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Clyde Valley Blackhawks

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100-571: Clyde Valley Blackhawks are an American football club based in Wishaw , Scotland . The team operate in the BAFA National Leagues NFC 1 Scotland, the second level of British American football. The Clyde Valley Blackhawks were formed as the senior team of the former British champion Clyde Valley Hawks youth football team. The former players wanted to take Clyde Valley football to the next level rather than join another club and thus

200-407: A King George's Field in memorial to King George V , next to the town's hospital. This small park has two full-sized football pitches as well as a swing park and play area. To the northwest of the town, there is a large golf course . The town's municipal sports centre also includes two small swimming pools, badminton and martial arts facilities and gymnastic equipment. A full-length running track

300-557: A 46-ton cutter, was built by Scotts of Greenock in 1803. The pre-eminent Scottish yacht designer William Fyfe did not start designing yachts until 1807. The first yacht club on the Clyde was the Northern Yacht Club , which was established in 1824 and received its royal charter in 1831. The club was founded to organise and encourage the sport of yacht racing. By 1825, Scottish and Irish clubs were racing against each other on

400-484: A council estate. In March 2011, the parks play-area underwent a significant upgrade. Wishaw railway station on the Argyle line (running from Lanark and Carstairs to Milngavie and Dalmuir ). A mainly half hourly Mon-Sat service & hourly late evening and all day on Sundays is provided by ScotRail which connects Wishaw to places such as: Wishaw also has a second station, Shieldmuir railway station , serving

500-651: A few miles from the river, was constructed later by the Romans as a means of defending the area against invasion by the Picts . Despite the strategic location and flat terrain of Glasgow and the surrounding Clyde basin, no Roman civilian settlement was ever constructed. Instead, the region may have functioned as a frontier zone between the Roman province known as Britannia Inferior and the Caledonians , an indigenous group that

600-457: A heat source. The flow rate downstream alone is around 50 m /s. Reducing this temperature by 3 °C would enable river heat pumps to extract 188.1 MW of heat. Since river heat pumps typically have an efficiency of 3.0, the heat deliverable is 1.5 times the river component. As a result, the estuary could deliver 282 MW of heat. The temperature of industrial heat pump delivery is typically 80 °C. In 2020, West Dunbartonshire Council deployed

700-572: A large Catholic population and strong Catholic links. These Catholics are mainly descended from the Irish Catholics who fled the Famine to settle in and around Glasgow, with many coming to Lanarkshire in particular. Today, the descendants of these immigrants constitute most of the Catholics in the town but there are also Catholics who are from other ethnicities, in particular those from

800-498: A large swimming pool complete with a large spectator grandstand, an underwater viewpoint and diving facilities (with boards at 1.5m, 3m and 5m). This was closed during the late 1990s to make way for a much smaller facility on the site of the town's sports centre. The reason given for this decision was the cost of maintaining such a facility for a town as small as Wishaw. Over the years it had played host to many regional swimming events and also benefited from being within walking distance of

900-454: A long but declining history of coal usage and, beginning around the 1950s, an increasing reliance on petroleum fuels. The decline of hydrocarbon pollution was followed by the appearance of PCB concentrations in the 1950s. Total PCB concentration levels peaked in the period 1965 to 1977, and declined beginning in the 1990s. The Polmadie Burn , which flows into the Clyde at Richmond Park , remains heavily contaminated by hexavalent chromium , to

1000-597: A naval defence contractor, BAE Systems Surface Ships , which specialises in the design and construction of technologically advanced warships for the Royal Navy and other navies around the world. The two yards are the former Yarrow yard at Scotstoun , and Fairfields at Govan. In addition, the King George V Dock is operated by the Clyde Port Authority . Ferguson Shipbuilders , at Port Glasgow on

1100-557: A population of around 1,670,000 (around a third of Scotland's total); however, since 2016 Wishaw, Motherwell and Bellshill have been officially considered separate from the Glasgow ' settlement ' due to small gaps in the chain of occupied postcodes used to determine a grouping, and instead form their own settlement which itself has the fifth largest population in Scotland at 124,000. Wishaw experiences mild summers and cool winters, with

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1200-478: A small workshop at Sandbank in 1876, and went on to become one of the foremost wooden boat builders on the Clyde. The 'golden years' of Robertson's yard were in the early 20th century, when they started building classic 12-and-15-metre (39 and 49 ft) racing yachts. More than 55 boats were built by Robertson's in preparation for World War I, and the yard remained busy even during the Great Depression in

1300-752: Is a river that flows into the Firth of Clyde , in the west of Scotland. It is the ninth-longest river in the United Kingdom, and the third longest in Scotland after the River Tay and the River Spey . It runs through the city of Glasgow . The River Clyde estuary has an upper tidal limit located at the tidal weir next to Glasgow Green . Historically, it was important to the British Empire because of its role in shipbuilding and trade. To

