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72-670: RTA owns and operates the RTA Rapid Transit rail system (called "The Rapid" by area residents), which consists of one heavy rail line (the Red Line ) and three light rail lines ( Blue , Green , Waterfront ). The bulk of RTA's service consists of buses , including regular routes, express or flyer buses, loop and paratransit buses. In December 2004, RTA adopted a revised master plan, Transit 2025, in which several rail extensions, bus line improvements and transit oriented developments are discussed. RTA's major predecessor,

144-522: A triple bus . The Chinese manufacturer Zhejiang Youngman (Jinhua Neoplan ) has developed the 25 metres (82 ft) JNP6280G bi-articulated bus, deemed the "world's largest", which will be used in Beijing . Bi-articulated buses are still rare, having been trialled and rejected in some places. Because of their length they have a role on very high-capacity routes, or as a component of a bus rapid transit scheme. Major examples of bi-articulated buses playing

216-543: A "55" designation, the same bus route number used by the BRT's predecessor. All passengers must pay or swipe/dip their farecards on board the bus. Only a portion of the line along Clifton Boulevard–from the western terminus of Cleveland Memorial Shoreway to Webb Road in Lakewood – includes a dedicated bus-only lane. However, the bus-only designation only applies during rush hours: with the eastbound bus-only lane active during

288-789: A "puller" bus can be subject to unusual centripetal forces , which many people can find uncomfortable, although this is not an issue with "pushers". Nonetheless, the articulated bus is highly successful in Budapest , Hungary , where the BKV city transit company has been operating more than 1000 of them every day since the early 1970s. The Hungarian company Volán also runs hundreds of articulated buses on intercity lines. Articulated buses have been used in most European countries for many years. Articulated buses became popular in mainland Europe due to their increased capacity compared with regular buses. In many cities, lower railway bridge clearances have precluded

360-818: A 100% wheelchair-accessible bus fleet. Singapore Bus Services (SBS, present-day SBS Transit) introduced one Duple Metsec -bodied Volvo B10MA and one Volgren-bodied Mercedes Benz O405G in 1996 and 1997 respectively to evaluate the suitability of articulated buses for high-capacity single deck bus operations. The trial was however unsuccessful and SBS stuck to the use of 12-metre double deck "Superbuses". The two articulated buses were eventually sold off to Bayes Coachlines of Dairy Flat , Auckland in New Zealand in March 2006. SBS Transit only began to operate articulated buses again from March 2018 when ten ex- SMRT MAN A24 buses were transferred to SBS Transit in batches by

432-415: A change in the law, but the experiment was abandoned in 1981 because double-decker buses were generally considered less expensive both to purchase and to operate. The cost and weight of the strengthened deck framing and staircase of a double-decker was lower than the cost and weight of the additional axle(s) and coupling mechanism of an articulated bus. Modern technology has reduced the weight disadvantage, and

504-416: A crowded long bus can contain more than 100 passengers. In Macau, Transmac – Transportes Urbanos de Macau S.A.R.L. imported an 18-meter articulated bus model, and put it into operation on 6 January 2018 following multiple tests and adjustments. The bus operated on route 51 during peak hours. In Singapore , articulated buses were first introduced in 1996 by Trans-Island Bus Services (now SMRT Buses ) with

576-603: A damping system in the joint to reduce the risk of jack-knifing and fishtailing. This was developed by the FFG Fahrzeugwerkstätten Falkenried in Germany. The production cost of the pusher bus was lower than that of a puller bus. The puller bus was a completely different construction compared to a solo bus which was often fabricated by external body construction firms due to the lower production numbers compared to solo buses. The pusher concept enabled

648-494: A few cities, namely Beijing , Shanghai , and Hangzhou . In the 2000s, a surge in BRT construction has reintroduced or re-purposed the articulated bus fleets for rapid transit usage in cities like Changzhou , Chengdu , Dalian , Guangzhou , Jinan , Kunming , Xiamen , Yancheng , Zaozhuang , and Zhengzhou . Indonesia first operated articulated buses in 1993, when Jakarta's bus company PPD began to operate Ikarus articulated busses from Hungary on several busy lines. Later,

