal suzerainty, but the rulers of Mewar (Rana Udai Singh II ) and Marwar (Rao Chandrasen Rathore ) refused to have any form of alliance with the Mughals. To teach the Rajputs a lesson Akbar attacked Udai Singh and killed Rajput commander Jaimal of Chitor and the citizens of Mewar in large numbers. Akbar killed 20,000–25,000 unarmed citizens in Chittor on the grounds that they had actively helped in
5474-560: The State. In 2024, an amendment was made to reserve 33% of seats in government and private schools for children who are disabled or from an Economically Weaker Section or Economically Backward Class. It has been pointed out that the RTE act is not new. Universal adult franchise in the act was opposed since most of the population was illiterate. Article 45 in the Constitution of India
5593-577: The Tamil Nadu Regional Director of the CBSE that he intended to "reject applicants without an email address" and so excluded technically illiterate parents from seeking admissions. In addition, school officials falsified the distance figures of several poorer candidates to attempt to disqualify them from availing of the scheme. In 2017, A public interest litigation was filed in the high courts of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana , seeking proper implementation of 25% quota in both
5712-607: The Turkic Sultanates of Malwa and Gujarat. Rana Sanga then tried to create an Indian empire but was defeated by the first Mughal Emperor Babur at Khanwa . The defeat was due to betrayal by the Tomar King Silhadi of Raisen. After Rana Sanga 's death, Marwar rose as a power center in Rajasthan under Rao Maldeo Rathore . He conquered Jaisalmer, parts of Gujarat, Jalore, Nagaur, Ajmer, Sanchore, Bhinmal, Radhanpur, Bayana, Tonk, Toda and Nabhara. He expanded
5831-473: The UPTET written examination was held on 19 December, in two shifts. In 2017, UPBEB published its examination notification on 22 August, and the written exam was conducted on 15 October. In 2018, the UPBEB notification was scheduled for publication on 15 September, with applications beginning on 17 September for the written examination on 28 October. The Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education (RBSE) organizes
5950-401: The allure of free lunch in the government schools, many parents send their children to private schools. Average schoolteacher salaries in private rural schools in some States (about Rs. 4,000 per month) are considerably lower than those in government schools. As a result, the proponents of low-cost private schools critique the government schools as being poor value for money. Children attending
6069-585: The appropriate Government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by all children in the 6-14 age group. With this, India has moved forward to a rights based framework that casts a legal obligation on the Central and State Governments to implement this fundamental child right as enshrined in the Article 21A of the Constitution, in accordance with
SECTION 50
#17327768182206188-470: The appropriate government to provide free elementary education and ensure compulsory admission, attendance and completion of elementary education to every child in the six to fourteen age group. 'Free' means that no child shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her from pursuing and completing elementary education. It makes provisions for a non-admitted child to be admitted to an age-appropriate class. It specifies
6307-487: The child, building on the child's knowledge, potentiality and talent and making the child free of fear, trauma and anxiety through a system of child friendly and child centered learning. The RTE act requires surveys that will monitor all neighbourhoods, identify children requiring education, and set up facilities for providing it. The World Bank education specialist for India, Sam Carlson, has observed: The Right to Education of persons with disabilities until 18 years of age
6426-443: The city of Kota , in southern Rajasthan. Rajasthan is pre-eminent in quarrying and mining in India. The Taj Mahal was built from white marble which was mined from a town called Makrana . The state is the second-largest source of cement in India. It has rich salt deposits at Sambhar , copper mines at Khetri , Jhunjhunu , and zinc mines at Dariba, Zawar mines and Rampura Agucha (opencast) near Bhilwara . Dimensional stone mining
6545-533: The coming monsoon winds, leaving the northwestern region in a rain shadow . The Thar Desert is thinly populated; the City of Jodhpur is the largest city in the desert and a major metropolitan area of India which is known as the gateway of the Thar desert. The desert has some major districts like Jodhpur , Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner , and Nagaur . This area is also important from a defence point of view. Jodhpur airbase
