57-706: Christian Social Party may refer to: Christian Social Party (Austria) Christian Social Party (Belgium) Christian Social Party (Belgium, defunct) Christian Social Party (Chile) Christian Social Party (Ecuador) Christian Social Party (Germany) Christian Social Union of Bavaria Christian Socialist Party (Hungary) Christian Social Party (Liechtenstein) Christian Social Party (Netherlands) Christian Social Party of Obwalden Christian Social Party (Switzerland) Christian Social Party (Venezuela) See also [ edit ] Social Christian Party (disambiguation) Topics referred to by
114-479: A Nazi two months earlier. His successor Kurt Schuschnigg had Dollfuß buried there; the regime named the church the "Seipel-Dollfuß Memorial Church". After the 1938 annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany , it had both coffins reburied in 1939: Seipel's coffin was moved to a grave of honor at the Vienna Central Cemetery . The grave is located directly next to the presidential crypt in front of
171-536: A "certain kind of merchant mentality" by which the people felt threatened in their economic existence. Austria, Seipel said, was "in danger of being dominated economically, culturally, and politically by the Jews." As a solution to the so-called Jewish question, he proposed recognizing the Jews as a national minority. While Seipel's politics were initially characterized by a belief in Austria's self-reliance, he later took
228-716: A Greater German sympathizer, for Austrian president , who was elected by the Federal Assembly on 9 December. All Chancellors of the First Austrian Republic from 1920 onwards were members of the Christian Social Party, and so was President Wilhelm Miklas , who succeeded Hainisch in 1928. The Social Democrats remained in opposition and concentrated on their Red Vienna stronghold, while the Austrian political climate polarized over
285-553: A Viennese carriage driver, Seipel graduated from an academic high school ( Staatsgymnasium ) in Vienna in 1895, then studied Catholic theology at the University of Vienna . He was ordained a priest on 23 July 1899 and received his doctorate in theology in 1903. Seipel was a member or honorary member of numerous Catholic student fraternities. In his 1907 work reflecting Catholic social teaching , Ethical Teachings on Economics of
342-516: A prominent Austrian jurist and the last Imperial Minister-President , who appointed him Minister of Social Welfare in his cabinet in late 1918. Although a monarchist , Seipel played a key role in helping the Christian Socialists accept the new republican system. He built up political Catholicism by aligning the clericals with Vienna's large bourgeoisie, often of Jewish descent. Over time, his political stance evolved: while initially
399-439: A source of misfortune for the country; but the one who is himself a fighter will not deny human respect even to the genuine fighter in the camp of the opponent. Now he is dead; the bourgeois parties have no personality to rise above mediocrity. At his bier we too can say of him: he was a man, taken all in all. The soldier does not refuse the last military honors to the fallen enemy. So to the great enemy we also send three salvos over
456-473: A speech that was clearly tinged with anti-Semitism, Seipel called for a numerus clausus – an enrollment limit – for Jews at higher-level schools, colleges, and universities "according to population". Seipel served as chairman of the Christian Social Party (CS) from 1921 to 1930. At his party's request, he was Chancellor of Austria in a Christian Social – Greater German coalition from 31 May 1922 to 20 November 1924. During his first term he personally coordinated
513-631: A strong supporter of the Austria–Hungary and the Habsburg dynasty , after World War I , he adopted a conciliatory approach toward socialists and democracy to prevent the establishment of a left-wing dictatorship . Later, between 1922 and 1924, he distanced himself from the socialists, forming alliances with capitalist and anti-Marxist groups. Disillusioned with democracy, by 1927, Seipel advocated for replacing it with an authoritarian system with clerical. A dominant figure in Austrian politics during
570-617: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Christian Social Party (Austria) The Christian Social Party (German: Christlichsoziale Partei , CS or CSP ) was a major conservative political party in the Cisleithanian crown lands of Austria-Hungary and under the First Austrian Republic , from 1891 to 1934. The party was affiliated with Austrian nationalism that sought to keep Catholic Austria out of
627-713: The First Austrian Republic , which replaced the Republic of German-Austria. Seipel's parliamentary group elected him to the club presidium, one of its leadership bodies. Seipel prevented the party from splitting in 1918 over the question of the abolition of the monarchy that was advocated by the Social Democrats and the greater Germans, the name for those who wanted Austria to join the German Reich (the Weimar Republic ). In March 1919 he spoke out against
