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106-649: The Chicago Sun-Times is a daily nonprofit newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Since 2022, it is the flagship paper of Chicago Public Media , and has long held the second largest circulation among Chicago newspapers, after the Chicago Tribune . The Sun-Times resulted from the 1948 merger of the Chicago Sun and the Chicago Daily Times newspapers. Journalists at

212-586: A creative commons license by States Newsroom to supplement their local reporting without having to pay for subscriptions to the Associated Press. ProPublica’s Richard Tofel argues that investigative reporting will never become obsolete, as it increasingly competes with declining mainstream media that focuses on daily politics. Philanthrojournalism has provided an alternative business model to for-profit journalism. By mostly being digital natives with less reliance on ads, nonprofit outlets have grown

318-500: A 47-year-old lawyer, teacher and daughter of Ruth Crowley, who had been the original Ann Landers columnist from 1943 until 1955. Crowley left to return to the practice of law in 1993 and the paper decided not to renew Zaslow's contract in 2001. By the summer of 1988, Page and Adler & Shaykin managing partner Leonard P. Shaykin had developed a conflict, and in August 1988, Page resigned as publisher and president and sold his interest in

424-514: A chain of 12 south and southwest suburban papers published twice weekly, for an undisclosed sum. In December 1986, the Sun-Times hired high-profile gossip columnist Michael Sneed away from the rival Chicago Tribune , where she had been co-authoring the Tribune ' s own "Inc." gossip column with Kathy O'Malley. On December 3, 1986, O'Malley led off the Tribune ' s "Inc." column with

530-534: A column Banks had been writing, prompting Banks to tell a friend at the Chicago Defender that Grizzard was a racist. After the friend wrote a story about it, Grizzard fired Banks. With that, the editorial employees union intervened, a federal arbitrator ruled for Banks, and 13 months later he got his job back. A 25-part series on the Mirage Tavern , a saloon on Wells Street bought and operated by

636-449: A daily Wingo girl, a pinup in a bikini promoting a cash giveaway. The Sun-Times , which had been placing above the Tribune in lists of the 10 best U.S. newspapers, never took that great step it was poised for. Murdoch sold the paper in 1986 (to buy its former sister television station WFLD to launch the Fox network ) for $ 145 million in cash in a leveraged buyout to an investor group led by

742-580: A dependence by nonprofit organizations. Bob Feldman (2007) added that the processes used to gain such funding are modeled in “safe, legalistic, bureaucratic activities and mild reformism” and creates a “climate of secrecy” as the foundations domesticate their agendas. Many organizations cooperate with for-profit media and even subsidize investigations to use their broad networks for their news stories. Most print and broadcast commercial outlets have expressed openness to collaborating with nonprofit partners, especially around investigative journalism. In some cases,

848-434: A factor," she told the Tribune . "The station showed a commitment to investigative journalism. It was something I wanted to try." Pete Souza left the Sun-Times in 1983 to become official White House photographer for President Ronald Reagan until his second term's end in 1989. Souza returned to that position to be the official photographer for President Barack Obama . Baseball writer Jerome Holtzman defected from

954-474: A few cases, like umpires, they wear caps without logos. (Executives are not depicted wearing caps.) Additionally, as of 2015, inductee biographies on the Hall's website for all players and managers, and executives who were associated with specific teams, list a "primary team", which does not necessarily match the cap logo. The Hall selects the logo "based on where that player makes his most indelible mark." Although

1060-587: A few years of its founding. The number of nonprofit investigative reporting centers has grown from only three in the late 1980s to dozens in the 2020s, with centers originating in countries such as Romania , the Philippines , Jordan , and South Africa . Four global conferences on investigative journalism since 2000 have attracted some 2,000 journalists from more than 50 countries. There have been many initiatives to increase transparency and accountability in funding to improve editorial independence. For example,

1166-805: A large number of donors could also increase competition and therefore the need for credibility and transparency for both donors and the investigative centers. Many organizations, such as ProPublica , are publishing the salary of their journalists as well as the center sources of revenue on their websites. Many centers, such as the Voice of San Diego, are also utilizing hybrid models of philanthropy and private sector revenue combinations. The Bay Citizen , for example, bases its funds on four sources of revenue. Sustainability has been an expressed concern for some. Mike Caulfield and Sam Wineburg in their 2023 book about online media literacy , caution that nonprofit status (and .org domains) should not be used as evidence that

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1272-415: A manager and sportswriter) had first approached the idea of making a memorial to the great players of the past in what was believed to have been the birthplace of baseball: Cooperstown, New York , but the idea did not muster much momentum until after his death in 1925. In 1934, the idea for establishing a Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum was devised by several individuals, such as Ford C. Frick (president of

1378-581: A member of the Chicago Sun sports department after first being a copy boy for the Daily News in the 1940s. He and Edgar Munzel , another longtime sportswriter for the paper, both would end up honored by the Baseball Hall of Fame . Famed for his World War II exploits, two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist Bill Mauldin made the Sun-Times his home base in 1962. The following year, Mauldin drew one of his most renowned illustrations, depicting

