71-432: The Luton DART is an airport rail link in Luton , Bedfordshire , England, which connects Luton Airport Parkway station and Luton Airport using a Cable Liner automated people mover system. DART is an acronym for Direct Air–Rail Transit . The line, which opened in March 2023, replaces the shuttle bus service, with the aim of reducing road congestion and reducing journey times from London St Pancras to
142-403: A derailment is a type of train wreck that occurs when a rail vehicle such as a train comes off its rails. Although many derailments are minor, all result in temporary disruption of the proper operation of the railway system and they are a potentially serious hazard. A derailment of a train can be caused by a collision with another object, an operational error (such as excessive speed through
213-462: A "run-in") may result in a vehicle in tare condition (an empty freight vehicle) being lifted momentarily, and leaving the track. This effect was relatively common in the nineteenth century. On curved sections, the longitudinal (traction or braking) forces between vehicles have a component inward or outward respectively on the curve. In extreme situations these lateral forces may be enough to produce derailment. A special case of train handling problems
284-441: A 1.1 km (0.68-mile) cutting and concrete trough before entering a 350-metre cut-and-cover tunnel under the airport apron . The eastern airport terminus is located at a new subterranean station underneath the drop-off area in front of the terminal building. Access to a surface level concourse and barrier line is provided by escalators and lifts; the airport terminal is a 150 metres (490 ft) covered but outdoor walk from
355-438: A common axle: the wheels on both sides rotate in unison. Tramcars requiring low floor levels are the exception, but much benefit in vehicle guidance is lost by having unlinked wheels. The benefit of linked wheels derives from the conicity of the wheel treads —the wheel treads are not cylindrical , but conical . On idealised straight track, a wheelset would run centrally, midway between the rails. The example shown here uses
426-410: A considerable force to make it happen, and the friction force resisting the sliding is designated "L", the lateral force. The wheelset applies a force L outwards to the rails, and the rails apply a force L inwards to the wheels. Note that this is quite independent of "centrifugal force". However at higher speeds the centrifugal force is added to the friction force to make L. The load (vertical force) on
497-528: A curve), the mechanical failure of tracks (such as broken rails), or the mechanical failure of the wheels, among other causes. In emergency situations, deliberate derailment with derails or catch points is sometimes used to prevent a more serious accident. The first recorded train derailment in history is known as the Hightstown rail accident in New Jersey that occurred on 8 November 1833. The train
568-452: A day, with trains running every four minutes throughout the day and every eight to 15 minutes at other times. The journey time is under four minutes. The 2.1 km (1.3 mi) DART line begins at Luton DART Parkway, a purpose-built station adjoining Luton Airport Parkway railway station, which provides an interchange with East Midlands Railway and Thameslink passenger rail services. The DART platforms are located on
639-409: A direct connection must use a people mover to access their terminal. People movers typically also serve parking lots, airport hotels and off-site car rental facilities. People movers are seen to have a higher perceived quality compared to a shuttle bus. Another hybrid solution is a direct link to an airport railway station connected to a shuttle bus. The passenger transfers from the railway station to
710-412: A journey time of 24 minutes. To the north of the airport, they also serve Luton , Bedford , Wellingborough and Kettering . Thameslink also provides service to Luton Airport Parkway, with six trains an hour calling at the station in both directions during the day. To the north trains run to Luton and Bedford, and to the south they serve London St Pancras and continue to various destinations to
781-431: A large component is from the crabbing of a wheelset which has a non-zero angle of attack during running with flange contact. The L/V excess can result from wheel unloading, or from improper rail or wheel tread profiles. The physics of this is more fully described below, in the section wheel-rail interaction . Wheel unloading can be caused by twist in the track. This can arise if the cant (crosslevel, or superelevation) of
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#1732776038350852-530: A large gap between the remaining rail sections arises. 170 broken (not cracked) rails were reported on Network Rail in the UK in 2008, down from a peak of 988 in 1998/1999. Derailment may take place due to excessive gauge widening (sometimes known as road spread ), in which the sleepers or other fastenings fail to maintain the proper gauge. In lightly engineered track where rails are spiked (dogged) to timber sleepers, spike hold failure may result in rotation outwards of
923-404: A less sharply curved path than the actual curve of the track. The angle between the natural path and the actual path is called the angle of attack (or the yaw angle). As the wheelset rolls forward, it is forced to slide across the railhead by the flange contact. The whole wheelset is forced to do this, so the wheel on the low rail is also forced to slide across its rail. This sliding requires
