60-516: Clipsham is a small village in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England . It is in the northeast of Rutland, close to the county boundary with Lincolnshire . The population of the civil parish was 120 at the 2001 census increasing to 166 at the 2011 census. The village's name possibly means 'homestead/village of Cylp' or 'hemmed-in land of Cylp'. The village is well known for its limestone quarries. Clipsham stone, part of
120-682: A band of Suebic peoples. This is unexpected. Owing to the uncertainty of this passage, much speculation exists regarding the original home of the Anglii. However, as pointed out by Gudmund Schütte , the neighbouring Langobards appear in two places, and the ones near the Rhine appears to be there by mistake. Schütte, in his analysis, believes that the Angles are placed correctly relative to the Langobardi to their west, but that these have been positioned in
180-725: A lengthy campaign, and despite counties no longer being required for postal purposes, the Royal Mail agreed to re-create a postal county of Rutland in 2007. This was achieved in January 2008 by amending the former postal county for all of the Oakham ( LE15 ) post town and a small part of the Market Harborough (LE16) post town. The particular geology of the area has given its name to the Rutland Formation , which
240-718: A marriage agreement with the Warini who he lived north of the Franks at that time. Bede (died 735) stated that the Anglii, before coming to Great Britain, dwelt in a land called Angulus, "which lies between the province of the Jutes and the Saxons, and remains unpopulated to this day." Similar evidence is given by the 9th-century Historia Brittonum . King Alfred the Great and the chronicler Æthelweard identified this place with Angeln, in
300-493: A population of 41,049, the second-smallest ceremonial county population after the City of London . The county is rural, and the only towns are Oakham (12,149) and Uppingham (4,745), both in the west of the county; the largest settlement in the east is the village of Ketton (1,926). For local government Rutland is a unitary authority area. The county is the smallest of the historic counties of England . The geography of Rutland
360-603: A speed of 125.55 mph (202.05 km/h). Rutland was the last county in England without a direct rail service to London (apart from the Isle of Wight and several administrative counties which are unitary authorities). East Midlands Trains started running a single service from Oakham railway station to London St Pancras via Corby on 27 April 2009. Through the Rutland Electric Car Project, Rutland
420-535: A week for 30 minutes. In 2012, the well-being report by the Office for National Statistics found Rutland to be the "happiest county" in the mainland UK. A small part of the East Coast Main Line passes through Rutland's north-east corner, near Essendine . It was on this stretch that a train pulled by the locomotive Mallard set the world speed record for steam locomotives on 3 July 1938, with
480-541: Is a limestone quarry near Ketton. Rutland is referred to as Roteland in the Domesday Book (completed in 1087). The name means "land belonging to Rōta", with Rōta being an Old English personal name, that meant 'the pleasant or cheerful one'. Earl of Rutland and Duke of Rutland are titles in the peerage of England held in the Manners family, derived from the historic county of Rutland. The Earl of Rutland
540-495: Is afforded by English and Danish traditions relating to two kings named Wermund and Offa of Angel , from whom the Mercian royal family claimed descent and whose exploits are connected with Angeln, Schleswig, and Rendsburg . Danish tradition has preserved record of two governors of Schleswig, father and son, in their service, Frowinus ( Freawine ) and Wigo (Wig), from whom the royal family of Wessex claimed descent. During
600-631: Is characterised by low, rolling hills, the highest of which is a 197 m (646 ft) point in Cold Overton Park . Rutland Water was created in the centre of the county in the 1970s; the reservoir is a nature reserve that serves as an overwintering site for wildfowl and a breeding site for ospreys . The older buildings in the county are built from local limestone or ironstone , with many having roofs of Collyweston stone slate or thatch . Rutland has little evidence of Prehistoric settlement. A Roman mosaic and probable farming complex
660-615: Is generally treated as part of Leicestershire . Rutland County Council is a unitary authority and is responsible for almost all local services in Rutland, with the exception of the Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service and Leicestershire Police, which are run by joint boards with Leicestershire County Council and Leicester City Council. Following the 2023 council elections , the Liberal Democrats emerged as
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#1732790267452720-816: Is in chapter 40 of Tacitus's Germania written around AD 98. Tacitus describes the "Anglii" as one of the more remote Suebic tribes compared to the Semnones and Langobardi, who lived near the Elbe and were better known to the Romans. He grouped the Angles with several other tribes in that region, the Reudigni , Aviones , Varini , Eudoses , Suarines , and Nuithones . According to Tacitus, they were all living behind ramparts of rivers and woods, and therefore inaccessible to attack. He gives no precise indication of their geographical situation but states that, together with