6664-639: The commandants of Jodhpur and Bayana and recovered Amer by a night attack. They next killed Sayyid Hussain Khan Barha, the commandant of Mewat and many other Mughal officers. Bahadur Shah I , then in the Deccan was forced to patch up a truce with the Rajput Rajas. The Jats , under Suraj Mal , overran the Mughal garrison at Agra and plundered the city taking with them the two great silver doors of
6783-573: The country; the region was known as Gurjaratra . Up to the 10th century CE, almost all of North India acknowledged the supremacy of the Imperial Pratiharas, with their seat of power at Kannauj . The Gurjara Pratihar Empire acted as a barrier for Arab invaders from the 8th to the 11th century. The chief accomplishment of the Gurjara-Pratihara Empire lies in its successful resistance to foreign invasions from
6902-400: The decision taken in principle to extend the right to education till Class X (age 16) and into the preschool age range. The CABE committee is in the process of looking into the implications of making these changes. The Ministry of HRD set up a high-level, 14-member National Advisory Council (NAC) for implementation of the Act. The members include: A report on the status of implementation of
7021-481: The department they are assigned to. Each department also has officers of the rank of Secretary, Special Secretary, Joint Secretary etc. assisting the Minister and the Additional Chief Secretary/Principal Secretary. For the administration purpose, the state is divided into 10 divisions and 50 districts. Divisional Commissioner , is the head of administration on the divisional level. The administration in each district
7140-424: The desert and the Aravallis. This region receives less than 400 mm of rain annually. Temperatures can sometimes exceed 45 °C in the summer months and drop below freezing point in the winter. The Godwar , Marwar , and Shekhawati regions lie in the thorn scrub forest zone, along with the city of Jodhpur. The Luni River and its tributaries are the major river system of Godwar and Marwar regions, draining
7259-528: The desert. One can see many eagles , harriers , falcons , buzzards , kestrels and vultures . Short-toed snake eagles ( Circaetus gallicus ), tawny eagles ( Aquila rapax ), spotted eagles ( Aquila clanga ), laggar falcons ( Falco jugger ) and kestrels are some of the raptor species seen in Desert National Park. Road traffic inside the Park is, however, a threat to several wild species of
SECTION 60
#17327768182207378-678: The district is overseen by the Divisional Forest Officer , who is a member of the Indian Forest Service . This responsibility is carried out with the assistance of officers from the Rajasthan Forest Service and Rajasthan Subordinate Service. Rajasthan has its High court Jodhpur which has its principal seat at Jodhpur and a bench at Jaipur , with district courts and session courts in each district or Sessions Division, and lower courts at
7497-458: The duties and responsibilities of appropriate Governments, local authority and parents in providing free and compulsory education, and sharing of financial and other responsibilities between the Central and State Governments. It lays down the norms and standards relating inter alia to pupil-teacher ratios (PTRs), buildings and infrastructure, school-working days, teacher-working hours. It provides for rational deployment of teachers by ensuring that
7616-435: The early 19th century, accepting British suzerainty and control over their external affairs in return for internal autonomy. The State of Rajasthan was formed on 30 March 1949 when the states of the Rajputana Agency of the erstwhile British Empire in India were merged into the new Indian Union . Modern Rajasthan includes most of Rajputana , which comprises the erstwhile nineteen princely states , three chiefships, and
7735-421: The east and southeast of the range are generally more fertile and better watered. This region is home to the Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests ecoregion, with tropical dry broadleaf forests that include teak , Acacia , and other trees. The hilly Vagad region, home to the cities of Dungarpur , Pratapgarh , and Banswara lies in southernmost Rajasthan, on the border with Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh . With
7854-414: The entrance of the famous Taj Mahal which were then melted down by Suraj Mal in 1763. Over the years, the Mughals began to have internal disputes which greatly distracted them at times. The Mughal Empire continued to weaken, and with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the late 18th century, Rajputana came under the influence of the Marathas . The Maratha Empire, which had replaced the Mughal Empire as