1400-630: Is a small neighbourhood village in Wishaw. It is located to the north of the town. The suburb can be entered by Heathery Road or Cleland Road, with both roads leading onto the A721 or Glasgow Road running towards Wishaw Main Street. Wishawhill is situated within walking distance from the major places in the town such as the Main Street, the large Tesco Extra superstore and Wishaw General Hospital . There

1500-511: Is also on site along with a full-sized football pitch. Long jump pits and throwing cages are also issued within the track. There are also 5-a-side astroturf pitches for football, where many local games are held. Elsewhere, all-weather pitches and a children's play area behind Morrison's have been closed for a new shared campus primary school by St. Ignatius Primary and Wishaw Academy Primary. The local council has made no announcement on whether these facilities will be replaced. The town previously had

1600-599: Is also the large golf course located to the north of the area. Virtually all of Wishawhill is low density residential housing and flats, with only a Community Center and the Wishaw Ex-Servicemen's Club being the non-residential buildings in the area. Due to its close proximity with Wishaw Main Street, there is only one local newsagent shop. The suburb also has a swing park and a football pitch. River Clyde The River Clyde ( Scottish Gaelic : Abhainn Chluaidh , pronounced [ˈavɪɲ ˈxl̪ˠuəj] )

1700-414: Is around half a mile distant from the Clyde. It is said to have constructed over 500 vessels, many of which were assembled and then 'knocked down' to kit form for despatch to a remote location, such as Chauncy Maples . Clyde shipbuilding reached its peak in the years just before World War I: It is estimated that, in the year 1913 alone, over 370 ships were completed. The first recorded Clyde racing yacht,

1800-491: Is located in the relatively level Central Belt area; while there are valleys and high moors, there are no hills or summits over 1,640 feet. The defined "locality" of Wishaw had a population of 30,290 in 2016, the 26th largest such place in the country. Along with its neighbours of Hamilton , Bellshill and Motherwell it had been considered to form part of the Greater Glasgow conurbation , which as of 2019 had

1900-512: Is not certain how Wishaw's name came into being. The town is named after Wishaw House , a large manor built in the woods by the South Calder Water . The house was probably built some time after the sale of the lands of Coltness , Wishaw, Watstein and Stain to the predecessor of Lord Belhaven: Hamilton of Uddsten. It could be a corruption of " Via shaw" meaning "way through the woods", which would make sense as an ancient Roman road

2000-636: Is notably round, similar to those found in Wales and Ireland, suggesting it could have been built on an earlier Celtic temple. Excavated from this area was the Cambusnethan Stone, a large Christian tablet created by the Strathclyde Britons . In the 12th century, a Norman lord constructed a large manor near Gowkthrapple, as well as another small church. This was the beginning of the parish of Cambusnethan, which lasted up until 1930. In

2100-706: Is on the A71 , Edinburgh, Livingston and Kilmarnock road which links the town to the M74 as well as the A73 which links the town with the Borders regions and the M8 . Following a campaign by local politicians, the area is now well signposted from the nearby M8 and M74 motorways. This move was considered necessary as although the town is not considered a principal destination from either of these roads and therefore not included as standard on

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2200-907: Is one of three acute hospitals in Lanarkshire, the others being Monklands Hospital in Airdrie and Hairmyres Hospital in East Kilbride . Also based in the town, on the site of the old town library in Kenilworth Avenue, is the Houldsworth Centre which houses a café, public toilet, Wishaw library and Wishaw Health Centre. The centre opened in April 2015 along with a multi-storey car park. Wishaw has many churches in it of various kinds and denominations. There are several Church of Scotland congregations. Serving principally

2300-487: Is thought to date back to the 15th century , and appears on Pont's map of Scotland from 1583, as Wisha. The settlements of Greenhead , Camnethan , Peddyr and Overtoun of Camnethan also appear. The ruined church on Kirk Road, mere yards away from the current Cambusnethan church, is thought to date back to the 1600s or earlier. In the 18th century agriculture in the area consisted mainly of growing oats although some wheat and pear trees were cultivated. Members of

2400-571: The Clyde Navigation Consolidation Act 1858 ( 21 & 22 Vict. c. cxlix). The Clyde Port Authority Confirmation Act 1965 (c. xlv) replaced the Clyde Navigation Trust with the Clyde Port Authority from 1 January 1966, which has since been renamed to 'Clydeport', and was privatisated in 1992. In 2003 it was acquired by Peel Holdings . The Clyde is formed by the confluence of two streams,

2500-404: The 2014 Scottish independence referendum , Wishaw along with its neighbour Motherwell, voted 52% in favour of Scottish independence , meanwhile 48% voted against independence. Since 2015 , Wishaw has voted SNP in both general elections and local Scottish elections , replacing Labour as the dominant party of the town. Wishaw also has a Scottish Conservative Councillor since 2017. 2024 labour