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#1732764741725684-630: The Parliament building . In 1940 it was renamed after the Nazi Gauleiter Josef Bürckel ; on 27 April 1945 it became Seipel-Ring again and on 8 July 1956 it was given its present name, Dr.- Karl-Renner -Ring. In Hugo Bettauer's 1922 novel Die Stadt ohne Juden (The City Without Jews), the character of the Christian Socialist Chancellor Dr. Karl Schwertfeger, who has all Jews expelled from
741-676: The St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery Church , then called the "Dr. Karl Lueger Memorial Church" after the founder of the Christian Social Party. Dollfuß was buried in the Hietzing cemetery in Vienna. On 27 April 1934 the dictatorial city administration renamed the Ring of November 12, a part of Vienna's Ringstrasse commemorating the founding of the Republic, to the Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Ring in the section in front of
798-615: The Treaty of Saint-Germain , which prohibited any affiliation with Germany. It was ratified by the assembly on 21 October. However, in the following year the coalition broke up and Renner resigned on 11 July 1920, succeeded by the Christian Social politician Michael Mayr . Both parties agreed on scheduling new elections and the national assembly dissolved after it had passed the Constitution of Austria on 1 October 1920. Upon
855-575: The University of Vienna . He studied theology and was ordained as a priest in 1899. After serving in a rural parish, he returned to the imperial capital to pursue a doctorate. In 1908, he became an assistant professor of moral theology at the University of Vienna, and a year later, a full professor of the same discipline at the University of Salzburg , where he taught for the next eight years. Seipel took an interest in social, educational, and economic issues and became friends with Heinrich Lammasch ,
912-579: The 1907 Reichsrat elections, becoming the largest parliamentary group in the Lower House; however already in the 1911 elections, it lost this position to the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP). Though Minister-president Karl von Stürgkh had ignored the discretionary competence of the parliament during the 1914 July Crisis , the Christian Social Party backed the Austrian government during World War I . Nevertheless, when upon
969-479: The 1920s, Seipel served as Chancellor from 31 May 1922 to 3 April 1929, except for a period between 1924 and 1926. In 1922, he managed to end severe inflation through an international stabilization loan, although this meant subjecting state economic policy to the supervision of the League of Nations . Deeply anti-socialist, he led a government coalition of Christian Socialists and Pan- Germans . Considered brilliant and
1026-571: The Austrian Republic's new parliamentary democracy, he was clearly skeptical of it. During the preliminary deliberations on the Federal Constitution in 1920 and thereafter in 1922, Seipel advocated a partial weakening of parliament in favor of a federal president endowed with significantly more extensive powers. At the same time, Seipel supported the development of militant right-wing groups in Vienna, as seen above all in
1083-559: The Austrian citizenship of German soldiers in other cases, but Seipel adhered to his legal opinion. After fierce criticism from his own party and an assassination attempt on 1 June 1924, he resigned on 8 November 1924 but remained chairman of the Christian Socialist Deputies' Association. The would-be assassin, Karl Jaworek (or Jawurek), blamed Seipel for his poverty and shot the Chancellor at close range on
1140-600: The Bavarian Immigration Police considered deporting Adolf Hitler from Bavaria to Austria if he were released from prison early. Hitler had been serving time at Landsberg Prison in Bavaria since April 1924 following his failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. Seipel did not want the putschist and troublemaker back in Austria and sent Bavaria a statement saying that Hitler had become a German by serving in its army. Bavaria attested that Austria had recognized
1197-588: The CS with the Landbund, Heimwehr and other conservative groups. The party was finally dissolved with the entry into force of the "May Constitution" of 1934, the foundation of the Federal State of Austria . Defunct Prominent members of the CS included: [REDACTED] Media related to Christian Social Party (Austria) at Wikimedia Commons Ignaz Seipel Ignaz Seipel (19 July 1876 – 2 August 1932)
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#17327647417251254-643: The Christian Social Party formed a grand coalition with the SDAP under Karl Seitz . In the 1919 Austrian Constitutional Assembly election , the CS gained 35.9% of the votes cast, making it again the second strongest party after the Social Democrats. With its support the assembly enacted the Habsburg Law concerning the expulsion and the takeover of the assets of the House Habsburg-Lorraine. On 10 September 1919, Chancellor Karl Renner had to sign
