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28-692: The M3 line or City Circle Line is a loop line of the Copenhagen Metro . It has been claimed by COWI A/S that the line is the largest construction project to have taken place in Copenhagen during the last 400 years. The network's total length is 15.5 kilometres (9.6 mi) and has 17 stations. The line opened on 29 September 2019. Plans for its construction were approved by the Danish Parliament on 1 June 2007. Preferred bidders were announced during November 2010. The total cost

56-542: A container terminal, marina, and industrial companies. The S-train station Nordhavn station is located at Nordhavnen close to the city district Østerbro . The agency By og Havn has started the 668 million DKK expansion of Nordhavn into Øresund. The project is the largest construction job in Denmark in 2013 and the largest consumer of steel in Northern Europe; 28,000 tonnes of steel is used for pile driving

84-469: A depth varying between 20 and 35 metres (65 ft 7 in and 114 ft 10 in). The tunnels have been built by Seli Tunneling Denmark, that also manufactured two out of four machines in Denmark, at a facility especially prepared for the task. The interior walls of the tunnel have been coated with concrete and multiple emergency shafts have been installed for the purpose of providing ventilation and maintenance access. The extracted earth produced by

112-414: A new city district that would have 40,000 residents and 40,000 jobs. The proposed district will be about six times larger than Indre Østerbro . The Municipality of Copenhagen plans to build 400,000 m for residence and industry around Århusgade from 2008 onwards, and additional 200,000 m at Kalkbrænderiløbet from 2015. The area is expected to be fully developed within 20–25 years and partially finances

140-533: A round journey on the line is estimated takes approximately 29 minutes. The stations of the City Circle Line are all underground, with easy access from the street level to the platform. The structure of the stations is largely identical to that of the existing Copenhagen Metro stations. They are built at a depth of approximately 19 meters using cut-and-cover methods; a standardised box structure has been adopted, measuring 64 meters by 20 meters. Each one

168-592: A terminus for trains to layover between services, or significant padding in schedules, there is no way for late trains to recover lost time. This issue is particularly pronounced when circle routes share their corridor with other traffic, such as the Inner and Outer Link buses in Auckland, or the London Underground's Circle Line pre-2009 ; as any sort of delay on the circle route affects other services sharing

196-532: A twin-track line provides a connection between the City Circle Line and the Nordhavnen Metro . Just as M1 and M2 share a section of the existing metro, the City Circle Line shares a 6-station section with the M4 line. Initially, two possible routes were considered, after an even bigger screening of ideas. In December 2005, it was announced that the Copenhagen and Frederiksberg municipalities had selected

224-422: Is outfitted with island platforms of between 7 meters and 9 meters. Stations are listed counterclockwise, beginning in the southeast. While the stations have a similar structure to those of the current Metro, they have been designed with more varied materials and colors, making each individual station more recognisable. Italian rolling stock manufacturer AnsaldoBreda , which had previously provided trains for

252-902: The Osaka Loop Line for the JR West Urban Network serving the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe conurbation and the Yamanote Line for the JR East Greater Tokyo commuter rail network. Nordhavn, Copenhagen Nordhavnen , or Nordhavn , is a harbour area at the coast of the Øresund , founded at the end of the 19th century in Copenhagen , Denmark . It covers an area of more than 2 km . Today, most of Copenhagen Harbour's traditional activities are situated in Nordhavn, including ferry berths,

280-501: The sheet piles of the perimeter, and the area is being filled with 7 million tonnes of clean earth and 11 million tonnes of polluted earth from the City Circle Line metro and other projects until around year 2022–2025. The City Circle Line is extending into Nordhavn with at least one station. The cruise ship quay is 1,100m long with 3 passenger terminals. The agency By og Havn has proposed plans to develop Nordhavn as

308-650: The City Circle Line was awarded to the Copenhagen Metro Team (CMT), a joint venture comprising Salini Impregilo , Technimont , and SELI . Italian rail equipment specialist Hitachi Rail STS was selected to supply the trains, electrical infrastructure and communications systems, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), platform-edge doors, and the signalling system. The route's tunnels were constructed by Seli Tunneling Denmark ApS, subsidiary of Seli SPA, and subsequently acquired by Salini Impregilo. Consultancy services regarding rolling stock and

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336-698: The Frederiksberg route; the purpose is to cover areas not yet served by S-trains or the Metro . The finished City Circle Line has been promoted as playing a heavy influence upon much of Copenhagen's current transport network. The transit agency Movia projects up to 34 million passengers switch from buses to the Metro annually. Once the line is completed, 85 per cent of all homes, work places and educational facilities in Copenhagen's inner city area, as well as

364-423: The Metro during each year. During 2002, the Copenhagen Metro , a fully automated driverless metro system, was opened. It quickly became known for its high level of reliability, attaining an operational punctuality in excess of 98 per cent of on-time arrivals. Due to its success, during 2005, plans were put forward for further expansion of Copenhagen Metro in the form of the City Circle Line. As proposed, it involved

392-687: The Metro network to the Nørrebro and Østerbro areas and København H (the Copenhagen central station). The City Circle Line services to many of the major areas of Copenhagen, including the Danish Parliament, the Central Station, City Hall, and multiple stations of the S-train and existing metro stops. Access to the region and commuter heavy rail network is also deliberately provision for at several places along its route; furthermore,