780-467: Is in the Vale of Catmose . Rutland Water, when construction started in 1971, became Europe's largest man-made lake; construction was completed in 1975, and filling the lake took a further four years. This has been voted Rutland's favourite tourist attraction. The highest point of the county is at Cold Overton Park (historically part of Flitteriss Park ) at 197 m (646 ft) above sea level close to
840-599: Is now southeast Scotland , including Edinburgh , and as far south as the Humber estuary and even the river Witham. The rest of that people stayed at the centre of the Angle homeland in the northeastern portion of the modern German Bundesland of Schleswig-Holstein, on the Jutland Peninsula. There, a small peninsular area is still called Angeln today and is formed as a triangle drawn roughly from modern Flensburg on
900-638: Is now the Melton borough , as Rutland did not meet the requirement of having a population of at least 40,000. The revised and implemented proposals allowed Rutland to be exempt from this. In 1994, the Local Government Commission for England , which was conducting a structural review of English local government, recommended that Rutland become a unitary authority . This was implemented on 1 April 1997, when Rutland County Council became responsible for almost all local services in Rutland, with
960-753: The Germanic presence in the British Isles in the 7th century, but was eclipsed by the rise of Mercia in the 8th century. Both kingdoms fell in the great assaults of the Danish Viking armies in the 9th century. Their royal houses were effectively destroyed in the fighting, and their Angle populations came under the Danelaw . Further south, the Saxon kings of Wessex withstood the Danish assaults. Then in
1020-502: The Ketton Rural District . Oakham Urban District was created from Oakham Rural District in 1911. It was subsequently abolished in 1974. Rutland was included in the "East Midlands General Review Area" of the 1958–67 Local Government Commission for England . Draft recommendations would have seen Rutland split, with Ketton Rural District going along with Stamford to a new administrative county of Cambridgeshire , and
1080-609: The Lex Anglorum et Werinorum hoc est Thuringorum is believed by many to have come. The ethnic names of Frisians and Warines are also attested in these Saxon districts. An especially early reference to the Angli in Britain is the 6th-century Byzantine historian Procopius who however expressed doubts about the stories he had heard about events in the west, which he apparently heard through Frankish diplomats. He never mentions
1140-771: The Oakham Rural District and Uppingham Rural District , with the two parishes from Oakham RSD in Leicestershire becoming part of the Melton Mowbray Rural District , the nine parishes of Uppingham RSD in Leicestershire becoming the Hallaton Rural District , and the six parishes of Uppingham RSD in Northamptonshire becoming Gretton Rural District . Meanwhile, that part of Stamford RSD in Rutland became
1200-562: The Rutland and Melton constituency along with Melton borough and part of Harborough district from Leicestershire. Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies , Rutland and Stamford was re-established for the 2024 general election . As of the 2024 general election, Alicia Kearns of the Conservative Party is the member of parliament for Rutland and Stamford, having received 43.7% of
1260-732: The Upper Lincolnshire Limestone Formation, can be found in many of Britain's most famous buildings including King's College Chapel ( Cambridge ), the Examination Schools in Oxford , York Minster , and in repairs to the Houses of Parliament . The earliest recorded use of Clipsham stone was for Windsor Castle between 1363 and 1368. The London Stone is made of it, however, and dates back at least to about 1100. The topiary Yew Tree Avenue, once
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#17327902674521320-476: The 2021 Census was: In 2006 it was reported that Rutland has the highest fertility rate of any English county – the average woman having 2.81 children, compared with only 1.67 in Tyne and Wear . In December 2006, Sport England published a survey which revealed that residents of Rutland were the 6th most active in England in sports and other fitness activities. 27.4% of the population participate at least 3 times
1380-436: The 2021 Census, the demographics for the county were recorded as follow: Rutland had a recorded population of 41,049 at the 2021 census, an increase from the previous population recorded of 37,369 at the 2011 census and 34,563 at the 2001 census. In the 2021 Census, there was an estimated 21,072 men and 19,977 women living in Rutland. The county had an ethnicity makeup at the 2021 Census of: The county's religious makeup at
1440-521: The Angeln peninsula, which is on the Baltic Sea coast of Schleswig-Holstein . Two related theories have been advanced, which attempt to give the name a Germanic etymology: According to Gesta Danorum , Dan and Angul were made rulers by the consent of their people because of their bravery. The Danes and Angles are respectively named from them. The earliest surviving mention of the Angles
