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44-520: In 1439, in the wake of clashes between different lines of chieftains, the town of Emden was first placed by Hamburg under direct rule and then, in 1453, given to the Cirksena. The family administered and ruled the town until 1595. The Cirksena gained strength and succeeded the chieftain line of the tom Broks , after their opponent Focko Ukena was defeated and expelled by several allied chieftains , led by Edzard Cirksena . Ulrich Cirksena (d. 1466)

88-474: A careful education. He himself was married twice. In the first marriage, he married Agnes, a daughter of Count Enno III of East Frisia and in the second marriage Elizabeth Lucretia , a daughter of Duke Adam Wenceslaus of Cieszyn and herself a ruling Duchess of Cieszyn. He was the founder of the so-called Gundakar line of the House of Liechtenstein. In 1606, the brothers signed a familial treaty stipulating that

132-621: A claim to Rietberg as a result. The name Cirksena is of Frisian origin and is still a widespread family name in East Frisia today. It probably goes back to the old forename Tzirk ( Cirk ). Enno Attena took over the respectable name on his marriage to the daughter-heir, Gela Syardsna of Manslagt. Syert/Syrt/Syrtatus, Captain of Norden, +after 1255; m. NN Aldersna; They had issue: A1. Enno, +after 1280; m. N van Norden A2. Merten, +after 1288; m. N von Berum Emden Emden ( German pronunciation: [ˈɛmdn̩] )

176-476: A humongous or huge and sometimes "a person who dares and works with precision". In addition, the village of Emden, Illinois in the United States was named after Jacob Emden due to the large number of emigrants from Emden to the village in northwestern Logan County, Illinois . Other places in the U.S. named after the city include Emden, Missouri ; Embden, Maine ; and Embden, North Dakota . Emden

220-629: A somewhat bigger shipyard. At the end of the 19th century, a big canal, the Dortmund-Ems Canal was constructed, which connected Emden with the Ruhr area. This made Emden the "seaport of the Ruhr area", which lasted until the 1970s. Coal from the south was transported to the North Sea port, and imported iron ore was shipped via the canal towards Rhine and the Ruhr . The last iron ore freighter

264-505: A trading hub and looked to Prussia for help. In exchange for recognising Prussia’s claim to East Frisia, Emden demanded the withdrawal of foreign troops, the return of sequestered assets, and the relocation of the estate treasury to Emden. Prussia, under Frederick II, aimed to secure its claim to East Frisia, relying on a 1694 decree from Emperor Leopold I. Negotiations led by Sebastian Anton Homfeld resulted in two treaties signed on 14 March 1744. These agreements upheld Emden’s status and granted

308-542: Is BSV Kickers Emden . The capacity of the stadium is 7,200, due to safety objections of the German Football Association . In 1994, some 12,000 spectators followed a match against the reserves squad of Hamburger SV , which remains the record. In that season, Kickers Emden finished top of the 3rd League, but were not promoted to the Second League as they lost the promotion round. Since Emden

352-620: Is twinned with: Gundakar, Prince of Liechtenstein Gundakar of Liechtenstein (30 January 1580 – 5 August 1658) ( Prince from 1623) was a member of the House of Liechtenstein and as such the owner of a large estate. He also served the Habsburg dynasty. He was the youngest son of Baron Hartmann II of Liechtenstein (1544–1585). His mother was Anna Maria (née Countess of Ortenburg). His brothers were Karl I and Maximilian . He received

396-986: Is an independent city and seaport in Lower Saxony in the northwest of Germany, on the river Ems . It is the main city of the region of East Frisia and, in 2011, had a total population of 51,528. [REDACTED] County of East Frisia 1464–1744 [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Prussia 1744–1806 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Holland 1806–1810 [REDACTED]   First French Empire 1810–1813 [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Prussia 1813–1815 [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Hanover 1815–1866 [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Prussia 1866–1871 [REDACTED]   German Empire 1871–1918 [REDACTED]   Weimar Republic 1918–1933 [REDACTED]   Nazi Germany 1933–1945 [REDACTED]   Allied-occupied Germany 1945–1949 [REDACTED]   West Germany 1949–1990 [REDACTED]   Germany 1990–present The exact founding date of Emden

440-586: Is not only located close to the North Sea, but also to the river Ems and various small rivers and canals, boat sports are very popular among inhabitants and tourists. Three German light cruisers were named after the city, two of which served in World War I and the third in World War II . Today, the fifth navy ship named after the city is in service. A deep sea spot in the Pacific Ocean close to

