79-707: The Fairmont Le Château Frontenac , commonly referred to as the Château Frontenac , is a historic hotel in Quebec City , Quebec , Canada. The hotel is situated in Old Quebec , within the historic district's Upper Town, on the southern side of Place d'Armes . The Château Frontenac was designed by Bruce Price , and was built by the Canadian Pacific Railway company. The hotel is managed by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts . Opened in 1893,
158-455: A 2022 estimate, the population of Glenboig was 2,990. Historically the settlement formed the south eastern extremity of the ancient Gaelic province of the Lennox (Scottish Gaelic: An Leamhnachd) which lay roughly within the former county of Dunbartonshire . The etymology of the name is uncertain but may mean "boggy or soft glen". Some online maps refer to the area as Marnock but locals call
237-615: A French settlement here in 1608, and adopted the Algonquin name. Quebec City is one of the oldest European settlements in North America. The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec ( Vieux-Québec ) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico . This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the "Historic District of Old Québec". Common English-language usage distinguishes
316-415: A common occurrence. On average, Quebec City receives 1,190 millimetres (46.85 in) of precipitation, of which 899 millimetres (35.39 in) is rain and 303 millimetres (11.93 in) is the melt from 316 centimetres (124.4 in) of snowfall per annum. The city experiences around 1,916 hours of bright sunshine annually or 41.5% of possible sunshine, with summer being the sunniest, but also slightly
395-456: A fish and chip shop, and a Londis store. Within the community there are many small businesses including a flower arrangers, architectural design service and mortgage brokers and professional tree surgeons . In 2015, a new road was authorised between Glenboig and Gartcosh on the other side of the M73 motorway, as part of a 'community growth area' expansion involving new business units (alongside
474-478: A greater emphasis on Gothic elements. The hotel also draws certain elements from Victorian style of architecture , with rich polychromatic surfaces throughout its exterior. Built in 1892–93, the Château Frontenac was originally designed by architect Bruce Price . Price's plan called for a horseshoe-shaped hotel, made up of four wings of unequal length, connected at obtuse angles. Public rooms made up
553-520: A land area of 452.3 km (174.6 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,214.8/km (3,146.3/sq mi) in 2021. According to Statistics Canada, there were 839,311 people residing in the Quebec City census metropolitan area. In 2016, 20.6% of the resident population in Quebec City was of retirement age (65 and over for males and females) compared with 16.9% in Canada. The median age
632-566: A lower percentage of Indigenous Canadians (1.8%) than the national average of 5.0%. The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 45,230 persons or 8.5% of the total population of Quebec City. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were France (7,360 persons or 16.3%), Colombia (2,865 persons or 6.3%), Morocco (2,715 persons or 6.0%), Ivory Coast (2,500 persons or 5.5%), Cameroon (2,225 persons or 4.9%), Algeria (1,920 persons or 4.2%), Tunisia (1,795 persons or 4.0%), Democratic Republic of
711-960: A number of accounting and law firms have moved since the 2000s. Other suburban places identified by the city for their potential are the Lebourgneuf area for private offices, as well as Estimauville Street where the Government of Canada already has many civil servants and where several city officials are expected to move in the 2020s. Quebec City is known for its Winter Carnival , its summer music festival and its Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day celebrations. The Jardin zoologique du Québec , now closed, reopened in 2002 after extensive repairs before ultimately shutting permanently in 2006. It featured 750 specimens of 300 different species of animals. The zoo specialized in winged fauna and garden themes but also featured several species of mammals. While it emphasized Quebec's indigenous fauna, one of its main attractions
790-463: A result, in English, the federal government style distinguishes the city and province by spelling the city with an acute accent (Québec) and the province without one (Quebec). The government of Quebec spells both names "Québec", including when writing in English. In French, the two are distinguished in that province names including Quebec generally take definite articles , while city names do not. As
869-485: A result, the city is Québec and the province is le Québec ; "in Quebec City" is à Québec and "in the province of Quebec" is au Québec ; and so forth. The Algonquian people had originally named the area Kébec , an Algonquin word meaning "where the river narrows", because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant . Quebec City