1484-487: A mourning statue of Abraham Lincoln after the November 1963 assassination of John F. Kennedy . Two years out of college, Roger Ebert became a staff writer in 1966, and a year later was named Sun-Times ' s film critic. He continued in this role for the remainder of his life. In 1975, a new sports editor at the Sun-Times , Lewis Grizzard , spiked some columns written by sportswriter Lacy J. Banks and took away

1590-410: A new post, associate managing editor for national news, while Adee, who had been the Sun-Times sports editor for nine years, became the Tribune ' s sports editor/news. In October 2003, Sun-Times gossip columnist Irv Kupcinet began including the name of his longtime assistant of nearly 34 years, Stella Foster , as the coauthor of his column. After Kupcinet died the following month at age 91,

1696-463: A significant niche. In 2009, mainstream media faced a revenue decline of up to 25 to 30 percent. Commercial media has faced a huge financial collapse and has therefore been forced to lay off many reporters and the reduce the size or completely shut down its foreign bureaus . Nonprofit news outlets often hire experienced journalists who have left their mainstream media careers. A PEW research study in 2010 reveals that while demand for substantive news

1802-470: A special election at the 1939 Winter Meetings in Cincinnati, specifically to elect Gehrig (most likely because it was known that he was terminally ill , making it uncertain that he would live long enough to see another election). Nobody else was on that ballot, and the numerical results have never been made public. Since no elections were held in 1940 or 1941, the special election permitted Gehrig to enter

1908-452: A study on the "big three" US-based foundations – Ford , Rockefeller and Carnegie – and revealed that they play the role of unofficial planning agencies, have a very US-centric model, and utilize a very "elitist, technocratic approach to social change." Likewise, Sean Stannard-Stockton, claims that in addition to maintaining the status quo, many foundations use “hard power” to “shape events by providing or withdrawing grants” thereby creating

2014-551: A temporary home until it could rebuild. Though much of the assets of the Journal were sold to the Chicago Daily News in 1929, its last owner Samuel Emory Thomason also immediately launched the tabloid Chicago Daily Illustrated Times from the same editorial offices of the discontinued Journal . The modern paper grew out of the 1948 merger of the Chicago Sun , founded by Marshall Field III on December 4, 1941, and

2120-681: Is high, the commercial press has not been fulfilling its social responsibility role, especially in terms of investigative journalism. For example, in Los Angeles news outlets, only 1.9% of a 30-minute newscast was devoted to civic affairs, and 3.3% of Los Angeles Times news reporting was devoted to local government news. Moreover, readers are increasingly choosing internet-based news as a source of information over print news. Nonprofits, unlike mainstream media, have tended to be greater pioneers of civic journalism, as they focus most of their news on civic affairs. Major nonprofit news outlets, such as

2226-688: Is increasingly bringing them closer to younger generations. Rebecca Nee (2011) argues that philanthrojournalism could become an alternative to mainstream media . Nee emphasizes the decreasing role of mainstream news media, as she cites the 2010 State of the News Media report, which claimed that circulation had dropped by one quarter since the 21st century. Nee also adds that the digital revolution has fuelled an increasing number of readers to opt for online newspaper , allowing many digitally-native nonprofit investigative outlets to thrive in their area of digital expertise. Nonprofit news outlets are slightly in

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2332-542: Is listed as the Angels despite playing one fewer season for that team than for the Astros. In 2001, the Hall of Fame decided to change the policy on cap logo selection, as a result of rumors that some teams were offering compensation, such as number retirement, money, or organizational jobs, in exchange for the cap designation. (For example, though Wade Boggs denied the claims, some media reports had said that his contract with

2438-573: Is the current chairman of the board of directors.) The erroneous claim that Civil War hero Abner Doubleday invented baseball in Cooperstown was instrumental in the early marketing of the Hall. An expanded library and research facility opened in 1994. Dale Petroskey became the organization's president in 1999. In 2002, the Hall launched Baseball as America , a traveling exhibit that toured ten American museums over six years. The Hall of Fame has since also sponsored educational programming on

2544-496: The Chicago Daily Times (which had dropped the "Illustrated" from its title) published from 1929 to 1948. The newspaper was owned by Field Enterprises , controlled by the Marshall Field family , which acquired the afternoon Chicago Daily News in 1959 and launched WFLD television in 1966. When the Daily News ended its run in 1978, much of its staff, including Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist Mike Royko , were moved to

2650-403: The 2009 election process ; the main committee did not select a player, while the panel for pre–World War II players elected Joe Gordon in its first and ultimately only vote. The main committee voted as part of the election process for inductions in odd-numbered years, while the pre-World War II panel would vote every five years, and the panel for umpires, managers, and executives voted as part of

2756-657: The Cincinnati Reds when he was their manager in the 1980s. (Baseball's Rule 21, prominently posted in every clubhouse locker room, mandates permanent banishment from MLB for having a gambling interest of any sort on a game in which a player or manager is directly involved.) Rose later admitted that he bet on the Reds in his 2004 autobiography . Baseball fans are deeply split on the issue of whether these two should remain banned or have their punishment revoked. Writer Bill James , though he advocates Rose eventually making it into