484-567: Is the main location from which vehicles produced at all Volkswagen Group factories in Germany are marshalled for export overseas. More than 1.4 million cars were imported and exported in 2017. The Nordseewerke shipyard, a subsidiary of ThyssenKrupp , employs around 1,400 dockers and specializes in conventional submarines. It also produces different kinds of cargo ships as well as ships for special purposes such as icebreakers, dredgers and other ships of that type. Another important economic sector

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528-472: Is tourism, mainly as a day trip destination for tourists staying in the surrounding villages on the North Sea coastline. A university of applied sciences ( Fachhochschule ) was opened in 1973. At present, around 4,240 students are enrolled, most of them studying for technical degrees. The airline Ostfriesische Lufttransport had its headquarters in Emden. The highest playing association football club

572-621: Is unknown, but it has existed at least since the 8th century. Older names for Emden are Setutanda, Amuthon, Embda, Emda, Embden and Embderland. Town privilege and the town's coat of arms, the Engelke up de Muer (The Little Angel on the Wall) was granted by Emperor Maximilian I in 1495. In the 16th century, Emden briefly became an important centre for the Protestant Reformation under the rule of Countess Anna von Oldenburg who

616-630: The Catholic League , in view of the impending war. In the same year, he undertook a second mission, to the spiritual electors, to prepare the election of Ferdinand II as the next emperor. He also visited Elector Palatine Frederick V , even though the court in Vienna already knew that Frederick was about to play an important role in the Bohemian revolt. Gundakar was present when Ferdinand was elected and continued to accompany him. He negotiated with

660-514: The Philippines is named after the first Emden ship, and is therefore called Emdentief in German. The spot (10,400 m or 34,100 ft deep) was sounded in the 1920s (in 1920, 1923 or 1928—sources vary). The word "Yamandan" and "Emden" entered the lexicons of Malayalam and Tamil respectively after the bombing of Madras Harbour in 1914 by SMS Emden. The word in the local language means

704-635: The Seven Years' War . The city was recaptured by Anglo-German forces in 1758 and for the rest of the conflict was used as a major supply base by the British to support the ongoing war in Westphalia . During the Napoleonic Wars , Emden and the surrounding lands of East Frisia were part of the short-lived Kingdom of Holland . Industrialization started at around 1870, with a paper mill and

748-785: The Treaty of Berum (1600), however, he ceded the County of Rietberg to his daughters. In 1601, Enno's brother, Count John III , married his niece, Sabina Catherine , Enno's daughter and heiress of Rietberg, with papal dispensation . Both were converted to Catholicism , and the Catholic branch line of the House of Cirksena was founded. The last male descendant of the House of East Frisia in Rietberg, Count Ferdinand Maximilian , died in 1687. His heiress, Maria Ernestine Francisca, married Maximilian Ulrich von Kaunitz in 1699. The coat of arms of

792-650: The 1944 raid, the current Emden city hall was officially opened. The main industries in Emden are automobile production and shipbuilding. Volkswagen runs a large production plant which builds the Volkswagen Passat car and which employs around 10,000 people. Emden harbor is also one of the three main ports for car shipping in Europe (together with Zeebrugge in Belgium and Bremerhaven in Germany). Emden

836-560: The Bohemian revolt. He was enfeoffed by Ferdinand II with the Lordship of Uherský Ostroh , as a reward for services rendered. In 1622, he purchased the Lordships of Ostrava and Moravský Krumlov . However, he paid with bad currency. Instead of 540 000 guilders , the actual value of his money was less than 70 000 guilders . The possessions he purchased were valued at about one million guilders. However, further attempts to increase

880-645: The Cirksena harpy. Until the Emden Revolution in 1595, the Cirksena resided in the town of Emden. Even the Dutch town of Delfzijl opposite Emden incorporated the Cirksena coat of arms into its own. This goes back to the rule of Edzard the Great in Groningerland . Likewise, the harpy is part of the coat of arms of Aurich district , albeit in a different colour, which also goes back to the Cirksena. Even

924-749: The Duchy of Brabant to the Protestant city Emden to escape persecution by the Spanish rulers of the Low Countries. During this period, the predominantly Calvinist Emden came into conflict with the Lutheran counts of East Friesland. The Emden Revolution in 1595 resulted in Emden becoming a distinct city-state. With the support of the Dutch Republic, Emden became a free government city under