994-779: A maximum running speed of 50.4 km/h (31.3 mph). A four-minute interval service requires the use of both trains, whilst an eight-minute interval can be maintained with a single train in service. The single fare for the DART is £4.90, and through tickets to Luton Airport are available, from all stations on the National Rail . Luton residents can register for half-price travel, and holders of concessionary travel passes , disabled blue badge holders and airport workers can register for free travel. Registration for both half-price and free travel must be done online, at least 72 hours before travel, and tickets obtained online once registration
1065-469: A new upper level above the current station, and are connected to the main-line rail platforms via a new footbridge and concourse, complete with lifts and escalators. The concourse includes separate barrier lines for main line rail and DART, with an unpaid area in between. DART vehicles head southeastwards along a 350-metre (380-yard) viaduct . After crossing the A1081 road, the vehicles curve eastwards along
1136-486: A number of distinct causes; these may be classified as: Broken rails are a leading cause of derailments. According to data from the Federal Railroad Administration, broken rails and welds are the most common reason for train derailments, making up more than 15 percent of derailment cases. A traditional track structure consists of two rails, fixed at a designated distance apart (known as
1207-555: A popular solution in Europe and Japan for decades, only recently have links been constructed in North America, South America, Africa, Oceania, and the rest of Asia. Some early examples of inter-city railway stations built to serve an airport include: The first rapid transit station to connect with an airport was Berlin's U-Bahn U6 Paradestraße station which opened in 1927 as Flughafen ( lit. ' airport ' ) and
1278-457: A rail, usually under the aggravating action of crabbing of bogies (trucks) on curves. The mechanism of gauge widening is usually gradual and relatively slow, but if it is undetected, the final failure often takes place under the effect of some additional factor, such as excess speed, poorly maintained running gear on a vehicle, misalignment of rails, and extreme traction effects (such as high propelling forces). The crabbing effect referred to above
1349-422: A right-curving section of track. The focus is on the left-side wheel, which is more involved with the forces critical to guiding the railcar through the curve. Diagram 1 below shows the wheel and rail with the wheelset running straight and central on the track. The wheelset is running away from the observer. (Note that the rail is shown inclined inwards; this is done on modern track to match the rail head profile to
1420-477: A short shuttle bus transfer from the station to the airport terminal, whilst Cleveland's link is considered the first direct service in the Western Hemisphere. Tokyo Monorail , which opened in 1964 as Japan's first airport rail link, had its original southern terminus underneath the old domestic terminal of Haneda Airport . When Haneda Airport was expanded onto landfill reclaimed from Tokyo Bay in
1491-576: A single vehicle may obstruct the clear line. If a train collides with a massive object, it is clear that derailment of the proper running of vehicle wheels on the track may take place. Although very large obstructions are imagined, it has been known for a cow straying on to the line to derail a passenger train at speed such as occurred in the Polmont rail accident . The most common obstructions encountered are road vehicles at level crossings (grade crossings); malicious persons sometimes place materials on
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#17327760383501562-399: A train are connected by couplings; in the early days of railways these were short lengths of chain ("loose couplings") that connected adjacent vehicles with considerable slack. Even with later improvements there may be a considerable slack between the traction situation (power unit pulling the couplings tight), and power unit braking (locomotive applying brakes and compressing buffers throughout
1633-424: Is overspeed on sharp curves . This generally arises when a driver fails to slow the train for a sharp curved section in a route that otherwise has higher speed conditions. In the extreme this results in the train entering a curve at a speed at which it cannot negotiate the curve, and gross derailment takes place. The specific mechanism of this may involve bodily tipping (rotation) but is likely to involve disruption of
1704-657: Is 32 minutes. The Luton DART link was approved by Luton Borough Council in June 2017. Construction work commenced in April 2018, contracted to a VolkerFitzpatrick / Kier Group joint venture. The project involved construction of bridges over the A1081 road and tunnels, along with two stations in phase 1. The first station was built at Bartlett Square in Napier Park on the east side of Luton Airport Parkway station, and
1775-603: Is a service providing passenger rail transport between an airport and a nearby city. Direct links operate straight from the airport terminal to the city, while other links require an intermediate use of a people mover or shuttle bus . Advantages for the passenger include faster travel times and easy connections with other public transport. Advantages for the airport include increased patronage and enhanced accessibility for staff. Additionally, authorities have benefitted from less highway congestion, less pollution, and more business opportunities. Although airport rail links have been
