177-523: Christ Church St Laurence is an Anglican church located at 814 George Street , near Central railway station and Haymarket, in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia. It is the principal centre of Anglo-Catholic worship in the city and Diocese of Sydney , where the Anglicanism is predominantly Evangelical in character. Anglo-Catholicism is manifested at Christ Church St Laurence by an emphasis on
354-676: A cope instead of a chasuble when celebrating the Eucharist at Christ Church. In 1911 the Revd Charles William Coles was offered the incumbency, but he declined, due to the archbishop's restrictions. (Coles would go on to be vicar of the English Anglo-Catholic "shrine church" of St Agatha's, Landport in Portsmouth for 40 years.) A very visible part of Christ Church's commitment to Anglo-Catholicism
531-442: A desert." However, some aspects of Anglo-Catholic practice were not introduced until relatively late, with the "high celebration" involving three sacred ministers (priest, deacon and subdeacon) introduced in 1913, The English Hymnal in 1916 and incense in 1921. In 1910, Archbishop John Wright imposed the requirement that all clergy, upon appointment, undertake not to wear the eucharistic vestment (the chasuble) in any church in
708-519: A gay priest in a same-sex partnership to a Gippsland parish." The Anglican Diocese of Sydney , the largest of the country, has expressed its opposition to same-sex unions and has been involved in the Anglican realignment as a member of the Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans . However, many clergy and bishops support same-sex unions. The Wangaratta and Ballarat dioceses have voted to support
885-665: A girls’ school run by the Community of the Sisters of the Church in the nearby suburb of Waverley. The building and interior of Christ Church are mostly the work of three architects, covering the period 1840–1927. Henry Robertson (1802-1881) designed Christ Church in a transitional style incorporating Old Colonial Gothick Picturesque and Victorian Free Gothic. The builders were Taylor and Robb, who used Sydney sandstone, possibly from Pyrmont quarries. Walsh criticised Robertson's work, in
1062-472: A hood and a corrugated iron roof, with a roof vent. Internally, the stud framing and timber truss roof members were exposed. The offices and public facilities were contained in the adjacent lean-to, which faced George Street. Only one platform and the main up-line served the passenger station. A similar platform and line layout was used for the Mortuary Station , constructed 15 years later; however,
1239-559: A large English parish church and built between 1874 and 1884. St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne , from a foundation stone laid in 1880, is a Melbourne landmark. It was designed by the distinguished English architect William Butterfield in Gothic Transitional . Tasmania is home to a number of significant colonial Anglican buildings including those located at Australia's best preserved convict era settlement, Port Arthur . According to 19th century notions of prisoner reform,
1416-433: A less grandiose Scheme prepared by Norman Selfe. Its main feature is the raising of Belmore Park to the level of the station platform between raised roads in the eastern half of a widened Pitt Street on the one hand and the western half of a widened Elizabeth Street on the other, with a connecting viaduct along Eddy Avenue and a retaining-wall to support the raised park along its Hay Street alignment. Although neither scheme
1593-449: A magnificent entrance to the city will be established and the trees will set off the new station. He considers that this opportunity for the improvement and ornamentation of Sydney should not be lost, especially as it will not entail a very heavy cost upon the tax payer, most of the land utilised already being the property of the crown. There will be four double and four single platforms, or practically twelve single platforms in all... Between
1770-581: A major figure in Australian architectural history and a parishioner of Christ Church St Laurence, to whom the church owes many of its notable features. The church was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. The choir of Christ Church St Laurence has a high reputation among Anglican parish choirs. It performs a repertoire ranging from Gregorian chant to 21st-century works. In existence for
1947-411: A memorial to John Coleridge Patteson (1827-1871), the martyred Bishop of Melanesia, designed by Blacket, was installed in the church. It incorporates an effigy executed by Henry Apperley (1824-1887). Patteson had visited Christ Church on several occasions. Blacket was a parishioner of Christ Church from 1848, serving as churchwarden for 22 years (1851-1873). Blacket's sons were responsible for remodelling
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#17327936116312124-476: A mix of Federation styles: Elizabethan, Arts and Crafts, and Free Style. After Clamp, little further building or decoration was undertaken for several decades. In 1938, a large mural on the east wall was painted by Vergilio Lo Schiavo (1909-1971), one of the few artists to have employed fresco technique in Australia. In 1963, Morton Earle Herman (1907-1983) did remedial work on the church's interior. He published
2301-544: A motion at their General Synod on 7 September 2017, condemning the Scottish Episcopal Church decision to approve same-sex marriage as "contrary to the doctrine of our church and the teaching of Christ", and declaring itself in "impaired communion" with the province. It also expressed "support for those Anglicans who have left or will need to leave (...) because of its redefinition of marriage and those who struggle and remain", and presented their prayers for
2478-404: A much larger building than originally proposed, but it is thought in the future it will come into use. In the meantime, certain parts can be left out and added afterwards, but in spite of all such reduction the estimated cost of the new building and the main roof will amount to about £ 400,000 as compared with £ 230,000". As it was being built, it was reported that "Everything in connection with
2655-585: A much modified building was actually constructed. The total estimated cost of the works was to be £ 561,000 with the general works estimated at £ 138,000, the Station Building estimated at £ 233,000 and the Resumptions estimated at £ 140,000. Almost immediately these estimates proved conservative, there was much public concern regarding the removal of bodies from the Old Burial ground and
2832-531: A new cemetery, the Botany Cemetery, had to be constructed, at public expense, at La Perouse . When the third station was built in 1906, it moved one block north, closer to the city. It fronted Garden Road, which was realigned to form Eddy Avenue. If Belmore Park is included, all the land now occupied by the railway at Central and Redfern coincides with the company's original selection of four blocks between Hay and Cleveland Streets. The present station
3009-458: A pioneering book on the Blackets in the same year that he worked at Christ Church. Herman removed decorative elements, some of them Blacket's own, with the aim of recovering what he saw as Blacket's purity of design. In 2019, Paul Davies and Jean Wahl of Paul Davies Pty Ltd undertook the first full interior restoration since 1906. The work included cleaning and repointing the stonework, restoring
3186-468: A prominent Sydney builder and local politician, proposed a scheme to provide a circular city extension to the railway. The route included stations at Oxford Street , William Street and Woolloomooloo in the east, Circular Quay , then Dawes Point and a line parallel to Darling Harbour in the west. John Whitton designed a grand city terminus at the corner of Hunter and Castlereagh Streets two years later. Neither of these schemes eventuated. In 1895,
3363-743: A prominent role in welfare and education since Colonial times, when First Fleet chaplain Richard Johnson was credited by one convict as "the physician both of soul and body" during the famine of 1790 and was charged with general supervision of schools. Today the church remains a significant provider of social welfare with organisations working in education, health, missionary work, social welfare and communications. Welfare organisations include Anglicare and Samaritans . The Anglicare network comprises 9000 volunteers beyond paid staff, who assisted some 940,000 Australians in 2016 in areas such as emergency relief, aged care, family support and assistance for
3540-485: A ramp, descending from the north west corner of the building to Belmore Road. A subway for pedestrians to enter the building is to be provided from a point in Pitt Street, nearly opposite the north western corner of the building. The tramway approaches have been so designed as to take them completely clear of all other classes of traffic and congestion, and interference and risk of injury will be altogether obviated. It
3717-517: A scheme that did not involve the disturbance of or use of land in Hyde Park was sought. The extension of Belmore Park was initially proposed in the 1897 scheme as compensation for the use of the northwestern corner of Hyde Park as a railway station. Following a change of government the St James scheme was abandoned and Deane prepared, c. 1899 , a further two schemes, one of which was for
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#17327936116313894-580: A separate line which could be electrified without impact on the remainder of the rail system. However, due to the necessity of building the City Underground Railway and the proposal for a Sydney Harbour Bridge , not to mention the expansion of the Illawarra and Bankstown lines, the program was altered in order that the electrification could be linked with these proposed expansions. From Well Street, Redfern eight tracks would continue as
