61-450: IOS XR is a release train of Cisco Systems ' widely deployed Internetwork Operating System (IOS) , used on their high-end Network Convergence System (NCS) and carrier-grade routers such as the ASR 9000 series and Carrier Routing System series of routers. According to Cisco's product literature, IOS XR shares very little infrastructure with the other IOS trains, and is instead built upon
122-466: A " preemptive , memory protected , multitasking , microkernel-based operating system ". The microkernel was formerly provided by QNX ; versions 6.0 up to 7.5.2 use the Wind River Linux distribution. From version 7.6.1 and onwards, the kernel has been switched to OpenEmbedded . IOS XR aims to provide the following advantages over the earlier IOS trains: IOS XR was announced along with
183-527: A "major" as opposed to a "minor" change is entirely subjective and up to the author, as is what defines a "build", or how a "revision" differs from a "minor" change. Shared libraries in Solaris and Linux may use the current.revision.age format where: A similar problem of relative change significance and versioning nomenclature exists in book publishing, where edition numbers or names can be chosen based on varying criteria. In most proprietary software,
244-872: A bias against Microsoft in communication with reporters. The findings of fact that Microsoft had broken the law, however, were upheld. The Department of Justice announced on September 6, 2001 that it was no longer seeking to break up Microsoft and would instead seek a lesser antitrust penalty. Several months later the Department of Justice agreed on a settlement agreement with Microsoft. IE5 introduced many new or improved features: IE5 for Windows came with Windows Media Player 6.0 (with new Real Audio codecs), NetMeeting 2.11, Chat 2.5 and FrontPage Express 2.0. Other optional installs included Offline Browsing Pack, Internet Explorer Core Web Fonts, and Visual Basic Scripting (VBScript) support. Internet Explorer versions 5.0 and 5.5 are no longer available from Microsoft. IE 5.01 SP2
305-514: A consistent style. First, they received names with arbitrary alphanumeric suffixes as with Windows Me (4.90), Windows XP (5.1), and Windows Vista (6.0). Then, once again Microsoft adopted incremental numbers in the title, but this time, they were not versioning numbers; the version numbers of Windows 7 , Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 are respectively 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3. In Windows 10 , the version number leaped to 10.0 and subsequent updates to
366-438: A different project), while the last two digits indicate the day of that month. So 3419 is the 19th day of the 34th month after the month of January of the year the project started. Other examples that identify versions by year include Adobe Illustrator 88 and WordPerfect Office 2003. When a year is used to denote version, it is generally for marketing purposes, and an actual version number also exists. For example, Windows 95
427-413: A given version number category (e.g., major or minor), these numbers are generally assigned in increasing order and correspond to new developments in the software. At a fine-grained level, revision control is used for keeping track of incrementally-different versions of information, whether or not this information is computer software, in order to be able to roll any changes back. Modern computer software
488-522: A large market share increase over Netscape Navigator between 1999 and 2001, and offered many advanced features for its day. In addition, it was compatible with the largest range of OSes of all the IE versions. However, support for many OSes quickly dropped off with later patches, and later Windows versions are not supported, because of inclusion of later IE versions. The 1999 review in PC World noted, "Credit
549-446: A major/minor versioning scheme for releases of its operating system but uses code names from the movie Toy Story during development to refer to stable, unstable, and testing releases. BLAG Linux and GNU features very large version numbers: major releases have numbers such as 50000 and 60000, while minor releases increase the number by 1 (e.g. 50001, 50002). Alpha and beta releases are given decimal version numbers slightly less than
610-434: A minor release, and additional updates below this level, as well as updates to a given major version of OS X coming after the release of a new major version, were titled Supplemental Updates. The Roman numeral X was concurrently leveraged for marketing purposes across multiple product lines. Both QuickTime and Final Cut Pro jumped from version 7 directly to version 10, QuickTime X and Final Cut Pro X. Like Mac OS X itself,