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#1732772439179948-429: A template for other Canadian grand railway hotels erected in the late-19th to early-20th century. The central fortress-like tower design is derived from medieval châteaux found throughout France 's Loire Valley . Châteauesque elements include the hotel's asymmetrical profile, with steeply pitched roofs, massive circular and polygonal towers and turrets, ornate gables and dormers , and tall chimneys. The exterior base of
1027-631: A woody area attested as Coteau Sainte-Geneviève [ fr ] . The area was affected by the 1925 Charlevoix–Kamouraska earthquake . The administrative region in which it is situated is officially referred to as Capitale-Nationale , and the term "national capital" is used to refer to Quebec City itself at the provincial level. Quebec City is classified as a hemiboreal humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb , Trewartha Dcbc ). Quebec City experiences four distinct seasons. Summers are warm and occasionally hot, with periods of hotter temperatures which compounded with
1106-434: Is 43.3 years of age compared to 41.2 years of age for Canada as a whole. In the five years between 2011 and 2016, the population of Quebec City grew by 3%. In 2021, 9.4% of Quebec City residents reported visible minority status, a relatively low figure for a large Canadian city; the national average was 26.5%. The largest visible minority group were Black Canadians , who formed 4.1% of the population. Quebec City also had
1185-574: Is also the domicile of the sole manufactory of the cigarette maker Rothmans, Benson & Hedges . While the traditional central business districts and their large office buildings are found on Parliament Hill (especially for provincial administration) and just below in Saint-Roch (nowadays notable for IT and the video game industry), a newer one has emerged in the Boulevard Laurier [ fr ] area of Sainte-Foy , where
1264-508: Is home to the earliest known French settlement in North America, Fort Charlesbourg-Royal , established in 1541 by explorer Jacques Cartier with some 400 persons but abandoned less than a year later due to the harsh winter and resistance of indigenous inhabitants to colonial incursion on their land. The fort was at the mouth of the Rivière du Cap Rouge , in the suburban former town of Cap-Rouge (which merged into Quebec City in 2002). Quebec
1343-472: Is now Gartcosh . Glenboig's brick making industries ceased after the closure of the last brickworks, P&M (Peter & Mark) Hurll's in July 1980. The village's first school was built between 1875 and 1876; it has since been replaced. Bedlay was a two shaft coal "pit"; one shaft had modern enclosed headgear while the other was of an older type. It was opened in 1905. On 11 December 1981, Bedlay Colliery in
1422-596: Is one of the oldest European settlements in North America and the only fortified city north of Mexico whose walls still exist. While many of the major cities in Latin America date from the 16th century, among cities in Canada and the United States, few were created earlier than Quebec City ( St. John's , Harbour Grace , Port Royal , St. Augustine , Santa Fe , Jamestown , and Tadoussac ). It
1501-521: Is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec . As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the metropolitan area had a population of 839,311. It is the twelfth -largest city and the seventh -largest metropolitan area in Canada. It is also the second-largest city in the province, after Montreal . It has a humid continental climate with warm summers coupled with cold and snowy winters. Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded
1580-508: Is the city's largest institutional employer, with more than 10,000 employees in 2007. The unemployment rate in June 2018 was 3.8%, below the national average (6.0%) and the second-lowest of Canada's 34 largest cities, behind Peterborough (2.7%). Around 10% of jobs are in manufacturing. Principal products include pulp and paper, processed food, metal/wood items, chemicals, electronics and electrical equipment, and printed materials. The city hosts
1659-430: The 2021 census , religious groups in Quebec City included: Most jobs in Quebec City are concentrated in public administration, defence, services, commerce, transport and tourism. As the provincial capital, the city benefits from being a regional administrative and services centre: apropos, the provincial government is the largest employer in the city, employing 27,900 people as of 2007. CHUQ (the local hospital network)
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#17327724391791738-553: The Acadian settlement at Port-Royal was established three years earlier, Quebec came to be known as the cradle of North America's Francophone population. The location seemed favourable to the establishment of a permanent colony. The population of the settlement remained small for decades. In 1629 it was captured by English privateers , led by David Kirke , during the Anglo-French War . Samuel de Champlain argued that
