Classical Guarani , also known as Missionary Guarani or Old Guarani ( abá ñeȇ́ lit. 'the people's language') is an extinct variant of the Guarani language . It was spoken in the region of the thirty Jesuit missions among the Guarani (current territories of Paraguay , Argentina and Brazil ). The Jesuits studied the language for around 160 years, assigning it a writing system and consolidating several dialects into one unified language. Classical Guarani went extinct gradually after their suppression in 1767.
12-521: Despite its extinction, its bibliographical production and that of written documents was rich and is still mostly conserved. Therefore, it is considered an important literary branch in the history of Guarani. Criollo Guarani has its roots in the Classical Guarani as spoken outside Jesuit missions, once the Society of Jesus was suppressed. Modern scholars have shown that Guarani has always been
24-644: A minimal phonological adaptation. Thus, the word for communion in Classical Guarani would be Tȗpȃ́rára whereas in Criollo Guarani it is komuño (from Spanish comunión ). Because of the emigration from the reductions, Classical and Criollo got to come to a wide contact with each other. Most speakers abandoned the Classical variant, more complicated and with more rules, in favor of the more practical Criollo. The consonant phonemes of Classical Guarani are as follows: Classical Guarani using letters from
36-693: The Governorate of Guayrá , was a governorate of the Spanish Empire and part of the Viceroyalty of Peru . Its seat was the city of Asunción ; its territory roughly encompassed the modern day country of Paraguay . The Governorate was created on December 16, 1617, by the royal decree of King Philip III as a split of the Governorate of the Río de la Plata and of Paraguay into its respective halves. The Governorate lasted until 1782, after which
48-572: The Latin alphabet assigned to each phoneme by Jesuit missionaries. Some of the orthographical rules are as follows: Early scholars failed to represent the glottal stop. This is due to the prevailing view at the time among scholars (which lasted until the sixties) that the glottal stop in Guarani was a suprasegmental phenomenon (hiatus, stress, syllable, etc.). Classical Guarani only had four numbers on its own. Bigger numbers were introduced later on in
60-560: The capital of the governorate since Juan de Ayolas .) After the founding of the Viceroyalty of Peru in 1542, the governorate was since its birth under its authority until the formation of the independent Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata in 1776. Similarly, it was under the jurisdiction of the Royal Audience of Charcas until the formation of the independent Royal Audience of Buenos Aires from 1661 to 1671 and after 1783. Guayrá
72-614: The cardinal number. Act of Contrition from Catecismo de la lengua guaraní , the first catechism in Guarani, by Friar Antonio Ruiz de Montoya . Hae oȃngaipapaguê mboaçĭpa nateí. Cheyara Ieſu Chriſto Tȗpȃ́ eté Aba eté abé eicóbo, amboaçĭ chepĭ á guibé, ndebe cheangaipá haguêra nde Tȗpȃ́ etérȃmȏ nderecó rehé, che nde raĭhú rehé mbaepȃbȇ́ açoçé abé. Tapoí coĭterȏ́ che angaipábaguî, tañêmombeû Paí vpé, nde ñỹrȏ́ angá chébe, nde remȋ́mborará rehé, ndereȏ́ rehé abé. Amen Ieſus. Governorate of Paraguay The Governorate of Paraguay ( Spanish : Gobernación del Paraguay ), originally called
84-535: The language, making it stray far from the original dialect that the Jesuits had studied. Classical Guarani kept away from Hispanicisms, favoring the use of the language's agglutinative nature to coin new terms. This process would often lead to the Jesuits using more complex and synthetic terms to transmit Western concepts. Criollo Guarani, on the other hand, has been characterized by a free influx, unregulated with regards to Hispanicisms which were often incorporated with
96-530: The main language of the Jesuit Guarani missions and, later on, to the whole Governorate of Paraguay which belonged to the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata . After the expulsion of the Jesuits, the residents of the reductions emigrated gradually towards territories of current Paraguay, Corrientes, Uruguay, Entre Ríos and those to the North of Río Salado. These migratory moves caused a one-sided change in
108-649: The massive Viceroyalty of Peru was split, and Paraguay became an intendency ( intendencia ) of the new Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata . The comuneros established a Junta Gubernativa presided over by: This article about the history of Paraguay is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Governorate of the R%C3%ADo de la Plata The Governorate of the Río de la Plata (1549−1776) (Spanish: Gobernación del Río de la Plata , pronounced [ɡoβeɾnaˈsjon del ˈri.o ðe la ˈplata] )
120-429: The rest of Guarani languages. Sometimes they used yrundĭ hae nirȗî or ace pópeteȋ́ 'one human hand' for five, ace pómȏcȏî 'two human hands' for ten and mbó mbĭ abé 'hands and also feet' or ace pó ace pĭ abé 'human hands and also human feet' for twenty. Many nouns and verbs in its most basic form ("root") ended in consonants. However, the language did not allow lexemes to end in consonants. Therefore this form
132-453: Was never used alone by itself in speech but existed only hypothetically. It was, however, used accompanied by suffixes. For dictionaries and other books with the purpose of studying the language, this form was written with the last consonant between two full stops (e.g. tú.b. is the root, túba is the nominative). The language had no gender and no number as well. If an emphasis was to be made, they used words such as hetá (many) or specified
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#1732771800675144-670: Was one of the governorates of the Spanish Empire . It was created in 1549 by Spain in the area around the Río de la Plata . It was at first simply a renaming of the New Andalusia Governorate and included all of the land between 470 and 670 leagues south of the mouth of the Río Santiago along the Pacific coast. After 1617, Paraguay was separated under a separate administration ( Asunción had been
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