1846-499: Is authorised; passes are not accepted at the barriers. The £4.90 DART fare has been criticised as too expensive for the short journey; at £3.95 per mile, it is claimed by The Guardian to be the most expensive train in Britain by distance. East Midlands Railway states that through tickets to destinations across the UK will be available. A "walk up" fare from the airport to London St Pancras will cost £22.40 one way, which it says
1917-744: Is managed by stressing continuously welded rails (they are tensioned mechanically to be stress neutral at a moderate temperature) and by providing proper expansion gaps at joints and ensuring that fishplates are properly lubricated. In addition, lateral restraint is provided by an adequate ballast shoulder. If any of these measures are inadequate, the track may buckle; a large lateral distortion takes place, which trains are unable to negotiate. (In nine years 2000/1 to 2008/9 there were 429 track buckle incidents in Great Britain). Junctions and other changes of routing on railways are generally made by means of points (switches – movable sections capable of changing
1988-426: Is more marked in dry conditions, when the coefficient of friction at the wheel to rail interface is high. The running gear – wheelsets , bogies (trucks), and suspension—may fail. The most common historical failure mode is collapse of plain bearings due to deficient lubrication, and failure of leaf springs; wheel tyres are also prone to failure due to metallurgical crack propagation. Modern technologies have reduced
2059-506: Is often used where the airport is outside the urban area and some way from the mass transit system but a direct downtown service is required. There are various ways this can be achieved: it may operate on a combination of existing or newly built mainline rail track using a dedicated fleet of rolling stock designed for airport service. Similarly to high-speed and inter-city services, these services often have premium fares, lower frequencies and luxury features. For airports built within or close to
2130-460: Is quite steep, and flange climbing is unlikely. However, if the rail head is side-worn (side-cut) or the flange is worn, as shown in Diagram 6 the contact angle is much flatter and flange climbing is more likely. Once the wheel flange has completely climbed onto the rail head, there is no lateral restraint, and the wheelset is likely to follow the yaw angle, resulting in the wheel dropping outside
2201-474: Is similar in price to other airport rail links in the UK (such as Heathrow Express ), though at least 25 per cent of Advance tickets will be sold at £10 one way or less. East Midlands Railway services between London St Pancras and Corby , previously branded as "EMR Connect", were rebranded to "Luton Airport Express" following the opening of the DART. They run every 30 minutes and operate non-stop between Luton Airport Parkway and London St Pancras with
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2272-601: Is to provide high-capacity service. A hybrid solution adopted in some cities is a direct link to an airport railway station connected to a people mover . The passenger transfers from the railway station to the people mover which then completes the journey to the airport terminal. While this option is commonly chosen to reduce construction costs, it is only feasible when a rail line is near the airport. Some airports, such as San Francisco International Airport , are directly served by an airport rail link to some terminals but not others. In such cases, passengers using terminals that lack
2343-532: Is undertaken, it is possible for poor workmanship to produce a ramp in the profile in the facing direction, that deflects an approaching wheel flange on to the rail head. In extreme situations, the infrastructure may be grossly distorted or even absent; this may arise from a variety of causes, including earthwork movement (embankment slips and washouts), earthquakes and other major terrestrial disruptions, or deficient protection during work processes, among others. Nearly all practical railway systems use wheels fixed to
2414-759: The Narita Express between Narita International Airport and Tokyo , the Union Pearson Express between Toronto Pearson International Airport and Toronto , and the Leonardo Express between Leonardo da Vinci–Rome Fiumicino Airport and Rome . Examples include the East–West Line between Changi Airport station and Singapore, the Silver Line between Washington Dulles International Airport station and Washington, D.C., and
2485-727: The Orange Line between DFW Airport Terminal A station and Dallas. Examples include Soekarno–Hatta International Airport via Soekarno–Hatta Airport Skytrain to/from SHIA station, London Luton Airport via Luton DART to/from Luton Airport Parkway station, and Paris Orly Airport via Orlyval to/from Antony station. Examples include Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport via shuttle bus to/from Zhengding Airport station, Salvador Bahia Airport via shuttle bus to/from Aeroporto station, and Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport via shuttle bus to/from Milwaukee Airport station. Derailment In rail transport ,
