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27-617: Cerro Colorado is Spanish for red mountain/hill . It may refer to: Europe [ edit ] Cerro Colorado mining deposit , in Huelva, Spain. North America [ edit ] Cerro Colorado (Baja California) , mountain in Tijuana, Mexico Cerro Colorado (borough) , Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico Cerro Colorado, Arizona , a ghost town in Arizona, U.S. Cerro Colorado Mountains ,

54-1122: A mountain range in Arizona, U.S. South America [ edit ] Cerro Colorados , a mountain in Argentina Cerros Colorados Complex , in Neuquén, Argentina Cerro Colorado (volcano) , a volcano in Chile Cerro Colorado Formation , west of Chile Chico in Chilean Patagonia Cerro Colorado District , a district in Arequipa, Peru Cerro Colorado, a burial site of the Paracas culture in Peru; see Paracas National Reserve § Protected status Cerro Colorado, officially Alejandro Gallinal , in Uruguay [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

81-650: A role in the solubilization of heavy metal sulfides. Many important metal ores are sulfides. Significant examples include: argentite ( silver sulfide), cinnabar ( mercury sulfide), galena ( lead sulfide), molybdenite ( molybdenum sulfide), pentlandite ( nickel sulfide), realgar ( arsenic sulfide), and stibnite ( antimony sulfide), sphalerite ( zinc sulfide), and pyrite ( iron disulfide), and chalcopyrite ( iron - copper sulfide). This sulfide minerals recorded information (like isotopes ) of their surrounding environment during their formation. Scientists use these minerals to study environments in

108-536: A significant part of the basin's mining and mineralogical activities were concentrated at Cerro Colorado, in contrast to the decline of other deposits. In 1978 the management of the mines was taken over by Río Tinto Minera (RTM), a subsidiary of the Explosivos Río Tinto group. Cerro Colorado was, in the early 1980s, one of the main copper mines on the European continent. The mineralurgical process

135-448: A sulfide burns it produces sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) gas. Hydrogen sulfide, some of its salts, and almost all organic sulfides have a strong and putrid stench; rotting biomass releases these. The systematic names sulfanediide and sulfide(2−) , valid IUPAC names, are determined according to the substitutive and additive nomenclatures, respectively. The name sulfide is also used in compositional IUPAC nomenclature which does not take

162-475: Is a complicated process. Depending on the conditions, the oxidation can produce elemental sulfur, polysulfides , polythionates , sulfite , or sulfate . Metal sulfides react with halogens , forming sulfur and metal salts. Aqueous solutions of transition metals cations react with sulfide sources (H 2 S, NaHS, Na 2 S) to precipitate solid sulfides. Such inorganic sulfides typically have very low solubility in water, and many are related to minerals with

189-585: Is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S or a compound containing one or more S ions. Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. Sulfide also refers to large families of inorganic and organic compounds , e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide . Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and bisulfide (SH ) are the conjugate acids of sulfide. The sulfide ion does not exist in aqueous alkaline solutions of Na 2 S. Instead sulfide converts to hydrosulfide: Upon treatment with an acid, sulfide salts convert to hydrogen sulfide : Oxidation of sulfide

216-465: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cerro Colorado mining deposit The Cerro Colorado deposit began to be exploited in the late 1960s, after the Riotinto mines had been taken over by Spanish capitalists. It soon became one of the main centres of mining activity in the basin, with the construction of several industrial facilities for

243-428: Is divided into three cuts composed of up to four concentrations of massive sulphides : Corta Filón Norte (also known as Cerro Colorado Oeste), Corta Filón Sur , Cerro Salomón and Quebrantahuesos (Corta Cerro Colorado Este). In addition to the latter, to the east are two concentrations called Planes and San Antonio , which Atalaya Mining is studying for exploitation. Another large independent adjacent concentration to

270-557: Is emitted in the air and oxidized in sulfuric acid by sulfur oxidizing bacteria. Biogenic sulfuric acid reacts with sewerage materials and most generally causes mass loss, cracking of the sewer pipes and ultimately, structural collapse. This kind of deterioration is a major process affecting sewer systems worldwide and leading to very high rehabilitation costs. Oxidation of sulfide can also form thiosulfate ( S 2 O 3 ), an intermediate species responsible for severe problems of pitting corrosion of steel and stainless steel while

297-492: Is one of the largest open pit mines in Europe and has been one of the largest massive sulphide deposits in the world with 500 million tonnes of ore, more than 250 million of which are still unexploited. The Cerro Colorado deposit currently covers an area of 4.2 km , has a maximum length of 2020 metres, a width of 850 metres and reaches 230 metres at its deepest point. Cerro Colorado is a complex, irregularly shaped mine, which

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324-718: The deep sea or in the Earth's past. Dissolved free sulfides (H 2 S, HS and S ) are very aggressive species for the corrosion of many metals such as steel, stainless steel, and copper. Sulfides present in aqueous solution are responsible for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of steel, and is also known as sulfide stress cracking . Corrosion is a major concern in many industrial installations processing sulfides: sulfide ore mills, deep oil wells , pipelines transporting soured oil and Kraft paper factories. Microbially-induced corrosion (MIC) or biogenic sulfide corrosion are also caused by sulfate reducing bacteria producing sulfide that

351-555: The end of that year, phase 2 of maximum production was established, some 45,000 tonnes of concentrate to follow during the first three years of operation (2016–2019). From 2020, production is set at 15 million tonnes of ore and 55,000 tonnes of concentrate. The mining stripping equipment consists of the following: 37°42′14″N 6°35′02″W  /  37.704°N 6.584°W  / 37.704; -6.584 Sulfide Sulfide (also sulphide in British English )