671-443: A piece of software. The ubiquity of computers has also led to these schemes being used in contexts outside computing. In sequence-based software versioning schemes, each software release is assigned a unique identifier that consists of one or more sequences of numbers or letters. This is the extent of the commonality; schemes vary widely in areas such as the number of sequences, the attribution of meaning to individual sequences, and
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#1732776487095732-445: A platform", that it "withheld crucial technical information", and attempted to reduce Navigator's usage share by "giving Internet Explorer away and rewarding firms that helped build its usage share " and "excluding Navigator from important distribution channels". Jackson also released a remedy that suggested Microsoft should be broken up into two companies. This remedy was overturned on appeal, amidst charges that Jackson had revealed
793-622: A release halfway between major versions (although levels of sequence-based versioning are not necessarily limited to a single digit, as in Blender version 2.91 or Minecraft Java Edition starting from 1.7.10). A different approach is to use the major and minor numbers along with an alphanumeric string denoting the release type, e.g. "alpha" (a), "beta" (b), or "release candidate" (rc). A software release train using this approach might look like 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 → 1.0b1, 1.0b2 (with some fixes), 1.0b3 (with more fixes) → 1.0rc1 (which, if it
854-453: A series of individual numbers, separated by periods, with a progression such as 1.7.0, 1.8.0, 1.8.1, 1.9.0, 1.10.0, 1.11.0, 1.11.1, 1.11.2, and so on. On the other hand, some software packages identify releases by decimal numbers: 1.7, 1.8, 1.81, 1.82, 1.9, etc. Decimal versions were common in the 1980s, for example with NetWare , DOS , and Microsoft Windows , but even in the 2000s have been for example used by Opera and Movable Type . In
915-563: A user will need to download it on earlier Windows versions and transfer the setup file to the newer operating system. If a user still want to download it on a newer operating system, the only way is to use an outdated web browser such as Netscape 4.8. Although newer browsers have been released, IE5 rendering mode continues to have an impact, as a 2008 Ars Technica article notes: On April 3, 2000, Judge Jackson issued his findings of fact that Microsoft had abused its monopoly position by attempting to "dissuade Netscape from developing Navigator as
976-432: A version number – sometimes the same as the version number of the software that wrote it; other times a "protocol version number" independent of the software version number. The code to handle old deprecated protocols and file formats is often seen as cruft . Software in the experimental stage ( alpha or beta ) often uses a zero in the first ("major") position of the sequence to designate its status. However, this scheme
1037-576: Is an API that can be used by JavaScript , and other Web browser scripting languages to transfer XML and other text data between a page's client side and server side , and was available since the introduction of Internet Explorer 5.0 and is accessible via JScript, VBScript and other scripting languages supported by IE browsers. Windows Script Host was also installed with IE5, although later on viruses and malware would attempt to use this ability as an exploit, which resulted pressure to disable it for security reasons. Smart Offline Favorites feature
1098-500: Is compatible with version 2.2.3, but not necessarily with 3.2.4. Developers may choose to jump multiple minor versions at a time to indicate that significant features have been added, but are not enough to warrant incrementing a major version number; for example, Internet Explorer 5 from 5.1 to 5.5 or Adobe Photoshop 5 to 5.5. This may be done to emphasize the value of the upgrade to the software user or, as in Adobe's case, to represent
1159-585: Is internally versioned as MS-DOS 7.00 and Windows 4.00; likewise, Windows 2000 is internally versioned as NT 5.0. The Python Software Foundation has published PEP 440 – Version Identification and Dependency Specification, outlining their own flexible scheme, that defines an epoch segment, a release segment, pre-release and post-release segments and a development release segment. TeX has an idiosyncratic version numbering system, an unusual feature invented by its developer Donald Knuth . Since version 3.1, updates have been indicated by adding an extra digit at
1220-561: Is no longer available for download from Microsoft. It is the last version of Internet Explorer to support Windows 3.1x , Windows NT 3.51 , Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0 SP3—SP6. The actual release of Internet Explorer 5 happened in three stages. First, a Developer Preview was released in June 1998 (5.0B1), and then a Public Preview was released in November 1998 (5.0B2). Then in March 1999