2862-467: The Institute for Nonprofit News (INN), formed in 2009, is a network of hundreds of nonprofit news organizations that must meet their journalistic standards . The proliferation of investigative journalism centers ranges from state-oriented initiatives to local grassroots-based initiatives. The state or region-based model often benefits from sustainability based on reliable funding from foundations in

2968-640: The National League ) and Alexander Cleland, a Scottish immigrant who decided to serve as the first executive secretary for the Museum for the next seven years that worked with the interests of the Village and Major League Baseball . Stephen Carlton Clark (a Cooperstown native) paid for the construction of the museum, which was planned to open in 1939 to mark the "Centennial of Baseball", which included renovations to Doubleday Field. William Beattie served as

3074-583: The Negro leagues have also been considered at various times, beginning in 1971. In 2005, the Hall completed a study on African American players between the late 19th century and the integration of the major leagues in 1947, and conducted a special election for such players in February 2006; seventeen figures from the Negro leagues were chosen in that election, in addition to the eighteen previously selected. Following

3180-487: The Pew Research Center 's Journalism Project studied 46 national-level nonprofit investigative organizations created after 2005, examining their transparency, political bias, number of revenue streams and productivity. The study showed that, within that time period, the news organizations which have multiple funding sources and are transparent about funding have a more balanced ideological perspective. Out of

3286-400: The Sun-Times announced that beginning April 2, 1995, veteran Sports Illustrated writer Rick Telander would join the paper and write four columns a week. On March 24, 1995, the Sun-Times published an editorial by Mark Hornung, then the Sun-Times' editorial page editor, that plagiarized a Washington Post editorial that had appeared in that paper the day before. Hornung attributed

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3392-587: The Sun-Times around the age of 77. Newman, who died of lung cancer in 2001, had been with the Sun-Times since the Chicago Daily News closed in 1978 and had focused his efforts on urban reporting. Among other things, Newman had been known for coining the term "Big John" to describe the John Hancock Center and the expression "Fortress Illini" for the concrete structures and plazas at the University of Illinois at Chicago . On March 23, 1995,

3498-408: The Sun-Times fired photographer Bob Black without severance for dozens of unauthorized uses of the company's Federal Express account and outside photo lab, going back more than three years and costing the company more than $ 1,400. In February 1994, however, Black rejoined the paper's payroll after an arbitrator agreed with the paper's union that dismissal was too severe a penalty. At the same time,

3604-555: The Sun-Times in 1977, exposed a pattern of civic corruption and bribery, as city officials were investigated and photographed without their knowledge. The articles received considerable publicity and acclaim, but a nomination for the Pulitzer Prize met resistance from some who believed the Mirage series represented a form of entrapment. In March 1978, the venerable afternoon publication the Chicago Daily News , sister paper of

3710-588: The Sun-Times in the spring of 1983 to try his hand at TV. He joined Chicago's WLS-TV in September 1983. In July 1981, prominent Sun-Times investigative reporter Pam Zekman , who had been part of a Pulitzer Prize-winning team with the Chicago Tribune in 1976, announced she was leaving the Sun-Times to join WBBM-TV in Chicago in August 1981 as chief of its new investigative unit. "Salary wasn't

3816-715: The Sun-Times kept Foster on and gave her the sole byline on the column, which became known as "Stella's Column." Foster retired from the newspaper in 2012. In 2004, the Sun-Times was censured by the Audit Bureau of Circulations for misrepresenting its circulation figures. In February 2004, longtime Sun-Times political columnist Steve Neal died at his home in Hinsdale, Illinois , at age 54, of an apparent suicide. Non-profit journalism The term philanthrojournalism has appeared in British sources and emphasizes

3922-412: The Sun-Times new editors, Michael Cooke and John Cruickshank , tapped longtime staff reporter Mark Brown, who had considered himself an investigative reporter, to write a column that would anchor page two of the paper. In 2000, longtime investigative reporter Charles Nicodemus retired from the paper at age 69 and died in 2008 at age 77. In 2001, Sun-Times investigative reporter Chuck Neubauer quit

4028-534: The Sun-Times to the Tribune in late 1981, while Mike Downey also left Sun-Times sports in September 1981 to be a columnist at the Detroit Free Press . In January 1984, noted Sun-Times business reporter James Warren quit to join the rival Chicago Tribune . He became the Tribune ' s Washington bureau chief and later its managing editor for features. In 1984, Field Enterprises co-owners, half-brothers Marshall Field V and Ted Field , sold

4134-471: The Sun-Times , went out of business. The two newspapers shared the same ownership and office building. James F. Hoge, Jr. , editor and publisher of the Daily News, assumed the same positions at the Sun-Times , which also retained a number of the Daily News ' s editorial personnel. In 1980, the Sun-Times hired syndicated TV columnist Gary Deeb away from the rival Chicago Tribune . Deeb then left

4240-485: The Sun-Times . During the Field period, the newspaper had a populist, progressive character that leaned Democratic but was independent of the city's Democratic establishment. Although the graphic style was urban tabloid, the paper was well regarded for journalistic quality and did not rely on sensational front-page stories. It also typically ran articles from The Washington Post / Los Angeles Times wire service. Among