1817-572: The Charles de Gaulle , named after the former President of France , and the Elizabeth II , named for the former Queen of Canada . Aside from world leaders, the hotel also offers suites themed to Alfred Hitchcock , a director who filmed much of I Confess at the hotel; William Cornelius Van Horne , the second President of the Canadian Pacific Railway ; and Celine Dion . The Celine Dion Heritage Suite utilizes an Art Deco style throughout
1896-481: The Châteauesque -styled building has 18 floors; its 79.9-metre (262-foot) height is augmented by its 54-metre (177-foot) ground elevation. It is one of the first completed grand railway hotels , and was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1981. The hotel was expanded on three occasions, with the last major expansion taking place in 1993. The Château Frontenac is situated on 1, rue des Carrières, at
1975-636: The Citadelle of Quebec began in 1820. The Americans did not attack Canada after the War of 1812, but the Citadelle continued to house a large British garrison until 1871. It is still in use by the military and is also a tourist attraction. Until the late 18th century Québec was the most populous city in present-day Canada. As of the census of 1790, Montreal surpassed it with 18,000 inhabitants, but Quebec, which had about 14,000 of population at that time, remained
2054-429: The 2011 Fellows – Royal Architectural Institute of Canada. Access to the hotel's main entrance is marked by several porte-cochères with large dormers and a cupola . The porte-cochère leads guests into the hotel's central courtyard, as well as the entrance to the hotel's main lobby. The building stands 80-metre-tall (260 ft), containing 18 floors primarily made up of guest rooms and other hotel amenities. After
2133-529: The British governor general of Canada aimed at restoring the capital to its former 17th century look. One of the contributors to this project was Lord Dufferin , who supervised the construction of the old city wall and many public buildings that followed the theme of old, medieval, European Quebec. Dufferin also made a plan to reconstruct the Château Saint-Louis which was located on the cape where
2212-547: The Canadian Pacific Railway took control of the project. The Château Frontenac was completed in 1893, and was designed by American architect Bruce Price and overseen by William Van Horne , the Canadian Pacific Railway's general manager and a key developer of the Canadian railway hotel system. The hotel was a part of a series of Châteauesque-styled hotels built for the Canadian Pacific Railway company during
2291-574: The Château Frontenac currently stands and served as the home of the French governors from 1620 to 1834. Dufferin's plan did not take off until the City Council and the Board of Trade adopted the idea and planned to instead construct a grand hotel on the site to attract upper-class tourism to the area, but after failing to finance its construction, businessmen from Toronto and Montreal with connections to
2370-476: The Congo (1,315 persons or 1,315%), Haiti (1,120 persons or 2.5%), and Brazil (1,115 persons or 2.5%). The great majority of city residents are native French speakers. The English-speaking community peaked in relative terms during the 1860s, when 40% of Quebec City's residents were Anglophone . Today, native Anglophones make up only about 1.5% of the population of both the city and its metropolitan area. However,
2449-576: The English , but was successfully defended. In the last of the conflicts, the French and Indian War ( Seven Years' War ), Quebec was captured by the British in 1759, and held until the end of the war in 1763. In that time many battles and sieges took place: the Battle of Beauport , a French victory (31 July 1759); the Battle of the Plains of Abraham , in which British troops under General James Wolfe defeated
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2528-577: The English seizing of French lands was illegal as the war had already ended, and worked to have them returned to France. As part of the ongoing negotiations following the end of the Anglo-French War, in 1632 the English king Charles I agreed to return captured lands in exchange for Louis XIII paying his wife's dowry . These terms were signed into law with the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye . The colonies of Canada and Acadia were returned to
2607-472: The French Company of One Hundred Associates . In 1665, there were 550 people in 70 houses living in the city. One-quarter of the people were members of religious orders: secular priests, Jesuits, Ursulines nuns and the order running the local hospital, Hôtel-Dieu. Quebec was the headquarters of many raids against New England during the French and Indian Wars . In 1690 the city was attacked by
2686-522: The French General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm on 13 September 1759, and shortly thereafter took the city after a short siege. A French counterattack saw a French victory at the Battle of Sainte-Foy (28 April 1760) but the subsequent second Siege of Quebec the following month however saw a final British victory. France ceded New France , including the city, to Britain in 1763, when the French and Indian War officially ended. At