2600-505: The 7th century , Saint Mungo established a new Christian community on the banks of the Clyde, potentially replacing Cathures if this is assumed to have occupied the same locus. This community was the beginnings of what would become the city of Glasgow. Several villages along the Clyde that were founded in or before this period have endured to this day, and have grown to become towns, including Llanerc ( Lanark ), Cadzow ( Hamilton ), and Rhynfrwd ( Renfrew ). The fortress of Altclut fell in

2700-715: The Daer Water (the headwaters of which are dammed to form the Daer Reservoir ) and the Potrail Water. The Southern Upland Way crosses both streams before they meet at Watermeetings ( grid reference NS953131 ) to form the River Clyde proper. At this point, the Clyde is only 10 km (6 mi) from Tweed's Well, the source of the River Tweed , and is about the same distance from Annanhead Hill ,

2800-463: The Gare Loch , within half a mile of each other. McGruers built over 700 boats. Both yards built many widely-known and classic yachts, some of which are still sailing today. The Glasgow Humane Society is responsible for the safety and preservation of life on Glasgow's waterways. Founded in 1790, it is the oldest lifesaving organisation in the world. During and immediately after World War II ,

2900-628: The Industrial Revolution was due to the location of Glasgow, as a port facing the Americas. Tobacco and cotton trade began to drive this economic engine in the early 18th century. However, an obstacle to further economic growth soon became evident: the Clyde was too shallow for the largest ocean-going ships to navigate into it, so cargo had to be transferred, at Greenock or Port Glasgow , to smaller ships that could sail upstream into Glasgow itself. In 1768, John Golborne advised that

3000-558: The Italian and Polish communities in Scotland. Some Catholics are even ethnically Scottish. Wishaw is represented by several tiers of elected government. North Lanarkshire Council, the unitary local authority for Wishaw, is based at Motherwell , and is the executive, deliberative and legislative body responsible for local governance . The Scottish Parliament is responsible for devolved matters such as education , health and justice , while reserved matters are dealt with by

3100-670: The Parliament of the United Kingdom . The Motherwell and Wishaw constituency is represented in the UK Parliament by Pamela Nash MP (Labour). In the Scottish Parliament , the constituency is represented by Clare Adamson (SNP). In addition to this, Wishaw is represented by seven regional MSPs from the Central Scotland electoral region . There is no professional football team in Wishaw. Many of

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3200-642: The Reformed Presbyterian Church took up the favourable terms of the proprietor to enable them to establish a congregation in Wishaw in 1792. The village itself was laid out in 1794, named Cambusnethan, and later renamed Wishawtown . In 1801 the population of Wishaw was about 400 and that of the whole parish only 1,972. In the 1830s Lord Belhaven set up a distillery in Wishaw. Other nineteenth century industries included coal mining, iron and steel making, foundry work, railway-waggon building and fire-clay making. Wishaw grew dramatically in

3300-597: The River Cart , by many boatyards, including those at Maryhill and Kirkintilloch on the Forth & Clyde Canal , and Blackhill on the Monkland Canal . Over the same time period, it is estimated that more than 300 firms have engaged in shipbuilding on Clydeside, although probably at most 30 to 40 firms were operating at any given time. The shipbuilding firms became household names on Clydeside, and even around

3400-573: The Romans , it was Clota , and in the early medieval Cumbric language , it was known as Clud or Clut . It was central to the Kingdom of Strathclyde ( Teyrnas Ystrad Clut ). The exact etymology of the river's name is unclear, though it is known that the name is ancient. In 50AD, the Egyptian mathematician, astronomer and geographer Claudius Ptolemy wrote of the river as "Klōta", It

3500-521: The Siege of Dumbarton of 870 AD, when a force of Norse-Irish raiders from the Kingdom of Dublin sacked it. After that, the kingdom, now politically weakened, possibly moved its capital to Govan . However, it never fully recovered, and in the 11th century it was annexed by the Kingdom of Alba . It did however retain some autonomy under the Church of Glasgow, which became the secular successors of much of

3600-687: The South Calder Water , further north near Coltness and Newmains. At present there are three high schools in the area: Clyde Valley High School in Overtown, and Coltness High School and St Aidan's High School , both in Coltness. St. Aidan's High School serves not only Catholic pupils from Wishaw, but nearby towns such as Newmains, Shotts and Carluke. St. Aidans, therefore has the highest number of pupils at around 1,100. Primary schools in Wishaw include Calderbridge, St. Thomas', Thornlie, St. Aidan's, Cambusnethan, St. Ignatius' and Wishaw Academy (with both

3700-546: The early modern period onwards, the Clyde began to be used commercially as a trade route; trade between Glasgow and the rest of Europe became commonplace. In the centuries that followed, the Clyde became increasingly vital to both Scotland and Britain as a major trade route for exporting and importing resources. The Clyde Navigation Trust was initially formed in 1840 by the Clyde Navigation Act 1840 ( 3 & 4 Vict. c. cxviii), and then reconstituted under