4346-430: The Sun-Times' newsroom and held without bond after confessing to using his position to set up sexual encounters for male high school athletes. Anding was charged with aggravated criminal sexual assault and possession of child pornography. In September 1993, Anding pleaded guilty to arranging and videotaping sexual encounters with several teenage boys and fondling others. He was sentenced to 40 years in prison. In 1993,

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4452-480: The Tampa Bay Devil Rays required him to request depiction in the Hall of Fame as a Devil Ray.) The Hall decided that it would no longer defer to the inductee, though the player's wishes would be considered, when deciding on the logo to appear on the plaque. Newly elected members affected by the change include the following: Sam Crane (who had played a decade in 19th century baseball before becoming

4558-665: The United States House of Representatives by Rep. Richard Hanna , a Republican from New York, and passed the House on October 26, 2011. The coins, which depict baseball gloves and balls, are the first concave designs produced by the Mint. The mintage included 50,000 gold coins, 400,000 silver coins, and 750,000 clad (nickel-copper) coins. The Mint released them on March 27, 2014, and the gold and silver editions quickly sold out. The Hall receives money from surcharges included in

4664-540: The Veterans Committee , which now consists of four subcommittees, each of which considers and votes for candidates from a separate era of baseball. Five years after retirement, any player with 10 years of major league experience who passes a screening committee (which removes from consideration players of clearly lesser qualification) is eligible to be elected by BBWAA members with 10 years' membership or more who also have been actively covering MLB at any time in

4770-438: The "Ann Landers" column and written at that point by Eppie Lederer ) left the Sun-Times after 31 years to jump to the rival Chicago Tribune , effective March 15, 1987. The move sparked a nationwide hunt for a new advice columnist for the Sun-Times . After more than 12,000 responses from people aged 4 to 85, the paper ultimately hired two: Jeffrey Zaslow , then a 28-year-old Wall Street Journal reporter, and Diane Crowley,

4876-449: The 10 years preceding the election (the latter requirement was added for the 2016 election). From a final ballot typically including 25–40 candidates, each writer may vote for up to 10 players; until the late 1950s, voters were advised to cast votes for the maximum 10 candidates. Any player named on 75% or more of all ballots cast is elected. A player who is named on fewer than 5% of ballots is dropped from future elections. In some instances,

4982-406: The 2010 changes, Negro leagues figures were primarily considered for induction alongside other figures from the 1871–1946 era, called the "Pre-Integration Era" by the Hall; since 2016, Negro leagues figures are primarily considered alongside other figures from what the Hall calls the "Early Baseball" era (1871–1949). Predictably, the selection process catalyzes endless debate among baseball fans over

5088-702: The Center for Public Integrity, ProPublica and the Center for Investigative Reporting , have won Pulitzer Prizes, which has boosted their fundraising efforts in turn. According to a study, many reporters felt the nonprofit funding model gives them greater freedom to choose stories based on merit and public impact rather than popularity. Unlike mainstream media, which relies more on business strategies, nonprofit news outlets may not need to show their philanthropic funders an immediate return on investment. Their nonprofit status also allows them to be exempted from federal taxes in

5194-544: The Commissioner's Office made reparations, but the negative publicity damaged the Hall of Fame's reputation, and made it more difficult for it to solicit donations. In 2012, Congress passed and President Barack Obama signed a law ordering the United States Mint to produce and sell commemorative, non-circulating coins to benefit the private, non-profit Hall. The bill, H.R. 2527 , was introduced in

5300-413: The Hall always made the final decision on which logo was shown, until 2001 the Hall deferred to the wishes of players or managers whose careers were linked with multiple teams. Some examples of inductees associated with multiple teams are the following: In all of the above cases, the "primary team" is the team for which the inductee spent the largest portion of his career except for Ryan, whose primary team

5406-570: The Hall had been sold on the collectibles market. The items had been lent to the Baseball Commissioner 's office, gotten mixed up with other property owned by the Commissioner's office and employees of the office, and moved to the garage of Joe Reichler , an assistant to Commissioner Bowie Kuhn , who sold the items to resolve his personal financial difficulties. Under pressure from the New York Attorney General,

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5512-532: The Hall of Fame have been inducted posthumously, including four who died after their selection was announced. Of the 39 members primarily recognized for their contributions to Negro league baseball , 31 were inducted posthumously, including all 26 selected since the 1990s. The Hall of Fame includes one female member, Effa Manley . The newest members of the Hall of Fame, inducted on July 21, 2024 , are Adrián Beltré , Todd Helton , Jim Leyland , and Joe Mauer . In 2019, former Yankees closer Mariano Rivera became

5618-487: The Hall of Fame, compared the people who want to put Jackson in the Hall of Fame to "those women who show up at murder trials wanting to marry the cute murderer ". The actions and composition of the Veterans Committee have been at times controversial, with occasional selections of contemporaries and teammates of the committee members over seemingly more worthy candidates. In 2001, the Veterans Committee

