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46-399: Seaward parts of this area were first viewed by Ross in 1841 and subsequently by expeditions led by Carstens Borchgrevink , Robert Falcon Scott , Ernest Shackleton and Richard Evelyn Byrd . The precise mapping of its overall features was accomplished from United States Navy air photographs and surveys by New Zealand and American parties in the 1950s and 1960s. The mountains were named by

92-649: A further permanent station with the help of governor John Franklin before waiting for summer. Ross crossed the Antarctic Circle on 1 January 1841. Shortly after, he discovered the Ross Sea and Victoria Land , charting 900 km (560 mi) of new coastline, reaching Possession Island on 12 January and Franklin Island on 27 January (which Ross named after John Franklin ). He then reached Ross Island , later named after him by Robert F. Scott , with

138-701: A north–south direction between Campbell Glacier and Styx Glacier. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1955-63. Named by US-ACAN for Vernon P. Wood, United States Navy yeoman, a member of the McMurdo Station winter parties of 1963 and 1967. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Geological Survey . James Clark Ross Sir James Clark Ross DCL FRS FLS FRAS (15 April 1800 – 3 April 1862)

184-504: A participant in six Deep Freeze operations. 73°27′S 164°48′E  /  73.450°S 164.800°E  / -73.450; 164.800 . A prominent rock bluff 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) long, comprising that part of the west wall of Aviator Glacier immediately south of Cosmonaut Glacier. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Commander David B. Eldridge, Jr., United States Navy, officer in charge of

230-566: Is a lake with two islands, named after the ships Terror and Erebus . Ross remained an officer in the Royal Navy for the rest of his life and was subsequently promoted several times, his final rank being Rear-Admiral of the Red awarded in August 1861. Ross died at Aston Abbotts on 3 April 1862, five years after his wife. They are buried together in the parish churchyard of St. James

276-619: Is entitled 'One of James Ross's foxes'). Campbell Glacier Campbell Glacier ( 74°25′S 164°22′E  /  74.417°S 164.367°E  / -74.417; 164.367 ) is a glacier, about 60 nautical miles (110 km; 69 mi) long, originating near the south end of Mesa Range and draining southeast between the Deep Freeze Range and Mount Melbourne to discharge into north Terra Nova Bay in Victoria Land , Antarctica. Campbell Glacier forms in

322-719: The Antarctic Peninsula . The next winter, the expedition overwintered in the Falkland Islands before returning to survey the Antarctic Peninsula over the summer of 1842–1843. Ross attempted to penetrate south at about 55° W, and explored the eastern side of what is now known as James Ross Island , discovering and naming Snow Hill Island and Seymour Island . Ross reported that Admiralty Sound appeared to him to have been blocked by glaciers at its southern end. The expedition's main aim

368-482: The Southern Cross Mountains to the south of Gair Mesa and Suture Bench. It flows south past both sides of Mericle Rock, and is joined from the west by Rainey Glacier. Hedge Terrace forms its eastern side in this section. Below Archambau Ridge it is joined from the west by Recoil Glacier, and past Mount Gibbs it is joined from the southwest by Harper Glacier. Further south Rebuff Glacier joins from

414-712: The British Magnetic Survey, a magnetic survey of Great Britain , with Edward Sabine , John Phillips and Humphrey Lloyd . This also included some work on geomagnetic measurements in Ireland in 1834–1835, working with Sabine and Lloyd. In 1837, Ross assisted in T. C. Robinson's improvement of the dip circle during the survey; anomalous results had been discovered by Ross in 1835 in Westbourne Green . In 1838, Ross completed magnetic observations at 12 different stations throughout Ireland. The survey

460-475: The Deep Freeze Range and entering Campbell Glacier 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) southeast of the summit of Mount Mankinen . Named by the northern party of NZGSAE, 1962-63, because the party was prevented from getting access to it. 74°02′S 163°20′E  /  74.033°S 163.333°E  / -74.033; 163.333 . A tributary glacier in Deep Freeze Range, draining