2765-486: The Saint Lawrence River which gave rise to industries of wooden sailing ships manufacture, export of squared timber logs . to Europe, as wall as associated enterprises such as sawmills . However, by the 1870s, Québec City entered a period of economic decline. Contributing factors included the rise of steel-hulled steamships, the expansion of railroads at the expense of waterways for continental commerce;
2844-494: The addition of the tallest tower in 1924, the hotel became the tallest building in Quebec City . It remained the city's tallest building until 1930, when the Édifice Price was completed just northwest of the hotel. Although several buildings in Quebec City are taller, the hotel continues to hold a prominent position in the city's skyline, as it is perched atop a tall cape overlooking the Saint Lawrence River. The Château Frontenac includes 610 guest rooms and suites spread throughout
2923-533: The administrative capital of the former New France. It was then made the capital of Lower Canada by the Constitutional Act of 1791 . From 1841 to 1867, the capital of the Province of Canada rotated between Kingston , Montreal , Toronto , Ottawa and Quebec City (from 1851 to 1855 and from 1859 to 1865). The city experienced an economic golden age in the 1800s, due to its favorable location on
3002-566: The area Glenboig. Glenboig's main industry was fireclay and Glenboig's name was known across the world. Glenboig's main industry was fireclay, centred on the General Refractories and Glenboig Union Fireclay Company Limited's Star Fireclay Works, which made refractory products for the steel and iron industries. Aerial photographs of the works are available. The Glenboig Union Fire-clay Company Limited dates back to 1836. Glenboig's only railway station closed in 1956. The closest
3081-617: The atop Cap Diamant , an elevated point of the promontory. The Citadelle serves as an active military installation for the Canadian Armed Forces , as well as a secondary official residence for the Canadian monarch and the Governor General of Canada . East of the hotel lies the Terrasse Dufferin, and Old Quebec's Lower Town directly below it. The Château Frontenac was not the first large building on
3160-558: The city from the province by referring to the former as Quebec City. According to the Government of Canada, the Government of Quebec, and the Geographical Names Board of Canada, the names of Canadian cities and towns have only one official form. Thus, Québec is officially spelled with an accented é in both Canadian English and French . However, province names can have different forms in English and French. As
3239-501: The city's Citadel in 1871, contributed to the exodus of English speaking populations, such as local bourgeoisie of Scottish origin or workers of Irish background, to Montreal in the second half of the 19th century. Anglophones made up approximately 40% of the city's population in 1861, but 16% in 1901. Before the Royal Military College of Canada was established in 1876, the only French-speaking officer training school
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3318-447: The construction of new offices and condos. Northern sections (Loretteville, Val-Bélair) and eastern sections (Beauport, Charlesbourg) are mostly a mix of middle-class residential suburbs with industrial pockets. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Québec had a population of 549,459 living in 265,711 of its 283,219 total private dwellings, a change of 3.3% from its 2016 population of 531,902 . With
3397-488: The depletion of forest resources near major rivers upstream of Québec City and in the west of the province, which were transported to Québec's port by log driving ; the construction of locks on the Saint Lawrence Seaway , opening up trade routes to the U.S. from Montreal; and the city's inability to retain immigrant populations. This unfavourable context, coupled with the departure of the British army from
3476-406: The early to mid part of the 2000s. The village used to have two pubs - 'The Big Shop' and 'The Village Inn' formerly known as 'The Garnqueen' (after the neighbouring Loch) but colloquially among locals known as 'The Wee Shop' which closed circa 2009, and subsequently, became derelict. Glenboig also has a post office, hair salon, beauty salon, newsagents, a Chinese food takeaway, Indian food takeaway,
3555-414: The eastern edge of Old Quebec 's Upper Town, built on the promontory of Quebec , a raised mass of land that projects into the Saint Lawrence River . The hotel property is bounded by rue Saint Louis to the north, and rue Mont Carmel to the south. Terrasse Dufferin is a terrace that wraps around the hotel from the northeast to the southeast, overlooking the Saint Lawrence River. Two public roads run through
3634-492: The end of French rule, Quebec was a town of 8,000 inhabitants, surrounded by forests, villages, fields and pastures. The town was distinguished by its monumental architecture, fortifications, and affluent homes of masonry and shacks in the suburbs of Saint-Jean and Saint-Roch. Despite its urbanity and its status as capital, Quebec remained a small city with close ties to its rural surroundings. Nearby inhabitants traded their farm surpluses and firewood for imported goods from France at