7973-414: The examination was known as the State Teacher Eligibility Test (STET). In 2011, under the RTE Act, 2009, and pursuant to issuance of notification by the NCTE, it was renamed the HTET. The examination comprises three categories: The HTET qualifying certificate is valid for a period of seven years from the date of passing the examination. There is no restriction on the number of times a candidate may attempt
8092-419: The examination. The thirteenth edition of CTET was held on 8 December 2019 in 110 Indian cities. There are two papers: Paper 1, for teachers of Classes I to V, and Paper 2 for Classes VI to VIII. Candidates must score a minimum of 60% to become CTET Qualified, and the certificate is valid for lifetime. Successful candidates become eligible to apply for recruitment as teachers of Classes I to VIII in schools under
8211-483: The exception of Mount Abu, Vagad is the wettest region in Rajasthan, and the most heavily forested. North of Vagad lies the Mewar region, home to the cities of Udaipur and Chittaurgarh . The Hadoti region lies to the southeast, on the border with Madhya Pradesh. North of Hadoti and Mewar lies the Dhundhar region, home to the state capital of Jaipur . Mewat , the easternmost region of Rajasthan, borders Haryana and Uttar Pradesh . Eastern and southeastern Rajasthan
8330-475: The finance capital of India Mumbai to Jaipur. Luxury tourist train Maharajas' Express runs across North-West and Central India, mainly centered on Rajasthan. There is also an international railway, the Thar Express from Jodhpur (India) to Karachi (Pakistan). However, this is not open to foreign nationals. Jaipur Metro is the metro rail system in the city of Jaipur. It is the only metro rail system in Rajasthan and has been operational since 3 June 2015. It
8449-570: The findings pointing out that several key legal commitments are falling behind schedule. The Supreme Court of India has also intervened to demand implementation of the Act in the Northeast. It has also provided the legal basis for ensuring pay parity between teachers in government and government aided schools Haryana Government has assigned the duties and responsibilities to Block Elementary Education Officers–cum–Block Resource Coordinators (BEEOs-cum-BRCs) for effective implementation and continuous monitoring of implementation of Right to Education Act in
8568-455: The former state of Jaipur in Rajasthan and included the whole of Alwar with portions of Bharatpur. The capital of Matsya was at Viratanagar (modern Bairat), which is said to have been named after its founder King Virata . Bhargava identifies the two districts of Jhunjhunu and Sikar and parts of Jaipur district along with Haryana districts of Mahendragarh and Rewari as part of Vedic state of Brahmavarta . Bhargava also locates
8687-548: The funding for implementing the law in the ratio of 65 to 35 between the centre and the states, and a ratio of 90 to 10 for the north-eastern states. However, in mid 2010, this figure was upgraded to Rs. 2310 billion, and the center agreed to raise its share to 68%. There is some confusion on this, with other media reports stating that the centre's share of the implementation expenses would now be 70%. At that rate, most states may not need to increase their education budgets substantially. A critical development in 2011 has been
8806-434: The government school system is not good. While it remains the largest provider of elementary education in the country, forming 80% of all recognised schools, it suffers from shortage of teachers and infrastructural gaps. Several habitations lack schools altogether. There are also frequent allegations of government schools being riddled with absenteeism and mismanagement and of appointments made on political convenience. Despite
8925-565: The government. In September 2012, the Supreme Court declined a review petition on the Act. In May 2016, the Chetpet-based CBSE school Maharishi Vidya Mandir became embroiled in a scandal over its circumvention of the 25% quota rule. During its admissions cycle, the school told economically weaker parents "the RTE does not exist' and "we do not take these [government RTE] applications." The senior principal also informed
9044-493: The head of the government and the head of the council of ministers. The Legislative Assembly consists of 200 members who are elected for five-year terms. The state contributes 25 seats to Lok Sabha , the lower house of the Indian Parliament, and 10 seats to Rajya Sabha , the upper house. The Government of Rajasthan is a democratically elected body in India with the governor as its constitutional head. Governor