1311-500: The Christian Social movement under Karl von Vogelsang (1818–1890) and the Christian Social Club of Workers , it was oriented towards the petit bourgeoisie and clerical-Catholic ; there were many priests in the party, including the later Austrian chancellor Ignaz Seipel , which attracted many votes from the tradition-bound rural population. As a social conservative counterweight to the "godless" Social Democrats ,
1368-523: The Christian Socialists' acceptance of the republic and their eventual abandonment of democracy. In his later years, Seipel supported constitutional reforms to establish an authoritarian government and worked closely with fascist groups like the Heimwehr ( Home Guard ), an organization similar to the German Freikorps . He died in 1932, suffering from diabetes and tuberculosis . The son of
1425-553: The Church Fathers, he was the first to use the phrase "economic ethics". In 1908 he joined the Catholic Theological Faculty of the University of Vienna. From 1909 to 1917 he was professor of moral theology at the University of Salzburg . There he published his study Nation and State (1916), which helped cement his later prominent role in the Christian Social Party. In the book he viewed the state –
1482-582: The GDVP and was elected chancellor on 31 May 1922. From 1929 onwards, the party tried to form an alliance with the Heimwehr movement. Because of the instability of this coalition the party leadership decided to reform a coalition with the agrarian Landbund . In the process of establishing the so-called Austro-fascist dictatorship, Christian Social Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß founded the Patriotic Front ( Vaterländische Front ) on 20 May 1933, merging
1539-555: The Lower Austrian sanatorium Wienerwald. Otto Bauer dedicated an obituary to him in the Arbeiter-Zeitung ( Workers' Newspaper ), in which he attested to Seipel's "honest inner conviction": He fought us with all means and all weapons; we fought him too. The fact that he was not a man of compromise, but a man who felt comfortable only in ruthless struggle, may often, may especially in the years since 1927, have been
1596-556: The State of Germany founded in 1871, which it viewed as Protestant and Prussian-dominated; it identified Austrians on the basis of their predominantly Catholic religious identity as opposed to the predominantly Protestant religious identity of the Prussians. The party emerged in the run-up to the 1891 Imperial Council ( Reichsrat ) elections under the populist Vienna politician Karl Lueger (1844–1910). Referring to ideas developed by
1653-400: The aid of a League of Nations loan which was obtained when Austria officially renounced annexation to Germany. In order to fight the hyperinflation of the krone currency, the government prepared for the introduction of the schilling on 1 March 1925 and re-founded Austria's central bank, the Österreichische Nationalbank , with the task of securing monetary stability. In the fall of 1924
1710-403: The bier. Since Seipel was regarded by the Social Democrats as the epitome of reaction and of the alliance between clericalism and capitalism, the article was received with incomprehension by the party base. Bauer felt compelled to point out in another article the difference between "emotional socialists and trained Marxists". While the sentimental socialist hates the capitalist and the spokesmen of
1767-470: The cabinet of Carl Vaugoin . After the bankruptcy of the Creditanstalt Bank in 1931, he was to take over the reins of government again but was unsuccessful in forming a coalition. Decades later, Bruno Kreisky , Social Democratic Federal Chancellor from 1970 to 1983, criticized his own party for the 1931 events. Seipel had offered Otto Bauer , the head of the Social Democrats, a coalition at
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1824-477: The capitalist world, the Marxist understands his opponents as creatures of a hostile social order. Seipel "is to us, precisely because we are Marxists, because he fought us and we fought him, not a villain, but the 'creature of conditions of which he remains socially, however much he may subjectively rise above them'." The corporatist , Austro-fascist Federal State of Austria (1934–1938) considered Seipel to be
1881-746: The dissolution of the Monarchy in October 1918 the German-speaking Reichsrat representatives met in a "provisional national assembly", the 65 CS deputies voted for the creation of the Republic of German-Austria and its accession to Weimar Germany , though shortly after members of the party began to oppose German annexation. After the 1918 assembly had elected the Social Democrat Karl Renner state chancellor,
1938-477: The distribution of industry funds to right-wing militias. Seipel's primary concern was with their military efficiency; ideological proximity to the CS party was secondary. He focused on the right-wing Front Fighters Union of German Austria under the anti-Semite Hermann Hiltl , which he also helped re-arm with financial resources from the Hungarian Horthy regime . Seipel reorganized state finances with