3713-564: The headquarters of a variety of prominent companies, including: fashion retailer La Maison Simons , engineering firms BPR and Norda Stelo ; Cominar real estate investment trust; Beneva , Industrial Alliance , Promutuel, and Union Canadienne in the insurance sector; Beenox , Gearbox Software , Frima Studio , Sarbakan and Ubisoft in the computer games industry; AeternaZentaris and DiagnoCure in pharmaceuticals; Amalgame, Cossette and Vision 7 in marketing and advertising; Institut National d'Optique (INO) , EXFO, OptoSecurity in technology. It
3792-413: The high humidity, create a high heat index that belies the average high of 22–25 °C (72–77 °F) and lows of 11–13 °C (52–55 °F). Winters are cold, windy and snowy with average high temperatures −5 to −8 °C (23 to 18 °F) and lows −13 to −18 °C (9 to 0 °F). Spring and fall, although short, bring chilly to warm temperatures. Late heat waves as well as " Indian summers " are
3871-728: The hill, the Saint Lawrence Lowlands is flat and has rich, arable soil. Past this valley, the Laurentian Mountains lie to the north of the city but its foothills are within the municipal limits. The Plains of Abraham are located on the southeastern extremity of the plateau, where high stone walls were integrated during colonial days. On the northern foot of the promontory, the lower town neighbourhoods of Saint-Roch and Saint-Sauveur , traditionally working class, are separated from uptown's Saint-Jean-Baptiste and Saint-Sacrement [ fr ] by
3950-578: The hotel building, and has a perforated edge and is 13.5mm square. Printed by Ashton-Potter Limited. In 2001, the hotel was sold to Legacy REIT, which is partially owned by Fairmont, for $ 185 million. The hotel was renamed the Fairmont Le Château Frontenac in November 2001, shortly after Canadian Pacific Hotels reformed itself as Fairmont Hotels and Resorts , taking the name of an American company it acquired in 2001. In 2011,
4029-783: The hotel building. Eight executive suites were renovated into specialty "themed rooms". Most of the suites are themed to the heads of state and government that have visited the hotel, such as the Trudeau-Trudeau Suite, named after two Canadian Prime Ministers , Pierre Elliott Trudeau , and Justin Trudeau . The Churchill Suite and Roosevelt Suite are two suites named after attendees of the First and Second Quebec Conferences , British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and American President Franklin D. Roosevelt , respectively. Other suites themed in honour of world leaders include
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#17327724391794108-496: The hotel is largely made of grey stone ashlar , with steel framing running up the building, Glenboig brick cladding. Materials that make up the interior of the building includes mahogany panelling, marble staircases, carved stone, wrought iron, and glass roundels. However, as opposed to the other Châteauesque-styled buildings found in France, the Château Frontenac did not utilize elements of Italianate architecture , instead placing
4187-407: The hotel was sold to Ivanhoé Cambridge . Shortly after acquiring the hotel, Ivanhoé Cambridge announced an investment of $ 9 million for the restoration of the building's masonry work, and the replacement of the building's copper roofs. The company further announced another $ 66 million investment for general improvements and renovations throughout the hotel. When the roof was being replaced, an image of
4266-520: The hotel's rooftop garden . The honey is harvested three times a year and is used by the hotel's restaurants. The hotel has nearly 70,000 honey bees producing 295 kilograms (650 lb) of honey per year. The hotel's rooftop apiary also operates a pollinator hotel . The Château was the recipient of the 2022 Global Hotel of the Year Award. In the 1870s, a restoration project began in Quebec under
4345-512: The hotel, one in 1908–09, and another in 1920–24 (co-led with his brother, Edward Maxwell ). Renovations in the 1990s were led by one of Canada's most successful firms, Arcop , an architectural firm based in Montreal . The hotel was again expanded in 1993, with the addition of a new wing, which was led by a then young architect who is now one of the most respected architects in the hotel and hospitality business in Canada, Robert LaPierre, Member of
4424-602: The hotel, rue du Trésor, and rue des Carrières. The hotel building was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada , known as the Château Frontenac National Historic Site of Canada. The area was designated as a National Historic Site in January 1981. Located near the edge of the promontory of Quebec, the Château Frontenac is situated near several major historic attractions within the historic district of Old Quebec 's Upper Town. To
