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34-584: Chibougamau ( French pronunciation: [ʃibuɡamo] ) is the largest town in Nord-du-Québec , central Quebec , Canada. Located on Lake Gilman, it has a population of 7,233 people ( 2021 Canadian census ). Chibougamau is surrounded by, but not part of, the local municipality of Eeyou Istchee James Bay . Its remoteness from Lac Saint-Jean (over 200 km (120 mi) south-east) and Abitibi-Témiscamingue (over 250 km (160 mi) south-west) areas causes Chibougamau to provide services for

68-636: A company town but soon afterward, in 1954, it was incorporated as a municipality. Many mines have exploited the area since. While still thought of as a mining town, Chibougamau is now also the centre of a large logging and sawmill industry. From 1962 to 1988, the Royal Canadian Air Force operated CFS Chibougamau , a radar station in Chibougamau that was part of the Pinetree Line . The complex has now been transformed into

102-414: A July high of 22.9 °C (73.2 °F) and a low of 10.2 °C (50.4 °F). The average temperature for the year is 0.4 °C (32.7 °F) (1991-2020), an increase of 0.2 °C (0.36 °F) from 1981-2010. Overall precipitation is high for a subarctic climate with an average annual precipitation of 995.8 mm (39.20 in) and 312.9 cm (123.2 in) of snow per season. Precipitation

136-548: A change of -3.6% from its 2016 population of 7,504. With a land area of 694.87 km (268.29 sq mi), it had a population density of 10.4/km (27.0/sq mi) in 2021. The median age is 40.8, as opposed to 41.6 for all of Canada. French was the mother tongue of 92.5% of residents in 2021. The next most common mother tongues were English at 3.0%, followed by Cree-Innu languages at 1.6%. A small number (0.9%) reported both English and French as their first language. Additionally there were 0.2% who reported both French and

170-513: A few smaller communities surrounding it ( Mistissini , Oujé-Bougoumou , and Chapais ) and for the regional resource-based industries. Despite Chibougamau's remoteness, it is only about as far north as Winnipeg and is south of any part of the mainland of England. Nearby is Lac Aux Dorés , which is fed by the Chibougamau River from the larger Chibougamau Lake after which the town was named. Chibougamau means "gathering place" in

204-432: A golf complex and an office for a mining company. Since December 2001, the mayor of Chibougamau has been also on the municipal council of Municipality of Baie-James . The city is home to an annual " Folies frettes " festival ("Cold Follies") and a snowmobile rally . In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada , Chibougamau had a population of 7,233 living in 3190 of its 3,557 total private dwellings,

238-505: A non-official language as their mother tongue, 0.4% reported both English and French as their first language, and 0.3% reported both French and a non-official language as their mother tongue. As of 2021, Indigenous peoples comprised 68.5% of the population, and visible minorities contributed 1.9%. The largest visible minority groups in Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean are Black (0.9%), Arab (0.3%), and Filipino (0.3%). In 2021, 72.2% of

272-413: A non-official language as their mother tongue. As of 2021, Indigenous peoples , primarily First Nations and some Métis , comprised 7.8% of the population and visible minorities contributed 3.9%. The largest visible minority groups in Chibougamau are Black (1.5%), Filipino (1.1%), and Arab (0.8%). The region is home to 555 recent immigrants (i.e. those arriving between 2016 and 2021). In 2021, 67.7% of

306-607: A population of 14,139; Kativik has a land area of 443,372.20 square kilometres (171,186.96 sq mi) and a population of 12,090. The most populous community overall is the town of Chibougamau in Jamésie. The most populous community in Eeyou Istchee is Chisasibi , while the most populous community in Kativik is Kuujjuaq . The administrative structure of Nord-du-Québec is divided between three equivalent territories to

340-496: A regional municipality: Kativik , Eeyou Istchee , and Jamésie . At the local level exists five municipalities: The towns of Chibougamau (the largest town in this region), Chapais , Lebel-sur-Quévillon , and Matagami , and the special municipality of Eeyou Istchee James Bay , which was formerly the local municipality of Baie-James before a 2012 restructure of the government. Kativik offers regional services to its 14 northern villages and associated Inuit reserved lands as well as

374-412: Is 29.8, as opposed to 41.6 for all of Canada. It is the youngest region of Québec. Most residents (58.7%) spoke Indigenous languages as their mother tongue. The Cree-Innu languages were the mother tongue of 31.7%, followed by Inuktitut at 26.9%. From Canada's official languages, French was the mother tongue of 29.9% of residents in 2021, while English was for 6.6%. 3.0% reported both English and

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408-454: Is MacLean Memorial School. formerly Chibougamau Protestant School. There also used to be a Catholic English-language school called Holy Family School. Chibougamau has a subarctic climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfc ), despite being located just south of 50 degrees latitude. Winters are long, cold, and snowy with a January high of −12.7 °C (9.1 °F) and a low of −24.1 °C (−11.4 °F). Summers are warm though short with