720-654: A historic mixed-use community in Cleveland proper, just west of the Shaker Heights border. The Blue Line veers southeast along Van Aken Boulevard until reaching its terminus near the intersection of Warrensville Center Road and Chagrin Boulevard ( U.S. Route 422 and State Route 8 ). The Green line continues due east along Shaker Boulevard ( State Route 87 ) until reaching its terminus at the intersection of Green Road. The Waterfront Line, opened in 1996, extends

792-624: A major role in bus rapid transit can be found in Curitiba, Bogota, Mexico City, Quito, etc. Volvo is a major supplier of puller-type bi-articulated buses in these markets. In the Netherlands, bi-articulated buses came into service in Utrecht (2002) and Groningen (2014) on busy routes. Most articulated buses use a single passenger level or deck. A few attempts have been made to design a double-decker articulated bus. NEOPLAN Bus GmbH built

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864-410: A rear section with a single axle, with the driving axle mounted on either the front or the rear section. Some articulated buses have a steering arrangement on the rearmost axle which turns slightly in opposition to the front steering axle, allowing the vehicle to negotiate tighter turns, similar to hook-and-ladder fire trucks operating in city environments. A less common variant of the articulated bus

936-1038: A single vehicle. King County Metro and Caltrans led a Pooled Purchase Consortium, formed in 1976, which later awarded a contract to the AM General / MAN joint venture responsible for assembling MAN SG 220 (from Germany) articulated buses in America. Contemporaneously, Crown entered an agreement with Ikarus to produce the Crown-Ikarus 286 , coupling American-made powertrains with the Hungarian Ikarus 280 chassis. Articulated buses have also been used in Australia, Austria ( Gräf & Stift ), Italy, Germany (Gaubschat, Emmelmann, Göppel, Duewag , Vetter), Canada (LFS Articulated), Hungary (Ikarus), Poland (Jelcz AP02), Romania ( DAC 117 UD ). The first modern British "bendy buses" (as they are referred to in

1008-480: A smaller turning radius, higher maximum service speed, the ability to pass under low bridges, and improved accessibility for people with disabilities and the elderly. In some circumstances of urban operation (such as in areas with narrow streets and tight turns), articulated buses may also be involved in significantly more accidents than conventional buses. Estimates for London's articulated buses put their involvement in accidents involving pedestrians at over five times

1080-522: A stepless entry, which will assist less-mobile passengers. Flip-up seats in the front part of the bus allow easy accommodation for passengers in wheelchairs and with strollers and prams . In 2009-2010 150 new Volvo B12BLEA articulated buses have been introduced into the Sydney Buses fleet, many of these part of the expanded Metrobus program. Articulated buses typically feature at least two and sometimes three curbside doors for passengers. Because

1152-565: A total of 47 stations. The stations are fully or partially within the city limits of Cleveland , Shaker Heights , East Cleveland , and Brook Park . Note: Euclid–East 120th Street station closed in 2015 and was replaced by Little Italy–University Circle station. Other transit in the United States: Articulated bus An articulated bus , also referred to as a slinky bus , bendy bus , tandem bus , vestibule bus , stretch bus , or an accordion bus ,

1224-517: A train is overcrowded. Bicycles are not allowed access to/from the Public Square/Tower City Station through the shopping areas of Tower City Center. However, an elevator connection is permitted between the station lobby and street level, at Prospect Avenue via the south-side doors. Bicycles are also allowed to transfer between trains at Tower City Station. There is no additional charge for taking bicycles on RTA. When RTA