4503-449: The late 19th and early 20th centuries. The last of the Canadian Pacific Railway's Châteauesque hotels was completed in 1908, leaving the rival company Grand Trunk Railway to continue the trend. The hotel was expanded in 1924 to designs by William Sutherland Maxwell. The 1924 expansion saw the addition of the hotel's central tower, which was built by Anglin-Norcross of Montreal. The hotel was named after Louis de Buade, Count of Frontenac , who
4582-418: The majority of the first two floors of Price's designs. The original proposal called for a square structure, however the completion of the Terrasse Dufferin led to the development for a more picturesque building. Since its completion, the hotel has undergone several major expansions and renovations led by several different architects and architectural firms. William Sutherland Maxwell led two major expansions to
4661-476: The name of the latter remained the same as the historical town ( French : ville ) or parish municipality it replaced. Neighbourhoods each elect their own council, whose powers rest in public consultations . Compared to many other cities in North America, there is less variation between average household incomes between the neighbourhoods. However, some disparities exist. The southwest former cities of Sillery , Cap-Rouge and Sainte-Foy are considered to be
4740-463: The nearby village of Annathill was closed. In 2009 Glenboig Village Park was completely rebuilt after several million pounds of funding from The National Lottery dramatically increasing its size and including state of the art equipment. Historically the name of the settlement has changed. Before the brickworks the settlement was Garnqueen. In recent years the village has grown, with the addition of two new Redrow and Barrat housing estates in
4819-546: The newly created province of Quebec. During World War II, two conferences were held in Quebec City. The First Quebec Conference was held in 1943 with Franklin D. Roosevelt (President of the United States), Winston Churchill (Prime Minister of the United Kingdom), William Lyon Mackenzie King (Prime Minister of Canada) and T. V. Soong (minister of foreign affairs of China ). The Second Quebec Conference
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#17327724391794898-630: The northeast of the hotel lies the Ursulines Monastery of Quebec , a 17th-century monastery founded by a missionary group of Ursuline nuns, and another National Historic Site of Canada. To the south of the hotel lies the Plains of Abraham , a historic area within The Battlefields Park , and the site of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham . Another major attraction south of the hotel is the Citadelle of Quebec , situated at
4977-504: The province , and many suburbs of the north shore of the Saint-Lawrence were merged into Quebec City, taking the form of boroughs , thus constituting the boundary of present-day Québec City. In 2008 the city celebrated its 400th anniversary and was gifted funds for festivities and construction projects by provincial and federal governments, as well as public artwork by various entities, including foreign countries. Quebec City
5056-489: The roof was printed on polypropylene safety netting and hung from scaffolding to hide the refurbishing project from view. The extensive renovation saw conference rooms expanded, restaurants remodeled, modernization of the lobby, and the gutting and rebuilding of three-fifths of the hotel's rooms. It was used for a location in the television crime drama series La Faille ' s second season, also known as The Wall: The Chateau Murder (2021). Quebec City Quebec City
5135-535: The site. The first one was built during the 1780s, and was known as the Château Haldimand , named after the Governor of Quebec who ordered its construction. It was demolished in 1892 to make way for the present hotel. The Château Frontenac is one of Canada's grand railway hotels built by the Canadian Pacific Railway . The Châteauesque architectural style used throughout the hotel would later serve as
5214-436: The suite, decorated with images from Dion's family photographer. A number of rooms at the Château Frontenac are also occupied by restaurants and other food-based services. As of 2018, three restaurants operate within the hotel: 1608 Wine and Cheese Bar , Bistro Le Sam , and Champlain . As a part of Fairmont Hotels and Resorts ' larger "Bee Sustainable" program, the Château Frontenac hosts four queen honey bees in hives on
5293-505: The summer tourist season and the Quebec Winter Carnival attract significant numbers of Anglophone (as well as Francophone ) visitors, and English can often be heard in areas frequented by tourists. In 2021, according to Statistics Canada, 90.6% of Quebec City's population spoke French as their sole mother tongue. More than a third of city residents reported being capable of speaking both French and English. According to
5372-541: The two city markets. During the American Revolution , revolutionary troops from the southern colonies assaulted the British garrison in the city in the hope that the peoples of Quebec would rise and join the American Revolution so that Canada would join the Continental Congress , along with the other British colonies of continental North America. The American invasion failed, however, and
