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30-687: Neighboring districts are (from the south clockwise): Tha Chang and Kapoe of Ranong province ; Phato of Chumphon province , and Tha Chana in Surat Thani. To the east is the Gulf of Thailand , with Cape Sui marking the northern end of the Bandon Bay . The eastern part of the district consists of mostly flat low coastal areas, while to the west are the mountains of the Phuket mountain range , including Kaeng Krung National Park . Laem Pho Beach in

60-411: A dialect continuum . Thai language is spoken by over 69 million people (2020). Moreover, most Thais in the northern (Lanna) and the northeastern (Isan) parts of the country today are bilingual speakers of Central Thai and their respective regional dialects because Central Thai is the language of television, education, news reporting, and all forms of media. A recent research found that the speakers of

90-565: A second language among the country's minority ethnic groups from the mid-late Ayutthaya period onward. Ethnic minorities today are predominantly bilingual, speaking Thai alongside their native language or dialect. Standard Thai is classified as one of the Chiang Saen languages—others being Northern Thai , Southern Thai and numerous smaller languages, which together with the Northwestern Tai and Lao-Phutai languages, form

120-533: A four-way distinction among stops and affricates . The maximal four-way occurred in labials ( /p pʰ b ʔb/ ) and denti-alveolars ( /t tʰ d ʔd/ ); the three-way distinction among velars ( /k kʰ ɡ/ ) and palatals ( /tɕ tɕʰ dʑ/ ), with the glottalized member of each set apparently missing. The major change between old and modern Thai was due to voicing distinction losses and the concomitant tone split . This may have happened between about 1300 and 1600 CE, possibly occurring at different times in different parts of

150-430: A revered Buddhist teacher. In 1959 the temple was relocated to the present 380 rai (150 acres; 0.61 km) site. These temples are believed to have been used to store rice in large quantities, due to the invading Japanese . These large Buddhist rice temples are rare in the region and only one has been officially labeled as a rice storage temple. Although, the capital district ( Amphoe mueang ) of Surat Thani province

180-577: A subordinate of Phum Riang district . It was upgraded to a full district on 1 August 1938. The district extends from the coast to the Bandon Bay in the east to the ridges of the Phuket mountain range , which forms the boundary between the provinces Surat Thani and Ranong. Located in these hills is the Kaeng Krung National Park . The district is crossed by the southern railway , as well as Asian highway AH2 . The district

210-530: A syllable that formerly began with a voiceless consonant (including glottalized stops). An additional complication is that formerly voiceless unaspirated stops/affricates (original /p t k tɕ ʔb ʔd/ ) also caused original tone 1 to lower, but had no such effect on original tones 2 or 3. The above consonant mergers and tone splits account for the complex relationship between spelling and sound in modern Thai. Modern "low"-class consonants were voiced in Old Thai, and

240-627: Is Bandon district , the local Surat Thani people generally refer to this district as the capital district and refer to Bandon district as little China of the province. Chaiya is on the southern railway line, Chaiya Railway Station is the main railway station of the district. Asian highway AH2 ( Thailand Route 41 ) also passes the city. Chaiya district is divided into nine sub-districts ( tambons ). These are further divided into 54 villages ( mubans ). There are three sub-district municipalities ( thesaban tambons ): Talat Chaiya includes most of tambon Talat Chaiya and parts of Lamet; Phumriang

270-576: Is a Tai language of the Kra–Dai language family spoken by the Central Thai , Mon , Lao Wiang , Phuan people in Central Thailand and the vast majority of Thai Chinese enclaves throughout the country. It is the sole official language of Thailand . Thai is the most spoken of over 60 languages of Thailand by both number of native and overall speakers. Over half of its vocabulary

300-649: Is centered on a reconstructed stupa in Srivijaya-style. The nearby branch of the National Museum has several relics of that time on display. Two more former stupas nearby are now only brick mounds. Inscription 23, as it was labeled by Prince Damrong in his Collected Inscriptions of Siam , is now attributed to Wat Hua Wiang in Chaiya. Dated to the year 697 of the Mahasakkarat era (i.e., 775 CE),