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968-717: The Exchequer. He was also a councillor in the Chamber of Lower Austria. Between 1614 and 1617, he held various positions, including Land Marshal of Lower Austria, Chief Hofmeister to Archduke Charles John and Chief Hofmeister to the Empress Consort Anna of Tyrol . His real political rise coincided with the beginning of the Thirty Years' War. In 1618 he led a delegation to the Estates of Silesia . His task

1012-522: The Kaunitz family's coat of arms. Through the link between East Frisia and Rietberg, the Cirksena harpy is still part of the coat of arms of the Principality of Liechtenstein , albeit in the reverse colours (black and gold), at the bottom right (heraldic: bottom left). Gundakar of Liechtenstein had married Agnes Cirksena, the second daughter of Count Enno III and Walburgis of Rietberg , and had

1056-471: The Privy Council. After 1625, he was Obersthofmeister . However, he was displaced from that position by Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg , who was a supporter of Wallenstein and leader of the "Spanish" party at the court. This turned Gundakar into an enemy of Wallenstein. He authored several studies and two " Mirrors for princes ". He proposed the creation of a Knight academy and argued for a reform of

1100-657: The Upper Austrian Estates about their position with regards to the Bohemian revolt. The Austrians did not formally break with Bohemia. After the Imperial victory, Gundakar was tasked with punishing the supporters of the rebellion in Upper Austria. From 1621, he was a secret councillor and a close political adviser to the Emperor. Especially in the period before 1626, he was influential as the leader of

1144-417: The administration. He also demanded that the state should promote the economy, in the sense of the early mercantilism , in order to increase tax revenue. This was apparently inspired by Giovanni Botero and other contemporary political theorists. Besides his official writings, he also published a work on the bridling of horses. In 1623, he was raised to the rank of hereditary Imperial Prince . His ideology

1188-496: The city for the duration of the war. On 6 September 1944, the RAF and USAAF launched their largest bombing raid against Emden, which destroyed approximately 80% of all structures in the city center. However, the Emden shipyards, in contrast to the rest of the city, was left largely unaffected by the bombing raids. After the war, Emden came under Allied occupation and rebuilding efforts commenced. On 6 September 1962, exactly 18 years after

1232-541: The city special economic and administrative privileges. After Carl Edzard’s death on 25 May 1744, Prussia quickly occupied East Frisia without resistance, and the region soon swore allegiance to the Prussian crown. Foreign troops withdrew from the area. In 1752 Frederick the Great chartered the Emden Company to trade with Canton , but the company was ruined when Emden was captured by French forces in 1757 during

1276-564: The emperor. Charles Edzard , the last ruler from the House of Cirksena, died without issue during the night of 25/26 May 1744 (reportedly from a glass of buttermilk, which he is said to have drunk after a hunt). Immediately thereafter, the state was taken over by Frederick the Great . The Cirksena provided the County of Rietberg rulers from 1581 to 1699. This initially happened as a personal union with East Frisia after Count Enno III had married Rietberg's daughter-heir, Walburg von Rietberg. In

1320-530: The experiment came to an end. Nevertheless, the legacy was important for the reformation in the Netherlands. At the end of the 16th century, Emden experienced a period of great prosperity. Due to the Spanish blockade of Flemish and Brabant ports at the start of the Dutch Revolt , Emden became the most important transshipment port on the North Sea. Thousands of Protestant refugees came from Flanders and

1364-433: The family of Cirksena displays a crowned, golden harpy (or angel) on a black field. This motif appears in a variety of successor coats of arms; for example, in the final comital coat of arms of East Frisia, which Count Rudolf Christian adopted in 1625. Here, the harpy is in the upper left of the shield. This coat of arms is still used today as the emblem of East Frisia. The upper half of Emden's coat of arms also depicts

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1408-541: The first-born of the eldest surviving line would be head of the House of Liechtenstein. His father was a Lutheran and he had raised his children as Lutherans. At the beginning of the 17th century, Gundakar and his brothers converted to Catholicism . Gundakar wrote a vindication, entitled "Motives that moved me to accept the Catholic faith". His conversion facilitated his ascent at the imperial court. He served under Emperors Matthias , Ferdinand II and Ferdinand III . He began his career at court in 1599 as chamberlain. In