506-417: The Deep Freeze Range to Campbell Glacier between Rainey Glacier and Recoil Glacier. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant John L. Archambault, United States Navy, medical officer at McMurdo Station, 1967. 74°26′S 164°15′E  /  74.433°S 164.250°E  / -74.433; 164.250 . A sharp pointed nunatak rising above

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552-541: The Deep Freeze Range to enter Campbell Glacier. Mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Wayne M. Harper, satellite geodesist at McMurdo Station, 1964-65. 73°58′S 163°12′E  /  73.967°S 163.200°E  / -73.967; 163.200 . A tributary glacier descending from

598-526: The Deep Freeze Range, south of Mount Pollock , to the Campbell Glacier. Named by the northern party of NZGSAE, 1962-63, because the geologist was said to have "recoiled in disgust" on finding little of geological interest there and not what he expected. 73°52′S 163°05′E  /  73.867°S 163.083°E  / -73.867; 163.083 . A small tributary glacier which descends northeast between Mount Gibbs and Mount Adamson of

644-538: The Great. Ross, played by British actor Richard Sutton , is a secondary character in the 2018 AMC television series The Terror , portrayed in a fictionalised version of his 1848 search for Franklin's lost expedition , as well as in the 2007 Dan Simmons novel on which the series is based. Ross is also mentioned continually by Jules Verne in his novel The Adventures of Captain Hatteras (for example, chapter XXV

690-513: The Southern Cross Mountains of Victoria Land. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Paul E. Linn, United States Navy, utilitiesman at McMurdo Station in 1963 and 1967. Features in the north and northwest of the mountains include: 73°41′S 163°30′E  /  73.683°S 163.500°E  / -73.683; 163.500 . A steep, mainly ice-covered bluff along

736-438: The east side of Campbell Glacier , situated just west of Vulcan Hills. Named by the northern party of NZGSAE, 1965-66, presumably from Greek mythology. 73°40′S 163°38′E  /  73.667°S 163.633°E  / -73.667; 163.633 . A group of small volcanic hills about 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) southwest of Shulte Hills. Named by the southern party of NZGSAE, 1966-67, in recognition of

782-979: The far north of Canada, and James Ross personally planted the British flag at the pole. It was on this trip, too, that Ross charted the Beaufort Islands, later renamed Clarence Islands by his uncle. Ross then served as supernumerary-commander of HMS Victory in Portsmouth for 12 months. On 28 October 1834 Ross was promoted to captain. In December 1835 he offered his services to the Admiralty to resupply 11  whaling ships which had become trapped in Baffin Bay . They accepted his offer, and he set sail in HMS Cove in January 1836. The crossing

828-667: The glacier was observed by the Northern Party, led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell , Royal Navy , of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910–13 . It was named for the leader of this party. The extent of the glacier and its discharge into north Terra Nova Bay, rather than the Nansen Ice Sheet , was determined by United States and New Zealand survey parties to the area in 1961–62 and 1962–63. Download coordinates as: Named tributaries from

874-463: The ice at the lower end of Campbell Glacier, 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) ESE of Mount Dickason . Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1955-63. Named by US-ACAN for Herman T. Miller, biologist at McMurdo Station, 1965-66 season. 74°36′S 164°24′E  /  74.600°S 164.400°E  / -74.600; 164.400 . The seaward extension of Campbell Glacier into northern Terra Nova Bay. The name

920-512: The left (east) include: 74°02′S 163°51′E  /  74.033°S 163.850°E  / -74.033; 163.850 . A tributary glacier in the Southern Cross Mountains, flowing southeast to enter Campbell Glacier between Wood Ridge and Pinckard Table . Observed by the Northern Party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1965–66, which named it after