420-555: The automated train depot were sourced from Ramboll and WS Atkins . The line incorporates various live data feeds for the purpose of highlighting hazards and recording any accidents using project compliance software ComplyPro, produced by software company Comply Serve . During 2013, boring of a pair of 15.5 km (9.6 mi) parallel tunnels commenced using a total of four tunnel boring machines (TBMs) named Eva , Minerva , Nora , and Tria . These tunnels were bored with an inner diameter of 4.9 metres (16 ft 1 in) and at

448-692: The busiest line in the Seoul Metropolitan Subway network, and formerly the longest circle metro line in the world from 1984–2013. Such connections assist travellers by reducing travel times, avoiding congested centres, and sometimes reducing the number of transfers. Similar benefits may also be achieved by half-circle routes or peripheral cross-city routes , such as Osaka Higashi Line , Musashino Line and Copenhagen S-Train Line F . Circle routes do have their operational disadvantages. They can be susceptible to delays and bunching , as without

476-453: The city centre to the northern and eastern suburbs. In some cities such as Paris , where lines 2 and 6 encircle the city, multiple services together can effectively form a circular route. Circle routes can also be found in many commuter rail networks, namely in Sydney and Melbourne , with Sydney's City Circle being built in 1926 and Melbourne's City Loop in 1978. Further examples are

504-641: The construction effort was routinely used to fill the Nordhavn reclamation project in Øresund . During the construction process, it was commonplace for geological sensors to be deployed in the general vicinity to monitor ground movements for the purpose of protecting buildings and other structures in the city. During 2014, the line's control and maintenance centre buildings were completed (at Vasbygade, 55°39′30″N 12°32′57″E  /  55.65833°N 12.54917°E  / 55.65833; 12.54917 ). That same year, various other works were finished, including

532-467: The construction of a 15.5 kilometres (9.6 mi) underground circular route, a total of 17 stations, and emergency escape shafts, to support two new underground lines, designated as M3 and M4 . The planned City Circle Line would connect into the Kongens Nytorv and Frederiksberg stations of the preexisting metro network. During the summer of 2007, the Danish Parliament gave its approval for

560-421: The construction of the proposed line, although it would be another four years before construction activity would commence. At the time of its approval, the project had a projected cost of DKK21.3 billion ($ 3.2 billion) along with an anticipated date of completion by July 2019. Transport group Metroselskabet held overall responsibility for the City Circle Line. On 7 January 2011, the civil engineering contract for

588-554: The existing Copenhagen metro, was selected to supply new-build rolling stock for the line. Deliveries of the trains to the Metro company commenced during 2014; these are being referred to as being the version 5 of the AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro trains. While these vehicles are broadly identical to the ones running on the Copenhagen metro, they feature several advancements in technology, materials and design. The driverless trains are directly monitored from

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616-491: The line's centralised operations and maintenance centre; they are equipped with a communications-based train control (CBTC) for this purpose. These vehicles are to reportedly capable of a top speed of 90 km/h, an increase over the 80 km/h maximum for trains used on other Metro lines. They have a maximum capacity of 314 passengers and there is a train every 100 seconds, giving a frequency of 36 trains per hour. The system runs 24 hours per day, and passengers are able to keep track of

644-653: The same tracks/bus lanes. Successful circle routes, such as the Yamanote Line in Tokyo and Koltsevaya line in Moscow tend to be isolated lines that do not share corridors with other services; or if they do, have their own dedicated tracks and platforms with any junctions being grade-separated. The oldest circular rapid transit line was London's Inner Circle, today the Circle line of the London Underground, which

672-469: The surrounding neighbourhoods, shall be less than a ten-minute walk from either a metro or train station. It has been projected for the line is used by approximately 240,000 passengers per day. It is fully automated, being operated using a driverless system that provides 24/7 service coverage and at a peak frequency between trains of 100 seconds. It is intended for trains on the line to achieve an average speed of 40km/h during regular service. As such, performing

700-575: The train location through an electronic display system. Circle route The expression "circle route" may refer in particular to: Typically, a circle route will connect at several locations with one or more cross-city routes or radial routes offering services in a straighter line into or out of a city or town centre. When a circle route orbits a central business district in a large arc, it will often provide transverse (or lateral) links between suburbs or satellites, either on its own or in combination with other routes, such as Seoul Subway Line 2 ,

728-482: The walls around all of the stations, and three of the shaft structures. Reportedly, the final construction activity was centered upon the refurbishment of the surrounding areas around the new stations. The 15.5 km (9.6 mi) City Circle Line serves 17 stations. It crosses the M1 and M2 lines at Kongens Nytorv and Frederiksberg stations, and suburban train services at København H, Østerport and Nørrebro. It extend

756-462: Was completed in 1884, operated by two separate companies. The route chosen forms the general border of what is today central London . This was followed by the Glasgow Subway which opened in 1896, with the system unchanged to this day. In Moscow Metro , a railway from 1908 was reopened as a passenger line in 2016 . More recently, line 3 of the Copenhagen Metro opened in 2019, connecting

784-590: Was estimated at 15 billion kroner but had risen to 21.3 billion kroner ($ 3.39 billion) when the contractors were announced in late 2010. It is a fully automated line, using driverless trains and capable of routine 24/7 operations. Italian rolling stock manufacturer AnsaldoBreda provides the trains for the new line, and the stations are intentionally similar to the Copenhagen Metro's existing stations. The transit agency Movia has projected that up to 34 million passengers eventually switch from buses to using

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