9163-545: The hurriedly drafted act: Entrepreneur Gurcharan Das noted that 54% of urban children attend private schools, and this rate is growing at 3% per year. "Even the poor children are abandoning the government schools. They are leaving because the teachers are not showing up." However, other researchers have countered the argument by saying that the evidence for higher standard of quality in private schools often disappears when other factors (like family income and parental literacy) are accounted for. To address these quality issues,
9282-521: The intolerant emperor of Delhi. They took advantage of the Aravalli hills and caused heavy damage to the Mughal armies that were trying to occupy Rajasthan. After Aurangzeb's death Bahadur Shah I tried to subjugate Rajasthan like his ancestors but his plan backfired when the three Rajput Rajas of Amber , Udaipur , and Jodhpur made a joint resistance to the Mughals . The Rajputs first expelled
9401-547: The ministry of forestry is situated in Jodhpur and continuously works on desert flora and their conservation. Ranthambore National Park is 7 km from Sawai Madhopur Railway Station. It is known worldwide for its tiger population and is considered by both wilderness lovers and photographers as one of the best places in India to spot tigers. At one point, due to poaching and negligence, tigers became extinct at Sariska, but five tigers have been relocated there. Prominent among
9520-513: The name Rajasthan appears in the 1829 publication Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India , while the earliest known record of Rajputana as a name for the region is in George Thomas 's 1800 memoir Military Memories . John Keay , in his book India: A History , stated that Rajputana was coined by the British in 1829, John Briggs, translating Ferishta 's history of early Islamic India, used
9639-596: The north; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast; and Gujarat to the southwest. Its geographical location is 23°.3' to 30°.12' North latitude and 69°.30' to 78°.17' East longitude, with the Tropic of Cancer passing through its southernmost tip. Its major features include the ruins of the Indus Valley civilisation at Kalibangan and Balathal , the Dilwara Temples ,
9758-458: The other Rajput states, constitutes a glorious saga of Rajput valor and the spirit of self-sacrifice for cherished principles. Rana Pratap's methods of sporadic warfare were later elaborated further by Malik Ambar, the Deccani general, and by Shivaji". Rana Amar Singh I continued his ancestor's war against the Mughals under Jehangir , he repelled the Mughal armies at Dewar. Later an expedition
9877-642: The other hand, the latter consists of Civil and Sessions Judges. The District Judge has control over the Subordinate Judicial Service in Rajasthan. The politics of Rajasthan has mainly been dominated mainly by the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Indian National Congress . Chief Secretary Of Rajasthan is Usha Sharma and Director General of Police or DGP of Rajasthan is Umesh Mishra. Rajasthan
9996-525: The overlord of the subcontinent, was finally replaced by the British Empire in 1818. In the 19th century, the Rajput kingdoms were exhausted, they had been drained financially and in manpower after continuous wars and due to heavy tributes exacted by the Maratha Empire . To save their kingdoms from instability, rebellions and banditry the Rajput kings concluded treaties with the British in
10115-455: The park with several species of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals reported to have died as roadkill. The Ranthambore National Park located in Sawai Madhopur , one of the well known tiger reserves in the country, became a part of Project Tiger in 1973. Tal Chhapar Sanctuary is a very small sanctuary in Sujangarh , Churu District , 210 kilometres (130 mi) from Jaipur in
10234-706: The phrase " Rajpoot (Rajput) princes" rather than "Indian princes". Parts of what is now Rajasthan were partly part of the Vedic Civilisation and the Indus Valley civilisation . Kalibangan , in Hanumangarh district , was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilisation. Topsfield writes that the Rajputs first entered India from the north west in the first millennium A.D. They established kingdoms in western India in
10353-843: The present day Sahibi River as the Vedic Drishadwati River, which along with Saraswati River formed the borders of the Vedic state of Brahmavarta. Manu and Bhrigu narrated the Manusmriti to a congregation of seers in this area. The ashrams of Vedic seers Bhrigu and his son Chayvan Rishi, for whom Chyawanprash was formulated, were near Dhosi Hill , part of which lies in Dhosi village of Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan and part of which lies in Mahendragarh district of Haryana . The Western Kshatrapas (405–35 BCE),