1296-434: Is an articulated vehicle , typically a motor bus or trolleybus , used in public transportation . It is usually a single-decker , and comprises two or more rigid sections linked by a pivoting joint (articulation) enclosed by protective bellows inside and outside and a cover plate on the floor. This allows a longer legal length than rigid-bodied buses , and hence a higher passenger capacity (94–120), while still allowing

1368-486: Is monitored by the driver or conductor. The only way of checking for free riders was to use large teams of ticket inspectors to swamp the bus and inspect all tickets while keeping the doors closed, meanwhile delaying the further progress of the bus. Since the articulated buses were tending to serve areas of relative deprivation it is suspected that this was a contributory factor in Transport for London (TfL) turning against

1440-538: Is quite unusual. The shared stations have connected platforms of two heights to accommodate the two kinds of trains. And the two types of trains both use the same maintenance facility since they both use the same track gauge and same source of power (overhead catenary ). The Red Line, a heavy-rail route, runs in both directions on fully grade-separated rights-of-way built from 1955 to 1968. It serves Cleveland's southwest suburbs, with its southwestern terminus at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport . Heading northeast,

1512-546: Is the bi-articulated bus , where the vehicle has two trailer sections rather than one. Such vehicles have a capacity of around 200 people, and a length of about 25 m (82 ft); as such, they are used almost exclusively on high-capacity, high-frequency arterial routes and on bus rapid transit services. First example of the articulated bus appeared in Milan ( Italy ) in 1937. In 1938, Twin Coach built an articulated bus for

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1584-689: Is the Hungarian-made Ikarus 280 , the articulated version of the Ikarus 260, of which 60,993 buses were manufactured between 1973 and 2002, mostly for Soviet bloc customers. (This type accounted for two-thirds of the articulated buses built in the 1970s.) Puller-type articulated buses are built in less numbers, but are still available in Scandinavia and South America. Examples being the Volvo B9S and Volvo B12M . The pusher bus needs

1656-688: The Australian Capital Territory in 1974. They remain in service for Transport Canberra serving both rapid and feeder routes. In Adelaide , articulated buses are used on the O-Bahn Busway , reaching speeds of 100 km/h. The first articulated buses to use it were the Mercedes-Benz O305 G buses; however, three MAN SG280H buses are also equipped for O-Bahn use. In recent years, it has proven problematic to find suitable low-floor articulated buses to replace

1728-629: The Breda light rail vehicles used on the Blue , Green , and Waterfront lines. GCRTA's S200s will include steps at the front right door for boarding at street-level stations on the Blue, Green, and Waterfront. Once the acquisition is approved by the GCRTA's board, S200s are expected to begin service in Cleveland in 2026. In 2023, the GCRTA bus system had a ridership of 17,707,700, or about 65,200 per weekday as of

1800-695: The Cleveland Transit System , was the first transit system in the western hemisphere to provide direct rapid transit service from a city's downtown to its major airport. In 2007, RTA was named the best public transit system in North America by the American Public Transportation Association , for "demonstrating achievement in efficiency and effectiveness." The GCRTA was established on December 30, 1974, and on September 5, 1975 assumed control of

1872-704: The Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (GCRTA). The system serves Cleveland and surrounding areas in Cuyahoga County . The system currently consists of four total service lines: one rapid transit rail line and three light rail lines. The four rail lines join at Tower City Center in downtown Cleveland , on the platform level of the former Cleveland Union Terminal . Three rail lines share their tracks at Tri-C–Campus District and East 55th stations. This sharing of one route by light and heavy rail trains

1944-721: The Ikarus 280 was released. In the mid-1960s, AC Transit in California pioneered the American use of a modern articulated bus, operating the experimental commuter coach "XMC 77" (based on Continental Trailways ' Bus & Car Co. Super Golden Eagle model) on some of its transbay lines. The XMC-77, which AC Transit dubbed the "Freeway Train", was originally built in 1958, purchased by the District in October 1965, and made its debut run for Line N on 14 March 1966; passengers on