3800-541: The legions of the Roman Empire arrived in southern Scotland, the river and the area surrounding it had been settled by the Brythonic-speaking Damnonii tribe. It has been suggested that a Damnonii town called Cathures was located there and was the precursor to modern Glasgow. The Damnonii tribe originally likely distributed power among individual chiefdoms, but at some point before 500 AD

3900-625: The 13th century, administrative control of the parish was ceded to Glasgow from the previous Kelso Abbey . Small fortresses and tower houses were built, and after the Scottish Wars of Independence , the barony was transferred by Robert the Bruce to local lords, however the title lay abandoned by the 20th century. The Somervilles of Cambusnethan were the principal aristocrats in the area, although sold their land to Sir James Steuart ,later Lord Provost of Edinburgh in 1653. Wishaw House

4000-478: The 1830s, with railways and gasworks coming to the town, many collieries opening during this time period. By the time the Caledonian Railway 's main line came through Wishaw in 1848 it was a major mining centre fueling an important part of Scotland's industrial heartland. There were also factories for needle-work and tambouring , and confectionery. On 4 September 1855, the town was incorporated with

4100-559: The 1930s, as many wealthy businessmen developed a passion for yacht racing on the Clyde. During World War II, the yard was devoted to Admiralty work, producing large, high-speed Fairmile Marine motor boats (motor torpedo boats and motor gun boats). After the war, the yard built the successful one-class Loch Longs and two 12 m (39 ft) challengers for the America's Cup , designed by David Boyd: Sceptre (1958) and Sovereign (1964). Because of difficult business conditions in 1965,

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4200-403: The 1970s, and completed eastward in 2005, is a foot-and mountain-bike path that follows the course of the Clyde between Glasgow and New Lanark . Scottish Natural Heritage has designated it one of Scotland's Great Trails . The British Geological Survey has identified and evaluated organic chemical pollutants in the sediment of the Clyde estuary. Surface sediments from the Glasgow reaches of

4300-661: The Blackhawks were created in 2007. The club's first head coach was David Czekalla former offensive coordinator of the Hawks. The Blackhawks joined the BAFA senior league as affiliates for the 2008 season. The Blackhawks joined Division 2 of the senior league in 2009 and quickly adjusted to life in the senior league posting a 6–4 record in their first full season. The 2014 season saw the Clyde Valley Blackhawks claim

4400-604: The Blackhawks were re-admitted to the National Leagues in 2017. Wishaw Wishaw ( / ˈ w i ʃ ɔː / ; Scots : Wishae or Wisha / ˈ w i ʃ i / ; Scottish Gaelic : Camas Neachdain ) is a large town in North Lanarkshire , Scotland, on the edge of the Clyde Valley , 15 miles (24 km) south-east of Glasgow city centre. The Burgh of Wishaw

4500-540: The Clyde and Cuningar to Milton , were previously found to contain polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from 630 μg/kg to 23,711 μg/kg and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in the range of 5 to 130.5 μg/kg, which puts these sediments in the range classified as "non-toxic." However, a later study showed PCB concentrations as high as 5,797 μg/kg, which is above published threshold levels for such chlorinated compounds. A comparison between individual PAH compounds that have different thermal stabilities shows that

4600-470: The Clyde since the Paleolithic era. Artifacts dating from 12,000 BC have been found near Biggar , a rural town close to the river. Biggar is home to an archeological site at which Britain's most ancient artifacts have been unearthed. Prehistoric canoes , used by ancient peoples for transport or trade, have been found in the river. There are a number of Mesolithic sites along the Clyde, especially in

4700-542: The Clyde's importance as a major industrial centre rapidly declined. During the war, the Luftwaffe singled out Clydebank for bombing , and its buildings sustained heavy damage. In the immediate postwar period, the sharp reduction in warship orders was initially balanced by a prolonged boom in merchant shipbuilding. But by the end of the 1950s, other countries had begun to establish well-capitalised and highly productive shipbuilding centres that were able to outcompete many of

4800-407: The Clyde. By the mid-19th century, yachting and yacht building had become widely popular. The Clyde became famous worldwide for its significant contribution to yachting and yachtbuilding, and was the home of many notable designers: William Fife III , Alfred Mylne , G. L. Watson , E. McGruer, and David Boyd. It was also home to many famous yacht yards. Robertson's Yard started repairing boats in

4900-602: The Craigneuk area of the town. There is also a few services to Edinburgh Waverley which run Mon-Sat. Some extra peak services are provided Mon-Fri to/from Carstairs and Anderston via Glasgow Central Low Level. Trains on the West Coast Main Line pass through the town at 115 mph, but no passenger service trains stop there, as the main Wishaw South railway station on the line closed in 1958. Wishaw