1281-451: Is often tracked using two different software versioning schemes: an internal version number that may be incremented many times in a single day, such as a revision control number, and a release version that typically changes far less often, such as semantic versioning or a project code name. File numbers were used especially in public administration, as well as companies, to uniquely identify files or cases. For computer files this practice
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#17327764870951342-587: Is only useful for the early stages, not for upcoming releases with established software where the version number has already progressed past 0. A number of schemes are used to denote the status of a newer release: The two purely numeric forms removes the special logic required to handle the comparison of "alpha < beta < rc < no prefix" as found in semantic versioning, at the cost of clarity. There are two schools of thought regarding how numeric version numbers are incremented. Most free and open-source software packages, including MediaWiki , treat versions as
1403-407: Is sometimes a fourth, unpublished number which denotes the software build (as used by Microsoft ). Adobe Flash is a notable case where a four-part version number is indicated publicly, as in 10.1.53.64. Some companies also include the build date. Version numbers may also include letters and other characters, such as Lotus 1-2-3 Release 1a. Some projects use negative version numbers. One example
1464-411: Is stable enough ), 1.0rc2 (if more bugs are found) → 1.0. It is a common practice in this scheme to lock out new features and breaking changes during the release candidate phases and, for some teams, even betas are locked down to bug fixes only, to ensure convergence on the target release. Other schemes impart meaning on individual sequences: Again, in these examples, the definition of what constitutes
1525-566: Is the SmartEiffel compiler which started from −1.0 and counted upwards to 0.0. Many projects use a date-based versioning scheme called Calendar Versioning (aka CalVer ). Ubuntu is one example of a project using calendar versioning; Ubuntu 18.04, for example, was released in April 2018. This has the advantage of being easily relatable to development schedules and support timelines. Some video games also use date as versioning, for example
1586-663: Is the fifth, and by now, discontinued, version of the Internet Explorer graphical web browser , the successor to Internet Explorer 4 and one of the main participants of the first browser war . Its distribution methods and Windows integration were involved in the United States v. Microsoft Corp. case. Launched on March 18, 1999. Although Internet Explorer 5 ran only on Windows, its siblings Internet Explorer for Mac 5 and Internet Explorer for UNIX 5 supported Mac OS X , Solaris , and HP-UX . IE5 presided over
1647-452: Is used to allow the versioning scheme to be changed. In some cases, developers may decide to reset the major version number. This is sometimes used to denote a new development phase being released. For example, Minecraft Alpha ran from version 1.0.0 to 1.2.6, and when Beta was released, it reset the major version number and ran from 1.0 to 1.8. Once the game was fully released, the major version number again reset to 1.0.0. When printed,
1708-704: The CRS-1 in May 2004. The first generally available version was 2.0. Some significant releases include the following. An example BGP configuration for IOS and IOS XR is shown. More examples can be found in the Cisco document Converting Cisco IOS Configurations to Cisco IOS XR Configurations . IOS IOS XR Release train Software versioning is the process of assigning either unique version names or unique version numbers to unique states of computer software. Within
1769-477: The arcade game Street Fighter EX . At startup it displays the version number as a date plus a region code, for example 961219 ASIA . When using dates in versioning, for instance, file names, it is common to use the ISO 8601 scheme YYYY-MM-DD , as this is easily string-sorted in increasing or decreasing order. The hyphens are sometimes omitted. The Wine project formerly used a date versioning scheme, which used
1830-444: The "relative goodness" of the new version. Semantic versioning (aka SemVer ) is a widely-adopted version scheme that encodes a version by a three-part version number (Major.Minor.Patch), an optional pre-release tag, and an optional build meta tag. In this scheme, risk and functionality are the measures of significance. Breaking changes are indicated by increasing the major number (high risk); new, non-breaking features increment
1891-483: The OS only incremented build number and update build revision (UBR) number. The successor of Windows 10, Windows 11 , was released on October 5, 2021. Despite being named "11", the new Windows release didn't bump its major version number to 11. Instead, it stayed at the same version number of 10.0, used by Windows 10. Some software producers use different schemes to denote releases of their software. The Debian project uses