2016-819: The Land Transport Authority as part of the Seletar Bus Package under the Bus Contracting Model . In March 2021, Tower Transit took over 1 ex- SMRT MAN A24 bus from SMRT Buses in preparation for the takeover of Sembawang-Yishun Bus Package . Tower Transit took over more units as part of the transition in September 2021. Articulated buses were first used in Taiwan in 2014 as the Taichung BRT . The BRT system

2088-578: The Mercedes-Benz O405G buses (bodied in Hispano Carrocera (MK1/MK2), Hispano Habit and Volgren CR221). In 2015, SMRT introduced 40 MAN NG363F A24 buses to replace the first batch of O405Gs, while the subsequent batches were replaced by double deck buses issued by the Land Transport Authority . All Hispano Habit-bodied O405Gs have been retired from service as of December 2020 as part of Land Transport Authority 's policy of

2160-725: The Windermere Rapid Transit Station in East Cleveland. The vehicles are low-floor, articulated 63 feet (19 m) buses. Naming rights for the line were purchased by the Cleveland Clinic and University Hospitals for twenty-five years. The BRT route, originally named the "Silver Line", which serves the two major health industry employers in Cleveland, is named the HealthLine . As sections were completed, they were opened to traffic;

2232-562: The 1984-manufactured Mercedes buses, because the design of the O-Bahn track unfortunately precludes the use of most modern articulated buses. Sydney has seen the operation of articulated buses for many years. Currently it operates a fleet of various models with eighty Volvo B12BLEA buses joining the Sydney Buses fleet in 2005 and 2006, increasing capacity along many of the busy corridors. A number of prototype vehicles were delivered in 2008 & 2009 to operate on Sydney Buses' first Metrobus route,

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2304-720: The Blue and Green Lines from Tower City north through The Flats. It then travels northeast along the shoreline of Lake Erie , servicing the local Amtrak station and terminates at the Lakefront Municipal lot . The Waterfront light rail line provides access from Tower City Center to the Flats , Cleveland Browns Stadium , the Great Lakes Science Center , the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , and Burke Lakefront Airport . The RTA Rapid Transit system consists of

2376-556: The Cleveland Transit System, which operated the heavy rail line from Windermere to Cleveland Hopkins Airport and the local bus systems, and Shaker Heights Rapid Transit (the descendant of a separate streetcar system formed by the Van Sweringen brothers to serve their Shaker Heights development), which operated the two interurban light rail lines from downtown to Shaker Heights. CTS had been formed when

2448-470: The M10 from Leichhardt to Kingsford and Maroubra Junction. The buses feature different chassis, body types, and internal layouts. The articulated Volvo B12BLEA buses are fully wheelchair-accessible, air-conditioned, and have visual and audible next-stop passenger information systems installed. The buses feature air-conditioning, large electronic destination displays and cloth seating. Additionally, each bus features

2520-675: The Mercedes Benz Citaro is the only articulated bus available in the United Kingdom at present. The Last public Wright Eclipse Fusion bendy buses ran on 26 March 2023 on service 888 between Luton airport and Luton airport parkway station, the service being replaced by the Luton DART monorail service. In Asia, many major Chinese cities had fleets of articulated buses prior to the late 1990s. Some of these fleets have since been replaced by single-section units except in

2592-502: The MetroHealth logo. More than 400 bus-stop signs and 37 shelters also display the new logo along the routes. Unlike the other named lines, it features no BRT features. RTA has equipped all of its mainline buses with bicycle carriers . Each bus can carry two to three bicycles . Bicycles are also allowed on rapid transit trains (with a maximum limit of two per car) at all times, although operators have discretion to refuse bicycles if

2664-696: The Red Line serves University Circle before heading to its northeastern terminus at the Louis Stokes Station at Windermere in East Cleveland . The Blue and Green light-rail lines (alternatively known as the RTA Shaker Rapid ) were built from 1913 to 1936 as grade-separated lines closer to downtown and surface lines along street medians in the streetcar suburb of Shaker Heights . The two lines part ways at Shaker Square ,