4071-467: Is Geoffrey Smith , Archbishop of Adelaide , who commenced in the role on 7 April 2020 after Philip Freier stepped down on 31 March 2020. Like other religious groups, the church has come under criticism in light of cases of sexual abuse by clergy and others. On 16 August 2022, the church experienced a split when some conservatives formed the breakaway Diocese of the Southern Cross . It
4248-968: Is Sam Allchurch, who studied at the University of Cambridge with Geoffrey Webber and Stephen Layton as a Gates Cambridge Scholar, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Sam Allchurch is also music director of the Sydney Chamber Choir and associate artistic director of the Gondwana Choirs. The choir's assistant conductor is Amber Johnson. The organist is David Tagg. The choir is committed to new music by Australian composers and has commissioned liturgical works from Brooke Shelley (Viri Galilaei, 2021), Fiona Loader (Angelus ad virginem, 2020), Joseph Twist (Missa brevis, 2020), Oscar Smith (St Laurence Service, 2020) and William Yaxley (Mass for St Laurence, 2019). Apart from its role in liturgy,
4425-409: Is also known as Sydney Terminal (Platforms 1 to 12). The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. It recorded 85.4 million passenger movements in 2018 and serves over 250,000 people daily. Central station occupies a large city block separating Haymarket , Surry Hills and the central business district, bounded by Railway Square and Pitt Street in
4602-541: Is by far the largest diocese: in 2011, its 58,300 weekly attenders accounted for 37.6 per cent of the Anglican Church's weekly attendance, and in 2015, the diocese's 688 active clergy accounted for 28.1 per cent of the active clergy across the church. Broughton Publishing is the church's national publishing arm. The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Anglican Council (NATSIAC) appoints two Indigenous bishops for national work with indigenous people:
4779-510: Is celebrated. Three Sunday services are accompanied by music. Sermons are preached at all Sunday Masses as well as on feast days. High Mass on Sundays and feast days, and other occasional services, are livestreamed on the YouTube platform, with recordings subsequently available on that platform. Each year a visiting priest preaches daily over Holy Week and Easter. The devotion of the Stations of
4956-560: Is intended that the railway traffic should run as now arranged over the Castlereagh and Pitt Street route, but, instead of approaching the station on the ground level, the two lines begin to rise from a point in Belmore Park on a grade of 1 in 20, where they will terminate with a wide colonnade of (sic) platform level. This design, with pavilions and a mansard roof, was strongly influenced by French Renaissance chateaux. The scale of
5133-506: Is led by a former Archbishop of Sydney , Glenn Davies . The split was principally caused over same sex marriage among other issues. This diocese is backed by the current Archbishop of Sydney, Kanishka Raffel , and the Bishop of Tasmania , Richard Condie . In September 2022, the Diocese of Sydney voted to declare the church to be in a state of "deep breach of fellowship" as a result of
5310-529: Is no contrariety in any part of the practice to the most approved usages of the Church of England, with which I have been familiar from my earliest years; and everything is marked by such a degree of order and solemnity, that I could wish the observances of this church to be taken, if it were possible, as a model for the imitation of every church in my diocese." This High Church position was maintained under Walsh's successors, George Vidal and Charles Garnsey. Ritual advances towards Anglo-Catholicism were suppressed by
5487-539: Is one of the largest providers of social welfare services in Australia. When the First Fleet was sent to New South Wales in 1787, Richard Johnson of the Church of England was licensed as chaplain to the fleet and the settlement. In 1825 Thomas Scott was appointed Archdeacon of Australia under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Calcutta , Reginald Heber . William Grant Broughton , who succeeded Scott in 1829,
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5664-608: Is set on a sandstone base and built of face brick with the walls articulated by brick piers. Sydney's Anglican cathedral, St Andrew's , was consecrated in 1868 from foundations laid in the 1830s. Largely designed by Edmund Thomas Blacket in the Perpendicular Gothic style reminiscent of English cathedrals. Blacket also designed St Saviour's Cathedral in Goulburn , based on the Decorated Gothic style of
5841-537: Is the second largest church in Australia after the Roman Catholic Church . For much of Australian history since the arrival of the First Fleet in January 1788, the church was the largest religious denomination. In recent times, however, Anglicanism in Australia has mirrored the steep decline in church membership and attendance experienced in many first-world, mostly post-modern nations. The church
6018-460: Is visited by many people from its busy neighbourhood who use it for personal devotion or meditation. Sunday school operates during school term in conjunction with the 9:00 am Sung Eucharist. The High Mass choir sings on Sunday mornings and major feast days and the Evensong choir on Sunday evenings. Additional choir events include carol services for Advent and Epiphany, and an orchestral Mass on
6195-510: The Australian Defence Force , hospitals, schools, industry and prisons. Senior clergy such as Peter Jensen , former Archbishop of Sydney, have a high profile in discussions on a diverse range of social issues in contemporary national debates. In recent times the church has encouraged its leaders to talk on such issues as indigenous rights; international security; peace and justice; and poverty and equity. The current primate
6372-481: The Book of Common Prayer of 1662. Morning and Evening Prayer are also read daily by parishioners unable to attend at the church, using the videoconferencing software Zoom. Any interested person may join this group. A congregation linked to the parish worships monthly at Mittagong, New South Wales. A Christian meditation group meets weekly. Outside of formal services, the church is open for long hours on weekdays, when it
6549-482: The Cleveland Street Bridge and flyovers. The Devonshire Street subway and Devonshire Street wall were extended through the new suburban section. The new viaduct along Elizabeth Street included new bridges over Eddy Avenue, Campbell Street and Hay Street and a new retaining wall along Elizabeth Street. Modernisation programs were undertaken in 1955 and again in 1964. In the 1955 work, a booking hall
6726-578: The Diocese of Perth , thus becoming the first woman consecrated as a bishop of the Anglican Church of Australia. Sarah Macneil was elected in 2013 to be the first female diocesan bishop in Australia. In 2014 she was consecrated and installed as the first female diocesan bishop in Australia (for the Diocese of Grafton in New South Wales). The church remains a major provider of education and welfare services in Australia. It provides chaplains to
6903-484: The Diocese of The Murray ordained its first female deacon, becoming the last diocese to ordain women to the diaconate. In August 2017, the Anglicans of Western Australia elected the Anglican Church of Australia's first female archbishop, Kay Goldsworthy. In a statement representing a conservative and complementarian view, Bishop Gary Nelson said that Archbishop Goldsworthy "would not be recognised in her new role" as
7080-632: The Diocese of the Southern Cross , established as a company, became the first Anglican diocese in Australia to form outside the Anglican Church of Australia. Central railway station, Sydney Central is a heritage-listed railway station located in the centre of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . The station is Australia's largest and busiest railway station, and is a major transport interchange for NSW TrainLink inter-city rail services, Sydney Trains commuter rail services, Sydney Metro services, Sydney light rail services, bus services, and private coach transport services. The station
7257-529: The Model Prison incorporates a grim chapel, into which prisoners in solitary confinement were shepherded to listen (in individual enclosures) to the preacher's Sunday sermon – their only permitted interaction with another human being. Adelaide, the capital of South Australia has long been known as the City of Churches and its St Peter's Anglican Cathedral is a noted city landmark. The oldest building in
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7434-554: The National Church Life Survey estimated that 155,000 Australians attended an Anglican church weekly, down from 191,600 in 1991. However, the church does tabulate figures on clergy, which are used to allocate diocesan representation at General Synod. In 2015, there were 2,441 active bishops, priests and deacons in the church, up from 2,340 in 1991. The Australian church consists of twenty-three dioceses arranged into five provinces (except for Tasmania ) with
7611-525: The Social Gospel , who wanted more Church attention to the social ills of society, and conservative elements. The opposition of the strong conservative evangelical forces within the Sydney diocese limited the liberals during the 1930s, but their ideas contributed to the formation of the influential post-World War II Christian Social Order Movement. It remained the largest Christian denomination until