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1952-538: The decimal scheme, 1.81 is the minor version following 1.8, while maintenance releases (i.e. bug fixes only) may be denoted with an alphabetic suffix, such as 1.81a or 1.81b. The standard GNU version numbering scheme is major.minor.revision, but Emacs is a notable example using another scheme where the major number (1) was dropped and a user site revision was added which is always zero in original Emacs packages but increased by distributors. Similarly, Debian package numbers are prefixed with an optional "epoch", which
2013-431: The end, so that the version number asymptotically approaches the number π . (This is a form of unary numbering ; the version number is the number of digits.) As of February 2021, the version number is 3.141592653. This is a reflection of TeX being very stable, and only minor updates are anticipated. TeX developer Donald Knuth has stated that the "absolutely final change (to be made after [his] death)" will be to change
2074-598: The final release was released (5.0). Version 5.01, a bug fix version, was released in December 1999. Internet Explorer 5 Macintosh Edition had been released a few months earlier on March 27, 2000, and was the last version of Internet Explorer to be released on a non-Windows platform. Version 5.5 for Windows was released in June 2000, bundled with 128-bit encryption. It dropped support for several older Windows versions. A 1999 review of IE5 by Paul Thurrott described IE5 in ways such as, "Think of IE 5.0 as IE 4.0 done right: All of
2135-478: The first released version of a software product has version 1. Some projects use the major version number to indicate incompatible releases. Two examples are Apache Portable Runtime (APR) and the FarCry CMS. Often programmers write new software to be backward compatible , i.e., the new software is designed to interact correctly with older versions of the software (using old protocols and file formats) and
2196-480: The first represent changes of decreasing significance. Depending on the scheme, significance may be assessed by lines of code changed, function points added or removed, the potential impact on customers in terms of work required to adopt a new version, risk of bugs or undeclared breaking changes, degree of changes in visual layout, the number of new features, or almost anything the product developers or marketers deem to be significant, including marketing desire to stress
2257-516: The major release number, such as 19999.00071 for alpha 1 of version 20000, and 29999.50000 for beta 2 of version 30000. Starting at 9001 in 2003, the most recent version as of 2011 is 140000. Urbit uses Kelvin versioning (named after the absolute Kelvin temperature scale): software versions start at a high number and count down to version 0, at which point the software is considered finished and no further modifications are made. Software may have an "internal" version number which differs from
2318-433: The means of incrementing the sequences. In some schemes, sequence-based identifiers are used to convey the significance of changes between releases. Changes are classified by significance level, and the decision of which sequence to change between releases is based on the significance of the changes from the previous release, whereby the first sequence is changed for the most significant changes, and changes to sequences after
2379-459: The minor number (medium risk); and all other non-breaking changes increment the patch number (lowest risk). The presence of a pre-release tag (-alpha, -beta) indicates substantial risk, as does a major number of zero (0.y.z), which is used to indicate a work-in-progress that may contain any level of potentially breaking changes (highest risk). As an example of inferring compatibility from a SemVer version, software which relies on version 2.1.5 of an API
2440-451: The most recent version (using the latest protocols and file formats). For example, IBM z/OS is designed to work properly with 3 consecutive major versions of the operating system running in the same sysplex. This enables people who run a high availability computer cluster to keep most of the computers up and running while one machine at a time is shut down, upgraded, and restored to service. Often packet headers and file format include
2501-507: The never-ending game of browser one-upsmanship that Netscape and Microsoft play. The new IE 5 trumps Netscape Communicator with smarter searching and accelerated browsing." IE5 attained over 50% market share by early 2000, taking the lead over other browser versions including IE4 and Netscape. 5.x versions attained over 80% market share by the release of IE6 in August 2001. 5.0x and 5.5 were surpassed by Internet Explorer 6.0 , dropping it to