2736-553: The TTC. In 2005, RTA began building a bus rapid transit line along Euclid Avenue from Public Square to University Circle and then to East Cleveland . This was originally to be a subway line running under Euclid Avenue, but the high cost of such a project caused it to be reduced in scope, resulting in the current bus rapid transit project. Vehicles operate in an exclusive center median busway from Public Square to Stokes Blvd. and transition to curbside running through University Circle to

2808-561: The UK and Canada) were built by Leyland-DAB and used in the city of Sheffield in the 1980s. They were subsequently withdrawn from service because they proved to be expensive to maintain. The main benefits of an articulated bus over the double-decker bus are rapid simultaneous boarding and disembarkation through more and larger doors, increased stability arising from a lower centre of gravity, smaller frontal area giving less air resistance than double decker buses thus better fuel efficiency, often

2880-451: The articulation joint is close behind the middle axle, usually four potential passenger door positions are possible on a single-articulated bus: Articulated buses can be of "pusher" or "puller" configuration. Very few companies specialise in manufacturing the articulated section for the buses. One that does is ATG Autotechnik GmbH in Siek near Hamburg . In most puller articulated buses,

2952-401: The benefits of a continuous low floor allowing easier access plus additional entrance doors for smoother loading have led to reconsideration of the use of articulated buses in the UK. In London , articulated buses were used on some routes from 2001 until 2011, but they were not a success. Boris Johnson , former Mayor of London , promised in the run-up to the mayoral election of 2008 to rid

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3024-818: The bus manufacturer to simply join a forward and a rear part of a solo bus and build the articulated bus completely in-house. This reduced the production cost. In pusher buses, only the rear axle is powered by a rear-mounted internal combustion engine , and the longitudinal stability of the vehicle is maintained by active hydraulics mounted under the turntable. This modern system makes it possible to build buses without steps and having low floors along their entire length, which simplifies access for passengers with limited mobility. Modern low-floor pusher articulated buses also tend to suffer from suspension problems because their wheels lack sufficient travel to enable them to absorb typical road surface unevenness. This also leads to passenger discomfort and relatively rapid disintegration of

3096-424: The bus to maneuver adequately. Due to their high passenger capacity, articulated buses are often used as part of bus rapid transit schemes, and can include mechanical guidance . Articulated buses are typically 18 m (59 ft) long, in contrast to standard rigid buses at 11 to 14 m (36 to 46 ft) long. The common arrangement of an articulated bus is to have a forward section with two axles leading

3168-483: The city of Baltimore ; this bus, which had four axles on a 47 ft (14.33 m) long body, was only articulated in the vertical direction to accommodate steep grades . 15 examples of the "Super Twin" were built in 1948, but it was not developed further. According to contemporary coverage, the Super Twin had a capacity of 58 seated and 120 total, with a weight of 27,500 lb (12,500 kg). In Budapest ,

3240-452: The city of Cleveland took over the old Cleveland Railway Company . However, with Cleveland's dwindling population over the previous two decades, its revenue dwindled significantly. The problem really manifested itself with a 17-day strike in July 1970. City and county leaders concluded that a regional approach was the only way to save it. A month after its formation, RTA assumed control over

3312-466: The city of the controversial buses and replaced them with double deckers. Elsewhere in the UK, they are generally operated on particular routes in order to increase passenger numbers, rather than across entire networks. With unsupervised "open boarding" through three doors and the requirement for pre-purchase of tickets, levels of fare-dodging on the new vehicles were found to be at least three times higher than on conventional buses where entry of passengers

3384-499: The city, making them look worse than the buses they were being compared with. Other commentators have described these types of buses as 'flaccid and unappealing', preferring the sturdiness of their rigid-body counterparts. The last disadvantage of an articulated bus is that it requires a specially trained driver in some cases. An articulated bus is a long vehicle and usually requires a specially trained driver, as maneuvering (particularly reversing) can be difficult. The trailer section of