2556-420: The track gauge ), and supported on transverse sleepers (ties). Some advanced track structures support the rails on a concrete or asphalt slab. The running surface of the rails is required to be practically continuous and of the proper geometrical layout. In the event of a broken or cracked rail , the rail running surface may be disrupted if a piece has fallen out, or become lodged in an incorrect location, or if
2627-660: The 1980s–2010s, the monorail was extended to the new terminals as well, with the original southern terminus later renamed as Tenkūbashi Station . A high-speed or inter-city service provides direct travel between an airport and its surrounding cities. This solution usually requires the building of new track, whether it is a newly built main line or a branch (spur) line . These services often have premium fares, lower frequencies (e.g. every 30 minutes) and luxury features (e.g. luggage racks, power outlets, Wi-Fi, bathrooms). Integration with high-speed and inter-city services has produced alliances where airlines sell tickets that include
2698-564: The airport terminal to 32 minutes. From the 1950s and 1960s, Luton Airport experienced an increase in business as a result of the growing package holiday market. Although the Midland Main Line passed within 1 mile (1.6 km) of the airport, there was no dedicated railway station and public transport connections to Luton Airport were limited. A shuttle bus service operated from Luton railway station , to convey rail passengers 2 miles (3.2 km) from Luton town centre to
2769-558: The airport terminal. Luton Airport Parkway railway station opened in 1999, providing rail connections to central and south London, Gatwick Airport and Brighton on the Thameslink route, as well as services to the East Midlands . Although the new station was closer to the airport – 1 mile (1.6 km) to the west – it was still necessary to run a shuttle bus transfer service. The shuttle bus
2840-551: The city limits, extending rapid transit or light rail to the airport allows seamless transport to suburbs and full integration with other lines. These services usually have a higher frequency (e.g. every 5 minutes) but longer travel times due to the service making many intermediate stops between the airport and the city centre. Additionally, there may not be enough space for baggage commonly carried by airport-bound passengers. Luggage stowing facilities are not commonly found on rapid transit or light rail vehicles as their primary objective
2911-427: The connecting rail service. Parts of Europe have seen integration of high-speed rail stations into airports, with domestic and international TGV services from Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport and ICE services from Frankfurt Airport . Because of this, some stations have received IATA codes . A regional or commuter "airport express" service provides direct travel between an airport and its city centre. This solution
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2982-549: The event in his journal. During the 19th century derailments were commonplace, but progressively improved safety measures have resulted in a stable lower level of such incidents. A sampling of annual approximate numbers of derailments in the United States includes 3000 in 1980, 1000 in 1986, 500 in 2010, and 1000 in 2022. Derailments in the United States Derailments result from one or more of
3053-461: The exit from the sidings. In some cases these are provided at the convergence of running lines. It occasionally happens that a driver incorrectly believes they have authority to proceed over the trap points, or that the signaller improperly gives such permission; this results in derailment. The resulting derailment does not always fully protect the other line: a trap point derailment at speed may well result in considerable damage and obstruction, and even
3124-510: The final station at the airport. In 2018, it was announced that the system would be a Cable Liner , manufactured by the Austrian transit manufacturer, Doppelmayr Cable Car (DCC), who also have a contract to operate the system for the first five years. The vehicles were built by the Austrian cabin manufacturer Carvatech. In December 2019, a ready-constructed, 80-metre (260 ft)-long, 1,000-tonne (980-long-ton; 1,100-short-ton) curved bridge
3195-402: The flange tends to climb up the flange angle. It is held down by the vertical load on the wheel V, so that if L/V exceeds the trigonometrical tangent of the flange contact angle, climbing will take place. The wheel flange will climb to the rail head where there is no lateral resistance in rolling movement, and a flange climbing derailment usually takes place. In Diagram 5 the flange contact angle
3266-401: The incidence of these failures considerably, both by design (specially the elimination of plain bearings) and intervention (non-destructive testing in service). If a vertical, lateral, or crosslevel irregularity is cyclic and takes place at a wavelength corresponding to the natural frequency of certain vehicles traversing the route section, there is a risk of resonant harmonic oscillation in
3337-455: The left wheel is a little faster than the forward speed of the right wheel. This causes the wheelset to curve to the right, correcting the displacement. This takes place without flange contact; the wheelsets steer themselves on moderate curves without any flange contact. The sharper the curve, the greater the lateral displacement necessary to achieve the curving. On a very sharp curve (typically less than about 500 m or 1,500 feet radius)