5000-555: The Division 2 Northern Conference Championship. This was the icing on the cake for the Clyde Valley football program that had never had a losing season since joining the senior league in 2009. Winning the title the previous year saw the Blackhawks promoted to Division 1 for the first time in 2015. The Blackhawks withdrew from league football at the start of the 2016 season After successfully completing three associate games in 2016

5100-572: The European shipbuilding yards. Several Clydeside yards booked a series of loss-making contracts in the hope of weathering the storm, but their unprofitable circumstances continued for too long, and by the mid-1960s they faced potential collapse. Harland and Wolff 's Linthouse yard went under, and Fairfields of Govan faced bankruptcy. The government tried to limit the decline by creating the Upper Clyde Shipbuilders consortium, but

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5200-644: The Glasgow Garden Festival 1988 as part of the re-use of city docklands and associated industrial uses led by the Scottish Development Agency in the 1980s and early 90s. The Clyde Waterfront Regeneration project from 2008 aims to continue this approach of finding new uses and attracting new investment, from Glasgow Green to Dumbarton. Residents and tourists come back to the riverside, especially in Glasgow, where vast former docklands have given way to housing and amenities on

5300-516: The Lower Clyde, is now owned by the Scottish government. It is the last survivor of the many shipyards that once dominated Port Glasgow and Greenock. Its core business is now the construction of car ferries . Major regeneration schemes include those in the 1970s of forming Strathclyde Country Park , lying between Hamilton and Motherwell, as part of motorway developments; the establishment of

5400-635: The Polish composer Frédéric Chopin . Chopin was entertained at Wishaw house and played there for the family, the Hamiltons of Belhaven. Wishaw and its nearby neighbour of Motherwell were once the centre of steel manufacture in Scotland, as both towns were located either side of the former Ravenscraig steelworks which closed in 1992. The (now-defunct) local firm of R Y Pickering & Co Ltd (later Norbrit-Pickering) built railway rolling stock (especially wagons) and many tramcars for tram systems throughout

5500-450: The UK. One of its last tramcar orders was for 10 double-decker trams for Aberdeen Corporation Tramways in 1949. In November 1996, the world's worst recorded outbreak of E. coli O157 occurred in the town, in which 21 people died and around 200 were infected. The town has recovered from the loss of industry such as steelworks and coal mines which were shuttered in the 1980s and 1990s. In

5600-443: The Upper Clyde Valley. Permanent settlements and structures, including what is believed to be a temple to moon gods in Govan , were constructed in the area during the Neolithic and Bronze Ages . Celtic art, language, and other aspects of culture began spreading to the area from the south during this period, and prehistoric artifacts suggest that, by around 1000 BCE, they had become the dominant cultural influences there. Before

5700-405: The amounts of PBDE compounds revealed a decline in certain compounds, in line with the European ban on production of mixtures containing environmentally harmful PBDE with eight and nine bromine atoms. At the same time, there was an increase in the amounts of the less harmful mixture, composed of ten bromine atoms. The River Clyde, or more accurately the Clyde Estuary, has significant potential as

5800-474: The banks in the city. Examples of public amenities and attractions include the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre , the Glasgow Science Centre , and the Riverside Museum . Merchant shipping has largely moved west, closer to deeper water at Greenock, and 20 miles beyond that, south, to Hunterston. The river's water is increasingly used for recreation now that industrial uses have diminished. The Clyde Walkway , originating at Glasgow's Custom House Quay in

5900-423: The banks of the Clyde near what is now Netherton in the eighth century. There is however dispute to whether this was named after (or established by) Neithon of Alt Clut or perhaps St Ninian . Nonetheless, the area became known as Cambusnethan or Kamnethan from then on. The site of the original church remains as a ruined burial ground , including an impressive mausoleum to Lord Belhaven . The churchyard

6000-422: The consortium became mired in controversy and collapsed in 1971. After that, James Callaghan 's Labour government implemented the Aircraft and Shipbuilding Industries Act 1977 (c. 3), which nationalised most of the Clyde's shipyards and grouped them with other major British shipyards, such as the firm British Shipbuilders . Today, two major shipyards on the Upper Clyde remain in operation. They are both owned by

6100-412: The current Main Street is based on a road built by the Romans . Another such road ran close to Wishaw House. In the 1960s, a pagan religious figurine was found in the woods near Netherton, showing that there was some form of settlement near Wishaw before the Christianisation of Scotland , which occurred between 400 and 600 AD. A small church was established by a bend ( camas/cambo- in Cumbric ) on

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6200-425: The exchange of military information. The Romans did, however, construct several forts ( castra ) in the area, notably on the banks of the Clyde. These include Castledykes, Bothwellhaugh , and Old Kilpatrick and Bishopton . The Romans also constructed several roads along the river, both small ones and larger ones designed to be used as trade routes and to carry entire legions. The Antonine Wall , which lies only