442-655: Is a limited network of roads in the Jamésie region which reaches most of the few, small communities. Most were constructed as part of the James Bay Project . The "main road" of the region is the 620 kilometres (390 mi) long James Bay Road , a paved (albeit remote) extension of Route 109 from Matagami to Radisson . The 407 kilometres (253 mi) long gravel Route du Nord connects the James Bay Road to Route 167 near Chibougamau . The 666 kilometres (414 mi) gravel Trans-Taiga Road branches off

476-686: Is a member of the Cree –Montagnais– Naskapi dialect continuum and is spoken in various dialects depending on the community. Since the 1980s, Innu-aimun has had considerable exposure in the popular culture of Canada and France due to the success of the rock music band Kashtin and the later solo careers of its founders Claude McKenzie and Florent Vollant . Widely heard hit songs with Innu-language lyrics have included " Ish-kuess " ("Girl"), " E Uassiuian " ("My Childhood"), " Tipatshimun " ("Story") and in particular " Akua tuta " ("Take care of yourself"), which appeared on soundtrack compilations for

510-506: Is by Route 167 from Lac Saint-Jean and by Route 113 from Lebel-sur-Quévillon . Chibougamau/Chapais Airport is along Route 113, about halfway to Chapais. The area has long been part of the Cree territory. It was in the early 17th century that French explorers and traders, including Charles Albanel in 1671, came to the Lake Chibougamau area. However, no permanent European settlements were established at that time. Only in

544-649: Is limited to air travel, sea travel to coastal areas, or hiking great distances. All villages have their own airport, with the Kuujjuaq Airport functioning as a regional hub. In the rightmost column, the total area adds up to 747161.23 rather than the correct 747161.22 due to rounding error. Innu-aimun Innu-aimun or Montagnais is an Algonquian language spoken by over 10,000 Innu in Labrador and Quebec in Eastern Canada . It

578-635: Is significant year-round, though February through April are drier. Nord-du-Qu%C3%A9bec Spread over nearly 14 degrees of latitude, north of the 49th parallel, the region covers 860,692 km (332,315 sq mi) on the Labrador Peninsula , or just over half of the province's total land area. Nord-du-Québec possesses 3,644 archaeological sites known and listed by the Ministère de la Culture, des Communications et de la Condition féminine (MCCCF), along La Grande Rivière basin,

612-587: The 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , the Nord-du-Québec region had a population of 45,740 living in 14,543 of its 17,325 total private dwellings, a change of +2.6% from its 2016 population of 44,561. With a land area of 707,306.52 km (273,092.57 sq mi), it had a population density of 0.1/km (0.2/sq mi) in 2021. If the region were its own province, it would be larger than all other Canadian provinces except for Ontario and British Columbia . The median age

646-493: The Atikamekw ( Nēhinawēwin and Nehirâmowin ) of the Atikamekw ( Nehiraw , Nehirowisiw ) in the upper Saint-Maurice River valley of Quebec . Innu-aimun is divided into four dialects – Southern Montagnais (Mashteuiatsh, Betsiamites), Eastern Montagnais (Ekuanitshit, Nutashkuan, Unamen Shipu, Pakuashipi), Central Montagnais (Uashat and Maliotenam, Matimekosh) and Labrador-Montagnais (Sheshatshit). The speakers of

680-402: The Cree language . The neighbouring Cree village of Oujé-Bougoumou has the same name with a more traditional Cree spelling. The area surrounding Lake Gilman is Obalski Regional Park . Its many amenities include a beach, pier, picnic tables, and cabins. The many trails allow for hiking, cycling, cross-country skiing, or even snowmobiling through the park's boreal forest . Access to the town

714-646: The Grand Council of the Crees speaks of "Eeyou Istchee", they refer to a much larger and contiguous traditional territory and homeland that covers much of Jamésie. Jamésie, extending from the eastern shore of James Bay to the Otish Mountains of the Laurentian Plateau , is mainly boreal forest . Eeyou Istchee is largely enclaved within Jamésie, although one of its communities is slightly to

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748-601: The Otish Mountains sector and in the coastal areas of Quaqtaq , near Ungava Bay . These sites are mostly of First Nations origin and bear witness to several thousands of years of occupation of the territory of the Cree and Inuit ancestors of the region. Before 1912, the northernmost part of this region was part of the Ungava District of the Northwest Territories , and until 1987 it

782-702: The Innu dialects spoken in Quebec and Labrador [was] published in Innu, English and French ." Innu-aimun has the following phonemes (with the standard orthography equivalents in angle brackets, this section discusses the Sheshatshit dialect): The plosives are voiced to [b d dʒ ɡ ɡʷ] between vowels. /ʃ/ frequently merges with /h/ in younger speakers ( shīshīp [ʃiʃip ~ ʃihip ~ hihip] ' duck ' ). There are three pairs of so-called "long" and "short" vowels, and one long vowel with no short counterpart, though