3408-465: The new transit system. Passenger trials began in February 2023, with a second batch of trials announced for March. The service opened to all passengers for four hours per day on 10 March. It subsequently opened for 24 hours per day on 27 March 2023. Luton DART is operated by a subsidiary company wholly owned by London Luton Airport Limited (LLAL, trading as Luton Rising). It operates 24 hours
3479-480: The onward route of vehicles). In the early days of railways these were moved independently by local staff. Accidents – usually collisions – took place when staff forgot which route the points were set for, or overlooked the approach of a train on a conflicting route. If the points were not correctly set for either route – set in mid-stroke – it is possible for a train passing to derail. The first concentration of levers for signals and points brought together for operation
3550-416: The outer wheel is designated V, so that in Diagram 4 the two forces L and V are shown. The steel-to-steel contact has a coefficient of friction that may be as high as 0.5 in dry conditions, so that the lateral force may be up to 0.5 of the vertical wheel load. During this flange contact, the wheel on the high rail is experiencing the lateral force L, towards the outside of the curve. As the wheel rotates,
3621-438: The rails, and in some cases relatively small objects cause a derailment by guiding one wheel over the rail (rather than by gross collision). Derailment has also been brought about in situations of war or other conflict, such as during hostility by Native Americans, and more especially during periods when military personnel and materiel was being moved by rail. The handling of a train can also cause derailments. The vehicles of
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#17327760383503692-489: The railway station. Testing of the transit vehicles began in 2021. In August of that year, reports emerged of problems experienced with the traction or the pulley system during testing, and that a DART vehicle had become derailed . This was denied by LLAL. The system was originally scheduled to open in 2021. Following delays resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, the opening date was revised to late 2022. The planned opening
3763-432: The short distance to the airport terminal. In April 2016, London Luton Airport Ltd (LLAL) announced a scheme to create a light rail / automated guided people mover connection between the airport and Luton Airport Parkway station. It was envisaged that the introduction of a light-rail link would reduce the journey time between London St Pancras and the airport terminal to less than 30 minutes. At launch, that figure
3834-562: The shuttle bus which then completes the journey to the airport terminal. A shuttle bus requires no specialised infrastructure, and is often the preferred choice at smaller or low-cost airports. Shuttle buses may involve a wait for a transfer to the next stage of the journey and often suffer from lower perceived quality and market share compared to direct connections. Examples include Schipol Airport station to other Dutch cities, Zürich Flughafen station to other Swiss cities, and Daxing Airport station to other Chinese cities. Examples include
3905-444: The signal (to apply or release brakes) propagates along the train. If a train driver applies the train brakes suddenly and severely, the front part of the train is subject to braking forces first. (Where only the locomotive has braking, this effect is obviously more extreme). The rear part of the train may overrun the front part, and in cases where coupling condition is imperfect, the resultant sudden closing up (an effect referred to as
3976-409: The south of London, including Brighton , Gatwick Airport and Rainham . The journey time to St Pancras varies between 40 and 50 minutes depending on the stopping pattern. As part of the proposals for the expansion of Luton Airport, it is envisaged that the DART line would be extended eastwards to terminate at a new station serving Terminal 2. Airport rail link An airport rail link
4047-485: The station concourse. Luton DART is operated using Cable Liner automated people mover technology manufactured by Doppelmayr Cable Car . The line uses the Cable Liner's Double Shuttle configuration, with two unconnected tracks, each with its own independent cable haulage system. There are two four-section articulated trains, with one on each track. Each train has a capacity of 170 passengers, and operates at
4118-444: The steering effect of the conicity of the wheel treads on moderate curves (down to a radius of about 500 m, or about 1,500 feet). On sharper curves flange contact takes place, and the guiding effect of the flange relies on a vertical force (the vehicle weight). A flange climbing derailment can result if the relationship between these forces, L/V, is excessive. The lateral force L results not only from centrifugal effects, but
4189-399: The suspension springing has a stiffness optimised for the loaded condition, or for a compromise loading condition, so that it is too stiff in the tare situation. The vehicle wheelsets become momentarily unloaded vertically so that the guidance required from the flanges or wheel tread contact is inadequate. A special case is heat related buckling : in hot weather the rail steel expands. This