3456-460: The company Arriva on a number of routes across the country. A number of serious engine fires resulted in their withdrawal from service, and they have also been responsible for causing an increase in traffic congestion and accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists. Until 1980, articulated buses were illegal on the UK's roads. A 1979 experiment by South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive with buses manufactured by MAN and Leyland-DAB led to

3528-517: The company also imported Chinese-made articulated buses. PPD dominated Jakarta city bus service until 2004, when Transjakarta was established; it operates one of the longest BRT systems in the world. Transjakarta has been using articulated buses manufactured by Scania for some of their busiest routes since 2015. Prior to Scania buses' introduction, there were Chinese-made Huanghai , Zhong Tong , Yutong , Ankai , and local-made INKA Inobus and AAI Komodo buses in service since 2010. In Israel ,

3600-546: The concept. Many of the articulated buses from London went on to serve with regional operators. Aside from limited use in regional cities, articulated buses may now be found at airports as park and ride shuttles. A Batch of 9 Mercedes Benz Citaros currently run on First Aberdeen routes 1 and 2, and 5 others run with First York on York Park and ride services 2 and 3 but are being phased out by more modern Wright Streetdecks and Optare Metrodeckets In 2020, twenty one brand new Mercedes Benz Citaros entered service at Stansted Airport;

3672-466: The engine is mounted under the floor between the front and middle axles, and only the middle axle is powered. Some consider this an outdated design, as it prohibits floor levels lower than approximately 750 millimetres (29.5 in), and can produce passenger discomfort due to high noise and vibration levels. On the other hand, they can be used in very narrow or severely potholed streets. This type of bus also performs better in snowy or icy conditions, as

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3744-469: The entire stretch within the project area was open by October 24, 2008 as part of its grand opening October 24–26, 2008. In January 2023, the GCRTA announced the acquisition of sixty Siemens S200 light rail vehicles to replace the system's entire existing rail fleet. Twenty-four such cars will replace the Tokyu heavy rail trains used on the Red Line , with an option to acquire 36 additional units to replace

3816-482: The evening. The 55B and 55C routes run Monday through Friday during the morning and evening rush hours only. B and C also travel to the Westlake Park-n-Ride. On September 21, 2017, RTA announced a partnership with MetroHealth to sponsor routes 51, 51A, 53 and 53A under the brand MetroHealth Line. On December 3, 2017, the rebranded MetroHealth Line began service with 20 new vehicles, fully branded with

3888-612: The first prototypes of the Ikarus 180  [ hu ] (named for its 180-passenger capacity) were shown in 1961. There is an ongoing exhibition in Budapest at the Hungarian Technical and Transportation Museum in 2010 with the title "The articulated bus is 50 years old." The Ikarus 180 went into limited production in 1963, and entered serial production in 1966; the Ikarus 180 was discontinued in 1973 when its successor,

3960-523: The inaugural run were presented with special souvenir tickets. XMC-77 was later exhibited to the public at various locations in the East Bay and the Transbay Terminal . It offered seats for 77 passengers (finished in brown and orange) and an observation lounge, complete with a card table to seat a quartet. The 60 ft (18.3 m) long coach stood 10 ft 10 in (3.30 m) high and

4032-516: The length increases from 18 to 23 m (59 to 75 ft). Examples include the Mercedes-Benz Citaro CapaCity , MAN Lion's City GXL (A43) , Mercedes-Benz O500 DA , BYD D11 , and Scania K IA . Since the late 1980s, the concept of the articulated bus has been extended further with the addition of a second trailer section that extends the bus almost to tram length and capacity, to create a bi-articulated bus , also called