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2562-401: The next major release was not 11.0. Instead, it was numbered 10.1, followed by 10.2, 10.3, and so on for each subsequent major release. Thus the 11th major version of OS X was labeled "10.10". Even though the "X" was dropped from the name as of macOS 10.12 , this numbering scheme continued through macOS 10.15. Under the "X"-based versioning scheme, the third number (instead of the second) denoted
2623-416: The padding and borders within a specified width or height; this results in a narrower or shorter rendering of a box. The bug was fixed in Internet Explorer 6 when running in standards-compliant mode. With the release of Internet Explorer 5.0, Microsoft released the first version of XMLHttpRequest (XHR), giving birth to Ajax (even though the term "Ajax" was not coined until years later.) XMLHttpRequest
2684-437: The products were not upgrades to previous versions, but brand-new programs. As with OS X, major releases for these programs incremented the second digit and minor releases were denoted using a third digit. The "X" was dropped from Final Cut's name with the release of macOS 11.0 (see below), and QuickTime's branding became moot when the framework was deprecated in favor of AVFoundation in 2011 (the program for playing QuickTime video
2745-459: The release was "more significant". Thus, "8.5" was marketed as its own release, representing "Mac OS 8 and a half", and 8.6 effectively meant "8.5.1". Mac OS X departed from this trend, in large part because "X" (the Roman numeral for 10) was in the name of the product. As a result, all versions of OS X began with the number 10. The first major release of OS X was given the version number 10.0, but
2806-458: The rough areas have been smoothed out..", "....comes optionally bundled with a full suite of Internet applications that many people are going to find irresistible.", "IE 5.0 is a world-class suite of Internet applications." Microsoft ended all support for Internet Explorer 5.5, including security updates, on December 31, 2005. Microsoft continued to support Internet Explorer 5.01 SP4, according to its Support Lifecycle Policy; however, this support
2867-521: The second most popular browser, with market share dropping to 34 percent by mid-2003. In addition, Firefox 1.0 had overtaken it in market share by early 2005. Market share of IE5 fell below 1% by the end of 2006, right when Internet Explorer 7 was released. Microsoft spent over US$ 100 million a year in the late 1990s, with over 1000 people working on IE by 1999 during the development of IE5. The rendering behavior of Internet Explorer 5.x lives on in other browsers' quirks modes . Internet Explorer 5
2928-488: The sequences may be separated with characters. The choice of characters and their usage varies by the scheme. The following list shows hypothetical examples of separation schemes for the same release (the thirteenth third-level revision to the fourth second-level revision to the second first-level revision): When a period is used to separate sequences, it may or may not represent a decimal point—see " Incrementing sequences " section for various interpretation styles. There
2989-565: The version number from the product name. For Windows 95 (version 4.0), Windows 98 (4.10) and Windows 2000 (5.0), year of the release was included in the product title. After Windows 2000, Microsoft created the Windows Server family which continued the year-based style with a difference: For minor releases, Microsoft suffixed "R2" to the title, e.g., Windows Server 2008 R2 (version 6.1). This style had remained consistent to this date. The client versions of Windows however did not adopt
3050-622: The version number shown in the product name (and which typically follows version numbering rules more consistently). Java SE 5.0, for example, has the internal version number of 1.5.0, and versions of Windows from NT 4 on have continued the standard numerical versions internally: Windows 2000 is NT 5.0, XP is Windows NT 5.1, Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition are NT 5.2, Windows Server 2008 and Vista are NT 6.0, Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows 7 are NT 6.1, Windows Server 2012 and Windows 8 are NT 6.2, and Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 8.1 are NT 6.3. Windows 10
3111-492: The version number to π , at which point all remaining bugs will become permanent features. In a similar way, the version number of Metafont asymptotically approaches Euler's number, e . As of February 2021, the version number is 2.71828182. Metafont was also devised by Donald Knuth as a companion to his TeX typesetting system. During the era of the classic Mac OS , minor version numbers rarely went beyond ".1". When they did, they usually jumped straight to ".5", suggesting