1500-505: The Angles split up and founded the kingdoms of Northumbria , East Anglia , and Mercia . H. R. Loyn has observed in this context that "a sea voyage is perilous to tribal institutions", and the apparently tribe-based kingdoms were formed in England. Early times had two northern kingdoms (Bernicia and Deira) and two midland ones (Middle Anglia and Mercia), which had by the seventh century resolved themselves into two Angle kingdoms, viz., Northumbria and Mercia. Northumbria held suzerainty amidst
1560-541: The Langham brewery it was unable to take advantage of the registration. However, in 2010 a Rutland Bitter was launched by Oakham's Grainstore Brewery . It is 348th out of 354 on the Indices of Deprivation for England, showing it to be one of the least economically deprived areas in the country. In March 2007, Rutland became only the fourth Fairtrade county. This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of
1620-749: The Rutland Formation is a formation called the Lincolnshire limestone . The best exposure of this limestone (and also the Rutland Formation) is at the Ketton Cement Works quarry just outside Ketton . Rutland is dominated by Rutland Water , a large artificial lake formerly known as "Empingham Reservoir", in the middle of the county, which is almost bisected by the Hambleton Peninsula . The west part
1680-492: The Saxons, but he states that an island called Brittia (which he believed to be distinct from Britain itself), was settled by three nations: the Angili, Frissones, and Brittones, each ruled by its own king. Each nation was so prolific that it sent large numbers of individuals every year to the Franks, who "allow them to settle in the part of their land which appears to be more deserted, and by this means they say they are winning over
1740-489: The angels in heaven). Supposedly, this encounter inspired the pope to launch a mission to bring Christianity to their countrymen. The province of Schleswig has proved rich in prehistoric antiquities that date apparently from the fourth and fifth centuries. A large cremation cemetery has been found at Borgstedt , between Rendsburg and Eckernförde , and it has yielded many urns and brooches closely resembling those found in pagan graves in England. Of still greater importance are
1800-520: The author lives. Adam Croft is writing the Rutland crime series, beginning with What Lies Beneath (2020). Rutland was the last county in England without a McDonald's restaurant. However, in January 2020 a planning application for a McDonald's restaurant on the outskirts of Oakham was approved by the County Council and the restaurant opened on 4 November 2020. Rutland's traditions include: Harington School provides post-16 education in
1860-548: The carriage drive to Clipsham Hall, has been maintained by the Forestry Commission . The avenue stretches for 500 metres (1,600 ft), with some 150 shaped yew trees leading towards the Hall, a Grade II* listed mansion set in a landscaped park. Many of the trees are over 200 years old and have been trimmed since the late 19th-century into various shapes depicting birds and animals on the tops and designs in relief on
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1920-410: The children's TV series Blue Peter . Agriculture thrives with much wheat farming on the rich soil. Tourism continues to grow. The Ruddles Brewery was Langham's biggest industry until it was closed in 1997. Rutland bitter is one of only three UK beers to have achieved Protected Geographical Indication status; this followed an application by Ruddles. When Greene King, the owners of Ruddles, closed
1980-662: The county. Rutland County College closed in 2017. Angles (tribe) The Angles were one of the main Germanic peoples who settled in Great Britain in the post-Roman period. They founded several kingdoms of the Heptarchy in Anglo-Saxon England . Their name, which probably derives from the Angeln peninsula, is the root of the name England ("Engla land" or "Ængla land" ), as well as ultimately
2040-912: The eastern part in Stamford RSD was included in the Lincolnshire registration county. Under the Poor Laws, Oakham Union workhouse was built in 1836–37 at a site to the north-east of the town, with room for 100 paupers. The building later operated as the Catmose Vale Hospital, and now forms part of the Oakham School . In 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 the rural sanitary districts were partitioned along county boundaries to form three rural districts . The part of Oakham and Uppingham RSDs in Rutland formed
2100-458: The end of March 2011 after a riot and government review but, having been purchased by Rutland County Council, has now been turned into Oakham Enterprise Park . The county used to supply iron ore to Corby steel works but these quarries closed in the 1960s and early 1970s resulting in the famous walk of " Sundew " (the Exton quarries' large walking dragline) from Exton to Corby, which even featured on