966-671: The mortar bombs they were designed to fire and constructed with extremely strong hulls, to withstand the recoil of the heavy weapons. The ships were selected for the Antarctic mission as being able to resist thick ice, as proved true in practice. En route to the Southern Ocean , Ross established magnetic measurement stations in Saint Helena , Cape Town , and Kerguelen before arriving in Hobart in early 1840 and establishing

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1012-982: The mountains include, from north to south, Cosmonaut Glacier , Cosmonette Glacier , Shoemaker Glacier , Tinker Glacier and Burns Glacier . The Styx Glacier flows northwest. Features in the northeast of the southern part include the Chisholm Hills, Mount Carson and Linn Mesa. Features in the north and northwest of the southern part include Hades Terrace, Vulcan Hills, Schulte Hills, Stewart Heights, Daughtery Peaks, Eldridge Bluff. Features further south include Daley Hills, Mount Jiracek, and Wood Ridge. Download coordinates as: 73°24′S 164°00′E  /  73.400°S 164.000°E  / -73.400; 164.000 . A mountain range 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) long, situated just north of Cosmonaut Glacier and west of Aviator Glacier . Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. The name

1058-641: The mythical river Styx. Named tributaries from the right (west) include, from north to south: 73°40′S 163°06′E  /  73.667°S 163.100°E  / -73.667; 163.100 . A tributary glacier on the north side of Archambault Ridge, descending from the Deep Freeze Range into Campbell Glacier. Named by the northern party of NZGSAE, 1962-63, for Denys Rainey, cartographer, who assisted this and other New Zealand Antarctic expeditions with their mapping problems. 73°46′S 163°05′E  /  73.767°S 163.083°E  / -73.767; 163.083 . A tributary glacier descending from

1104-408: The northeast tip of Somerset Island where he was frozen in at Port Leopold . In the spring, he and Leopold McClintock explored the west coast of the island by sledge. He recognized Peel Sound but thought it too ice-choked for Franklin to have used it. In fact, Franklin had used it in 1846 when the extent of sea ice had been atypically low. The next summer he tried to reach Wellington Channel but

1150-770: The northern party of New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1965–66. The Southern Cross Mountains extend north from Burns Glacier , with the Campbell Glacier to the west and the Aviator Glacier to the east. The two glaciers are fed by the Half-ration Névé to the north of the Arrowhead Range, which is separated from the southern part of the mountains by the Cosmonaut Glacier . Glaciers flowing eastward from

1196-450: The northwest extremity of the Arrowhead Range. So named by the southern party of NZGSAE, 1966-67, because both of their motor toboggans went out of control here, when going down hill. 73°26′S 163°21′E  /  73.433°S 163.350°E  / -73.433; 163.350 . A group of steep-sided hills situated 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) east of Gair Mesa in the Southern Cross Mountains, Victoria Land. Named by

1242-421: The slopes between Mount Cavaney and Mount Levick and flowing northeast to enter the Campbell Glacier. So named by the Northern Party of NZGSAE, 1965-66, because of the spectacular spill which the party had there. 74°13′S 163°51′E  /  74.217°S 163.850°E  / -74.217; 163.850 . A small tributary glacier flowing north from the west side of Mount Queensland , and entering

1288-760: The southern party of the NZGSAE, 1966-67, for Ross Chisholm, leader of the party. 73°27′S 163°11′E  /  73.450°S 163.183°E  / -73.450; 163.183 . A mountain 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) west of Chisholm Hills in the Southern Cross Mountains, Victoria Land. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Gene A. Carson, United States Navy, construction electrician at McMurdo Station in 1963 and 1967. 73°32′S 163°20′E  /  73.533°S 163.333°E  / -73.533; 163.333 . A small mesa located 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) south of Chisholm Hills in