1995-409: The electoral law and procedures; I see the root of the evil in the kind of party rule which developed in the times of constitutional monarchy and which has shot up unchecked after the removal of the correction that the monarchy provided. In my view, the one who saves democracy is the one who purifies it from party rule and thereby restores it again. In 1930 Seipel was briefly Austrian foreign minister in
2052-515: The fact that beginning in March 1920 he was a board member of the secret Association for Order and Law ( Vereinigung für Ordnung und Recht ). The group included monarchist and greater German representatives as well as military figures. It planned the forcible suppression of the Social Democrats and worked closely with the Bavarian right-wing radicals around Georg Escherich . In September 1920, in
2109-482: The following 1920 election , the CS gained 41.8% of the votes cast surpassing the Social Democrats and as the strongest party entered into a right-wing coalition with the newly established nationalist Greater German People's Party (GDVP). The National Council parliament, successor of the national assembly, re-elected Mayr chancellor in November 1920. The CS also nominated the non-partisan Michael Hainisch , actually
2166-556: The founding father of the regime. As Seipel's final resting place, the Christ the King Church was built in Vienna's working-class district of Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus , six blocks from Seipel's birthplace, on the initiative of the women's and workers' rights activist Hildegard Burjan and supported by Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß . Seipel's coffin was interred in the crypt of the church in the fall of 1934. Dollfuß had been assassinated by
2223-598: The fundamental attitude that opposed Austrian democracy. With the help of Austrian industrialists, Chancellor Seipel strengthened the role of the increasingly anti-democratic Heimwehr and remained its most influential advocate until his death. This made him the great enemy of the Social Democrats. In the Austrian town of Schattendorf on 30 January 1927, members of a right-wing paramilitary group fired on Social Democratic demonstrators, including members of its paramilitary Republican Protection League ( Republikanischer Schutzbund ), killing two and wounding five. The acquittal of
2280-624: The governor of Lower Austria , championed the interests of the Heimwehr by approving its march in Wiener Neustadt , as well as one by the Republican Protection League, against the express wish of Wiener Neustadt Mayor Anton Ofenböck. As Chancellor, Seipel was able to show his strength with a massive contingent of police and military. There were no violent incidents on the days of the marches. Seipel resigned from
2337-419: The height of the world economic crisis. The party executive, however, had not taken him up on it. "In retrospect, it seems to me clearly wrong not to have pushed harder for a compromise in order to be in government at such a critical moment. ... In my opinion, this was the last chance to save Austrian democracy," Kreisky wrote in 1986. Seipel had seen in the Jews a class that represented mobile large capital and
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2394-548: The men charged in the deaths led to the July Revolt of 1927 in Vienna during which police killed 89 protestors and wounded over 600. Afterwards, Social Democrats called Seipel a " prelate without clemency", a "prelate without mercy" and a "blood prelate". In his statement before the lower house of parliament, the National Council , on 26 July 1927, Seipel said, "In these days of misfortune, do not ask anything of
2451-640: The ministry of Heinrich Lammasch , the last "imperial and royal" government of the Empire. At the beginning of November 1918, Seipel handed over his official duties to the government of Karl Renner of the Social Democratic Party of Austria . It had been appointed on 30 October 1918 by the State Council of German-Austria , the executive body of the short-lived Republic of German-Austria . The Lammasch ministry remained formally in office at
2508-412: The most capable conservative politician of his time, Seipel shared with his socialist rival, Otto Bauer , a firm commitment to defending their principles. Within his party, Seipel belonged to the most radical and conservative faction, which included the most capable leaders. Even when not leading the government, he wielded significant influence in the Christian Social Party. He played a crucial role in both
2565-613: The next years. Chancellor Mayr had to resign as chancellor in 1922, after the Greater German People's Party left the coalition in disagreement over a treaty signed with the Czechoslovak republic concerning the Sudeten German territories. He was succeeded by Ignaz Seipel , CS chairmen since 1921. Seipel, a devout Catholic and fierce opponent of the Social Democrats, was able to re-arrange the coalition with