1452-523: The following years he accompanied Archduke Matthias on military expeditions to Hungary and was present at the siege of Buda. In 1606, he served several times as an ambassador and in 1608, he accompanied Matthias on his campaign in Bohemia against Rudolf II . He became a councillor at the Exchequer in 1606 and he led the department from 1613. As early as 1608, he appears to have acted as Vice Chancellor of

1496-467: The marriage, he had to come to Cieszyn. After her death, Cieszyn reverted to the Bohemian crown as a completed fief. Wilfersdorf was his favorite abode. He therefore had Wilfersdorf Castle converted into a water castle. Gundakar von Lichtenstein was twice married. He first married in 1603 with Countess Agnes of East Frisia (1 January 1584 – 28 February 1616). They had the following children: After

1540-463: The present-day municipality of Krummhörn , where the ancestral homeland of the Cirksena lay, has the family's coat of arms in its municipal shield. After the Cirksena had taken over the reins of power in the County of Rietberg , their emblem was also found in Rietberg's coat of arms, between the coat of arms of the old ruling family and that of the Harlingerland . It was later supplemented by

1584-414: The property failed. He laid a claim on the County of Rietberg , which had been owned by his first wife, Agnes of East Frisia. He was defeated, however, by Maximilian Ulrich von Kaunitz in a drawn-out legal battle. His second wife was a ruling Duchess of Cieszyn and he tried to pressure her into transferring Cieszyn to him. She retired to Silesia and informed her husband that if he was interested in continuing

1628-424: The protection of the Dutch Republic. The Brabantian dialect became the official language of trade and civil administration. Emden was a very rich city during the 17th century, due to large numbers of Dutch and Flemish immigrants such as Diederik Jansz. Graeff . It was a centre of reformed Protestantism at that time. The political theorist Johannes Althusius served as Syndic from 1604 to 1638. In 1744, Emden

1672-466: Was annexed by Prussia . The Emden Convention, signed on 14 March 1744, was a treaty that formalised Prussia's annexation of East Frisia after the local Cirksena dynasty died out. It recognised the rights and privileges of the city of Emden and the regional estates. Carl Edzard, the last Count of East Frisia, assumed power in 1734 but faced opposition from Emden and other estates, leading to political and economic isolation. Emden sought to regain its status as

1716-493: Was anti-Machiavellian and he was influenced by the Catholic Counter-Reformation . He donated gifts to many churches and monasteries and imposed Catholicism on his possessions. He created a staged surveillance apparatus to control the faith in his lands. This allowed him to displace Protestantism from his eastern Moravian possessions, despite resistance of the population. When his father's inheritance

1760-609: Was determined to find a religious "third way" between Lutheranism and Catholicism . In 1542 she invited the Polish noble John Laski (or Johannes a Lasco ) to become pastor of a Protestant church at Emden, and for seven years he continued to spread the new religion around the area of East Frisia . However, in 1549 following pressure from the Emperor Charles V , the Countess was forced to ask Laski to leave for England and

1804-412: Was divided in 1598, he received the lordships Wilfersdorf and Ringelsdorf. In 1601, he issued a regulation for his subjects. He was so wealthy that he could grant loans to the state. Like his two brothers, he contributed to the increase of his family's possessions. Like other Catholic noblemen loyal to the Emperor, he profited from the redistribution in 1619 of the dispossessed fiefs of the supporters of

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1848-544: Was elevated to the rank of imperial count by Emperor Frederick III and enfeoffed with the Imperial County of East Frisia . The most important ruler from the House of Cirksena was Edzard I (1462–1528), under whose leadership the Imperial County of East Frisia reached its greatest extent. During his reign, the Reformation spread throughout East Frisia . In 1654, the Cirksena were elevated to princes by

1892-552: Was moored in the port of Emden in 1986. In 1903, a large shipyard ( Nordseewerke , "North Sea Works") was founded and was in operation until 2010. During World War II , Emden was repeatedly targeted by Allied bombing raids , which destroyed the majority of the city center. The Royal Air Force (RAF) launched its first bombing raid over Emden in 31 March 1940, and both the RAF and the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) continued to launch raids against

1936-431: Was to prevent Silesia from joining the Bohemian revolt . This attempt, however, failed. Then, at the beginning of the year 1619, he was sent as an ambassador to various princes, electors and prince-bishops to formally notify them of the death of Emperor Matthias. Informally, he would discuss the Bohemian revolt. Secretly, he negotiated with Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria and other Catholic princes about military assistance to

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