330-523: Is derived from or borrowed from Pali , Sanskrit , Mon and Old Khmer . It is a tonal and analytic language . Thai has a complex orthography and system of relational markers . Spoken Thai, depending on standard sociolinguistic factors such as age, gender, class, spatial proximity, and the urban/rural divide, is partly mutually intelligible with Lao , Isan , and some fellow Thai topolects . These languages are written with slightly different scripts, but are linguistically similar and effectively form

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360-516: Is divided into six sub-districts ( tambons ), which in turn are subdivided into 46 villages ( mubans ). Each of the tambons is administered by a tambon administrative organization (TAO). Tha Chang itself has township ( thesaban tambon ) status and covers parts of tambons Tha Chang and Khao Than. This Surat Thani Province location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Thai language Thai , or Central Thai (historically Siamese ; Thai: ภาษาไทย ),

390-466: The Northern Thai language (also known as Phasa Mueang or Kham Mueang) have become so few, as most people in northern Thailand now invariably speak Standard Thai, so that they are now using mostly Central Thai words and only seasoning their speech with the "Kham Mueang" accent. Standard Thai is based on the register of the educated classes by Central Thai and ethnic minorities in the area along

420-521: The Southwestern branch of Tai languages . The Tai languages are a branch of the Kra–Dai language family , which encompasses a large number of indigenous languages spoken in an arc from Hainan and Guangxi south through Laos and Northern Vietnam to the Cambodian border. Standard Thai is the principal language of education and government and spoken throughout Thailand. The standard is based on

450-555: The Khmer system first before the Thai borrowed. Old Thai had a three-way tone distinction on "live syllables" (those not ending in a stop), with no possible distinction on "dead syllables" (those ending in a stop, i.e. either /p/, /t/, /k/ or the glottal stop that automatically closes syllables otherwise ending in a short vowel). There was a two-way voiced vs. voiceless distinction among all fricative and sonorant consonants, and up to

480-491: The Thai-speaking area. All voiced–voiceless pairs of consonants lost the voicing distinction: However, in the process of these mergers, the former distinction of voice was transferred into a new set of tonal distinctions. In essence, every tone in Old Thai split into two new tones, with a lower-pitched tone corresponding to a syllable that formerly began with a voiced consonant, and a higher-pitched tone corresponding to

510-545: The dialect of the central Thai people, and it is written in the Thai script . Hlai languages Kam-Sui languages Kra languages Be language Northern Tai languages Central Tai languages Khamti language Tai Lue language Shan language others Northern Thai language Thai language Southern Thai language Tai Yo language Phuthai language Lao language (PDR Lao, Isan language ) Thai has undergone various historical sound changes. Some of

540-501: The district is thought to have been a Srivijaya Kingdom seaport in the 7th to 13th centuries. Srivijaya was a Malay city-state that grew to become an influential maritime power in what is now Southeast Asia . Tang dynasty (7th–10th centuries) ceramics have been found in the area as well as pottery from India and glassware from Persia . Similar finds have been made in Ban Thung Tuek, Takua Pa district , Phang Nga province on

570-418: The entire tambon Phumriang; Wiang the entire tambon of Wiang. The other six sub-districts each have a tambon administrative organization as their local government. Tha Chang District, Surat Thani Tha Chang ( Thai : ท่าฉาง , pronounced [tʰâː t͡ɕʰǎːŋ] ) is a district ( amphoe ) in the west of Surat Thani province of southern Thailand . Neighboring districts are Chaiya to

600-455: The inscription on a Bai Sema shaped stone tells about the King of Srivijaya having erected three stupas at that site and possibly the one at Wat Phra Borom That. Another important temple near Chaiya is Wat Suan Mohkha Phalaram (also known by the short name Suan Mok, or Wat Than Nam Lai 'Monastery of Flowing Water'), a forest temple. The temple was founded in 1932 by Phra Buddhadasa (1906–1993),