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#17327764870953172-509: The year followed by the month followed by the day of the release; for example, "Wine 20040505". Minecraft had a similar version formatting, but instead used DDHHMM, ex: rd-132211, 13 being the 13th of May, and 2211 being 22:11. Microsoft Office build numbers are an encoded date: the first two digits indicate the number of months that have passed from the January of the year in which the project started (with each major Office release being
3233-589: Was added to the Active Desktop component introduced in IE4. An " HTML Application " (HTA) is a Microsoft Windows application written with HTML and Dynamic HTML and introduced with IE5. Internet Explorer 5.0 also introduced favicon support and Windows Script Host , which provides scripting capabilities comparable to batch files , but with a greater range of supported features. Because of United States v. Microsoft Corp. , The Active Channels Channel Bar
3294-524: Was ended on July 13, 2010. Version 5.0, launched on March 18, 1999, and subsequently bundled with Microsoft Office 2000 , was a significant release that supported bi-directional text , ruby characters , XML , XSLT and the ability to save web pages in MHTML format. There was enhanced support for CSS Level 1 and 2, and a side bar for web searches was introduced, allowing quick jumps throughout results. However, Internet Explorer 5 incorrectly includes
3355-434: Was initially intended to be NT 6.4, as the earliest Technical Preview build shared to the public is numbered 6.4.9841. However, that did not last as the version of Windows 10 was quickly artificially increased to 10.0 to align with the commercial name, resulting in the first released version of the operating system being numbered 10.0.10240. Note, however, that Windows NT is only on its fifth major revision, as its first release
3416-564: Was introduced for the first time with MIT's ITS file system, later the TENEX filesystem for the PDP-10 in 1972. Later lists of files including their versions were added, and dependencies amongst them. Linux distributions like Debian, with its dpkg , early on created package management software which could resolve dependencies between their packages. Debian's first try was that a package knew other packages which depended on it. From 1994 on this idea
3477-472: Was inverted, so a package that knew the packages it needed. When installing a package, dependency resolution was used to automatically calculate the packages needed as well, and install them with the desired package. To facilitate upgrades, minimum package versions were introduced. Thus the numbering scheme needed to tell which version was newer than the required one. A variety of version numbering schemes have been created to keep track of different versions of
3538-475: Was numbered 3.1 (to match the then-current Windows release number) and the Windows 10 launching made a version leap from 6.3 to 10.0. In conjunction with the various versioning schemes listed above, a system for denoting pre-release versions is generally used, as the program makes its way through the stages of the software release life cycle . Internet Explorer 5 Microsoft Internet Explorer 5 ( IE5 )
3599-541: Was only named QuickTime Player from the start). Apple's next macOS release, provisionally numbered 10.16, was officially announced as macOS 11 at WWDC in June 2020, and released in November 2020. The following macOS version, macOS Monterey , was released in October 2021 and bumped its major version number to 12. The Microsoft Windows operating system was first labelled with standard version numbers for Windows 1.0 through Windows 3.11 . After this Microsoft excluded
3660-763: Was removed in Internet Explorer 5. Version 5.5 followed in June 2000. First released to developers at the 2000 Professional Developers Conference in Orlando, Florida , then made available for download; it focused on improved print preview capabilities, CSS and HTML standards support, and developer APIs. It also includes support for 128-bit encryption. Although it is no longer available for download from Microsoft directly, it can also be installed with MSN Explorer 6.0 as msnsetup_full.exe. The full version of MSN Explorer can be downloaded only if Internet Explorer 5.5 has not yet been installed. The full version will work but
3721-486: Was the last version to support Windows 3.1x and Windows NT 3.51 . Support was dropped after that, as well as HP-UX, Solaris, the classic Mac OS, and Mac OS X. IE 5.5 SP2 was the last version to support Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0 SP3—SP6. IE5 was not developed for 68k Macs, support for which had been dropped in Internet Explorer 4.5. Internet Explorer 5 for Apple Macintosh requirements: Early versions of Mac OS X shipped with Internet Explorer for Mac v5.1 as
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