6300-528: The extent it turned bright green in 2019, and yellow in 2021. Although pollution from heavy industry and power generation has been decreasing, there is evidence that human-made pollution from new synthetic compounds in electrical products and textiles has been increasing. The amounts of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) compounds used as flame retardants in televisions, computers, and furniture upholstery were measured in sediment cores collected from six sites between Princes Dock and Greenock. Comparison of

6400-466: The increased flow of the newly constrained water wore away the river bottom. In other cases, dredging was required to deepen the river. In the mid-19th century, engineers took on the task of dredging the Clyde much more extensively. They removed millions of cubic feet of silt to deepen and widen the channel. The major stumbling block encountered by that project was a massive geological intrusion known as Elderslie Rock . Because that rock increased

6500-490: The latter two schools being a joint campus). The town does not have a university or college at present, with the nearest college being Motherwell College , based in Ravenscraig , and the University of the West of Scotland (formerly Bell College of Technology) in Hamilton being the nearest university. Wishaw has a general hospital, now known as University Hospital Wishaw , in the Craigneuk area. It serves nearby settlements such as Motherwell , Newmains and Shotts . It

6600-455: The machinery needed to drive these vessels, including the boilers, pumps, and steering gear, including Rankin & Blackmore , Hastie's and Kincaid 's of Greenock, Rowan's of Finnieston, Weir's of Cathcart, Howden's of Tradeston, and Babcock & Wilcox of Renfrew. One shipyard that was known as a 'Clyde' shipyard was not actually located on any of the Clyde's waterways: Alley & MacLellan 's Sentinel Works in Jessie Street at Polmadie

6700-467: The modern town centre regeneration programme was completed in 2004, with a new car park being constructed between the local library and health centre and with the formation of a taxi rank adjacent to the library also a water fountain was put on the ground of Wishaw Library which looks like the old one which used to stand near the former Wishaw Health Centre. A piece of eyesore land between Station Road and Alexander Street (the railway station and sports centre)

6800-428: The most rainfall coming between October and March. Snow, while not unheard of during winters, is not the norm. Most winters in Wishaw see around 10–20 days of snow. The warmest month on average is July, with an average daily temperature of 14.7 °C, while the coldest is January with an average daily temperature of 2.3 °C. Wishaw lies on two rivers, the Clyde running near Overton and Netherton and its tributary

6900-426: The open sea. Shipping and shipbuilding grow in Glasgow and its neighbouring industrial burghs of Govan and Partick ; with the Clyde, including is lower reaches, becoming the centre of world shipbuilding. The river then flows west, out of Glasgow, past Renfrew , under the Erskine Bridge , and past Dumbarton on the northern shore and the sandbank at Ardmore Point between Cardross and Helensburgh . Opposite, on

7000-480: The political framework was a British culture of Welsh speakers that was politically unified and formed a centralised kingdom known as Alt Clut, representing the power centre at Dunbarton Rock. None of the documentary or archaeological evidence from the period when the Roman legions arrived suggests that battles took place in the area. Therefore the Roman legions and Damnonii tribespeople are assumed to have been on good terms and to have co-operated by means of trade and

7100-420: The power of the Falls of Clyde , the most spectacular of which is Cora Linn. A hydroelectric power station still generates 11MW of electricity there today, although the mills have now become a museum and World Heritage Site . The river then makes its way northwest, past the towns of Wishaw to the east of it and Larkhall to the west of it. The river's surroundings here become increasingly suburban. Between

7200-579: The problem, so in 1773, a training wall called the Lang Dyke was built on the Dumbuck shoal to stop water flowing over into the southern channel of the river. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, hundreds of jetties were built out from the banks of the river between Dumbuck and the Broomielaw quay in Glasgow proper. In some cases, this construction had the effect of deepening the river, because

7300-399: The project's difficulty, the work was not completed until the 1880s. Around this time, the Clyde became an important source of inspiration for artists, such as John Atkinson Grimshaw and James Kay , who were interested in painting scenes that depicted the new industrial era and the modern world. The completion of the dredging was well-timed, because the channel finally became navigable all

7400-510: The river should be made narrower and the scour increased by constructing rubble jetties and dredging sandbanks and shoals . Another obstacle to navigation that had to be solved was that the river divided into two shallow channels by the Dumbuck shoal near Dumbarton . After James Watt 's 1769 report describing this problem, a jetty was constructed at Longhaugh Point to block off the southern channel. This turned out to be insufficient to solve

7500-589: The river's shipyards were given contracts to build prestigious ocean-going liners, as well as warships. The Queen Mary and, in later years, the Queen Elizabeth 2 were built in the town of Clydebank . Between 1712, when the Scott family's shipyard was built at Greenock, and the present day, over 25,000 ships have been built on the River Clyde, its firth, and its tributaries , the River Kelvin and

