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60-512: In the late 1990s, Cessna wanted to fill a gap in its midsize line-up as demand for its Cessna Citation III /VI/VII waned, with greater cabin comfort, performance and utility with Citation reliability, good runway performance, near transcontinental flight range to compete with the Hawker 800 , and a thrust-to-weight ratio to rival the climb performance of the Learjet 60 . The Citation Sovereign

120-608: A Gulfstream G750 ; in 2021 the Dassault Falcon 6X , Learjet 70 XR/75XR and Global 7500 XR; in 2022 the Bombardier Challenger 350XRS ; in 2023 the Citation Hemisphere , an Embraer Legacy 700, Phenom 100 V+, Dassault Falcon 9X, Bombardier Challenger 750 and Gulfstream G400NG ; in 2025 a Citation Mustang 2+. Most production business jets use two jet engines as a compromise between

180-642: A T-tail , the wing had an area of 312ft² (29m ) and an aspect ratio of 8.94, and an ER version targeted a MTOW of 18,300 lb (8,30 1kg) and an empty weight of 9,400 lb (4,264 kg). Assembly of the first production aircraft began in January 1979 and the first prototype made its maiden flight in May. However, the program was dealt a setback when the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) enacted new type certification regulations stemming from

240-471: A cruciform tail or T-tail to reduce interference drag and increase exhaust clearance. Practical limits on the ground clearance of these smaller aircraft have prompted designers to avoid the common jetliner configuration of a low wing with underslung podded engines. The sole business jet to use this layout, the early McDonnell 119, was rejected by the USAF due to foreign object damage concerns, leading to

300-601: A fighter . A U.S. type certificate was awarded in July 1958, but commercial sales were limited, with most examples going to the military; an improved civilian version similar to a modern very light jet , with a six-seat enclosed cabin and a conventional door, never proceeded past the prototype stage. The commercial failure of the MS.760 Paris prompted the cancellation of projects by Cessna and Douglas Aircraft to market similar jets. The development of center-aisle cabin business jets

360-466: A 44,500 lb (20.2 t) maximum take-off weight (MTOW), then two General Electric CF700 turbofans. The smaller, 17,760 pounds (8.06 t) MTOW North American Sabreliner , tailored to the USAF UTX requirement, first flew on 16 September 1958. Powered by two Pratt & Whitney JT12 turbojet engines then Garrett TFE731s , more than 800 were produced from 1959 to 1982. Designed in 1957 for

420-573: A business jet, Embraer derived the Legacy 600 from the Embraer ERJ family of regional jet airliners. Powered by two 8,800 pounds-force (39.2 kN) Rolls-Royce AE 3007s , the first flight of the 50,000 pounds (22.5 t) aircraft was on 31 March 2001. On 14 August 2001, the Bombardier Challenger 300 made its first flight. The 38,850 pounds (17.62 t) aircraft is powered by two 6,825 pounds-force (30.36 kN) HTF7000s . The 500th example

480-477: A five-year old aircraft is at 56% of the list price. A new business aircraft typically depreciates by 50% in five years before depreciation flattens between years 10 and 15, and the owner of a 15-to-20 year old aircraft is often the last, matching luxury cars . Business jets have varying value retention, between the leading Embraer Phenom 300 E, sold for $ 9.45 million in 2018 and expected to retain 68% of its value 15 years later for $ 6.46 million in 2033, and

540-488: A long range model 700 stretch of its original Citation I powered by three JT15Ds called Citation III, with a 17,500 lb gross weight, an 8,000 lb empty weight and a 7,500 lb fuel capacity leaving 2,000 lb for the occupants, and targeting 1978 deliveries. This would have gave it a transcontinental range. Cessna announced the 10 to 15 passengers, $ 2.5 million Citation III at the Fall 1976 NBAA convention. Scheduled for 1980,