7788-407: The metropolitical sees in the states' capital cities. Anglican clergy are concentrated in Australia's major cities, with the five metropolitical dioceses accounting for 64 per cent of active clergy. When adding the mixed urban and rural dioceses of Canberra and Goulburn, Newcastle, Northern Territory and Tasmania, urban areas account for 79 per cent of active clergy. The evangelical Diocese of Sydney
7965-640: The 1840s for a railway linking Sydney and Parramatta , with an eastern terminus close to the Sydney city centre. Although the Sydney Railway Company first applied to the government for four blocks of land between Hay and Cleveland streets in 1849, the Surveyor General favoured Grose Farm, now the grounds of the University of Sydney . It was further from the city and less costly to develop. The company finally exchanged land in
8142-474: The 1860s and gathered strength (while also generating opposition) in the 1870s. In 1884–5, the parish introduced a cross and candles on the altar, a credence table, festal processions with cross and banners, daily services of Holy Communion, eucharistic vestments and choral Communion services. A correspondent to the London Church Times in late 1884 said of Christ Church "It is, indeed, an oasis in
8319-418: The 1874 station at midnight of 4 August 1906. During the remainder of that night, the passenger concourse was demolished and the line extended through the old station into the new station. The Western Mail arrived at 05:50 on 5 August 1906 at the new station. Devonshire Street, which separated the two stations, became a pedestrian underpass to allow people to cross the railway line and is now known by many as
8496-558: The 1986 census. After World War II , the ethnic and cultural mix of Australia diversified and Anglicanism gave way to Roman Catholicism as the largest denomination. The number of Anglicans attending regular worship began to decline in 1959 and figures for occasional services (baptisms, confirmations, weddings and funerals) started to decline after 1966. In recent times, the Anglican and other Christian churches of Australia have been active in ecumenical activity. The Australian Committee for
8673-415: The 20th century. Since 1985 the church has permitted the ordination of women on a diocesan basis. The first woman to be ordained was Marion Macfarlane , ordained to the "Female Diaconate" in 1884 in the Diocese of Melbourne. In 1992, the first women were ordained as priests , initially in the Diocese of Perth and then around the country. In 2008, the Diocese of Perth consecrated the first female bishop,
8850-402: The Australian productions is the great east window, the third to occupy this position. Installed in 1906, it depicts the crucified and glorified Christ, worshipped by over fifty human figures and twenty angels. It is the work of John Radecki (1865-1955). This window is his first major independent work. In 2020, the church's repertoire of stained glass was completed when two lights were added to
9027-575: The Benevolent Asylum grounds, the convent along the northern side of Pitt Street where it debouches upon George Street. The result will be a fine, broad thoroughfare, tree bordered to form the entrance to the city... ...Mr O'Sullivan is also conferring with Mr S Horden to see if an arrangement can be made for the purpose of widening Gipps Street, at present a narrow thoroughfare before any new buildings are erected. By planting these broad streets on each side with trees, Mr O'Sullivan contends that
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#17327936116319204-522: The Brisbane diocese. She shared that the bishops and leaders of the Diocese of Brisbane "have assisted in arrangements for enabling [her] public recognition of gender." Inkpin, who is married to the Revd Penny Jones, one of the first female priests ordained in Australia, is the first openly transgender priest in Australia. The State Library of Queensland interviewed Inkpin and her wife about
9381-538: The City Railway whilst four would carry the country trains to the Sydney Terminal. An above ground station would include a link to allow the transfer of passengers and baggage to the Sydney Terminal. This new station was constructed on the east side. South of the station buildings, additional works built to accommodate the electrification and expansion of the city and suburban lines included extensions to
9558-586: The Cross is observed on Fridays in Lent. Clergy and a group of trained parishioners take communion to people who are in hospital or housebound. Other sacraments are administered as requested. The offices of Morning and Evening Prayer are read daily, in accordance with the prescription of the Book of Common Prayer . These offices follow A Prayer Book for Australia , except Evening Prayer or Evensong on Sunday which follows
9735-629: The Devonshire Street Tunnel. An 85.6-metre-tall (281 ft) clock tower in the Free Classical style was added at the north-western corner of the station, opening on 12 March 1921. The clock was designed by Richard Lamb and Alfred Fairfax, the co-founders of Fairfax & Roberts. On a continuous axis with the first station building, Belmore Park originally fronted the first Hay and Corn Markets in Hay Street. When
9912-481: The Devonshire Street station could accommodate was 20,000; the new station would be able to accommodate 40,000. The location of the cab rank was also discussed, it having been decided not to incorporate a cab rank inside the building so that the new station could be "kept entirely free from the smell, which the standing of horses under the roof must certainly involve". The last train departed platform 5 of
10089-518: The Evangelical diocesan, Bishop Frederic Barker (Bishop of Sydney, 1854-1882). The most significant dispute with Christ Church occurred in 1868 when Barker ordered the removal of an image of the cross above the altar from the newly installed tiled reredos. Following Bishop Barker's death, the parish, under Charles Garnsey, began to adopt Anglo-Catholic practices, which had appeared in England in
10266-724: The National Aboriginal Bishop (currently Chris McLeod ) is based in South Australia (as an assistant bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Adelaide ); while the National Torres Strait Islander Bishop (currently vacant) is based at Thursday Island, Queensland (as an assistant bishop of the Anglican Diocese of North Queensland ). Gloria Shipp was the first woman elected Chair of NATSIAC. Anglicans have played
10443-494: The Old Burial Ground Site. The royal commission in 1897 again considered the city railway extension because of dangerous congestion at Redfern and recommended using Hyde Park. Then, after an investigative trip overseas, Henry Deane prepared alternative proposals for a new railway terminal for the government in 1900. The second scheme proposal called for the resumption of the Devonshire Street cemeteries, but this
10620-538: The Oxford and Anglo-Catholic movements. The church's women and its upper and middle class parishes were most supportive, overcoming the reluctance of some of the men. The changes were widely adopted by the 1920s, making the Church of England more self-consciously "Anglican" and distinct from other Protestant churches. Controversy erupted, especially in New South Wales, between the politically liberal proponents of
10797-513: The Parish of St Lawrence to the surrounding suburbs, each of which eventually became independent parishes: Redfern and Waterloo ( St Paul's , 1855), Surry Hills ( St Michael's , 1852), and the Glebe (St John's, Bishopthorpe, 1856). Bishop Broughton laid the foundation stone of the present Christ Church on 1 January 1840. The site, at the apex of Pitt and George Streets, was set amidst institutions from
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#173279361163110974-675: The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Public Works advised that a royal commission should be constituted to "inquire into the question of bringing the railway from its present terminus at Redfern into the city". The findings of the commission, favouring a site in St James Road, were released in 1897. The term Central Station was now in common use. The public works annual report of 1896–1897 noted that "the Railway Construction Branch
11151-762: The Perth motion. In 2015, the Bishop of Wangaratta endorsed same-sex marriage legislation and some diocesan clergy offered to perform gay marriages when allowed to do so. In the Diocese of Grafton , former bishop Sarah Macneil took an affirming stance. Bishop Greg Thompson of the Diocese of Newcastle had taken a stance in favour of gay rights. In 2015, an arm of the Anglican Church in Southern Queensland voted in favour of same-sex civil unions. Also, Bishop Kay Goldsworthy appointed an openly gay and partnered priest to another post. In response,
11328-520: The Railway Commissioners with the accompanying comment by the "Board of Experts" advising on the design of Central Station "we are of the opinion that either one or the other of the architectural designs which accompany this report may with confidence be adopted". Of the two façade options, that of Gorrie McLeish Blair was reputedly selected. The 1901/02 Annual Report describes the progress a year later, "work has progressed vigorously during
11505-587: The Rt Revd Kay Goldsworthy . In 2014, the Diocese of Grafton consecrated and installed the first female diocesan bishop, the Rt Revd Sarah Macneil . Bishop Kay Goldsworthy became the second female diocesan bishop when she was enthroned as bishop of Gippsland then in 2018 she was installed as Archbishop of Perth. The dioceses of Sydney , North West Australia and formerly The Murray did not ordain women as priests. In 2017,