4104-787: The majority of articulated buses utilise diesel engines for their motive power, a number of operators (primarily outside North America and by LACMTA ) have adopted compressed natural gas (CNG) power in order to reduce pollution. Many other transit authorities in the United States and Canada are adopting articulated buses that are diesel-electric hybrids , such as the New Flyer DE60LF. There are also articulated trolleybuses , which use catenary cables to power electric traction motors. Electric articulated trolleybuses principally operate in hilly locations like Mexico City , San Francisco , Seattle , and Vancouver, B.C. , where

4176-561: The morning rush, and with the westbound bus-only lane active during the evening rush. All outbound trips originate from the Stephanie Tubbs Jones Transit Center near Cleveland State and travel through downtown to Public Square before entering the west shoreway. Shortly after reaching the Lakewood border, the line divides into three sub-routes: The 55 base route runs 7 days a week from early A.M. though

4248-473: The rate of all other buses, and over twice as high for accidents involving cyclists. In a period when articulated buses made up approximately 5% of the London bus fleet, they were involved in 20% of all bus-related deaths, statistics which eventually led to their replacement . However, these safety statistics may be partly skewed due to the buses having been used on the busiest routes in the most crowded areas of

4320-454: The steep grades preclude the use of combustion engines for motive power. The New Flyer Xcelsior Charge NG battery-electric articulated buses are equipped with traction motors on both the middle and rear axles; the middle axle uses in-wheel motors. Super articulated bus are similar to the normal articulated buses, but they have a fourth tag axle next to the rear axle, increasing the rated load. Typical capacity ranges up to 200 passengers and

4392-444: The suburban bus systems operated by Maple Heights , North Olmsted , Brecksville , Garfield Heights and Euclid . The RTA had to undertake a number of renovations to the rail system, as the Shaker Heights lines (renamed the Blue and Green lines) had not been significantly renovated since their creation in 1920. They were largely rebuilt by 1981 and the downtown station at Cleveland Union Terminal, later renamed Tower City Center ,

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4464-399: The third quarter of 2024. • 66R Red Line (during Red Line train shutdowns) • 67R Blue/Green Line (during Blue and Green Line train shutdowns) In December 2014, RTA opened a second bus rapid transit to serve the western suburbs of Cleveland as well as a larger portion of downtown, including Cleveland State University . Cleveland State purchased naming rights to the route. The line carries

4536-506: The thrust from the driving wheels does not cause the vehicle to jackknife. Newer models such as the Van Hool AG300 feature low floors while maintaining the puller design by placing the engine block off-center opposite to the second door. Also, the unpowered rear axle is much simpler and carries no engine weight, facilitating the installation of counter-steering mechanisms to further decrease the turning radius. A typical puller model

4608-684: The two remaining autonomous transit agencies in Cuyahoga County, the North Olmsted Municipal Bus Line and Maple Heights Transit , and the redesigning of its routes in the suburban areas southeast, west, and south of Cuyahoga County. Other transit in the United States: RTA Rapid Transit [REDACTED] RTA Rapid Transit (generally known as The Rapid ) is a rapid transit and semi-metro system owned and operated by

4680-799: The use of articulated buses—commonly called accordion bus, אוטובוס אקורדיון —is widespread, particularly in Gush Dan and Jerusalem , the two great urban centers of the country, as well as in Haifa (for the Metronit BRT system) and other cities such as Beersheba . The long buses are considered reliable and useful, and have been in service in Israel since the mid-1970s. During the Israeli–Palestinian conflict , such buses were often targeted by Palestinians and suicide bombers during rush hours, since

4752-513: The use of double-deck vehicles, which have never achieved great popularity there. Overhead wires for trams, trolleybuses, etc. are not really relevant issues, as the minimum normal clearance above road level is standard across the EU and is well in excess of the height of a double-deck vehicle—otherwise, many freight vehicles would encounter severe problems in the course of normal operation. From 3 July 2011 to 28 August 2013, articulated Mercedes Citaro buses purchased from London were used in Malta by