1334-551: The upper forks of Cosmonaut Glacier . Named by the southern party of NZGSAE, 1966-67, for lan Stewart, field assistant with this party. 73°29′S 164°20′E  /  73.483°S 164.333°E  / -73.483; 164.333 . A small cluster of bare rock peaks 2,680 metres (8,790 ft) high that surmount the south wall of Cosmonaut Glacier. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Franklin J. Daughtery, aviation structural mechanic with United States Navy Squadron VX-6,

1380-617: The volcanic composition of the rocks which form these hills. 73°35′S 163°50′E  /  73.583°S 163.833°E  / -73.583; 163.833 . A small group of low hills lying 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) south-southwest of Stewart Heights. Named by the southern party of NZGSAE, 1966-67, for Frank Schulte, geologist with this party. 73°29′S 163°58′E  /  73.483°S 163.967°E  / -73.483; 163.967 . Small, partly snow-covered heights which rise to 2,760 metres (9,060 ft) high, situated just south of Arrowhead Range and between

1426-801: The volcanoes Mount Erebus and Mount Terror , which were named for the expedition's vessels. They sailed for 250 nautical miles (460 km) along the edge of the low, flat-topped ice shelf they called variously the Barrier or the Great Ice Barrier, later named the Ross Ice Shelf in his honour. After being forced to overwinter in Tasmania , Ross returned to the Ross Sea in December 1841 before travelling east past Marie Byrd Land to

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1472-765: The west side of Campbell Glacier just north of Mills Peak . Named by the Northern Party of the NZGSAE, 1965-66, for D.R. Bates, field assistant with that party. Other features along its course are, from north to south: 73°39′S 163°15′E  /  73.650°S 163.250°E  / -73.650; 163.250 . A nunatak in the middle of Campbell Glacier, approximately 9 nautical miles (17 km; 10 mi) from its head. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for David L. Mericle, United States Navy, electronics technician at McMurdo Station, 1967. 73°42′S 162°55′E  /  73.700°S 162.917°E  / -73.700; 162.917 . A ridge which descends from

1518-403: The west side of the head of Tinker Glacier . Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for George R. Jiracek, geophysicist at McMurdo Station, 1964-65. 74°00′S 163°45′E  /  74.000°S 163.750°E  / -74.000; 163.750 . A flat-topped, ice-covered ridge, 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) long, extending in

1564-583: The west. It continues south past Wood Ridge to the east and the Deep Freeze Range to the west. Capsize Glacier joins it from the west below Mount Cavaney . Styx Glacier joins from the east past the end of Wood Ridge. Further south Bates Glacier joins from the west to the north of Mills Peak . The glacier flows past Mount Melbourne to the east and Miller Nunatak to the west, and forms the Campbell Glacier Tongue where it disgorges into Terra Nova Bay past Shield Nunatak . The lower end of

1610-716: The winter detachment of Squadron VX-6 at McMurdo Station, 1967. 73°42′S 164°45′E  /  73.700°S 164.750°E  / -73.700; 164.750 . A group of high, ice-covered hills along the west side of Aviator Glacier between the mouths of Cosmonette Glacier and Shoemaker Glacier . Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Robert C. Daley, United States Navy, flight engineer on Hercules aircraft during United States Navy Operation Deep Freeze , 1966, 1967 and 1968. 73°46′S 163°56′E  /  73.767°S 163.933°E  / -73.767; 163.933 . A mountain 2,430 metres (7,970 ft) high rising at

1656-653: Was a British Royal Navy officer and explorer of both the northern and southern polar regions. In the Arctic , he participated in two expeditions led by his uncle, John Ross , and in four led by William Edward Parry : in the Antarctic , he led his his own expedition from 1839 to 1843. Ross was born in London, the son of George Ross and nephew of John Ross , under whom he entered the Royal Navy on 5 April 1812. Ross

1702-466: Was also where he served as midshipman with Francis Crozier , who would later become his close friend and second-in-command. From 1829 to 1833 Ross again served under his uncle on John's second Arctic voyage. It was during this trip that a small party led by James Ross (including Thomas Abernethy ) located the position of the north magnetic pole on 1 June 1831, on the Boothia Peninsula in