11682-609: The Scottish Episcopal Church for its acceptance of same-sex marriage as well as an additional resolution calling for the church in Australia "to have a series of conversations on its understanding of sexuality". Also in 2017, the Diocese of Perth in Western Australia elected Bishop Kay Goldsworthy as its archbishop. Goldsworthy said that she supports an "inclusive" approach to same-sex marriage. "Archbishop Goldsworthy revealed that she had voted Yes in
11859-716: The Society for Promoting Church Music and the Ecclesiological Society which he addressed in London in 1851. Walsh was the foremost proponent in Sydney of the early writings of the Oxford Movement (or “Tractarians”). He was on at least one occasion referred to as "the chief Puseyite" (a usually pejorative term derived from the name of E. B. Pusey , a leader of the Oxford Movement). The result
12036-413: The Stations of the Cross by Piedmontese painter Luigi Morgari (1857-1935), these have been superseded, from the late 1960s, by original art works. Many of these works were produced by parishioners of Christ Church. The works include: The most recent major commission is the Orthodox Icon Series (2005) by Earle Backen. The set of 14 icons depicts scenes from the life of Jesus and the Church and carries on
12213-440: The Sydney Terminus was to be a collaboration between the architect and the railway engineers. The layout was largely determined by the planning requirements of the railway engineers, to which an appropriate architectural style was overlaid. However, the initial scheme did not contain the required accommodation and an enlargement of the building was approved by the minister. The cost estimate was now £ 610,000. The board were to fulfil
12390-413: The Sydney synod passed a resolution criticising the actions of the Dioceses of Gippsland and Wangaratta, and declaring a break "of collegiality and fellowship" with the dioceses. In 2016, the Bishop of Ballarat declared his support for same-sex marriage. In April 2016, a parish in the Diocese of Perth blessed the union of a same-sex couple. At its general synod in 2017, a resolution was passed criticising
12567-419: The United Kingdom – though most of Australia's Roman Catholic immigrants had come from Ireland. After World War II, Australia's immigration program diversified and more than 6.5 million migrants arrived in Australia in the 60 years after the war, including more than a million Roman Catholics. Unlike other churches, the Anglican Church of Australia does not publish churchwide attendance statistics. In 2011,
12744-467: The Wellington Valley, New South Wales, but it ended in failure: indigenous people in the 19th century demonstrated a reluctance to convert to the religion of the colonists who were seizing their lands. In 1842 the Diocese of Tasmania was created. In 1847 the rest of the Diocese of Australia was divided into the four separate dioceses of Sydney , Adelaide , Newcastle and Melbourne . Over
12921-585: The World Council of Churches was established in 1946 by the Anglican and mainline Protestant churches. The movement evolved and expanded with Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches later joining and by 1994 the Roman Catholic Church was also a member of the national ecumenical body, the National Council of Churches in Australia . Since 1 January 1962 the Australian church has been autocephalous and headed by its own primate . On 24 August 1981
13098-635: The anniversary of the church's dedication in September. Though the choirs are mainly voluntary, between four and eight choral scholars, who are students or early-career musicians, are paid a stipend. At the Sung Eucharist on Sundays the congregation sings the ordinary, using a variety of musical settings, including some written specially for this service. At all services, hymns are taken from the New English Hymnal . The director of music
13275-529: The authorities as Anglicans. The Church of England lost its legal privileges in the Colony of New South Wales by the Church Act of 1836 . Drafted by the reformist attorney-general John Plunkett , the act established legal equality for Anglicans, Roman Catholics and Presbyterians and was later extended to Methodists. The Church Missionary Society established a mission to Aboriginal people in 1832 in
13452-412: The blessing of same-sex civil unions. The dioceses of Wangaratta and Newcastle have approved of blessing rites for same-sex marriages. Blessings for same-sex unions are also permitted in the Diocese of Brisbane . In 2012, the Diocese of Gippsland appointed an openly partnered gay priest. In 2013, the Diocese of Perth voted in favour of recognising same-sex unions. Archbishop Roger Herft vetoed
13629-493: The blessing of same-sex relationships and supported "recognition of lifelong friendships between two homosexuals which would give them the same legal status as a heterosexual married couple". A spokesman for Phillip Aspinall , the Archbishop of Brisbane, stated that "In effect it is an undertaking not to ordain, license, authorise or appoint persons whom the bishop knows to be in a sexual relationship outside of marriage." At
13806-534: The brick fields. The adjacent field which is today Belmore Park was known as the "police paddock", after the police barracks. The remains exhumed from the cemetery were re-interred at several other Sydney cemeteries including Rookwood and Waverley cemeteries. Bodies were moved to Botany by steam tram motors and flat cars. E. O'Sullivan, the Minister for Works, in 1901, established the [Central] Station Advisory Board, comprising railway experts to "investigate
13983-551: The brothers Edwin, Harry and Mark Horwood. Harry Horwood later became a prominent stained-glass maker in Ontario, Canada. Of historical interest is Clutterbuck's memorial window for the family of Sir Alfred Stephen , Chief Justice of New South Wales (1845–1873). Four windows were manufactured in Australia and installed between 1894 and 1912. They are the work of Lyon & Cottier , F Ashwin & Co and John Ashwin & Co, Sydney's premier stained-glass firms in that period. One of
14160-546: The building of retaining wall, Pitt Street, between Hay Street and the Ambulance Depot, near Devonshire-street; the tramway arrival and departure bridges, the piers of which have been carried up to impost and girder-bed level. Shop fronts and arcades in Pitt-street ... the whole of [the] arcade with shop fronts and front wall to the main building from Pitt-street to the extreme eastern end of the building, including
14337-474: The building, arrangement of the approaches and viaducts, the ground level colonnade and the position of the clocktower are all similar to the subsequent scheme, which was actually constructed. By June 1901, work had begun on forming the site of the new station at Devonshire Street, the PWD Annual Report for 1900/01 noting that "a great deal of preliminary work has had to be done in the preparation of
14514-477: The burial ground in Devonshire Street was offered as compensation, public sentiment still opposed the loss of Hyde Park. The initial designs for a near Sydney Terminal were prepared by Henry Deane, the Engineer-in-Chief of Railway Construction in consultation with the Railway Commissioners. Deane is reputed to have prepared 10 schemes for the royal commission. Although the St James location was preferred,
14691-441: The case of Central station, "the levels permit of its being carried on underground by means of subways and lifts at suitable points". The mail was also to be transferred by subway. The train shed roof was to be designed to have a central span of 198 ft (60 m) with two sides spans of 78 ft (24 m). Three pin trusses were to be employed, which were to be brought to the ground to provide intermediate support. The roof
14868-534: The cedar pews and repainting the timber ceiling, pillars and sanctuary panelling. The repainting restored colours and decorative elements covered over by Herman. The lighting system was entirely replaced, the sound system upgraded and environmentally responsible heating and cooling installed. When Edmund Blacket was appointed architect he redesigned the windows, introducing the present stone tracery. The windows were at first glazed in simple decorative patterns. As parishioners donated memorial windows, figural stained glass
15045-475: The chancel while the High Mass choir remained in the chapel. The church's first organ, built by George Holdich of London in 1844, was destroyed by fire in 1905. The present organ, built by William Hill & Sons of London in 1891, was privately owned in Sydney before it was bought by the parish in 1905. It was restored by Orgues Létourneau of Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, in 1979. As well as its liturgical function,
15222-578: The choir regularly gives concerts. In recent years, performances have included Bach's St John Passion (2023 & 2022), Handel's Messiah (2021), Charpentier's Te Deum and Vivaldi's Gloria (2019), Buxtehude's Membra Jesu nostri (2018) and Bach's Mass in B minor (2017). Concerts and the orchestral Mass are accompanied by the church's ensemble-in-residence, the Muffat Collective, a period instrument quartet, augmented by other professional musicians. The Collective also gives several concerts annually at
15399-416: The church officially changed its name from the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania to the Anglican Church of Australia. Although the Book of Common Prayer remains the official standard for Anglican belief and worship in Australia, An Australian Prayer Book (AAPB) was published in 1978 after a prolonged revision of liturgy. Another alternative service book, A Prayer Book for Australia (APBA),
15576-524: The church were the toll gates and toll house designed in "gothick" style by convict architect Francis Greenway . Economic recession halted construction of Christ Church between 1841 and 1843, when Edmund Thomas Blacket took over as architect. Bishop Broughton consecrated the church on 10 September 1845 with the title of Christ Church. In common usage it became known as Christ Church, Saint Lawrence (see above). The parish adopted Saint Laurence of Rome (with that spelling) as patron saint in 1884, giving rise to