378-413: The exploitation, but none of them were successful. It was not until 2007, due to rising metal prices, that EMED Mining (now known as Atalaya Mining plc ) planned to reopen and exploit the site. In 2015, the company was granted a mining permit, and in 2016 it began commercial production and sale of its copper concentrates. The project originally had a 14-year life with reserves of 606,000 tonnes. However,

405-426: The medium is also acidified by the production of sulfuric acid when oxidation is more advanced. In organic chemistry , "sulfide" usually refers to the linkage C–S–C, although the term thioether is less ambiguous. For example, the thioether dimethyl sulfide is CH 3 –S–CH 3 . Polyphenylene sulfide (see below) has the empirical formula C 6 H 4 S. Occasionally, the term sulfide refers to molecules containing

432-565: The mineral reserves of the deposit increased with respect to the initial estimates due to the research work carried out in old mines in the area, such as Filón Sur, Quebrantahuesos or Cerro Salomón. During the 1980s, the mining crisis particularly affected the Riotinto basin, which saw many mines closed. The exception was Cerro Colorado. In 1995 the deposit passed into the hands of the labour corporation Minas de Río Tinto (MRT), which kept it in operation for several years. The cessation of activity

459-399: The other hand consists of S 2 , or S–S dianion, in association with divalent iron in the formal +2 oxidation state (ferrous ion: Fe ). Dimethyldisulfide has the chemical binding CH 3 –S–S–CH 3 , whereas carbon disulfide has no S–S bond, being S=C=S (linear molecule analog to CO 2 ). Most often in sulfur chemistry and in biochemistry, the disulfide term is commonly ascribed to

486-472: The reserves were subsequently increased to 702,000 tonnes and the project life increased to 16.5 years (13.8 years with the expansion to 15 Mtpa). With the current proven and probable reserves, Cerro Colorado will be 2400 m long, 1250 m wide and have a maximum depth of 335 m when it reaches the end of its life. In the first phase, throughout 2016, the plant had the capacity to treat between 5 and 7.5 million tonnes of ore per year (37,500 tonnes of concentrate). At

513-510: The same composition (see below). One famous example is the bright yellow species CdS or " cadmium yellow ". The black tarnish formed on sterling silver is Ag 2 S. Such species are sometimes referred to as salts. In fact, the bonding in transition metal sulfides is highly covalent, which gives rise to their semiconductor properties, which in turn is related to the deep colors. Several have practical applications as pigments, in solar cells, and as catalysts. The fungus Aspergillus niger plays

540-432: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cerro_Colorado&oldid=1215242973 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

567-500: The sulfur analogue of the peroxide –O–O– bond. The disulfide bond (–S–S–) plays a major role in the conformation of proteins and in the catalytic activity of enzymes . Sulfide compounds can be prepared in several different ways: Many metal sulfides are so insoluble in water that they are probably not very toxic. Some metal sulfides, when exposed to a strong mineral acid , including gastric acids , will release toxic hydrogen sulfide . Organic sulfides are highly flammable. When

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594-703: The treatment of materials. The extraction work continued until its closure in 2001, due to the low economic profitability of its exploitation. However, since 2015 the deposit has been operational again. Cerro Colorado is one of the open-pit mines that make up the Minas de Riotinto mining complex, in addition to the Corta Atalaya . It is located within the Iberian Pyrite Belt , in the province of Huelva , about 74 km from Huelva , 65 km from Seville and 500 km from Madrid . Cerro Colorado

621-540: The west is Masa San Dionisio , which is the unmined part of Corta Atalaya . In total they host some 71 million sulphides (0.77 million tonnes of copper and 1.18 million tonnes of zinc). In 2016, the Cerro Colorado deposit had a total of 258 million tonnes of ore and 1.02 million tonnes of copper. The Spanish Rio Tinto Mining Company took control of the Rio Tinto mining basin in 1954. Within this area there

648-478: The –SH functional group . For example, methyl sulfide can mean CH 3 –SH. The preferred descriptor for such SH-containing compounds is thiol or mercaptan, i.e. methanethiol, or methyl mercaptan. Confusion arises from the different meanings of the term " disulfide ". Molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) consists of separated sulfide centers, in association with molybdenum in the formal +4 oxidation state (that is, Mo and two S ). Iron disulfide ( pyrite , FeS 2 ) on

675-492: Was an unexploited deposit, Cerro Colorado, whose mass consisted of low-grade copper ores and was covered by a gossan overburden. This ferruginous overburden contained significant amounts of gold and silver, while the stockwork mineralisation had a high copper content. In 1966, the Rio Tinto Patiño company was formed to explore and mine Cerro Colorado, with the first work commencing in 1967. From 1968 onwards,

702-420: Was carried out in an industrial unit that was built in the area to obtain gold and silver through the gossan obtained from Cerro Colorado. Copper and gossan were processed in similar units, albeit separately. The copper concentrate obtained was sent by truck to Huelva. The waste resulting from this operation was condensed in order to recover the water, which in turn was redirected to a nearby dam . Over time,

729-439: Was due to the then low price of copper on the international markets, which made its profitability unviable. After several years with losses in the millions of dollars, Cerro Colorado ceased operations in 2001. The Cerro Colorado complex was virtually abandoned since 2001, with no maintenance work being carried out, and the deposits were flooded. This situation continued for years. At that time, there were several attempts to restart

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