4260-544: The track structure and derailment as the primary failure event, followed by overturning. Fatal instances include the Santiago de Compostela derailment in 2013 and the Philadelphia train derailment two years later of trains traveling about 100 miles per hour (160 km/h). Both went at about twice the maximum allowable speed for the curved section of track. The guidance system of practical railway vehicles relies on
4331-514: The track varies considerably over the wheelbase of a vehicle, and the vehicle suspension is very stiff in torsion. In the quasi-static situation it may arise in extreme cases of poor load distribution, or on extreme cant at low speed. If a rail has been subject to extreme sidewear, or a wheel flange has been worn to an improper angle, it is possible for the L/V ratio to exceed the value that the flange angle can resist. If weld repair of side-worn switches
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#17327760383504402-399: The train). This results in coupling surge . More sophisticated technologies in use nowadays generally employ couplings that have no loose slack, although there is elastic movement at the couplings; continuous braking is provided, so that every vehicle on the train has brakes controlled by the driver. Generally this uses compressed air as a control medium, and there is a measurable time lag as
4473-419: The vehicles, leading to extreme improper movement and possibly derailment. This is most hazardous when a cyclic roll is set up by crosslevel variations, but vertical cyclical errors also can result in vehicles lifting off the track; this is especially the case when the vehicles are in the tare (empty) condition, and if the suspension is not designed to have appropriate characteristics. The last condition applies if
4544-414: The wheel tread profile.) Diagram 2 shows the wheelset displaced to the left, due to curvature of the track or a geometrical irregularity. The left wheel (shown here) is now running on a slightly larger diameter; the right wheel opposite has moved to the left as well, towards the centre of the track, and is running on a slightly smaller diameter. As the two wheels rotate at the same rate, the forward speed of
4615-429: The width of the wheel tread is not enough to achieve the necessary steering effect, and the wheel flange contacts the face of the high rail. Diagram 3 shows the running of wheelsets in a bogie or a four-wheeled vehicle. The wheelset is not running parallel to the track: it is constrained by the bogie frame and suspension, and it is yawing to the outside of the curve; that is, its natural rolling direction would lead along
4686-434: Was at Bricklayer's Arms Junction in south-east London in the period 1843–1844. The signal control location (forerunner of the signalbox) was enhanced by the provision of interlocking (preventing a clear signal being set for a route that was not available) in 1856. To prevent the unintended movement of freight vehicles from sidings to running lines, and other analogous improper movements, trap points and derails are provided at
4757-656: Was built to provide direct access to Berlin Tempelhof Airport . However, the connection was removed in 1937 and the preceding Platz der Luftbrücke station was instead granted the connection and remained so until Berlin Tempelhof Airport's closure in 2008. Other early examples of rapid transit stations connecting with airports include Boston's MBTA Blue Line Airport station which opened in 1952 (rebuilt in 2004), and Cleveland's RTA Rapid Transit Red Line Cleveland Hopkins International Airport station which opened in 1968 (rebuilt in 1994). Boston's link requires
4828-550: Was considered to be unsatisfactory, and proposals were developed to replace the bus service with a new rail link. Several schemes were considered, including a 2007 proposal to replace the shuttle buses with segregated tracked transit conveyors, and in 2015, a heavy rail spur link to the airport was also being considered. The steep incline from the airport – approximately 40 metres (130 ft) downhill to Luton Airport Parkway station – presented engineering challenges to building any heavy rail link over
4899-491: Was later delayed due to further technical testing and development of the ticketing system. A member of Luton Borough Council's overview and scrutiny board called for an independent investigation into Luton DART's two-year delay and £90 million budget increase. On 6 December 2022, King Charles III visited the Luton DART during a royal visit to the town. He unveiled a plaque commemorating his visit before travelling on
4970-516: Was moved into place over the A1081 road on large jacks . Construction work on the line was halted briefly in April 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic over concerns related to Coronavirus Health Protection Regulations , but resumed after a safety assessment. The cable propulsion system was completed in February 2020 and work then began to install the people mover vehicles on the guide rails. A new light rail terminus building has been constructed next to
5041-414: Was traveling between Hightstown and Spotswood, New Jersey, and derailed after an axle broke on one of the carriages as a result of a journal box catching fire. The derailment resulted in one casualty and twenty-three injuries, and it was recorded that both New York railroad magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt and former U.S president John Quincy Adams were on the train as it took place, in which Adams wrote about
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