10472-459: The private schools are seen to be at an advantage, forming a discrimination against the weakest sections who are forced to go to government schools. Furthermore, the system has been criticised as catering to the rural elites who are able to afford school fees in a country where a large number of families live in absolute poverty. The act has been criticised as discriminatory for not addressing these issues. Well-known educationist Anil Sadgopal said of
10591-595: The progress of the Arabs beyond the confines of Sindh , their only conquest for nearly 300 years. The Ghurids had made an attempt to invade India through southern Rajasthan, however they were defeated in the Battle of Kasahrada on 1178 by a confederacy of Rajputs under Mularaja II of the Kingdom of Gujarat . Prithviraj Chauhan led a confederacy of Rajput clans and defeated the invading Ghruids under Muhammad Ghori in
10710-479: The provisions of the RTE Act.17. Present Act has its history in the drafting of the Indian constitution at the time of Independence but is more specifically to the Constitutional Amendment of 2002 that included the Article 21A in the Indian constitution making Education a fundamental Right. This amendment, however, specified the need for a legislation to describe the mode of implementation of
10829-575: The purview of the Central Government ( KVS , NVS , Central Tibetan Schools , etc.), and schools under the administrative control of the union territories (UTs) of Chandigarh , Dadra and Nagar Haveli , Daman and Diu and Andaman and Nicobar Islands , Lakshadweep , and the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). The examination is demanding, with qualification rates of 1-14% in the exams held to date. The TET
10948-587: The quality of education, infringing on the rights of private and religious minority schools to administer their system, and for excluding children under six years of age. Many of the ideas are seen as continuing the policies of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan of the 2000s, and the World Bank funded District Primary Education Programme DPEP of the '90s, both of which, while having set up a number of schools in rural areas, have been criticised for being ineffective and corruption-ridden. The quality of education provided by
11067-499: The rate of electricity access from 71% of the population in 2015). The renewable energy sector plays the most important role in the increase of generation capacities, with the main focus on solar energy . In 2020, Bhadla Solar Park was recognised as the largest cluster of photovoltaic power plants in a single region in the world, with the installed power exceeding the 2.2 gigawatt peak. Jaipur International Airport (JAI) in Jaipur,
11186-690: The region that is now known as Rajasthan. An archaeological excavation at the Balathal site in Udaipur district shows a settlement contemporary with the Harrapan civilisation dating back to 3000–1500 BCE. Stone Age tools dating from 5,000 to 200,000 years were found in Bundi and Bhilwara districts of the state. The Matsya kingdom of the Vedic civilisation of India is said to roughly corresponded to
11305-419: The requisite entry and academic qualifications. It prohibits (a) physical punishment and mental harassment; (b) screening procedures for admission of children; (c) capitation fee; (d) private tuition by teachers and (e) running of schools without recognition. It provides for development of curriculum in consonance with the values enshrined in the Constitution, and which would ensure the all-round development of
11424-442: The resistance. Maharana Pratap took an oath to avenge the citizens of Chittor; he fought the Mughal empire till his death and liberated most of Mewar apart from Chittor itself. Maharana Pratap soon became the most celebrated warrior of Rajasthan and became famous all over India for his sporadic warfare and noble actions. According to Satish Chandra , "Rana Pratap's defiance of the mighty Mughal empire, almost alone and unaided by
11543-578: The same which necessitated the drafting of a separate Education Bill. It is the 86th amendment in the Indian Constitution. A rough draft of the bill was prepared in year 2005. It caused considerable controversy due to its mandatory provision to provide 25% reservation for disadvantaged children in private schools. The sub-committee of the Central Advisory Board of Education which prepared the draft Bill held this provision as
11662-479: The schools needed for universal education. Thus it is clear that the central government (which collects most of the revenue) will be required to subsidise the states. A committee set up to study the funds requirement and funding initially estimated that Rs 1710 billion or 1.71 trillion (US$ 38.2 billion) across five years was required to implement the Act, and in April 2010 the central government agreed to sharing