600-595: A proposed transcontinental variant, the Citation IV , was canceled before reaching the prototype stage. An all new design, the Citation III had a 312 sq ft (29 m ) swept wing for a 22,000 lb (10 t) MTOW and a 2,350 nmi (4,350 km) range, a T-tail and two 3,650–4,080 lbf (16.2–18.1 kN) TFE731 turbofans. Its fuselage cross section and cockpit were kept in the later Citation X , Citation Excel and Citation Sovereign . In 1974, Cessna studied

660-545: A relatively austere budget-focused mid-sized jet; most were focused on luxury and prestige, and were more likely to either buy a preowned business jet with the features they wanted, or pay the premium for the more upscale cabin furnishings offered in the Citation VII. For $ 1.65 million more than the III, the Citation VII has more powerful engines to improve the payload-range and hot and high performance. The cabin interior

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720-564: A relatively high critical Mach number for efficient 445 kn (824 km/h) TAS cruise. It is powered by 5,770 lbf (25.7 kN) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW306C engines, derated from the Gulfstream G200 or Do 328JET , and uses Honeywell Primus Epic glass cockpit avionics with four LCD screens. The cabin maintains a 7,200 ft (2,200 m) altitude with the 9.3 psi (0.64 bar) pressurization and typically comprises double-club seating for eight, two more than

780-455: A single pilot and up to three passengers under a sliding canopy, and was first flown on 29 July 1954; 219 were built. The Lockheed JetStar , designed to meet USAF UCX requirements and seating 10 passengers and two crew, first flew on 4 September 1957. In total, 204 aircraft were produced from 1957 to 1978 powered by several different engines; four 3,300 lbf (15 kN) Pratt & Whitney JT12 turbojets, then Garrett TFE731 turbofans for

840-617: A time when the Sovereign fleet reached 349 and had flown 802,000 hours. Winglets were for a range of 150 to 3,000 nmi (280 to 5,560 km), new PW306 D engines with autothrottles provided 5,852 lbf (26.03 kN) of thrust for a 458 kn (848 km/h) top speed and a FL450 direct climb, full fuel payload was increased and the Garmin G5000 replaced the avionics. In March 2021, Cessna announced that Sovereign+ production had ended to reduce market overlap between it and

900-414: A total of 202 Citation IIIs being built. By 2018, The Citation III/VI/VII can be had for $ 0.5-1.5 million. The aircraft was equipped with a then-novel safety feature: in the event of an uncontrolled decompression of the cabin, the autoflight system's Emergency Descent Mode (EDM) activates (if the aircraft is above 34275 feet, the cabin altitude exceeds 13500 feet, and the autopilot is engaged) and places

960-673: A total of 689 examples, it is the first of the Cessna Citation family . The trijet Dassault Falcon 50 made its first flight on 7 November 1976. The 40,000 lb (18 t) MTOW airplane is powered by three 3,700 pounds-force (16 kN) TFE731 engines. With the cross-section of the Falcon 20, it is the basis of the larger Falcon 900 . On 8 November 1978, the prototype Canadair Challenger took off. The 43,000–48,000 lb (20–22 t) MTOW craft, usually powered by two 9,200 pounds-force (41 kN) General Electric CF34s , formed

1020-616: Is an American business jet produced by Cessna and part of the Citation family . Announced at the October 1976 NBAA convention, the Model 650 made its maiden flight on May 30, 1979, received its type certification on April 30, 1982 and was delivered between 1983 and 1992. The cheaper Citation VI was produced from 1991 to 1995 and the more powerful Citation VII was offered between 1992 and 2000; 360 of all variants were delivered, while

1080-513: Is an accepted version of this page A business jet , private jet , or bizjet is a jet aircraft designed for transporting small groups of people, typically business executives and high-ranking associates . Business jets are generally designed for faster air travel and more personal comfort than commercial aircraft , and may be adapted for other roles, such as casualty evacuation or express parcel deliveries , and some are used by public bodies , government officials , VIPs , or even