15753-444: The church. The first rector, W. H. Walsh, commissioned the original six bells from John Taylor & Sons of Loughborough in 1852. They were installed when the spire was completed in 1855. They were retuned and matched with four new bells by Whitechapel Foundry of London in 1982 and reinstalled on a new steel frame in 1984. In accordance with tradition, the 10 bells are named in honour of saints or benefactors. The social action of
15930-675: The church. Other instrumental and vocal concerts are occasionally held in the church. The choir has released several recordings, including a project to record music for the whole liturgical year. It has toured extensively in New Zealand, the UK and continental Europe, and the United States, with residencies in Westminster Abbey and St Paul's Cathedral, London, and services at Notre-Dame, Paris. The choir's first known performance
16107-680: The city of Canberra is the picturesque St John the Baptist Church in Reid, consecrated in 1845. This church long predates the city of Canberra and is not so much representative of urban design as it is of the Bush chapels which dot the Australian landscape and stretch even into the far Outback . A number of notable Victorian era chapels and edifices were also constructed at church schools across Australia. Along with community attitudes to religion, church architecture changed significantly during
16284-408: The clerical, professional, traffic and audit branches. The railway is to cross Devonshire Street, which as a street for heavy traffic will cease to exist. It will be lowered and modified, to suite pedestrian, cab and light traffic only, with a width of 50ft. The heavy traffic hitherto taken over Devonshire Street will be diverted along Belmore Road and a new street which is to be made on the east side of
16461-522: The colony in December 1838, with a fairly obvious alcohol problem) for the first three months of 1839. William Horatio Walsh , a newly arrived deacon, was appointed in April 1839. Bishop Broughton ordained him in September 1839 and Walsh held the position of incumbent of the parish until 1867. Walsh is considered the first rector of Christ Church St Laurence. The incumbent's responsibilities extended beyond
16638-414: The completion of the first stage of the main terminal building c. 1906 , was a gloomy building, the glass in the roof lantern not permitting a great deal of light to enter and the soot from the steam locomotives coating the surfaces with grime. The second station grew to 14 platforms before it was replaced by the present-day station to the north of Devonshire Street. In major metropolitan areas
16815-508: The consecration of the church in 1845, and possibly earlier, it is one of the oldest choral groups in Australia. The church's pipe organ was built by William Hill & Son , of London, in 1891 and installed in 1906. It is also listed on the NSW State Heritage Register. The church has an active program of support for people who are socially marginalised, including the homeless and asylum seekers. This work originates in
16992-609: The convict era. Across Pitt Street (now the site of Central railway station ) were the Carters' Barracks (where convicts still underwent punishment on treadmills), the police superintendent's residence and the Benevolent Asylum (1821, operated by the Benevolent Society of New South Wales ). Beyond the eastern boundaries of these institutions lay the Devonshire Street Cemetery (1820). To the south of
17169-705: The current diocese or have formed other Anglican churches: The church is a member of the Christian Conference of Asia . The Anglican Diocese of Sydney has been a leading name in the Anglican realignment , since they first opposed the sexuality policies of the Episcopal Church of the United States and the Anglican Church of Canada . Archbishop Peter Jensen attended the first Global Anglican Future Conference , in June 2008, in Jerusalem , and
17346-405: The demand for platform space during peak times resulted in additional branch lines and platforms being constructed adjacent to the passenger station. These lines were brought in front of the station, obscuring it from view and isolating the verandah. By 1890 Whitton's station building had become engulfed within a sea of sheds and tram platform canopies. The second Redfern station, demolished following
17523-418: The diocese. Although he himself was not a conservative evangelical, and was leader of liberal evangelicals in England before his coming, he believed that the eucharistic vestments were not lawful in the Church of England. The parish complied under protest in order to secure appointment of a new rector. The chasuble was worn for the last time inside Christ Church on 19 April 1911. Since that date, priests have worn
17700-463: The division. The diocese vowed to provide support for orthodox Anglicans both within the Anglican Church of Australia and the breakaway Diocese of the Southern Cross. Since the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, the Anglican Church of Australia had been the largest religious denomination until the 1986 census, after which Roman Catholics outnumbered Anglicans by an increasing margin. The percentage of Anglican affiliation peaked in 1921 at 43.7%, and
17877-558: The earlier scheme. During 1899 a Parliamentary Standing Committee had debated whether the major public buildings should be constructed of brick with a sandstone trim or all sandstone. This committee determined that, for major public buildings, sandstone should be used. Two designs, by members of the Government Architects Branch, were submitted for the façades in October 1901 to the Minister for Public Works and to
18054-562: The east wing have been carried up to the first floor level. The 1908 Royal Commission for the Improvement of the City of Sydney and its Suburbs offered two schemes which, in providing vehicular access, attempted to resolve the discrepancy in scale between Belmore Park and the station building. The scheme presented by John Sulman consisted of two circular roadways, one above the other, around Belmore Park. The Commissioners, however, favoured
18231-407: The ecclesiastical parish. The origins of the name of the parish were unknown, even in 1845, when the incumbent William Horatio Walsh wrote: “The Governor, (which, I know not), or Surveyor-General, who originally laid out the parochial limits, will supply any further information as to the origin of the nomenclature of the parish. The only St Lawrence I know of was ... a Deacon, who was burnt at Rome in
18408-401: The end of the docks and the main buildings is the assembly platform, 70ft wide. On the platform level will be booking offices, waiting rooms, cloak and luggage offices, lavatories, convenient refreshment rooms, dining rooms, etc. The basement will be devoted to kitchens, stores, baggage rooms, offices for minor officials, and a dining room for the Railway Commissioners and their staffs, including
18585-479: The extent of the resumption there would, in addition to a terminus, be room for the extension of the goods yard and the erection of a carriage shed and post office. The existing lines were at a higher level than the Burial Ground, so rather than lowering the existing railway track, the tramlines were to be raised to serve a high level station. The Public Works Committee passed the design on 7 June 1900, however,
18762-510: The first stage of the station in 1906. It was the obvious location for expansion when new platforms were added to the original complex to provide the electrical city and suburban connection in 1926. The grand station building is eclipsed from view at street level by the Elizabeth Street ramp, and the later semi-circular classical entrance portico to the city connection is in refined contrast to the rusticated blocks and heavy treatment of
18939-470: The first, second and third blocks, between Hay and Devonshire Streets, for an increased area of eight hectares (twenty acres) in the fourth block, the Government Paddocks, between Devonshire and Cleveland Streets. Hence, the site of the first Sydney railway terminus was located here from 1855. The original Sydney station was opened on 26 September 1855 in an area known as Cleveland Fields. It
19116-559: The following 80 years the number of dioceses increased to 25. Sectarianism in Australia tended to reflect the political inheritance of Britain and Ireland. Until 1945, the vast majority of Roman Catholics in Australia were of Irish descent, causing the Anglo-Protestant majority to question their loyalty to the British Empire . The Australian Constitution of 1901 provided for freedom of religion . Australian society
19293-434: The general synod. The first Church of England edifice was built in the colony of New South Wales in 1793. Today, most towns in Australia have at least one Christian church. One of Australia's oldest Anglican churches is St James' Church in Sydney, built between 1819 and 1824. The historic church was designed by Governor Macquarie 's architect, Francis Greenway – a former convict – and built with convict labour. The church
19470-419: The gradual enlargement and extension of the railway to the northern end of the city and in the same year Railway Commissioner, E. M. G. Eddy, proposed a terminal city station at the corner of Elizabeth Street and St James' Road. The route of the latter was virtually the same as that for 1879, however, the new site for the terminus included half of the northern end of Hyde Park . Although 6 hectares (16 acres) of