7600-687: The signage, it is now the home to the main hospital for an area stretching right down the M74 corridor almost to the English border approximately 75 miles (120 km) away. The nearest airport to Wishaw is Glasgow Airport at 20 miles (32 km) distant, though at 26 miles (42 km) Edinburgh Airport is not much further. Connections to both airports are only via the cities they serve as no direct public transport links are available. Wishawhill ( 55°46′42″N 3°56′17″W  /  55.778447°N 3.937928°W  / 55.778447; -3.937928 )

7700-595: The source of PAH pollution in the Clyde is different in different parts of the river. PAH in the inner Clyde (Cuningar to Milton) are from combustion sources (vehicle exhaust, coal burning), whereas PAH in the outer Clyde are from petroleum spills. The amount and type of sedimentary pollution in the Clyde reflects the area's industrial history. In order to assess how the nature of the pollutants has changed over time, from 1750 to 2002, seven sediment cores of one metre's depth were collected, and dated using lead concentrations and changing lead isotope ratios. The sediments showed

7800-458: The source of the River Annan . From there, it meanders northeastward before turning to the west, where its flood plain serve as the site of many major roads in the area, then reaches the town of Lanark , where the late 17th- and early 18th-century industrialists David Dale and Robert Owen built mills and the model settlement of New Lanark on the banks of the Clyde. The mills harnessed

7900-459: The southeastern part of Glasgow, the river begins to widen, meandering through Cambuslang , Rutherglen , and Dalmarnock , and past Glasgow Green . From the Tidal Weir westwards, the river is tidal : a mix of fresh and salt water. Over three centuries the river has been engineered and widened where it passes through Glasgow city centre and onwards towards Dumbarton and Greenock and

8000-509: The southern shore, is the last remaining Lower Clyde shipyard, at Port Glasgow . The river continues on to Greenock , where it reaches the Tail of the Bank as the river merges into the Firth of Clyde . Here at the mouth of the Clyde, there is currently a significant ecological problem of oxygen depletion in the water column. The economic prosperity that the Clyde made possible at the beginning of

8100-607: The territory when it was treated as a Principality of the Scottish Crown. In the 13th century, Glasgow, then still a small town, built its first bridge over the river Clyde. This was an important step in its ability to eventually grow into a city. The establishment, in the 15th century, of both the University of Glasgow and the Archdiocese of Glasgow , vastly increased the importance of the town within Scotland. From

8200-575: The town centre are Wishaw Old Parish Church, the oldest building in Wishaw with the Town Clock in the steeple as the town's principal landmark, and South Wishaw Parish Church , on the outskirts of the town centre. Serving the outlying parts of Wishaw are – Cambusnethan North Parish Church, Cambusnethan Old and Morningside Parish Church, Craigneuk and Belhaven Church, Coltness Memorial Church (Newmains) and St. Mark's Church (Coltness). The Church of Scotland "charges" have been reduced in recent years through

8300-540: The town's industrial areas, though none with more than a few hundred employees. Main Street is the predominant shopping area in Wishaw. It is partly made up of major national stores such as Peacock's , Poundland , Iceland and Greggs The Main Street shopping area also features small independent retailers. There are also many supermarkets in the area, with a new small format Asda in the eastern suburb of Newmains that opened in October 2007. A Tesco Extra superstore

8400-406: The town's residents are followers of Rangers , Celtic and near-neighbours Motherwell . There is however a junior football team, Wishaw , which plays its home games at Beltane Park , near to the town's sports centre. There is also a large juvenile football club, Wishaw Wycombe Wanderers, who have many registered young players, playing football in age groups from Under 6s to Under 21s. Wishaw has

8500-482: The towns of Motherwell and Hamilton , the course of the river has been altered to create an artificial loch within Strathclyde Park . Part of the original course can still be seen: It lies between the island and the eastern shore of the loch. The river then flows through Blantyre and Bothwell , where the ruined Bothwell Castle stands on a defensible promontory . As it flows past Uddingston and into

8600-407: The two main secondary schools in the area as well as a host of primary schools. University Hospital Wishaw also has a heat pool for specialist physio treatment. Wishaw also has a town park named after Lord Belhaven , Belhaven Park. It has a swing park with plenty of climbing frames and slides, and plenty of benches. There is a pathway at the back of the park which leads through the trees and into

8700-597: The union of Thornlie and Chalmers Churches to form South Wishaw Parish Church. The town also has a United Free Church, an Episcopal Church dedicated to St. Andrew, a Baptist church (both in Belhaven Terrace), a Gospel Hall (Ebenezer Gospel Hall), a Methodist church (now known as Netherton Methodist Church), a Christian Outreach Centre and five Roman Catholic Churches: St. Ignatius of Loyola (Young Street), St. Aidan's (Coltness), St. Thomas' (Pather), St. Brigid's (Newmains) and St. Patrick's (Shieldmuir). The town has