5724-606: The Hall while still alive. If a player fails to be elected by the BBWAA within 10 years of his eligibility for election, he may be selected by the Veterans Committee. Following changes to the election process for that body made in 2010 and 2016, the Veterans Committee is now responsible for electing all otherwise eligible candidates who are not eligible for the BBWAA ballot — both long-retired players and non-playing personnel (managers, umpires, and executives). From 2011 to 2016, each candidate could be considered once every three years; now,

5830-567: The Hall, and voted on a reduced number of candidates from among players whose careers began in 1943 or later. Separate committees, including sportswriters and broadcasters, would select umpires, managers and executives, as well as players from earlier eras. In the first election to be held under the 2007 revisions, two managers and three executives were elected in December 2007 as part of the 2008 election process . The next Veterans Committee elections for players were held in December 2008 as part of

5936-437: The Hall. The first five men elected were Ty Cobb , Babe Ruth , Honus Wagner , Christy Mathewson and Walter Johnson , chosen in 1936; roughly 20 more were selected before the entire group was inducted at the Hall's 1939 opening. As of January 2024 , 346 people had been elected to the Hall of Fame, including 274 former professional players, 23 managers, 10 umpires, and 39 pioneers, executives, and organizers. 118 members of

6042-608: The Internet to bring the Hall of Fame to schoolchildren who might not visit. The Hall and Museum completed a series of renovations in spring 2005. The Hall of Fame also presents an annual exhibit at FanFest at the Major League Baseball All-Star Game . Among baseball fans, "Hall of Fame" means not only the museum and facility in Cooperstown, New York, but the pantheon of players, managers , umpires , executives, and pioneers who have been inducted into

6148-715: The US. Many nonprofit centers receive their revenue through a total or partial combination of the following strategies: membership donations, corporate sponsorships or advertising, charging other media for content, providing services such as analyzing and posting date, training students and journalists and creating an endowment . Moreover, unlike mainstream media, which more often than not, continues to utilize print versions, most nonprofit news outlets are digital-born . They can, therefore, focus all their resources on hiring technicians or reporters with greater expertise in digital media . Many are utilizing social media , which, consequently,

6254-487: The arbitrator declined to award Black back pay. In 1993, longtime Sun-Times reporter Larry Weintraub retired after 35 years at the paper. Weintraub had been best known for his "Weintraub's World" column, in which he worked a job and wrote about the experience. Weintraub died in 2001 at age 69. In February 1994, the Adler & Shaykin investor group sold the Sun-Times to Hollinger Inc. for about $ 180 million. Hollinger

6360-416: The ballot at the first election at least six months after his death. Roberto Clemente set the precedent: the writers put him up for consideration after his death on New Year's Eve, 1972, and he was inducted in 1973. The five-year waiting period was established in 1954 after an evolutionary process. In 1936 all players were eligible, including active ones. From the 1937 election until the 1945 election, there

6466-766: The centers had formal arrangements with revenue exchanged, whilst in other cases, collaboration was on a story-by-story basis and did not include revenue, but only a sharing of resources and expenses. For example, ProPublica won a 2010 Pulitzer Prize in collaboration with The New York Times for an investigative report on one hospital’s emergency response to treating flood victims of Hurricane Katrina . The Center for Investigative Reporting also produces print and broadcast reports under contractual agreements with public and commercial media outlets. Many mainstream media outlets have found themselves in need for such collaborations due to their financial struggles. Smaller for-profit outlets have been able to use reporting provided free through

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6572-556: The central point of the history of baseball in the United States and displays baseball-related artifacts and exhibits, honoring those who have excelled in playing , managing , and serving the sport. The Hall's motto is "Preserving History, Honoring Excellence, Connecting Generations". Cooperstown is often used as shorthand (or a metonym ) for the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. The Hall of Fame

6678-401: The city's zoning code and affordable housing issues. In April 2001, longtime Sun-Times horse-racing writer Dave Feldman died at age 85 while still on the payroll. In May 2002, Sun-Times editors Joycelyn Winnecke and Bill Adee , who were then husband and wife, both quit on the same day to join the rival Chicago Tribune . Winnecke had been the Sun-Times managing editor, and she left for

6784-500: The election process for inductions in even-numbered years. Further changes to the Veterans Committee process were announced by the Hall in July 2010, July 2016, and April 2022. Per the latest changes, announced on April 22, 2022, the multiple eras previously utilized were collapsed to three, to be voted on in an annual rotation (one per year): A one-year waiting period beyond potential BBWAA eligibility (which had been abolished in 2016)

6890-515: The environment, the more conservative Watchdog.org , meanwhile, focused on government policies and their inefficiency and waste. Examples of sites with the most balanced coverage included ProPublica and The Texas Tribune , which were also among the most visited in the sample. David Westphal in 2009 expressed support for foundation-funded journalism, but worried that many of the news organizations report based on their funder’s interest areas. Moreover, Robert Arnove and Nadine Pinede (2007) undertook

6996-403: The first curator of the museum. According to the Hall of Fame, approximately 260,000 visitors enter the museum each year, and the running total has surpassed 17 million. These visitors see only a fraction of its 40,000 artifacts, 3 million library items (such as newspaper clippings and photos) and 140,000 baseball cards. The Hall has seen a noticeable decrease in attendance since