19647-405: The homeless. There are around 145 Anglican schools in Australia , providing for more than 105,000 children. Church schools range from low-fee, regional and special needs schools to high-fee leading independent schools such as Geelong Grammar (whose alumni include Charles III and Rupert Murdoch ) and The Kings School in Sydney. Anglican Schools Australia is the national schools network of
19824-442: The intersection of gender, faith, religion and identity for their "Dangerous Women" podcast. Controversy over LGBT issues caused a split from the church in 2022: a former Archbishop of Sydney, Glenn Davies , alongside two congregations, left the Anglican Church of Australia to form the newly-formed Diocese of the Southern Cross which is affiliated to the conservative Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans (GAFCON). The split
20001-479: The issue of women's ordination, particularly as bishops, continues to divide traditionalists and reformers within the church. As of November 2013 five dioceses had not ordained women as priests and two had not ordained women as deacons. The most recent diocese to vote in favour of ordaining women as priests was the Ballarat diocese in October 2013. In 2008, Kay Goldsworthy was ordained as an assistant bishop for
20178-411: The level of Prince Alfred Park." In early 1902, the design of the terminus building was changed yet again, at the request of the "Board of Experts" advising on the design of Central that "the station building has been increased in height by one storey, and considerably in length of front, and an east wing added. A tower also of fine proportions has been included. The completed building consequently shows
20355-400: The level of detail and materials varied considerably. The first station building was extended almost immediately, a shed being constructed at the southern end to cover an additional 30 metres (100 ft) of platform. When the station became inadequate for the traffic it carried, a new station was built in 1874 on the same site and was also called Sydney Terminal. The Second Sydney Terminal
20532-399: The light of later principles of Gothic Revival style. Edmund Thomas Blacket (1817-1883) started work on Christ Church when construction revived in 1843. He completed the tower and steeple and the timber ceiling, and redesigned the windows. Interior design features by Blacket include the font, pulpit, carved pew-ends, and panelling at the west end (originally part of a choir gallery). In 1873
20709-473: The main building. The Liverpool riot of 1916 , sometimes called the "battle of Central station", took place after soldiers rebelling against camp conditions had raided hotels in Liverpool and travelled to the city by commandeered trains. Upon arrival at Central station, the rioters set about destroying the station facilities, and fire was exchanged between rampaging rioters and military police . One rioter
20886-500: The metropolitan for the province. In June 2023 the Synod of The Murray voted to allow the ordination of women as priests and on 12 August 2023, Bishop Keith Dalby ordained three women and one man to the priesthood. Of the 23 Anglican dioceses in Australia, only two have never ordained women to the priesthood: the Diocese of Sydney and the Diocese of North West Australia . The Diocese of Armidale does not generally ordain women to
21063-591: The new road in front of the Station, also for the Devonshire-Street subway and for the whole of the basement floors, including drainage, telephone tunnels, &c." At this stage, the estimated cost of the works was 561,600 pounds, however, it was "probable that his estimate will be exceeded". The necessary tramway deviations, 2.75 miles (4.43 km) of track, were laid in 1901–02 using day labour. The track consisted of rails laid on sleepers. The curve and
21240-722: The new station appears to have been designed on a grand scale, from the great elevated approaches down to the system of handling luggage underground." It is listed on the NSW State Heritage Register and the now defunct Register of the National Estate . Henry Deane, in a lecture given to the Sydney University Engineering Society in 1902, describes the layout of the Central Railway Station that
21417-551: The north window of the sanctuary. Depicting St Peter and St James the Great, they were made in the 1960s by Martin van der Toorn, the then proprietor of John Ashwin & Co. They were originally located in St Paul's Pro-Cathedral, Hay, in the Diocese of Riverina, New South Wales. Over the course of the first half of the twentieth century, Christ Church displayed a variety of framed art prints by Renaissance and later artists. Apart from
21594-449: The north, and St James', King Street (1822), near the centre. The Bishop of Australia, William Grant Broughton , saw the need for another church for the settlement at the city's southern boundary, then becoming a poorer industrialised quarter. This part of Sydney was in the "civil" or "cadastral" Parish of St Lawrence, an administrative division later used only to identify the location of properties for land transactions, but at that time also
21771-521: The number of active baptised members was 437,880 – about 14%. The steep decline in church membership and attendance has mirrored the experience in many first-world, mostly post-modern nations. One explanation for the reduced prevalence of Anglicanism relates to changes in Australia's immigration patterns . Before the Second World War , the majority of immigrants to Australia had come from
21948-553: The number of persons indicating Anglican affiliation in an Australian census peaked in 1991 at 4,018,779. In the 2011 census, 3,679,907 people nominated their religious affiliation as Anglican. Ten years later, the total was 2,496,273 – a decline of almost one-third, 32 per cent. Those figures represented 17.1% and 9.8% respectively of the census populations, a decline of 42%. In 2016, the Journal of Anglican Studies stated that of approximately 3.1 million with an Anglican affiliation,
22125-438: The organ (1914). Clamp also designed a chancel screen, installed in 1922 but removed in 1942. The screen, like the chapel and Clamp's organ-case, had a crown of thorns motif carved in its woodwork. After a land exchange with the New South Wales government when Central railway station was built, Clamp designed a new rectory and vestries (1904) and a new school building, now the parish hall (1905). These brick and stone buildings use
22302-421: The organ is heard in a monthly Sunday-afternoon recital, and appears on a number of recordings. The Hill organ is supplemented by a 2011 continuo organ by Henk Klop of Garderen, Netherlands. An independent entity, St Laurence Music Incorporated, was established in 2001 to promote the appreciation of choral, organ and orchestral music through performances, recordings, tours and scholarships at or in association with
22479-548: The parish has a long history that stretches back before the creation of government welfare agencies and the state school system. For almost a century until 1934, the parish, initially with the support of the St Laurence Parochial Association, provided education through the parish schools. In the 1880s, the need to care for the sick and poor of the parish was met by the Guild of St Laurence Mission. In
22656-479: The poles were manufactured by local engineering firms including Clyde Engineering Co. The Permanent Way (i.e. track) was imported either from England or America. The construction of the first stage of the station began in June 1902 and was completed in August 1906. By 30 June 1903 the following works had been completed: ... the total quantity earth removed is about 250,500 cubic yards. This has been used to level up
22833-516: The present Redfern Station was officially called "Eveleigh". Although called "Redfern Station", the first and second Sydney Terminals were never actually located in Redfern, being to the north of Cleveland Street, which is Redfern 's northern boundary. The first and second station buildings were both in the form of a shed which covered the main line. A photograph of the exterior of the first station taken in 1871 shows vertical boarding, windows with
23010-555: The priesthood but two women were ordained priest for the Anglican girls school. In the Seventeenth Session of the General Synod of the Anglican Church of Australia in 2017, the Anglican Church passed a motion recognising "that the doctrine of our church, in line with traditional Christian teaching, is that marriage is an exclusive and lifelong union of a man and a woman, and further, recognises that this has been
23187-524: The question of the design and arrangements of the station". The members included Walter Liberty Vernon , both of the chief engineers of the New South Wales railway (for railway construction and existing lines respectively), and the chief engineers of the Queensland and Victorian railways. The committee also considered a suitable design for the new Flinders Street station in Melbourne . The design for
23364-481: The rail terminus tended to be located within the inner core of the city. The site of the first and second station termini was inconveniently located for the city. Initially, a horse-bus service operated from the station to the city and both the engineer-in-chief, John Whitton , and the Chief Commissioner for Railways, B. H. Martindale, recognised the urgency of a city rail extension. In 1877, John Young,
23541-447: The remains to a cemetery of their choosing, however, the majority of bodies removed were relocated, at government expense, to the new cemetery at La Perouse. The Belmore Park to Fort Macquarie Electric Tramway was also constructed in 1900–1901. The earlier brick and sandstone design, with a mansard roof, was abandoned in favour of an all sandstone terminus building which largely incorporated the same passenger, tram and vehicle separation as