8800-461: The villages of Coltness and Stewarton to form the Burgh of Wishaw, with a population of approximately 5,000. Four years later, in 1859, St.Ignatius Parish Church was established, and the church built on Young Street, where it remains to this day. In 1882 Groome recorded that there were 5 schools in Wishaw as well as others in nearby villages. Wishaw in the middle of the 19th century was visited by

8900-475: The way from Greenock to Glasgow just when the steelwork industry had begun to grow in the city. Shipbuilding replaced trade as the major activity on the river, and shipbuilding companies started rapidly establishing themselves there. The Clyde soon gained a reputation for being the best location for shipbuilding in the British Empire , and grew to become the world's pre-eminent shipbuilding centre. The term Clydebuilt became an industry symbol of high quality, and

9000-418: The world to some extent. These included, among many others, John Brown & Company of Clydebank, Denny of Dumbarton, Scott of Greenock, Lithgows of Port Glasgow, Simon and Lobnitz of Renfrew, Alexander Stephen & Sons of Linthouse, Fairfield of Govan, Inglis of Pointhouse, Barclay Curle of Whiteinch, Connell and Yarrow of Scotstoun. Almost as famous were the engineering firms that supplied

9100-465: The yard turned to doing GRP production work (mainly building Pipers and Etchells), and it closed in 1980. During its 104-year history, Robertson's Yard built 500 boats, many of which are still sailing today. Two other notable boatyards on the Clyde were Silvers, which operated from 1910 to 1970, and McGruers, which operated from 1910 to 1973. They were situated on the Rosneath peninsula on the banks of

9200-414: Was also opened during November 2007, and is adjacent to the railway station , replacing the smaller Metro store on Main Street, about 150 metres (500 ft) from the new store. Wishaw also has the " Caledonian Centre ", a shopping complex in the northern suburb of Craigneuk consisting of other national store chains such as Argos , Matalan , B & M , Pets at Home and The Range . The first stage of

9300-484: Was built through the modern town. Another theory is that the name derives from "Wee Shaw", meaning small wood, or that the "wis" comes from the medieval Scots for "water", meaning "water wood". In Scottish Gaelic, the main name of the town is Camas Neachdain . The area of what is now Wishaw once lay on important Roman roads that ran through the areas of the Clyde ( Latin – Cluta) and South Calder Water . In fact,

9400-713: Was called Clut or Clud by the Britons and Clota by the Romans. It is therefore likely that the name comes from a Celtic language—most likely Old British . But there is more than one old Celtic word that the river's name could plausibly derive from. One possible root is the Common Brittonic Clywwd , meaning 'loud' or 'loudly'. More likely, the river was named after a local Celtic goddess, Clōta . The goddess's name in turn derives from an older, Proto-Celtic word meaning 'the strongly flowing one' or 'the holy cleanser'. Humans have settled along

9500-428: Was converted into a park and ride facility, as part of this programme. This has led to a decrease in railway parking and traffic next to the station. The facility was later increased in size as it was too small. In late 2011, Kitchener Street was converted from a small neighbourhood to a main road, routing traffic away from the Main Street to Kenilworth Avenue, where a new roundabout was built. Lammermore Terrace, which

9600-585: Was formed in 1855 within Lanarkshire . It formed a joint large burgh with its neighbour Motherwell from 1920 until its dissolution when Scottish local authorities were restructured in 1975, and was then in Motherwell district within the Strathclyde region until 1996. The town is part of the Motherwell and Wishaw constituency . It has the postal code of ML2 and the dialling code 01698 . It

9700-467: Was hostile to the Romans. Strathclyde was founded as an independent unified British kingdom, quite some centuries after the Roman occupation of Britain . The kingdom's core territory and much of its arable land was located around the Clyde basin in the area traditionally associated with Alt Clut. The kingdom was ruled from its original capital, the near impenetrable Alt Clut fortress (Dumbarton Rock), which

9800-438: Was previously one-way, was converted into a two-way street. In 2014 work on a new modern housing estate called Ravenwood began on the site of the old Lammermoor Primary school, which was renamed Calderbridge and moved to a new building 600m away. The neighbourhood was finished in 2016 and now consists of around 50 houses. Wishaw lies within North Lanarkshire , the fourth largest local authority in Scotland by population. The town

9900-613: Was situated on the river and overlooked much of the estuary. This fortress was noteworthy enough to have been referred to at the time in several letters and poems about Sub-Roman Britain , written by Gildas and others. Strathclyde remained a powerful kingdom during the early medieval period in Britain. It was also a reservoir of native Welsh culture : Its territory expanded along the Clyde Vae Southern Uplands and Ayrshire, and eventually southwards into Cumbria. In

10000-475: Was voted back in as the main constituency of Motherwell & Wishaw after years of being SNP These days, North Lanarkshire Council suggest that the majority of the biggest employers in the town are supermarkets, with the exceptions of Royal Mail , which has its main Scottish distribution centre at Shieldmuir and the NHS as a result of University Hospital Wishaw . There are many service industry businesses located in

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