2160-553: The exception of the Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service and Leicestershire Police , which are run by joint boards with Leicestershire County Council and Leicester City Council . Rutland regained a separate lieutenancy and shrievalty , and thus also regained status as a ceremonial county . Rutland was a postal county until the Royal Mail integrated it into the Leicestershire postal county in 1974. After
2220-511: The fifth century, the Anglii invaded Great Britain, after which time their name does not recur on the continent except in the title of the legal code issued to the Thuringians : Lex Angliorum et Werinorum hoc est Thuringorum . The Angles are the subject of a legend about Pope Gregory I , who happened to see a group of Angle children from Deira for sale as slaves in the Roman market. As
2280-561: The great deposits at Thorsberg moor (in Angeln) and Nydam , which contained large quantities of arms, ornaments, articles of clothing, agricultural implements, etc., and in Nydam, even ships. By the help of these discoveries, Angle culture in the age preceding the invasion of Britannia can be pieced together. According to sources such as the History of Bede, after the invasion of Britannia,
2340-828: The highest percentage (30.8%) work in Public Administration, Education and Health, closely followed by 29.7% in Distribution, Hotels and Restaurants and 16.7% in Manufacturing industries. Significant employers include Lands' End in Oakham and the Ketton Cement Works. Other employers in Rutland include two Ministry of Defence bases – Kendrew Barracks (formerly RAF Cottesmore ) and St George's Barracks (previously RAF North Luffenham ), two public schools – Oakham and Uppingham – and one prison, Stocken . The former Ashwell prison closed at
2400-527: The island. Thus it actually happened that not long ago the king of the Franks, in sending some of his intimates on an embassy to the Emperor Justinian in Byzantium, sent with them some of the Angili, thus seeking to establish his claim that this island was ruled by him." Procopius claimed that the Angles had recently sent a large army of 400 ships to Europe, from Brittia to the Rhine, to enforce
2460-497: The largest group and subsequently formed a cabinet led by Gale Waller. As from the May 2019 elections, there are 27 councillors representing 15 wards on Rutland County Council. They represent a mixture of one, two and three-person wards. Rutland formed a Parliamentary constituency on its own until 1918, when it became part of the Rutland and Stamford constituency, along with Stamford in Lincolnshire. Since 1983 it has formed part of
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2520-586: The late 9th and early 10th centuries, the kings of Wessex defeated the Danes and liberated the Angles from the Danelaw. They united their house in marriage with the surviving Angle royalty, and were accepted by the Angles as their kings. This marked the passing of the old Anglo-Saxon world and the dawn of the " English " as a new people. The regions of East Anglia and Northumbria are still known by their original titles. Northumbria once stretched as far north as what
2580-403: The non-metropolitan county of Leicestershire and Rutland at current basic prices with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling. ^ includes hunting and forestry ^ includes energy and construction ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding. As far as the NHS is concerned Rutland
2640-414: The province of Schleswig (though it may then have been of greater extent), and this identification agrees with the indications given by Bede. In the Norwegian seafarer Ohthere of Hålogaland 's account of a two-day voyage from the Oslo fjord to Schleswig , he reported the lands on his starboard bow, and Alfred appended the note "on these islands dwelt the Engle before they came hither". Confirmation
2700-423: The sides. After 2010, Forest Enterprise could not fund the annual trimming and the trees became overgrown and diseased. The Clipsham Yew Tree Avenue Trust, a registered charity, has signed a 20-year agreement with the Forestry Commission to take over the management of the avenue. St Mary's church is a Grade II* listed building. The Olive Branch is one of the very few pubs to hold a Michelin star and in 2008
2760-407: The six other tribes, they worshipped Nerthus , or Mother Earth, whose sanctuary was located on "an island in the Ocean". The Eudoses are generally considered to be the Jutes and these names have been associated with localities in Jutland or on the Baltic coast. The coast contains sufficient estuaries, inlets, rivers, islands, swamps, and marshes to have been inaccessible to those not familiar with
2820-403: The story was told by Bede, Gregory was struck by the unusual appearance of the slaves and asked about their background. When told they were called Anglii (Angles), he replied with a Latin pun that translates well into English: "Bene, nam et angelicam habent faciem, et tales angelorum in caelis decet esse coheredes" (It is well, for they have an angelic face, and such people ought to be co-heirs of
2880-508: The terrain, such as the Romans, who considered it unknown and inaccessible. The majority of scholars believe that the Anglii lived on the coasts of the Baltic Sea , probably in the southern part of the Jutland peninsula. This view is based partly on Old English and Danish traditions regarding persons and events of the fourth century, and partly because striking affinities to the cult of Nerthus as described by Tacitus are to be found in pre-Christian Scandinavian religion. Surviving versions of