23718-426: The return of SEC "to the doctrine of Christ in this matter" and the restoration of the impaired communion. The Anglican Church of Australia was represented at GAFCON III , held in Jerusalem on 17–22 June 2018, by a 218 members delegation, which included Archbishop Glenn Davies of Sydney and bishops Richard Condie of Tasmania , Gary Nelson of North West Australia and Ian Palmer of Bathurst . In 2022
23895-438: The sacraments, ritual, music and social action, all of which have been prominent features of Anglo-Catholicism since the 19th century. The parish dates from 1838 and the church building from 1845. It was the first Anglican church in the city to be consecrated by a bishop and is the second-oldest of the city's Anglican church buildings still in use. The first architect was Henry Robertson, who was soon succeeded by Edmund Blacket ,
24072-457: The same time, Archbishop Aspinall stated that he personally does not take an official position. Despite what the spokesman said, however, an Anglican priest came out as gay in 2005 in Melbourne. In the Diocese of Perth , "there are gay and lesbian clergy serving in the priesthood." Archbishop Roger Herft, as a diocesan bishop, "support[ed] blessing gay unions". In 2012, a bishop "appoint[ed]
24249-493: The same time, the church does not have an official stance on homosexuality itself. During a meeting, the House of Bishops stated that they "accept the weight of 1998 Lambeth Resolution 1.10 and the 2004 General Synod resolutions 33, 59 and 61–64 as expressing the mind of this church on issues of human sexuality ... and understand that issues of sexuality are subject to ongoing conversation". A former primate, Peter Carnley, supported
24426-720: The same-sex marriage survey." In 2022, Goldsworthy ordained an openly gay man in a civil partnership in Perth. Regarding transgender issues, there are dioceses and congregations with serving transgender clergy. In 2017, Archbishop Phillip Aspinall asked for "prayerful support" for the Revd Josephine Inkpin who had transitioned and come out as a transgender woman. "The Archbishop of Brisbane Dr Phillip Aspinall supported Dr Inkpin and passed on her statement to clergy in July 2017, along with his wish that 'unhelpful speculation' might be avoided." Inkpin continues to serve in
24603-502: The sanctuary and chancel in 1884–5 to reflect the parish's adoption of Anglo-Catholic liturgy. John Burcham Clamp (1869-1931), a former pupil of the parish school (Christ Church School), was parish architect from 1899 and was responsible for the restoration of the interior of Christ Church after a fire in August 1905. His work includes the reredos (1905), a font cover (1904), the St Laurence Chapel (1912) and screening under
24780-656: The sequence commenced in the Triptych of the Incarnation . They are displayed throughout the year, except in Lent and Holy Week, when the Stations of the Cross are displayed in their place. All the activities of Christ Church St Laurence have their origin in the worship of God. That worship takes the form of at least 25 public services every week. Mass is celebrated three times on Sunday, twice on Wednesday and once on other days, with additional celebrations on major feast days. On Sundays and feast days High Mass or Solemn Mass
24957-456: The site for the new station and the extension of the railway, owing to the necessity of removing the bodies from the old cemetery and providing a new cemetery to receive the remains, as well as the demolition of the buildings and disposal of the material. The work of clearing and levelling is now well in hand." "Private removals were commenced on the 29th of February 1901 and at the end of the year 1,145 bodies had been removed." Families could remove
25134-431: The social character of the parish's neighbourhood, which has a history of poverty, immigration, and transience. Social action will increase in future years, following the creation of the separately administered Christ Church St Laurence Charitable Trust. In 1838, fifty years after the foundation of New South Wales, Sydney possessed only two permanent Anglican churches, St Philip's Church Hill (1810; present building 1856) to
25311-495: The spoil excavated for the foundations". A more detailed account is given of the excavation: "the excavation to the docks and main building containing some 80,000 cubic yards, has been taken out and the material removed to Belmore Park, where it forms the tramway embankments and raises the general level of the park. About 30,000 cubic yards of material from the Castlereagh-street cutting have been utilised in improving
25488-406: The station site as required. Belmore Park has been raised to carry the tramways to the station... The Sports Grounds Moore Park (cycling ground) have been formed and the best of the clay had been disposed of to Messrs. Goodlet & Smith at their brickworks ... The whole of the foundations to the main buildings have been taken out and concreted. On 21st July, 1902, the first order for building stone
25665-441: The station. Cabs will enter the station from Devonshire Street. The exit for cabs will lead into Pitt Street by an inclined ramp and subway, thus avoiding any crossing on the level of the path of either pedestrians or tramcars. The main approach to the station will be opposite the intersection of George and Pitt Street, and foot passengers, and cabs and other vehicles will enter here. Departure for vehicles will be effected by means of
25842-486: The subject of several General Synod resolutions over the past fifteen years". In 2018, the then-Primate of Australia and Archbishop of Melbourne, Philip Freier , released an ad clerum reiterating the current position that clergy cannot perform a same-sex marriage. In 2020, the church's highest court, the Appellate Tribunal, ruled that a diocese may authorise the blessing of persons in same-sex unions. At
26019-497: The third century.” At the bishop's expense, a temporary church was set up in the Albion Brewery on the corner of Elizabeth Street and Albion Street. This temporary "Saint Lawrence Church" operated from 1838 to 1845. In the first years, two priests were appointed as ministers of the Parish of St Lawrence, Thomas Steele (who was also responsible for the Parish of Cook's River) in 1838 and Edmund Ashton Dicken (who had arrived in
26196-556: The third station was located one block further north, it linked up with the southern side of Belmore Park. The park then fortuitously provided a green foil to the commanding city front of the station. In 1902, the Railway and Tramway Construction Branch, headed by Henry Deane, reported that "plans and detail drawings have been prepared in the office for the whole of the retaining wall and shops in Pitt-Street, both north and south of
26373-703: The unusual double dedication which has survived. The first rector, W. H. Walsh, like Bishop Broughton, was associated with the High Church group in England which was led by Joshua Watson and which also included Edward Coleridge. Walsh was also associated with High Church organisations – the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel , which initially funded Walsh's stipend, and the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge . Walsh also corresponded regularly with
26550-414: The war of 1914–18, the parish offered a "cheero" in the hall, feeding and entertaining servicemen passing through Central Railway Station. Anglican Church of Australia [REDACTED] The Anglican Church of Australia , originally known as the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania , is a Christian church in Australia and an autonomous church of the worldwide Anglican Communion . It
26727-475: The west, Eddy Avenue in the north, Elizabeth Street in the east and the Devonshire Street Tunnel in the south. Parts of the station and marshalling yards extend as far south as Cleveland Street , and are located on the site of the former Devonshire Street Cemetery . There have been three terminal stations in Sydney. The railway arrived in New South Wales in 1831. Proposals began in
26904-568: The wishes of the minister that "the building should be a monumental work of stateliness and beauty". An early proposal for the new terminus, and the changes to the surrounding area, were reported in the Sydney Mail in 1901: One of the reforms to be incidentally effected will be the widening of Pitt Street near the railway to 100ft. The width will secured by taking in land on the right already resumed or in Government hands, and including
27081-546: The year. All the old buildings and human remains have been removed from the site and the foundation stone was laid at the corner of Pitt-street and the New Belmore road on the 30th April. The information of New-Street, 2 chains in width, the extension of Castlereagh-street and the widening of Hay and Elizabeth Streets is well forward. The levelling of the whole site is practically finished, and great improvements have been made to Belmore and Prince Alfred Parks by filling in with
27258-433: Was a gothic church interior, with an ordered liturgy – Sung Matins and Evensong supported by a robed choir, and frequent Communion services with an offertory of sacramental alms and a surpliced preacher. Bishop Broughton wrote of the worship at Christ Church: "I have heard objections stated to some of the arrangements in the celebration of divine service, as savouring of novelty and innovation; but I am bound to say that there
27435-419: Was a more substantial brick station building, initially with two platforms. The second station building was constructed on the site of the first station, the main hall spanning the up and down mainlines. Separate platforms and facilities were provided for arriving and departing passengers. The new station building appears to have taken three years to complete: the drawings are dated 1871, while the official opening