4824-429: The vehicle's superstructure. Makers of pusher-type articulated buses include Mercedes-Benz , New Flyer Industries , MAN , Volvo and Scania . The Renault PR 180 and PR 180.2 (articulated versions of the PR 100 and PR 100.2) were a special variation of the pusher design in which both the middle and the rear axles were driven, with a driveshaft passing through the turntable between the two driving axles. Although

4896-427: Was abolished a year later, and the articulated buses run as regular buses along the same route. In Vietnam, articulated bus service was first introduced and operated on 16 October 2010, by Transerco in Hanoi. It was added to the route 07 from My Dinh Bus Station to Noi Bai Airport as a test run. The bus was part of the Hanoi Ecotrans project subsidized by the EU and Ile de France. It was a Mercedes Euro II Galaxy which

4968-1890: Was first manufactured in December 2003 by Mercedes-Benz Vietnam and was previously used for SEA Games in Hanoi. The bus was painted yellow instead of traditional white-yellow-red (from top to bottom) and had two ticket sellers onboard instead of one. The bus received positive reviews from passengers but the bus no longer operates in Hanoi; route 07 is now served by Daewoo BC095 buses. Articulated buses are commonplace in US urban centers such as Albuquerque , Austin , Baltimore , Boston , Chicago , Cleveland , Denver , Honolulu , Indianapolis , Los Angeles , West Palm Beach , Miami , Minneapolis-St.Paul , New York City , Newark , Orange County (California) , Orlando , Philadelphia , Phoenix , Pittsburgh , Portland (Oregon) , Rochester (New York) , San Diego , San Francisco , Seattle , Washington, D.C. , and Westchester County (New York) . In Eugene , Lane Transit District uses articulated buses on some high-traffic routes, as well as on their Emerald Express (EmX) Bus Rapid Transit Service. In Vancouver, Washington , C-Tran (Washington) uses articulated buses on their BRT service, The Vine (bus rapid transit) . In Canada , they are used in Brampton , Calgary , Durham Region , Edmonton , Gatineau , Halifax , Hamilton , London , Longueuil , Mississauga , Montreal , Niagara Region , Ottawa , Quebec City , Regina , Saskatoon , St. Albert , Toronto , York Region , Metro Vancouver and Winnipeg . Articulated buses in Mexico are usually used on BRT lines, such as Mexico City 's Metrobús , Guadalajara 's Macrobús , Monterrey 's Ecovía and León 's Optibús . In South America, they are used in Quito , São Paulo , Santiago , Curitiba , Barranquilla , Cali , Bucaramanga , Pereira , Cartagena , Medellín and Bogotá . The first articulated bus in Australia operated in Canberra in

5040-530: Was formed, Cuyahoga County voters approved a 1% county-wide sales tax , which constitutes about 70% of its operating revenue. This funding source has helped RTA maintain a higher level of service than other transit agencies in comparable cities and it also helps RTA retain some degree of political autonomy. However, it also makes RTA unusually susceptible to economic downturns. In recent years, RTA has undertaken great efforts to improve efficiency and eliminate unnecessary costs. These efforts have included mergers with

5112-544: Was heavily rebuilt by 1987. In 1994, a walkway and skyway was added from the Tower City station to the Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex and the Blue and Green lines were extended to the North Coast Harbor area by 1996. Seventy-five Cleveland Transit System PCC streetcars were sold in 1952 to Toronto to be used by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The last of the Cleveland PCC models operated for 30 years in Toronto, until 1982. Cleveland Transit also sold eight Marmon-Herrington TC44 trolleybuses in 1963 to

5184-516: Was powered by a Cummins engine with an output of 262 hp (195 kW). Engineering for the XMC-77 was carried out by the local firm of DeLeuw Cather & Co. In the United States, articulated buses were imported from Europe and deployed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. During this time, rising operating costs led to public takeovers of transit systems, and the pressure to reduce labor (driver) costs in turn meant transporting more passengers in

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