1140-654: Is expected to come from North America for 61%, 16% from Europe, 12% from Latin America, 7% from Asia-Pacific and 4% from Middle East and Africa. For the next decade, Aviation Week predicts 8,683 business jets and 2,877 turboprops deliveries, from 792 jets in 2019 to 917 in 2028, and mostly in North America with 5,986 jets and 2,024 turboprops worth $ 126.1 billion. Most value will come from ultra-long-range jets with $ 104.7 billion, followed by super-midsize jets for $ 33.3 billion and large jets for $ 30.6 billion. The fleet

1200-989: Is over 99%. The Learjet 60 cruises faster with less fuel but its cabin is smaller, the slower Hawker 900 XP has 100 mi (160 km) less range and a wider but shorter cabin like the Gulfstream G150 which has more range, speed and fuel economy. In 2017, the Sovereign were sold from $ 5 to $ 9 million for early 2004 models to 2013 aircraft. In 2013, two-thirds of the fleet was in the U.S. with NetJets as its largest operator with 44. In Americas, 20 were in Brazil, 12 in Canada and eight in Mexico. In Europe, ten were in U.K., nine in Germany, three in Czechia and in Austria, two in

1260-443: Is powered by two 1,600 pounds-force (7.2 kN) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW600s. With its Phenom 300 development, nearly 600 have been built. The first flight of the midsize, fly-by-wire , 7,000 lbf (31 kN) Honeywell HTF7000 -powered Embraer Legacy 500 was on 27 November 2012. It was followed by the shorter Legacy 450 on 28 December 2013. After peaking in 2008, deliveries slowed due to political instability but

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1320-578: The BAe 125 with new engines, either Garretts or Pratt & Whitney PW300s . At the time, the 473 kn, 2,385 nmi range Citation III was selling for $ 6.125 million. Cessna launched the $ 8.8 million Citation IV at the October 1989 NBAA convention in Atlanta. It was expected to fly in early 1992, to be certified at the end of the year and to enter service in mid-1993. Powered by Garrett TFE731 -4s, wingspan increased by 10% to 58.7 ft (17.9 m) and wing area

1380-594: The Cessna CitationJet was first flown. Powered by two 1,900 pounds-force (8.5 kN) Williams FJ44 engines, the 10,500 lb (4.8 t) light jet used a modified Citation II fuselage with a new wing and tail, and was subsequently developed into the CJ series and M2, ultimately replacing the Citation I, Citation II and Citation V series. The 2,000th CitationJet was delivered in 2017. The first flight of

1440-481: The Gulfstream G150 , plus a side facing seat, and can accommodate up to 11. It can carry a full fuel payload of 1,000–1,200 lb (450–540 kg) and can fly 2,840 nmi (5,260 km) at a block speed of 406 kn (752 km/h). It can take off at 3,640 ft (1,110 m) and climb to FL410 in 19 min and to FL430 in 26 min. It travels 400 nmi (740 km) in the first hour while burning 2,000 lb (910 kg) at FL410, 420 nmi (780 km)

1500-627: The Learjet 23 . Powered by two 2,850 pounds-force (12.7 kN) General Electric CJ610s , its 12,500 lb (5.7 t) MTOW complies with FAR Part 23 regulations. The first member of the Learjet family, 104 were built between 1962 and 1966. The forward wing-sweep, 20,280 lb (9.20 t) MTOW Hamburger Flugzeugbau HFB 320 Hansa Jet first flew on 21 April 1964, powered by two General Electric CJ610s; 47 were built between 1965 and 1973. The joint Piaggo-Douglas, 18,000 lb (8.2 t) MTOW Piaggio PD.808 first flew on 29 August 1964, powered by two Armstrong Siddeley Vipers ; 24 were built for

1560-536: The military . The first small, jet-powered civilian aircraft was the Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris , developed privately in the early 1950s from the MS.755 Fleuret two-seat jet trainer . First flown in 1954, the MS.760 Paris differs from subsequent business jets in having only four seats arranged in two rows without a center aisle, similar to a light aircraft , under a large sliding canopy similar to that of