11781-517: The second-largest producer of oilseeds . Rajasthan is also the biggest wool -producing state in India and the main opium producer and consumer. There are mainly two crop seasons. The water for irrigation comes from wells and tanks. The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigates northwestern Rajasthan. The main industries are mineral based, agriculture-based, and textile based. Rajasthan is the second-largest producer of polyester fibre in India. Several prominent chemical and engineering companies are located in
11900-483: The skills, knowledge, values and attitudes necessary to become responsible and active citizens of India." It has now come into force in Jammu and Kashmir after its reorganisation into a Union Territory of India in 2019. The RTE Act provides for the right of children to free and compulsory education till completion of elementary education in a neighbourhood school. It clarifies that 'compulsory education' means obligation of
12019-405: The southeast. The northwest tract is sandy and unproductive with little water but improves gradually from desert land in the far west and northwest to comparatively fertile and habitable land towards the east. The south-eastern area, higher in elevation (100 to 350 m above sea level) and more fertile, has a very diversified topography. In the south lies the hilly tract of Mewar. In the southeast,
12138-489: The specified pupil-teacher ratio is maintained for each school, rather than just as an average for the State or District or Block, thus ensuring that there is no urban-rural imbalance in teacher postings. It also provides for prohibition of deployment of teachers for non-educational work, other than decennial census, elections to local authority, state legislatures and parliament, and disaster relief. It provides for appointment of appropriately trained teachers, i.e. teachers with
12257-589: The state abdicating its "constitutional obligation towards providing elementary education". The Society for Un-aided Private Schools , Rajasthan (in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 95 of 2010 ) and as many as 31 others petitioned the Supreme Court of India claiming that the act violates the constitutional right of private managements to run their institutions without governmental interference. The parties claimed that providing 25 percent reservation for disadvantaged children in government and private unaided schools
12376-404: The state. Jaipur , Jodhpur , and Kota have two municipal corporations each since October 2019, as their populations have exceeded 1 million. Major internet service provider (ISP) and telecom companies are present in Rajasthan including Vodafone Idea , BSNL , Airtel , Jio , Data Infosys Limited , RailTel Corporation of India , Software Technology Parks of India (STPI). Data Infosys
12495-559: The states of Ajmer and Alwar in Rajasthan, and defeated Akbar's forces twice, first at Agra and then at Delhi in 1556 at Battle of Delhi before acceding to the throne of Delhi and establishing the "Hindu Raj" in North India , albeit for a short duration, from Purana Qila in Delhi. Hem Chandra was killed in the battlefield at Second Battle of Panipat fighting against Mughals on 5 November 1556. During Akbar 's reign most of
12614-495: The states under RTE act . For which the high courts addressed the governments of both states to take necessary steps for the proper implementation of the act. The Act provides for admission of children without any certification. However, several states have continued pre-existing procedures insisting that children produce income and caste certificates, BPL cards and birth certificates. Orphan children are often unable to produce such documents, even though they are willing to do so. As
12733-872: The tehsil level. The president of India appoints the chief justice of the High Court of Rajasthan judiciary on the advice of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India as well as the governor of Rajasthan. In Rajasthan, the Subordinate Judicial Service is an essential component of the state's judiciary, and it is divided into two categories: the Rajasthan Civil Judicial Services and the Rajasthan Higher Judicial Service. The former includes Civil Judges (Junior Division)/Judicial Magistrates and Civil Judges (Senior Division)/Chief Judicial Magistrate. On
12852-632: The territories of Marwar up to Sindh-Cholistan in west and his northern boundary was just fifty kilometres from Delhi. After defeating Humayun, Sher Shah came towards Rajputana. He defeated Chiefs of Rathore army by trickery in Battle of Sammel and captured some territory of Marwar but it was recovered by Rathores in 1545. Hem Chandra Vikramaditya , the Hindu emperor, was born in the village of Machheri in Alwar District in 1501. He won 22 battles against Afghans, from Punjab to Bengal including