1748-684: Was an active participant in the Napoleonic Wars , being present at an action where HMS Briseis , commanded by his uncle, captured Le Petit Poucet (a French privateer) on 9 October 1812. Ross then served successively with his uncle on HMS Actaeon and HMS Driver . Ross participated in John's unsuccessful first Arctic voyage in search of a Northwest Passage in 1818 aboard Isabella . Between 1819 and 1827 Ross took part in four Arctic expeditions under William Edward Parry , taking particular interest in magnetism and natural history. This

1794-590: Was applied by United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) and alludes to the shape of the eastern end of the range. Geographical features of Arrowhead Range include: 73°25′S 164°24′E  /  73.417°S 164.400°E  / -73.417; 164.400 . A series of hills in the east part of the Arrowhead Range. Named by the southern party of NZGSAE, 1966-67, for Simon Nathan, senior geologist with this party. 73°19′S 163°33′E  /  73.317°S 163.550°E  / -73.317; 163.550 . A cluster of hills forming

1840-638: Was blocked by ice and returned to England. Ultimately every member of Franklin's expedition perished. Ross married Ann Coulman in 1843. A blue plaque marks Ross's home in Eliot Place, Blackheath, London . His closest friend was Francis Crozier, with whom he sailed many times. He also lived in the ancient House of the Abbots of St. Albans in Buckinghamshire . In the gardens of the Abbey there

1886-489: Was completed in 1838; some supplementary measurements by Robert Were Fox were also used. On 8 April 1839, Ross was given orders to command an expedition to Antarctica for the purposes of 'magnetic research and geographical discovery'. Between September 1839 and September 1843, Ross commanded HMS  Erebus on his own Antarctic expedition and charted much of the continent's coastline. Captain Francis Crozier

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1932-527: Was difficult, and by the time he had reached the last known position of the whalers in June, all but one had managed to return home. Ross found no trace of this last vessel, William Torr , which was probably crushed in the ice in December 1835. He returned to Hull in September 1836 with all his crew in good health. From 1835 to 1839, except for his voyage with Cove, he was one of the principal participants in

1978-567: Was second-in-command of the expedition, commanding HMS  Terror , with senior lieutenant Archibald McMurdo . Support for the expedition had been arranged by Francis Beaufort , hydrographer of the Navy and a member of several scientific societies. On the expedition was gunner Thomas Abernethy and ship's surgeon Robert McCormick , as well as Joseph Dalton Hooker , who had been invited along as assistant ship's surgeon. Erebus and Terror were bomb vessels —an unusual type of warship named after

2024-579: Was sent on one of three expeditions to find John Franklin. Franklin's second in command was Ross's close friend Francis Crozier. The other expeditions sent to find Franklin were the Rae–Richardson Arctic expedition and the expedition aboard HMS Plover and HMS  Herald through the Bering Strait . He was given command of HMS  Enterprise , accompanied by HMS  Investigator . Because of heavy ice in Baffin Bay he only reached

2070-518: Was suggested by US-ACAN in association with Campbell Glacier. 74°33′S 164°30′E  /  74.550°S 164.500°E  / -74.550; 164.500 . A prominent nunatak standing at the east side of the terminus of Campbell Glacier on the north shore of Terra Nova Bay. This feature, a multiple volcanic cone, was so named by the NZGSAE, 1965-66, because it looks like an old Viking shield. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of

2116-613: Was to find the position of the south magnetic pole . While Ross failed to reach the pole, he was able to determine its location. The expedition also produced the first accurate magnetic maps of the Antarctic. Ross's ships arrived back in England on 4 September 1843. He was awarded the Grande Médaille d'Or des Explorations in 1843, knighted in 1844, and elected to the Royal Society in 1848. On 31 January 1848, Ross

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