1620-623: The Italian Air Force. On 2 October 1966 the first large business jet first flew, the 65,500 lb (29.7 t) MTOW Grumman Gulfstream II , powered by two 11,400 lbf (51 kN) Rolls-Royce Spey turbofans. From 1967 to the late '70s, 258 were built, and it led to the ongoing Gulfstream Aerospace long-range family. The 11,850 lb (5.38 t) MTOW Cessna Citation I first flew on 15 September 1969, powered by two 2,200 pounds-force (9.8 kN) Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D turbofans. Produced between 1969 and 1985, for

1680-481: The May 1979 crash of American Airlines Flight 191 , in which an engine separation on takeoff caused cascading flight control and warning system failures. The new regulations required aircraft manufacturers to mitigate failures of other aircraft systems that could result from the failure or separation of a jet engine, and the FAA demanded that the Citation III be modified to comply, requiring Cessna to make extensive changes to

1740-1004: The Netherlands. In Africa, eight were in Egypt, four in South Africa and one in Morocco. In Asia, eight were in Turkey, five in China, three in Australia and one in Jordan. Most corporate operators fly the aircraft 350- to 400-hr. per year, less for individuals while fractional ownership and air charter aircraft may be used 1,200 hr. per year. Data from Cessna. General characteristics Performance Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Cessna Citation III The Cessna Citation III

1800-665: The UCX requirement, the McDonnell 119 was delayed by the cancellation of the Fairchild J83 engine program, and first flew on 11 February 1959 powered by four Westinghouse J34 turbojets. The 119 was certified for a 45,328 lb (20.6 t) MTOW with four Pratt & Whitney JT12 or General Electric CF700 engines, but no firm orders were received, and only the single prototype was completed. The 25,000 lb (11 t) MTOW British Aerospace 125 first flew on 13 August 1962 as

1860-615: The United States. The aircraft is flown by a crew of two and it can seat up to 13 passengers but a typical corporate interior will seat six to eight passengers. It was developed in seven years for $ 240 million. The first production model, owned by golfer Arnold Palmer , set time to altitude aircraft records of 12 min 1 s to 12,000 m (39,350 ft), and 23 min 43 s to 15,000 m (49,200 ft), and an airspeed record from Gander Airport to Paris le Bourget in 5 h 13 min, averaging 429 kn. Production continued for nine years until 1992, with

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1920-551: The ability to use relatively short runways, and that lower approach speeds would ease single-pilot operations, particularly by relatively inexperienced owner-pilots. Rolls-Royce plc powers over 3,000 business jets, 42% of the fleet: all the Gulfstreams and Bombardier Globals , the Cessna Citation X and Embraer Legacy 600 , early Hawkers , and many small jets with the Williams-Rolls FJ44 . About 70% of

1980-408: The aircraft in a 35° left bank for approximately 48 seconds to turn 90 degrees, and descends at V MO -10 until reaching an altitude of 15,000 ft (4,600 m). However, the pilot has to manually deploy speedbrakes and spoilers, and retard throttles in order to achieve maximum descent rate. In 1988 Cessna studied a 4 ft (1.2 m) stretch, longer range Citation IV to better compete with

2040-470: The all-new Learjet 45 was on 7 October 1995. All of the 642 aircraft built since then have been powered by two 3,500 pounds-force (16 kN) TFE731 engines. Powered by two 2,300 pounds-force (10 kN) Williams FJ44s, the 12,500 pounds (5.7 t) Beechcraft Premier I light jet made its first flight on 22 December 1998. Nearly 300 had been made before production stopped in 2013. In the opposite way compared to Bombardier, which developed airliners from