12971-668: The test, and candidates who have already obtained the HTET/STET qualification may resit the test in order to improve their score. The Department of School Education, Punjab is responsible for conducting the Punjab State Teacher Eligibility Test, or PSTET, examination. The PSTET is conducted as two different papers for candidates wishing to join the Punjab School Education Board as teachers: Eligible candidates apply to sit
13090-507: The west, starting in the days of Junaid . Historian R. C. Majumdar says that this was openly acknowledged by the Arab writers. He further notes that historians of India have wondered at the slow progress of Muslim invaders in India, as compared with their rapid advance in other parts of the world. Now there seems little doubt that it was the power of the Pratihara army that effectively barred
13209-513: The western slopes of the Aravallis and emptying southwest into the great Rann of Kutch wetland in neighbouring Gujarat . This river is saline in the lower reaches and remains potable only up to Balotara in Barmer district . The Ghaggar River , which originates in Haryana , is an intermittent stream that disappears into the sands of the Thar Desert in the northern corner of the state and is seen as
13328-401: The wildlife sanctuaries are Mount Abu Sanctuary, Bhensrod Garh Sanctuary, Darrah Sanctuary , Jaisamand Sanctuary, Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary , Jawahar Sagar Sanctuary, and Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary. The state is governed by a parliamentary system of representative democracy. The governor serves as the state's constitutional leader, whereas the chief minister assumes the role of both
13447-653: Was Mewar . Since the invasion of the Muslim Turks from the 13th century onwards, the Rajputs resisted the Muslim incursions into India, and preserved Hindu culture at their courts. The Rajputs put up resistance to the Islamic invasions with their warfare and chivalry for centuries. The Ranas of Mewar led other kingdoms in their resistance to outside rule. Rana Hammir Singh defeated the Tughlaq dynasty and recovered
13566-412: Was again sent under the leadership of Prince Khurram , which caused much damage to life and property of Mewar . Many temples were destroyed, several villages were put on fire and women and children were captured and tortured to make Amar Singh accept surrender. During Aurangzeb 's rule Rana Raj Singh I , Veer Durgadas Rathore and Patshah Akheraj Singh Rajpurohit were chief among those who defied
13685-527: Was established when, in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (1) of Section 23 of the RTE Act, the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) received notifications dated 23 August 2010 and 29 July 2011 stipulating minimum qualifications for eligibility to teach Classes I to VIII. Passing the TET, conducted in accordance with NCTE Guidelines, is an essential requirement for appointment as
13804-521: Was formed on 30 March 1949 when the states of the Rajputana Agency of the erstwhile British Empire in India were merged into the new Indian Union . Its capital and largest city is Jaipur . Other important cities are Jodhpur , Kota , Bikaner , Ajmer , Sarwar , Bharatpur and Udaipur . The economy of Rajasthan is the seventh-largest state economy in India with ₹ 10.20 lakh crore (US$ 120 billion) in gross domestic product and
13923-657: Was made a necessary prerequisite for appointment as a teacher to meet the following objectives: TET weighting in the District Selection Committee (DSC) teacher selection entrance examination is 20%. Some 4 lakh candidates sat for the 2012 test. In February 2019, thousands of candidates sat the Andhra Pradesh TET examination, which was held in several test centers. The Uttar Pradesh Basic Education Board (UPBEB) holds its TET examinations Uttar Pradesh teacher Eligibility Test (UPTET) once
14042-512: Was set up as an act: In the 1990s, the World Bank funded a number of measures to set up schools within easy reach of rural communities. This effort was consolidated in the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan model in the 1990s. RTE takes the process further, and makes the enrolment of children in schools a state prerogative. The act has been criticised for being hastily drafted, not consulting many groups active in education, not considering
14161-407: Was the first ISP to bring the internet to Rajasthan in April 1999 and OASIS was the first private mobile telephone company. Rajasthan's economy is primarily agricultural and pastoral . Wheat and barley are cultivated over large areas, as are pulses , sugarcane , and oilseeds . Cotton and tobacco are the state's cash crops. Rajasthan is among the largest producers of edible oils in India and
#219780