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46-622: Cruces , the formal plural of crux and a Spanish word for "crosses", may refer to: [REDACTED] Look up crux  or Crux in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Cruces, Cuba , a town in Cuba Cruces River , a river in Chile Río Cruces Bridge , a bridge that crosses Cruces River Cruces River (Puerto Rico) Cruces, Aguada, Puerto Rico ,

92-736: A barrio Cruces, Rincón, Puerto Rico , a barrio Cruces - Gurutzeta , a neighbourhood in Barakaldo , Spain Gurutzeta/Cruces (Metro Bilbao) , metro station in that neighbourhood Cruces (peak) , highest point of the Sierra de San Vicente, Sistema Central , Spain Las Cruces, New Mexico , United States Vila de Cruces , a town in Galicia, Spain Villanueva de las Cruces ,

138-416: A fiery star. There is also a reference by Gaiarbau (1880) regarding the coalsacks replicating bora rings on Earth. These astronomical sites allowed the spirits to continue ceremony similar to their human counterparts on Earth. As bora grounds are generally located on the compass points north–south, the southern coal sack indicates the ceremonial ring. In Inca astronomy this nebula was called Yutu , after

184-431: A fifth star, and lacks the two prominent nearby "Pointer Stars". Between the two is the even larger and dimmer Diamond Cross . Crux is easily visible from the southern hemisphere , south of 35th parallel at practically any time of year as circumpolar. It is also visible near the horizon from tropical latitudes of the northern hemisphere for a few hours every night during the northern winter and spring. For instance, it

230-580: A partridge-like South American bird, or Tinamou . The Coalsack Nebula and the galactic area surrounding it played a large role in Jerry Pournelle 's CoDominium Universe, particularly The Mote in God's Eye and the sequel The Gripping Hand , both co-authored with Larry Niven . In these novels, a human-colonized system, New Caledonia, is on the opposite side of the Coalsack from Earth. Set against

276-611: A planet— HD 106906 b —that has one of the widest orbits of any currently known planetary-mass companions. Crux is backlit by the multitude of stars of the Scutum-Crux Arm (more commonly called the Scutum-Centaurus Arm ) of the Milky Way. This is the main inner arm in the local radial quarter of the galaxy. Part-obscuring this is: A key feature of the Scutum-Crux Arm is: The most prominent feature of Crux

322-431: A polygon of four segments. In the equatorial coordinate system , the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between 11 56.13 and 12 57.45 , while the declination coordinates are between −55.68° and −64.70°. Its totality figures at least part of the year south of the 25th parallel north . In tropical regions Crux can be seen in the sky from April to June. Crux is exactly opposite to Cassiopeia on

368-523: A separate constellation is attributed to Andrea Corsali , an Italian navigator who from 1515 to 1517 sailed to China and the East Indies in an expedition sponsored by King Manuel I . In 1516, Corsali wrote a letter to the monarch describing his observations of the southern sky, which included a rather crude map of the stars around the south celestial pole including the Southern Cross and

414-682: A town in Andalusia, Spain See also [ edit ] Crux (disambiguation) Cruce , a surname Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cruces . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cruces&oldid=884482108 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

460-805: Is a major rail terminal in Melbourne, Australia. The Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross is a personal ordinariate of the Roman Catholic Church primarily within the territory of the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference for groups of Anglicans who desire full communion with the Catholic Church in Australia and Asia. The Knights of the Southern Cross (KSC) is a Catholic fraternal order throughout Australia. In India, there

506-528: Is a story related to the creation of Trishanku Swarga (त्रिशंकु), meaning Cross (Crux), created by Sage Vishwamitra . In Chinese , 十字架 ( Shí Zì Jià ), meaning Cross , refers to an asterism consisting of γ Crucis, α Crucis , β Crucis and δ Crucis . In Australian Aboriginal astronomy , Crux and the Coalsack mark the head of the 'Emu in the Sky' (which is seen in the dark spaces rather than in

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552-579: Is also mentioned in the Samoan National Anthem . " Vaai 'i na fetu o lo'u a agiagia ai: Le faailoga lea o Iesu, na maliu ai mo Samoa. " ("Look at those stars that are waving on it: This is the symbol of Jesus, who died on it for Samoa.") The 1952-53 NBC Television Series Victory At Sea contained a musical number entitled "Beneath the Southern Cross". " Southern Cross " is a single released by Crosby, Stills and Nash in 1981. It reached #18 on Billboard Hot 100 in late 1982. "The Sign of

598-601: Is also shared by an archaic name of the constellation in Vietnam , where it was once known as sao Cá Liệt (the ponyfish star). Among Filipino people , the southern cross have various names pertaining to tops , including kasing ( Visayan languages ), paglong ( Bikol ), and pasil ( Tagalog ). It is also called butiti ( puffer fish ) in Waray . The Javanese people of Indonesia called this constellation Gubug pèncèng ("raking hut") or lumbung ("the granary"), because