2100-504: The basis of the long range Bombardier Global Express family and of the Bombardier CRJ regional airliners. The 1000th Challenger entered service in 2015. On 30 May 1979 the all-new 22,000 lb (10.0 t) MTOW Cessna Citation III took off for the first time, powered by two 3,650 lbf (16.2 kN) TFE731s. The Mitsubishi MU-300 Diamond made its first flight on 29 August 1978. The 16,100 lb (7.3 t) MTOW jet

2160-647: The de Havilland DH.125, powered by two 3,000 pounds-force (13 kN) Armstrong Siddeley Viper turbojets. Its engines were replaced by Garrett TFE731s, then Pratt & Whitney Canada PW300 turbofans. Almost 1,700 aircraft of all variants, including the Hawker 800 , were produced between 1962 and 2013. The Aero Commander 1121 Jet Commander, which later became the IAI Westwind , first flew on 27 January 1963, powered by two General Electric CJ610 turbojets, then Garrett TFE731s . Production of Jet Commanders and Westwinds from 1965 to 1987 came to 442 aircraft, and it

2220-433: The design changes, together with economic factors stemming from the early 1980s recession , resulted in a number of early-order cancellations. Despite this, the initial late 1982 production rate of one per month was expected to grow to seven per month by 1985. The FAA approved the type certificate of the Model 650 Citation III on April 30, 1982. It was the first aircraft with a supercritical wing to be type certificated in

2280-519: The failure of the program. The recent HondaJet uses wing-mounted engines but mitigates this problem with its unique over-the-wing engine pods. As with jetliners, swept wings are often used to increase cruise speed, but straight wings are also commonplace; notably, Cessna deliberately prioritized docile low-speed handling in choosing straight wings for many models in its popular Citation family, envisioning that owners transitioning from slower piston engined or turboprop aircraft would want to maintain

2340-481: The first engine supplier with 30% of the $ 24B revenue, in front of the current leader Rolls-Royce at 25%. Honeywell will hold 45% of the $ 16B in avionics revenue ahead of Rockwell Collins with 37% and Garmin . For 2019–2028, Honeywell predicts 7,700 aircraft to be delivered for $ 251 billion. Its breakdown is 62% big (87% in value) – super-midsize to business liner, 10% midsize (7% in value) – light-medium to medium, and 28% small (6% in value). The global demand

2400-784: The fleet was in North America at the end of 2011, the European market is the next largest, with growing activity in the Middle East, Asia, and Central America. On 1 April 2017, there were 22,368 business jets in the worldwide fleet, of which 11.2% were for sale. By October 2018, the entire private jet fleet was dominated by Textron ( Beechcraft , Cessna and Hawker branded aircraft) with 43.9%, then Bombardier with 22.4%, Gulfstream with 13.0%, Dassault with 9.6% and Embraer with 5.8%, mostly in North America (64.6%), followed by Europe (13.0%) South America (12.1%) and Asia-Pacific (5.9%). As on March 31, 2019, there are 22,125 business jets in

2460-475: The fuel system, to increase separation between hydraulic and flight control lines, and to increase system redundancy. These changes in turn required the capacity of the aft fuselage fuel tank to be reduced by 900 lb (410 kg)—11% of the aircraft's total intended fuel load—thus rendering it infeasible for the jet to meet its range target. The second prototype first flew in April 1980. By July, certification

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2520-567: The industry hopes to revive demand by introducing more attractive and competitive new models, four in 2018: In October 2018, consultant Jetcraft expected 20 variants or new designs to enter service before 2023 (seven large, seven midsize and six small): in 2019 the Global 5500/6500 , Gulfstream G600 , Citation XLS ++ and a CitationJet CJ4+ /, while the Embraer Praetor 500/600 to be introduced in 2019 were predicted for 2021/2022; in 2020

2580-545: The large investment necessary to develop prototypes. Both Lockheed Corporation and McDonnell Aircraft began the development of UCX aircraft, while North American Aviation pursued the UTX requirement. The Morane-Saulnier MS.760 Paris had a gross weight of 7,650 lb (3.47 t), initially powered by two Turboméca Marboré turbojets of 880 lbf (3.9 kN) thrust, although most aircraft were later upgraded to 1,058 lbf (4.71 kN) units. The aircraft seated