7102-628: The first player to be elected unanimously. Derek Jeter , Marvin Miller , Ted Simmons , and Larry Walker were to be inducted in 2020, but their induction ceremony was delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic until September 8, 2021. The ceremony was open to the public, as COVID restrictions had been lifted. Players are currently inducted into the Hall of Fame through election by either the Baseball Writers' Association of America (or BBWAA), or

7208-450: The frequency depends on the era in which an individual made his greatest contributions. A more complete discussion of the new process is available below . From 2008 to 2010, following changes made by the Hall in July 2007, the main Veterans Committee, then made up of living Hall of Famers, voted only on players whose careers began in 1943 or later. These changes also established three separate committees to select other figures: Players of

7314-420: The game. — Ogden Nash , Sport magazine (January 1949) Contrary to popular belief, no formal exception was made for Lou Gehrig (other than to hold a special one-man election for him): there was no waiting period at that time, and Gehrig met all other qualifications, so he would have been eligible for the next regular election after he retired during the 1939 season. However, the BBWAA decided to hold

7420-464: The heading "The Last to Know Dept." and writing, "Dontcha just hate it when you write a gossip column and people think you know all the news about what's going on and your partner gets a new job and your column still has her name on it on the very same day that her new employer announces that she's going to work for him? Yeah, INC. just hates it when that happens." In February 1987, the popular syndicated advice column " Ask Ann Landers " (commonly known as

7526-439: The hope of heightening the value of their own selection. After no one was selected for the third consecutive election in 2007, Hall of Famer Mike Schmidt noted, "The same thing happens every year. The current members want to preserve the prestige as much as possible, and are unwilling to open the doors." In 2007, the committee and its selection processes were again reorganized; the main committee then included all living members of

7632-430: The information presented is reliable. Harry Browne finds that the removal of direct commercial pressures could allow reporters more time to work on a story, by freeing them to pursue less-popular topics and by reducing the likelihood of pressure from an owner or advertiser. Browne also notes that if philanthrojournalism seeks to remain transparent by constantly informing the public about its ultimate source of subsidy and

7738-523: The lead over mainstream media in terms of digital innovation, as they can focus on their resources on doing so. Moreover, Nee argues that the narrow investigative scope of nonprofit news outlets allows them to not waste their resources on a daily journalism agenda. Baseball Hall of Fame The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is a history museum and hall of fame in Cooperstown, New York , operated by private interests. It serves as

7844-446: The level of Jackson or Rose. Jackson and Rose were both banned from MLB for life for actions related to gambling on their own teams—Jackson was determined to have cooperated with those who conspired to intentionally lose the 1919 World Series , and for accepting payment for losing, and Rose voluntarily accepted a permanent spot on the ineligible list in return for MLB's promise to make no official finding in relation to alleged betting on

7950-710: The merits of various candidates. Even players elected years ago remain the subjects of discussions as to whether they deserved election. For example, Bill James ' 1994 book Whatever Happened to the Hall of Fame? goes into detail about who he believes does and does not belong in the Hall of Fame. The selection rules for the Baseball Hall of Fame were modified to prevent the induction of anyone on Baseball's "permanently ineligible" list, such as Pete Rose or "Shoeless Joe" Jackson . Many others have been barred from participation in MLB, but none have Hall of Fame qualifications on

8056-476: The mid-2010s. A 2013 story on ESPN.com about the village of Cooperstown and its relation to the game partially linked the reduced attendance with Cooperstown Dreams Park, a youth baseball complex about 5 miles (8.0 km) away in the town of Hartwick . The 22 fields at Dreams Park currently draw 17,000 players each summer for a week of intensive play; while the complex includes housing for the players, their parents and grandparents must stay elsewhere. According to

8162-571: The most prominent members of the newspaper's staff was cartoonist Jacob Burck , who was hired by the Chicago Times in 1938, won a Pulitzer Prize in 1941 and continued with the paper after it became the Sun-Times , drawing nearly 10,000 cartoons over a 44-year career. The advice column "Ask Ann Landers" debuted in 1943. Ann Landers was the pseudonym of staff writer Ruth Crowley , who answered readers' letters until 1955. Eppie Lederer, sister of " Dear Abby " columnist Abigail van Buren, assumed

8268-629: The nonprofit model. A 2009 American University study revealed that foundations had contributed to approximately $ 128 million to community and investigative reporting nonprofits between 2005 and 2009. Investigative journalism in particular has been described as being a difficult proposition for for-profit organizations, but can thrive when supported by foundations and donors. The defunct Canadian Centre for Investigative Reporting (CCIR) relied heavily on individual donations, which averaged $ 100 to $ 200 and made up 30 to 50 percent of its revenue. The former executive director of CCIR, Bilbo Poynter, argued that

8374-528: The oldest continuously published daily newspaper in the city. That claim is based on the 1844 founding of the Chicago Daily Journal , which was also the first newspaper to publish the rumor, now believed false, that a cow owned by Catherine O'Leary was responsible for the Chicago fire of 1871. The Journal , whose West Side building at 17–19 S. Canal was undamaged, gave the Chicago Tribune