816-484: The James Bay Road to Caniapiscau , the northernmost connecting road in eastern North America. The few provincial routes are concentrated in the far south of the region, including Route 109 to Matagami, Route 113 , which ends near Chibougamau, and Route 167 to Mistissini . There are no roads to Nunavik from the south. There are isolated roads in and around villages, as well as an isolated road running from Raglan Mine to Deception Bay, connecting to Salluit . Access

850-657: The Naskapi village municipality of Kawawachikamach . Eeyou Istchee offers regional services to its 9 Cree village municipalities and their associated Cree reserved lands. The four towns of Jamésie are not covered by a regional government, and supply their own services. The special local municipality of Eeyou Istchee James Bay is governed jointly by the Eeyou Istchee James Bay Regional Government , which consists of 11 representatives from Eeyou Istche and 11 representatives from Jamésie. In

884-417: The late 19th century would the area attract the interest of mining prospectors . When gold was discovered in 1903, there were periods of intense exploration. The difficulty of access caused no lasting development to take place at the time. Not until 1949 was copper first exploited, with the opening of a multi-metallic mine in the area, and a permanent community was established in 1952. Chibougamau started out as

918-986: The length distinction is giving way to a place distinction. The column titles here refer chiefly to the place of articulation of the long vowel. Macron accent marks over the long vowels are omitted in general writing. e is not written with a macron because there is no contrasting short e . Innu-aimun is a polysynthetic , head-marking language with relatively free word order . Its three basic parts of speech are nouns , verbs , and particles . Nouns are grouped into two genders , animate and inanimate, and may carry affixes indicating plurality , possession , obviation , and location. Verbs are divided into four classes based on their transitivity : animate intransitive (AI), inanimate intransitive (II), transitive inanimate (TI), and transitive animate (TA). Verbs may carry affixes indicating agreement (with both subject and object arguments ), tense , mood , and inversion . Two different sets, or orders , of verbal affixes are used depending on

952-485: The north of the 55th parallel and geographically enclaved within Kativik. Kativik has some boreal forest in its southern portion but is mainly tundra which covers the entire Ungava Peninsula . From the Canada 2011 Census , Eeyou Istchee has a land area of 5,586.25 square kilometres (2,156.86 sq mi) and a population of 16,350; Jamésie has a land area of 298,202.78 square kilometres (115,136.74 sq mi) and

986-561: The population identified as Catholic , while 22.8% said they had no religious affiliation. Pentecostals were the largest religious minority, at 1.3% of the population, while Muslims were the largest non-Christian religious minority, making up 0.8% of the population. Counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnocultural ancestries were: (Percentages may total more than 100% due to rounding and multiple responses). French-language schools in Chibougamau, past and present, are: The English-language school

1020-516: The population identified as Christian . 36.3% were Anglican , 24.1% were Catholic , and 6.2% were Pentecostal . 24.9% said they had no religious affiliation. Traditional North American Indigenous spirituality practitioners were the largest non-Christian religious minority, making up 1.9% of the population. Counting both single and multiple responses, the most commonly identified ethnocultural ancestries were: (Percentages may total more than 100% due to rounding and multiple responses). There

1054-469: The south and southeast. Nord-du-Québec is part of the territory covered by the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975; other regions covered (in part) by this Agreement include Côte-Nord , Mauricie and Abitibi-Témiscamingue administrative regions. Nord-du-Québec is divided for statistical and other purposes into three territories equivalent to a regional county municipality (TEs): When

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1088-440: The television series Due South and the documentary Music for The Native Americans . The lyrics of Akua Tuta are featured on over 50 websites, making this one of the most broadly accessible pieces of text written in any native North American language. Florent Vollant has also rendered several well-known Christmas carols into Innu in his 1999 album Nipaiamianan . In 2013, "a comprehensive pan-Innu dictionary, covering all

1122-497: The verb's syntactic context . In simple main clauses, the verb is marked using affixes of the independent order , whereas in subordinate clauses and content-word questions, affixes of the conjunct order are used. Innu-aimun is related to East Cree ( Īyiyū Ayimūn – Northern/Coastal dialect and Īnū Ayimūn – Southern/Inland dialect) spoken by the James Bay Cree of the James Bay region of Quebec and Ontario and

1156-518: Was referred to as Nouveau-Québec, or New Quebec . Nord-du-Québec lies entirely upon the Canadian Shield . It extends from 49°N latitude to beyond 62°N and is 98.4 percent public land. The region is bordered by Hudson Bay and James Bay in the west, Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay in the north, Labrador in the northeast, and the administrative regions of Abitibi-Témiscamingue , Mauricie , Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean , and Côte-Nord in

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