2640-438: The launch of the $ 12 million Citation Sovereign due for certification in the third quarter of 2003 and first delivery for the first quarter of 2004, the final Citation 650 was set to roll off the assembly line on 15 September 2000, 119 were built. Data from Frawley General characteristics Performance Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Business jet This

2700-412: The model then presented had a cruciform tail and a cockpit similar to previous Citations. It would be powered by two TFE731 and would be equipped with a supercritical 35° swept wing . Its maximum cruise was targeted for 470 kn, the long-range version had a 19,300 lb gross weight and would cover 3,000 nmi. The programme was to cost up to $ 50 million to launch. By 1978 it had a new cockpit and

2760-483: The operating economy of fewer engines and the ability to safely continue flight after an engine failure. Exceptions include the early Lockheed Jetstar with four engines; the Dassault Falcon 50 and derivatives with three; and the Cirrus Vision SF50 with one, a configuration also used in several similar very light jet design concepts. Most business jets use podded engines mounted on the rear fuselage with

2820-436: The second hour with 1,550 and 1,400 lb (700 and 640 kg) the third hour at FL430. At a weight of 10,505 kg (23,160 lb) and ISA -5 °C, it burns 653 kg (1,440 lb) per hour at Mach 0.778 / 441 kn (817 km/h) or 454 kg (1,001 lb)/h at a long-range cruise speed of Mach 0.634 / 360 kn (670 km/h). Basic maintenance is due at 400 hr or every 12 months and dispatch reliability

2880-408: The similarly capable but more recently developed Citation Latitude and Citation Longitude . 349 Sovereign and 94 Sovereign+ aircraft were produced. The Citation Excel fuselage was stretched for a 6.6 ft (2.0 m) longer cabin and joined with a large, newly designed 515.9 sq ft (47.93 m) wing with large trailing edge flaps for good runway performance, 16.3° wing sweep and

2940-485: The trailing $ 24.5 million Gulfstream G280 , predicted to retain 42% of its value for $ 10.25 million. In October 2017 Jetcraft forecast 8,349 unit deliveries in the next decade for $ 252 billion, a 30.2 $ M average. Cessna should lead the numbers with 27.3% of the deliveries ahead of Bombardier with 20.9%, while Gulfstream would almost lead the revenue market share with 27.8% trailing Bombardier with 29.2%. For 2016–2025, Jetcraft forecast Pratt & Whitney Canada should be

3000-497: The wing in a configuration unique amongst business jets. As of March 2020, 150 had been delivered. It was followed by the 8,645 pounds (3.921 t) MTOW Cessna Citation Mustang on 23 April 2005, powered by two 1,460 pounds-force (6.5 kN) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW600s and with more than 450 produced. Then the Embraer Phenom 100 made its maiden flight on 26 July 2007. The 10,500 pounds (4.75 t) MTOW airplane

3060-1010: The worldwide fleet and top 20 country markets account for 89% of this total fleet. In 2015 the total airplane billing amounted to US$ 21.9 billion, and 718 business jets were delivered to customers across the globe: 199 (27.7%) by Bombardier Aerospace , 166 (23.1%) by Textron Aviation , 154 (21.4%) by Gulfstream Aerospace , 120 (16.7%) by Embraer and 55 (7.7%) by Dassault Aviation . In 2017, 676 business jets were shipped, led by Gulfstream with $ 6.56 billion for 120 aircraft, Bombardier with $ 5.2 billion for 140, Textron with $ 2.87 billion (including propeller aircraft and 180 jets), Dassault with $ 2.42 billion for 49 and Embraer with $ 1.35 billion for 109. In 2022, 712 business jets were shipped, led by Gulfstream with $ 6.60 billion for 120 aircraft, Bombardier with $ 6,04 billion for 123, Textron Aviation with $ 3,62 billion, Dassault Aviation with $ 1,76 billion for 32, Embraer with $ 1,36 for 102 and Pilatus with $ 900 million for 123 aircraft. The residual value level for