8480-429: The organizations studied, 56% were labelled as ideologically skewed. Likewise, the most ideologically skewed organizations tended to be funded mostly or entirely by one parent organization. More often than not the topics covered on these sites correlated with the political orientation of their donors. For example, while the liberal-oriented American Independent News Network sites favored discussions of organized labor and

8586-406: The paper have received eight Pulitzer Prizes , mostly in the 1970s; one recipient was the first film critic to receive the prize, Roger Ebert (1975), who worked at the paper from 1967 until his death in 2013. Long owned by the Marshall Field family , since the 1980s ownership of the paper has changed hands several times, including twice in the late 2010s. The Chicago Sun-Times has claimed to be

8692-480: The paper to Rupert Murdoch 's News Corporation , and the paper's style changed abruptly to mirror that of its suitemate, the New York Post . Its front pages tended more to the sensational, while its political stance shifted markedly to the right. This was in the era that the Chicago Tribune had begun softening its traditionally staunchly Republican editorial line, blurring the city's clear division between

8798-565: The paper to his fellow investors. In January 1989, the Sun-Times company starts its plans to purchase The Pioneer Press and its 38 different weekly publications. In mid-1991, veteran crime reporter Art Petacque , who had won a Pulitzer Prize in 1974, left the paper. Almost ten years later, Dennis Britton, who had been the paper's editor at the time of Petacque's retirement, told the Chicago Reader that Petacque's departure, which

8904-554: The paper to join the Los Angeles Times ' Washington bureau. Neubauer and Brown had initiated the investigation into U.S. Rep. Dan Rostenkowski that uncovered a variety of misdeeds that ultimately had led to Rostenkowski's indictment, conviction and imprisonment. In April 2001, Sun-Times architecture critic Lee Bey quit to join the administration of then-Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley as Daley's deputy mayoral chief of staff, responsible for downtown planning, rewriting

9010-637: The paper's publisher, Robert E. Page, and the New York investment firm Adler & Shaykin. In 1984, Roger Simon , who had been a Sun-Times columnist for a decade, quit to join The Baltimore Sun , where he worked until 1995. Simon quit the paper because of Murdoch's purchase of it. Beginning in October 1984, Simon's columns from Baltimore began appearing in the rival Chicago Tribune . In November 1986, The Sun-Times acquired Star Publications,

9116-425: The paper's sales figures had been inflated for several years. Hornung resigned from the company four days later. On May 17, 1995, the Sun-Times' food section published a bogus letter from a reader named "Olga Fokyercelf" that Chicago Tribune columnist (and former Sun-Times columnist) Mike Royko called "an imaginative prank" in a column. In that same column, Royko criticized the paper's food writer, who edited

9222-562: The plagiarism to writer's block, deadline pressures and the demands of other duties. He resigned as editorial page editor, but remained with the paper, shifting to its business side and working first as director of distribution and then as vice president of circulation. In 2002, Hornung became president and publisher of Midwest Suburban Publishing, which was a company owned by then- Sun Times parent company Hollinger International. In June 2004, Hollinger International placed Hornung on administrative leave just two weeks after Hollinger revealed that

9328-420: The readers' column at the time, Olivia Wu, for not following better quality control. The Wall Street Journal then criticized Royko with an article of its own, titled, "Has a Curmudgeon Turned Into a Bully? Some Now Think So...Picking on a Food Writer." Although the Sun-Times began hiring a freelancer to edit the space and look for double entendres, another one made it into the same column on July 26, 1995, when

9434-446: The role of foundations. Public service media is a related term that has referred to organizations that receive government funding, starting with radio in the 1920s, and projects like Misplaced Pages. American nonprofit journalism organizations have also been described under the banner of nonprofit news . Foundation-funded journalism and think tank journalism are less common terms. Although nonprofit journalism dates back to

9540-427: The role thereafter as Ann Landers. "Kup's Column", written by Irv Kupcinet , also made its first appearance in 1943. Jack Olsen joined the Sun-Times as editor-in-chief in 1954, before moving on to Time and Sports Illustrated magazines and authoring true-crime books. Hired as literary editor in 1955 was Hoke Norris , who also covered the civil-rights movement for the Sun-Times . Jerome Holtzman became

9646-701: The same area. State-oriented centers such as the Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism and New England Center for Investigative Reporting have garnered success and been suggested as viable alternatives to the nationwide news outlets. Likewise, there are an increasing number of local-level investigative centers, in places such as Baltimore and Texas, making their narrow-focus even more relatable to local readers. The distinct business model distinguishes philanthrojournalism from other types of journalism. As mainstream media has struggled in terms of revenue, nonprofit journalists have turned increasingly to

9752-435: The screening committee had restored their names to later ballots, but in the mid-1990s, dropped players were made permanently ineligible for Hall of Fame consideration, even by the Veterans Committee. A 2001 change in the election procedures restored the eligibility of these dropped players; while their names will not appear on future BBWAA ballots, they may be considered by the Veterans Committee. Players receiving 5% or more of