2622-467: The office of chancellor on 4 April 1929, although he continued in office until 4 May, when he was succeeded as head of government by Ernst Streeruwitz , also of the Christian Social Party. In all, five federal governments of the First Republic were under Seipel's leadership. Seipel was not satisfied with the First Republic's form of government. He was a major driver behind the push to strengthen
2679-472: The parliament and the government that would seem merciful to the victims and the guilty but would be cruel to the wounded republic." Seipel's statement was followed by an intensely heated parliamentary debate. The opposition seized on the phrase "without mercy" and linked it to their criticism of the excessive police action, for which they blamed Police Commissioner and former Austrian chancellor Johann Schober . In 1928, Seipel, in agreement with Karl Buresch ,
2736-485: The party gained mass support through Lueger's anti-liberal and antisemite slogans. Its support of the Austro-Hungarian cohesion and the ruling House of Habsburg also gave it considerable popularity among the noble class , making it an early example of a big tent party. Upon the implementation of universal suffrage (for men) under minister-president Max Wladimir von Beck , the CS gained plurality in
2793-433: The platform of a Vienna train station. Jaworek was sentenced to five years of hard labor. Theodor Körner , a retired general and successful Social Democratic candidate for parliament in 1924, paid tribute to Seipel during the election campaign. The Innsbruck newspaper Volkszeitung quoted him saying that Seipel was "as a character of integrity in every respect, a diligent, selfless worker". From 1926 to 1929, Seipel
2850-607: The request of the Emperor until his own withdrawal. While still an imperial minister, Seipel was involved in formulating the declaration of abdication that the Emperor signed on 11 November 1918. On the same day the Emperor dismissed the Lammasch ministry. On 16 February 1919 Seipel was elected on the Christian Social ticket to the Constituent National Assembly , the body that adopted the constitution for
2907-405: The role of the federal president that was realized in the 1929 amendment to the federal constitution. Seipel negotiated it with the Social Democrats and "probably thought of himself as the future holder of the office". Under the political slogan of "true democracy", he proposed a cleansing of the system from the "evil of party rule": I myself do not attach too much importance to the mere reform of
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#17327647417252964-485: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Christian Social Party . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christian_Social_Party&oldid=1226956372 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Political party disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
3021-592: The self-governing political entity – as the primary justification of sovereignty, rather than the nation – a group that shares a common culture, as for example speakers of German. In 1917 he was appointed professor at the University of Vienna, succeeding the moral theologian Franz Martin Schindler. On 27 October 1918, during the final days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , Emperor Karl I appointed Seipel Minister of Public Works and Social Welfare in
3078-420: The two parties' annexation euphoria on the grounds that annexation of German Austria to the German Reich was generally rejected by the victorious Allies of World War I and would endanger the peace treaty. In 1920 he nevertheless broke the Christian Social Party away from the coalition with the Social Democrats and formed an alliance with the nationalist Greater German People's Party . Although Seipel supported
3135-476: The view that without the German Reich Austrian politics were not meaningful. Seipel suffered from tuberculosis and also from diabetes as a consequences of the assassination attempt against him. In December 1930 he went to Merano for a cure, where he received a telegram from Pope Pius XI wishing him a speedy recovery so that he could "return to his so meritorious activity". He died in 1932 in
3192-599: Was again Chancellor, fighting in particular against the Social Democrats. He united the CS with the Greater German People's Party, the Landbund (Rural Federation), and the National Socialist " Riehl and Schulz Group" to form an anti- Marxist front (the "Citizens' Bloc"). After the National Assembly election of 1927 in which Seipel's bloc won the majority of seats, there was a more rapid growth in
3249-570: Was an Austrian Catholic priest and conservative politician, who served as the Chancellor of the First Austrian Republic twice during the 1920s and leader of the Christian Social Party . He is considered the most prominent statesman of the Austrian right in the interwar period . Born into a modest bourgeois family, Seipel grew up in the town of Meidling , near Vienna , where he completed his studies before enrolling at
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