5451-499: The war resulted in a permanent split of British North America into two entitles: the newly independent United States of America , and those colonies (including Quebec) that remained under British control, which would later become the country of Canada . The city itself was not attacked during the War of 1812 , when the United States again attempted to annex Canadian lands. Amid fears of another American attack on Quebec City, construction of
5530-493: The wealthiest, along with some parts of Montcalm and Old Quebec. The city's traditional working-class areas are found in the lower town below Old Quebec (Saint-Sauveur and Saint-Roch) and directly across the Saint-Charles River to the north (Vanier and Limoilou). However, parts of Limoilou, Saint-Sauveur and particularly Saint-Roch have seen gentrification in the last 20 years, attracting young professionals and
5609-609: The wettest season. During winter, snow generally stays on the ground from the end of November till mid-April. The highest temperature ever recorded in Quebec City was 36.1 °C (97.0 °F) on 17 July 1953. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −36.7 °C (−34.1 °F) on 10 January 1890 and 14 January 2015. On 1 January 2002, the 12 former towns of Sainte-Foy , Beauport , Charlesbourg , Sillery , Loretteville , Val-Bélair , Cap-Rouge , Saint-Émile , Vanier , L'Ancienne-Lorette , Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures and Lac-Saint-Charles were annexed by Quebec City. This
5688-432: Was built on the north bank of the Saint Lawrence River , where it narrows and meets the mouth of the Saint-Charles River . Old Quebec is located on top and at the foot of Cap-Diamant , which is on the eastern edge of a plateau called the promontory of Quebec (Quebec hill). Because of this topographic feature, the oldest and most urbanized borough of La Cité-Limoilou can be divided into upper and lower town. North of
5767-399: Was founded by Samuel de Champlain , a French explorer and diplomat, on 3 July 1608, and at the site of a long abandoned St. Lawrence Iroquoian settlement called Stadacona . Champlain, who came to be called "The Father of New France ", served as its administrator for the rest of his life. The name "Canada" was given to the colony that developed around the settlement at Quebec. Although
5846-469: Was held in 1944 and was attended by Churchill and Roosevelt. They took place in the buildings of the Citadelle and at the nearby Château Frontenac . A large part of the D-Day landing plans were made during those meetings. Until 2002, Quebec was a mostly urbanized city and its territory coterminous with today's borough of La Cité-Limoilou . The Government of Quebec then mandated a municipal reorganization in
5925-538: Was one of several municipal mergers which took place across Quebec on that date. Following a demerger referendum, L'Ancienne-Lorette and Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures were reconstituted as separate municipalities on 1 January 2006, but the other former municipalities remain part of Quebec City. On 1 November 2009, Quebec City re-organized its boroughs, reducing the number from 8 to 6. Quebec City's six boroughs ( French : arrondissements ) are further divided into 35 neighbourhoods ( French : quartiers ). In most cases,
6004-545: Was the Governor General of New France from 1672 to 1682, and again from 1689 to 1698. The World War II Allies met there during the First and Second Quebec Conference (in 1943 and 1944 respectively). During these conferences, officials including American President Franklin Delano Roosevelt , British Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill , and Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King , discussed strategy for World War II . In 1953, this hotel
6083-622: Was the Indo-Australian greenhouse, which initially cost $ 14 million to build. It featured fauna and flora from regions surrounding the Indian Ocean . Glenboig Glenboig ( Scottish Gaelic : An Gleann Bhog) is a village in North Lanarkshire , Scotland lying north of Coatbridge and to the south east of Kirkintilloch and is approximately ten miles (sixteen kilometres) from Glasgow City Centre . According to
6162-583: Was the Quebec City School of Military Instruction, founded in 1864. The school was retained at Confederation, in 1867. In 1868, The School of Artillery was formed in Montreal. The Quebec Conference on Canadian Confederation was held in the city in 1864. In 1867, Queen Victoria chose Ottawa as the definite capital of the Dominion of Canada, while Quebec City was confirmed as the capital of
6241-524: Was used as the filming location for the final scene in Alfred Hitchcock's film I Confess , featuring Montgomery Clift and Anne Baxter . In 1993, the hotel saw another expansion, with the addition of the new wing that included a pool, fitness centre, and outdoor terrace. On June 14, 1993, Canada Post issued 'Le Château Frontenac, Québec' designed by Kosta Tsetsekas, based on illustrations by Heather Price. The $ C 0.43 stamp features an image of
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