9858-425: The section published a letter from a "Phil McCraken." "This one was a little more subtle," a reporter outside the food department told the Chicago Reader . In 1998, the Sun-Times demoted longtime TV critic Lon Grahnke, shifting him to covering education. Grahnke, who died in 2006 at age 56 of Alzheimer's disease , remained with the paper until 2001, when he retired following an extended medical leave. In 2000,

9964-624: The start of the Associated Press in 1846, the first group dedicated to investigative journalism was the Center for Investigative Reporting (CIR), which formed in 1977. Moreover, journalist Charles Lewis founded the Center for Public Integrity in 1989. Since then, many other nonprofits have proliferated firstly in the United States, and then, elsewhere in the world. Due to their alternative funding models, many of these organizations have contributed deeply to investigative journalism. For example, ProPublica won Pulitzer prizes within

10070-534: The story, Prior to Dreams Park, a room might be filled for a week by several sets of tourists. Now, that room will be taken by just one family for the week, and that family may only go into Cooperstown and the Hall of Fame once. While there are other contributing factors (the recession and high gas prices among them), the Hall's attendance has tumbled since Dreams Park opened. The Hall drew 383,000 visitors in 1999. It drew 262,000 last year. A controversy erupted in 1982, when it emerged that some historic items given to

10176-404: The two newspapers' politics. This shift was made all but official when Mike Royko defected to the Tribune . Roger Ebert later reflected on the incident with disdain, stating in his blog, On the first day of Murdoch's ownership, he walked into the newsroom and we all gathered around and he recited the usual blather and rolled up his shirtsleeves and started to lay out a new front page. Well, he

10282-503: The votes but fewer than 75% are reconsidered annually until a maximum of ten years of eligibility (lowered from fifteen years for the 2015 election). Under special circumstances, certain players may be deemed eligible for induction even though they have not met all requirements. Addie Joss was elected in 1978, despite only playing nine seasons before he died of meningitis. Additionally, if an otherwise eligible player dies before his fifth year of retirement, then that player may be placed on

10388-512: The work of its donors , and if it also seeks to do so in a democratic manner, philanthrojournalism could achieve more editorial independence. ProPublica, as well as many other nonprofit centers have published details of their funding revenues, the salaries of their reporters and the ideological perspectives of their donors. The Institute for Nonprofit News , a member-driven industry network, requires full members to provide public transparency into their funding. Between May 2010 and September 2011,

10494-411: Was a real newspaperman, give him that. He threw out every meticulous detail of the beautiful design, ordered up big, garish headlines, and gave big play to a story about a North Shore rabbi accused of holding a sex slave. The story turned out to be fatally flawed, but so what? It sold papers. Well, actually, it didn't sell papers. There were hundreds of cancellations. Soon our precious page 3 was defaced by

10600-485: Was controlled, indirectly, by Canadian-born businessman Conrad Black . After Black and his associate David Radler were indicted for skimming money from Hollinger International, through retaining noncompete payments from the sale of Hollinger newspapers, they were removed from the board, and Hollinger International was renamed the Sun-Times Media Group . In 1994, noted reporter M.W. Newman retired from

10706-466: Was described at the time as a retirement, was involuntary. "I had problems with some of the ways Art pursued his job," Britton told the Reader . In September 1992, Bill Zwecker joined the Sun-Times as a gossip columnist from the troubled Lerner Newspapers suburban weekly newspaper chain, where he had written the "VIPeople" column. In September 1992, Sun-Times sports clerk Peter Anding was arrested in

10812-543: Was established in 1939 by Stephen Carlton Clark , an heir to the Singer Sewing Machine fortune. Clark sought to bring tourists to the village hurt by the Great Depression , which reduced the local tourist trade, and Prohibition , which devastated the local hops industry. Clark constructed the Hall of Fame's building, which was dedicated on June 12, 1939. (His granddaughter, Jane Forbes Clark ,

10918-453: Was in effect. (DiMaggio, for example, retired after the 1951 season and was first eligible in the 1953 election.) The modern rule establishing a wait of five years was passed in 1954, although those who had already been eligible under the old rule were grandfathered into the ballot, thus permitting Joe DiMaggio to be elected within four years of his retirement. Z is for Zenith The summit of fame. These men are up there. These men are

11024-422: Was no waiting period, so any retired player was eligible, but writers were discouraged from voting for current major leaguers. Since there was no formal rule preventing a writer from casting a ballot for an active player, the scribes did not always comply with the informal guideline; Joe DiMaggio received a vote in 1945, for example. From the 1946 election until the 1954 election, an official one-year waiting period

11130-486: Was reformed to comprise the living Hall of Fame members and other honorees. The revamped Committee held three elections, in 2003 and 2007 , for both players and non-players, and in 2005 for players only. No individual was elected in that time, sparking criticism among some observers who expressed doubt whether the new Veterans Committee would ever elect a player. The Committee members, most of whom were Hall members, were accused of being reluctant to elect new candidates in

11236-418: Was reintroduced, thus restricting the committee to considering players retired for at least 16 seasons. The eligibility criteria for Era Committee consideration differ between players, managers, and executives. While the text on a player's or manager's plaque lists all teams for which the inductee was a member in that specific role, inductees are usually depicted wearing the cap of a specific team, though in

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