630-528: The local patois as pronounced in Guangdong Ayutthaya , the old capital of Thailand from 1351 - 1767 A.D., was from the beginning a bilingual society, speaking Thai and Khmer . Bilingualism must have been strengthened and maintained for some time by the great number of Khmer-speaking captives the Thais took from Angkor Thom after their victories in 1369, 1388 and 1431. Gradually toward the end of

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660-551: The most significant changes occurred during the evolution from Old Thai to modern Thai. The Thai writing system has an eight-century history and many of these changes, especially in consonants and tones, are evidenced in the modern orthography . According to a Chinese source, during the Ming dynasty , Yingya Shenglan (1405–1433), Ma Huan reported on the language of the Xiānluó (暹羅) or Ayutthaya Kingdom, saying that it somewhat resembled

690-457: The north, and to the west the district Kapoe of Ranong province . Bandon Bay to the east, Phunphin district , Vibhavadi and Ban Ta Khun to the south, The minor district ( king amphoe ) was created on 31 July 1908, consisting of tambons Than, Pak Chalui, and Sawiat of Phum Riang District and Tha Khoei, Tha Chang, and Khlong Sai of Phunphin District. The minor district was made

720-574: The other side of the isthmus , 200 km distant, indicating that there may have been an overland route connecting the Gulf of Thailand with the Andaman Seacoast . This route would have enabled traders to avoid piracy in the narrow Strait of Malacca . The name Chaiya might be derived from its original Malay name cahaya , meaning 'light', 'gleam', or 'glow'. Some scholars identify Chai-ya as coming from Sri-vi- ja-ya . Wat Phra Borommathat

750-415: The period, a language shift took place. Khmer fell out of use. Both Thai and Khmer descendants whose great-grand parents or earlier ancestors were bilingual came to use only Thai. In the process of language shift, an abundance of Khmer elements were transferred into Thai and permeated all aspects of the language. Consequently, the Thai of the late Ayutthaya Period which later became Ratanakosin or Bangkok Thai,

780-575: The ring surrounding the Metropolis . In addition to Central Thai, Thailand is home to other related Tai languages . Although most linguists classify these dialects as related but distinct languages, native speakers often identify them as regional variants or dialects of the "same" Thai language, or as "different kinds of Thai". As a dominant language in all aspects of society in Thailand, Thai initially saw gradual and later widespread adoption as

810-492: The royal vocabulary according to their immediate environment. Thai and Pali, the latter from Theravada Buddhism, were added to the vocabulary. An investigation of the Ayutthaya Rajasap reveals that three languages, Thai, Khmer and Khmero-Indic were at work closely both in formulaic expressions and in normal discourse. In fact, Khmero-Indic may be classified in the same category as Khmer because Indic had been adapted to

840-535: The terminology "low" reflects the lower tone variants that resulted. Modern "mid"-class consonants were voiceless unaspirated stops or affricates in Old Thai—precisely the class that triggered lowering in original tone 1 but not tones 2 or 3. Modern "high"-class consonants were the remaining voiceless consonants in Old Thai (voiceless fricatives, voiceless sonorants, voiceless aspirated stops). The three most common tone "marks" (the lack of any tone mark, as well as

870-423: The two marks termed mai ek and mai tho ) represent the three tones of Old Thai, and the complex relationship between tone mark and actual tone is due to the various tonal changes since then. Since the tone split, the tones have changed in actual representation to the point that the former relationship between lower and higher tonal variants has been completely obscured. Furthermore, the six tones that resulted after

900-453: Was a thorough mixture of Thai and Khmer. There were more Khmer words in use than Tai cognates. Khmer grammatical rules were used actively to coin new disyllabic and polysyllabic words and phrases. Khmer expressions, sayings, and proverbs were expressed in Thai through transference. Thais borrowed both the Royal vocabulary and rules to enlarge the vocabulary from Khmer. The Thais later developed

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