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3120-428: Was accelerated by an August 1956 United States Air Force (USAF) letter of the requirement for two " off-the-shelf " aircraft, the larger UCX (cargo) and smaller UTX (trainer). These requirements differed from standard USAF procurement contracts in that no formal competitions would occur, and manufacturers were expected to develop the aircraft without government funds; despite this, a substantial USAF purchase would offset

3180-464: Was announced at the 1998 NBAA convention, it made its maiden flight in February 2002 , and deliveries began in late September 2004. FAA certification was awarded on June 2, 2004. EASA certification came on 31 March 2005. The improved Sovereign+ was announced at the October 2012 NBAA, it rolled out in early March 2013, first flew in April, and began deliveries on December 23 after certification, at

3240-472: Was customized to each buyer's preference, with a wide range of trim and seat fabrics, galley equipment, and in-flight entertainment options, and the aircraft came with a full-width aft lavatory that could be outfitted as a dressing room. It first flew in February 1991 and was certificated in January 1992 under an amendment to the original Model 650 type certificate. In 1996 Executive Jet Aviation ordered 20 for its Netjets fractional ownership programme. After

3300-498: Was delivered in 2015. The first very light jet, the 5,950 pounds (2.70 t) MTOW Eclipse 500 , took off for the first time on 26 August 2002, powered by two 900 pounds-force (4.0 kN) Pratt & Whitney Canada PW600s . Between then and the end of production in 2008, 260 were produced. Another new small jet, the 10,701 pounds (4.854 t) Honda HA-420 HondaJet , first flew on 3 December 2003 powered by two 2,050 pounds-force (9.1 kN) GE Honda HF120 engines mounted above

3360-523: Was developed as the IAI Astra , later rebranded as the Gulfstream G100 . The 29,000 lb (13 t) MTOW Dassault Falcon 20 first flew on 4 May 1963, powered by two General Electric CF700s , then Garrett ATF3 turbofans and Garrett TFE731s. In total, 508 were built from 1963 to 1988, and it is the basis of the Dassault Falcon family. The first light jet first flew on 7 October 1963 -

3420-534: Was ever completed; had it reached production, the aircraft would have been certified as the Model 670. For $ 1.4 million less than the $ 8.1 million III, the Citation VI has a standard interior and was to be delivered from April 1991. The Citation VI was certificated under an amendment to the original Model 650 type certificate. It first flew in 1991 and 39 were built before it was discontinued in May 1995. Cessna found that few potential customers would settle for

3480-416: Was powered by two 2,900 lbf (13 kN) JT15D . The design was later sold and was renamed Beechjet 400 then Hawker 400 , with a total of 950 produced of all variants. The 1980s only saw the introduction of derivatives and no major new designs. Also there was an advent of fractional ownership in the late 1980s for business jets. For much of the 1980s, sales of new aircraft slumped. On 29 April 1991,

3540-456: Was put back by six months and first deliveries were scheduled 11 months later than originally planned. $ 40 million were spent on R&D and $ 25 million for certification, for a total spending of $ 150 million by first delivery including tooling. By October, the two prototypes had logged 400 hours in 372 flights and FAR-25 certification was expected in April 1982 with first deliveries in October. The certification delays and loss of range caused by

3600-459: Was up almost a quarter. Fuel capacity increased from 7,330 to 8,700 lb (3.32 to 3.95 t), max takeoff weight attained 24,000 lb (10.9 t) and the cabin was 38 in (97 cm) longer. Performance was increased and it had a 2,710 nmi (5,020 km) transcontinental range. In 1990, Cessna cancelled the bigger, longer range and more expensive Citation IV to offer the cheaper VI and more capable VII. No Citation IV prototype

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