2940-423: The time of the 19th century it had been divided into the hundreds of Alstoe , East Rutland, Martinsley, Oakham and Wrandike. Rutland covered parts of three poor law unions and rural sanitary districts (RSDs): those of Oakham, Uppingham and Stamford. The registration county of Rutland contained the entirety of Oakham and Uppingham RSDs, which included several parishes in Leicestershire and Northamptonshire –
3000-399: The vote. The county comprises 57 civil parishes , which range considerably in size and population, from Martinsthorpe (nil population) to Oakham (10,922 residents in the 2011 census). The population in the 2011 Census was 37,369, a rise of 8% on the 2001 total of 34,563. The population saw a nearly 1% increase in the population at the 2021 Census with a recorded population of 41,049. At
3060-399: The west border ( OS Grid reference: SK8271708539). The lowest point is close to the east border, in secluded farmland at North Lodge Farm, northeast of Belmesthorpe , at just 17 m (56 feet) above sea level (OS Grid reference: TF056611122); this corner of the county is on the edge of The Fens and is drained by the West Glen . There are 17,000 people of working age in Rutland, of which
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#17327902674523120-399: The western part added to Leicestershire . The final proposals were less radical and instead proposed that Rutland become a single rural district within the administrative county of Leicestershire. Rutland became a non-metropolitan district of Leicestershire under the Local Government Act 1972 , which took effect on 1 April 1974. The original proposal was for Rutland to be merged with what
3180-427: The word English for its people and language. According to Tacitus , writing around 100 AD, a people known as Angles (Anglii) lived beyond (apparently northeast of) the Lombards and Semnones , who lived near the River Elbe . The name of the Angles may have been first recorded in Latinised form, as Anglii , in the Germania of Tacitus. It is thought to derive from the name of the area they originally inhabited,
3240-427: The work of Ptolemy , who wrote around AD 150, in his Geography (2.10), describes the Angles in a confusing manner. In one passage, the Sueboi Angeilloi (or Suevi Angili ), are described as living inland between the northern Rhine and central Elbe , but apparently not touching either river, with the Suebic Langobardi on the Rhine to their west, and the Suebic Semnones on the Elbe stretching to their east, forming
3300-437: The wrong place. The Langobardi also appear in the expected position on the lower Elbe, and the Angles would be expected to their northwest, based upon Tacitus. Another theory is that all or part of the Angles dwelt or moved among other coastal people, perhaps confederated up to the basin of the Saale (in the neighbourhood of the ancient canton of Engilin ) on the Unstrut valleys below the Kyffhäuserkreis , from which region
3360-418: Was chosen as winner of the Michelin Pub of the Year. Rutland Rutland ( / ˈ r ʌ t l ə n d / ) is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It borders Leicestershire to the north and west, Lincolnshire to the north-east, and Northamptonshire to the south-west. Oakham is the largest town and county town . Rutland has an area of 382 km (147 sq mi) and
3420-403: Was discovered west of Ketton. The area now known as Rutland was settled by the Angles from the 5th century and later formed part of the kingdom of Mercia . Rutland was first mentioned as a distinct county in 1179. During the High Middle Ages much of it was forested and used as hunting grounds. The wool trade was important during the 16th century. Rutland's main industry is agriculture. There
3480-414: Was elevated to the status of Duke in 1703 and the titles were merged. The family seat is Belvoir Castle , Leicestershire. The office of High Sheriff of Rutland was instituted in 1129, and there has been a Lord Lieutenant of Rutland since at least 1559. Oakham Castle was built c. 1180 –1190 and is "one of the nation’s best-preserved Norman buildings" and is a Grade I listed building . By
3540-422: Was formed from muds and sand carried down by rivers and occurring as bands of different colours, each with many fossil shells at the bottom. The formation has also preserved a well-preserved specimen of the sauropod dinosaur Cetiosaurus oxienensis at Great Casterton , currently on display at Leicester Museum & Art Gallery . At the bottom of the Rutland Formation is a bed of dirty white sandy silt. Under
3600-507: Was the first county to offer a county-wide public electric-vehicle charging network. Rutland's small size has led to a number of humorous references such as Rutland Weekend Television , a television comedy sketch series hosted by Eric Idle . The county is the supposed home of the parody rock band The Rutles , who first appeared on Rutland Weekend Television . The events in several Peter F. Hamilton books (including Misspent Youth and Mindstar Rising ) are situated in Rutland, where
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