27612-408: Was a temporary timber and corrugated iron building, constructed rapidly in late August to early September 1855, in time for the opening of the line to Parramatta for passenger trains. This station (one wooden platform in a corrugated iron shed), called "Sydney Terminal", had Devonshire Street as its northern boundary. It was frequently but unofficially called "Redfern Station", while at that time,
27789-602: Was attempted, Selfe's proposal is recalled in the Elizabeth Street ramp which was built in 1925 to allow the extension of an electric connection to the city. The park, needless to say, was never raised to the height of the assembly platform. The Elizabeth Street façade of the Sydney Terminus has received less attention. Facing the working class terraces in Surry Hills , the eastern wing was finished in brick rather than stone when shortage of funds hurried completion of
27966-454: Was attended by Archbishop Eliud Wabukala , from the Anglican Church of Kenya , their international chairman, Archbishop Stanley Ntagali , from the Anglican Church of Uganda , and Archbishop Glenn Davies , from the Anglican Diocese of Sydney . The then archdeacon of the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne , now bishop Richard Condie , of the Anglican Diocese of Tasmania , became chairman of FCA Australia. The Anglican Church of Australia passed
28143-770: Was built on a site previously occupied by the Devonshire Street Cemetery , South Sydney Morgue, the Convent of the Good Samaritan, the Sydney Female Refuge, police barracks and superintendent's residence (on Pitt Street), Christ Church Parsonage, the Benevolent Asylum (fronting Railway Square), a steam train depot (at the corner of Pitt Street with Garden Road), as well as some residential properties on Railway Place. The convent, female refuge and police barracks were all original part of "Carters Barracks", built in 1819 to house convict gangs working as carters on
28320-539: Was called upon to furnish voluminous plans and estimates of the cost of the various proposals brought before the commission. After a most exhaustive investigation, the Royal Commission reported, almost unanimously, in favour of the extension of the railway into the city by the route and according to the plan as described as the St James Road Scheme". In 1897, Norman Selfe drew up a scheme for
28497-399: Was cheaper and less contentious than the acquisition of Hyde Park. It was the second scheme which was eventually adopted. The earlier schemes to extend the lines further into the city would have been prohibitively expensive and would have required large scale resumptions. The site of the Old Burial ground was, in comparison, relatively easily obtainable as no private land was involved. Due to
28674-408: Was consecrated the first (and only) "Bishop of Australia" in 1836. In early Colonial times, the Church of England clergy worked closely with the governors . Richard Johnson , a chaplain, was charged by the governor, Arthur Phillip , with improving "public morality" in the colony, but he was also heavily involved in health and education. Samuel Marsden (1765–1838) had magisterial duties, and so
28851-403: Was created (in the former refreshment room, now the railway bar). Murals depicting railway scenes lined the walls and a terrazzo map of Australia was installed on the floor. In October 1980 a modernisation program at the Sydney Terminal commenced. The objective of the work was to improve the facilities for both passenger convenience and comfort. The start of this modernisation program coincided with
29028-512: Was currently under construction: In his lecture, he also discusses many of the technical aspects of the design including luggage handling, the lifts, the water towers, the train shed roof, which was subsequently deleted as a cost-cutting measure, the platforms and signalling. A novel method of luggage handling was designed for Central to "get rid of the objectionable luggage-trolley, which is always frightening nervous people". An overhead luggage carrying system had been developed in England, however, in
29205-537: Was endorsed by the Bishop of Tasmania , Richard Condie and the Archbishop of Sydney Kanishka Raffel , but was described as "dangerous for the Church" by the Archbishop of Canterbury , Justin Welby . The whole church is led by the primate, Geoffrey Smith , Archbishop of Adelaide . The provinces and dioceses are listed with each diocese's bishop or archbishop: A number of former dioceses have been merged into
29382-573: Was equated with the authorities by the convicts. He became known as the "flogging parson" for the severity of his punishments. Some of the Irish convicts had been transported to Australia for political crimes or social rebellion in Ireland, so the authorities were suspicious of Roman Catholicism for the first three decades of settlement and Roman Catholic convicts were compelled to attend Church of England services and their children and orphans were raised by
29559-539: Was for the consecration of Christ Church in September 1845, when it was augmented by members of the Sydney Choral Society. The choir was the first in New South Wales to wear surplices. The choir stalls were originally on each side of the aisle in the nave. In 1885 the choir moved into the expanded chancel. From the 1940s it sang in the St Laurence chapel, until 2022, when the Evensong choir returned to
29736-449: Was given to Mr Saunders, at Pyrmont Quarry. On the 6th of August Inspector Murray went to Pyrmont Quarry to arrange for starting work dressing stone. On the 7th August eleven masons started work, and on the 18th the first dressed stone was landed on the works from Pyrmont Quarry and was set in place on No. 3 Pier, arrival bridge, on the 19th August; and since that date 127,000 cubic feet have been built into place. This stone has been used in
29913-422: Was in 1874. The second station, like the first, was constructed to allow for a future extension of the line into the city, the lines initially extending just far enough past the building to accommodate a steam locomotive. John Whitton, the engineer-in-chief, designed a neo-classical station building to be constructed of brick, with the decorative detail formed using polychromatic and relief work. Almost immediately
30090-400: Was introduced. Ten windows were imported from England between 1855 and 1864. They include work by leading stained-glass companies of the mid-19th century: James Powell & Sons and Charles Clutterbuck and Clayton & Bell , all of London, and William Wailes , of Newcastle upon Tyne. The windows designed by Clayton & Bell were manufactured at Mells, Somerset, and are early work by
30267-414: Was officially opened on 4 August 1906 and opening for passengers on 5 August 1906. During Governor Macquarie 's term, the future site of the Sydney Terminal was beyond the limits of settlement, which were marked by the tollhouse located at the end of George Street and at the entrance to Railway Square . Central station was designed by the government architect, Walter Liberty Vernon . The new station
30444-419: Was predominantly Anglo-Celtic, with 40% of the population being Anglican. In the early years of the 20th century the Church of England transformed itself in its patterns of worship, in the internal appearances of its churches, and in the forms of piety recommended by its clergy. The changes represented a heightened emphasis on the sacraments and were introduced by younger clergy trained in England and inspired by
30621-442: Was published in 1995. In 1985 the general synod of the Australian church passed a canon to allow the ordination of women as deacons. In 1992 the general synod approved legislation allowing dioceses to ordain women to the priesthood. Dioceses could choose to adopt the legislation. In 1992, 90 women were ordained in the Anglican Church of Australia and two others who had been ordained overseas were recognised. After decades of debate
30798-468: Was shot dead and several were injured. The only remaining evidence of the gun battle is a small bullet-hole in the marble by the entrance to platform 1. This incident had a direct influence on the introduction of 6 o'clock closing of hotels in 1916, which lasted in New South Wales until 1955. The original proposal for electrification was for the North Shore line , from Hornsby to Milsons Point ,
30975-479: Was the chairman of GAFCON. The Anglican Diocese of Sydney and the Anglican Diocese of North West Australia have declared themselves in full communion with the Anglican Church in North America , started in June 2009, which represents Anglican realignment in United States and Canada. The Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans was launched in Australia on 26 March 2015, in a conference held in Melbourne that reunited 460 members, including 40 from New Zealand , and
31152-431: Was the outdoor "procession of witness" held as part of the annual dedication festival from 1926 until 1967. Sometimes led by as many as three thurifers, the processions featured parish organisations and guilds, clergy from around the Anglican Communion (in copes), the occasional mitred bishop (mitres being a rarity in Sydney), clergy from Orthodox churches, and representatives from sympathetic Sydney parishes and St Gabriel's,
31329-410: Was to be continuous. This truss and roof configuration was to be based on that of the Union Station, St Louis , visited by Deane in 1894. Such a roof would have rivalled those of the major metropolitan termini in Europe and America. The platform area was to be double that of the earlier station and correspondingly double the number of passengers could be accommodated. The maximum number of passengers that
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