644-484: Is also, coincidentally, where intersects a perpendicular line taken southwards from the east–west axis of Alpha Centauri to Beta Centauri , which are stars at an alike declination to Crux and of a similar width as the cross, but higher magnitude. Argentine gauchos are documented as using Crux for night orientation in the Pampas and Patagonia . Alpha and Beta Centauri are of similar declinations (thus distance from

690-567: Is bordered by the constellations Centaurus (which surrounds it on three sides) on the east, north and west, and Musca to the south. Covering 68 square degrees and 0.165% of the night sky, it is the smallest of the 88 constellations. The three-letter abbreviation for the constellation, as adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1922, is "Cru". The official constellation boundaries, as set by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte in 1930, are defined by

736-423: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages crux Blue-white α Crucis (Acrux) is the most southerly member of the constellation and, at magnitude 0.8, the brightest. The three other stars of the cross appear clockwise and in order of lessening magnitude: β Crucis (Mimosa), γ Crucis (Gacrux), and δ Crucis (Imai). ε Crucis (Ginan) also lies within

782-496: Is the distinctive asterism known as the Southern Cross. It has great significance in the cultures of the southern hemisphere, particularly of Australia, Brazil, Chile and New Zealand. Several southern countries and organisations have traditionally used Crux as a national or distinctive symbol. The four or five brightest stars of Crux appear, heraldically standardised in various ways, on the flags of Australia , Brazil , New Zealand , Papua New Guinea and Samoa . They also appear on

828-503: Is visible from Cancun or any other place at latitude 25° N or less at around 10 pm at the end of April. There are 5 main stars. Due to precession , Crux will move closer to the South Pole in the next millennia, up to 67 degrees south declination for the middle of the constellation. However, by the year 14,000, Crux will be visible for most parts of Europe and the continental United States. Its visibility will extend to North Europe by

874-634: The Coalsack ) is a dark nebula , which is visible to the naked eye as a dark patch obscuring part of the Milky Way east of Acrux (Alpha Crucis) in the constellation of Crux . Historically any other dark cloud in the night sky was called coalsack. The Coalsack Nebula was juxtaposed in 1899 by Richard Hinckley Allen through naming the Northern Coalsack Nebula . The Coalsack Nebula covers nearly 7 ° by 5° and extends into

920-461: The emu in the sky in several Aboriginal cultures . Amongst the Wardaman people , it is said to be the head and shoulders of a law-man watching the people to ensure they do not break traditional law. According to a legend reported by W. E. Harney, this being is called Utdjungon and only adherence to the tribal law by surviving tribe members could prevent him from destroying the world with

966-570: The Brazilian coat of arms and, as of July 2015 , on the cover of Brazilian passports . Five stars appear in the logo of the Brazilian football team Cruzeiro Esporte Clube and in the insignia of the Order of the Southern Cross , and the cross has featured as name of the Brazilian currency (the cruzeiro from 1942 to 1986 and again from 1990 to 1994). All coins of the current (1998) series of

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1012-535: The Brazilian real display the constellation. Songs and literature reference the Southern Cross, including the Argentine epic poem Martín Fierro . The Argentinian singer Charly García says that he is "from the Southern Cross" in the song "No voy en tren". The Cross gets a mention in the lyrics of the Brazilian National Anthem (1909): " A imagem do Cruzeiro resplandece " ("the image of

1058-606: The German East Africa Company of 1885–1920, which included a constellation of five white five-pointed Crux "stars" on a red ground, later served as the model for symbolism associated with generic German colonial-oriented organisations: the Reichskolonialbund of 1936–1943 and the Friends of the former German Protectorates  [ de ] (1956/1983 to the present). Southern Cross station

1104-737: The Scorpius–Centaurus association , the nearest OB association to the Sun . They are among the highest-mass stellar members of the Lower Centaurus–Crux subgroup of the association, with ages of roughly 10 to 20 million years. Other members include the blue-white stars Zeta , Lambda and both the components of the visual double star , Mu . Crux contains many variable stars . It boasts four Cepheid variables that may all reach naked eye visibility. Other well studied variable stars includes: The star HD 106906 has been found to have

1150-662: The Solomon Islands saw several figures in the Southern Cross. These included a knee protector and a net used to catch Palolo worms . Neighboring peoples in the Marshall Islands saw these stars as a fish. Peninsular Malays also see the likeness of a fish in the Crux, particularly the Scomberomorus or its local name Tohok . Coalsack Nebula The Coalsack Nebula ( Southern Coalsack , or simply

1196-466: The precession of the equinoxes gradually lowered the stars below the European horizon, and they were eventually forgotten by the inhabitants of northern latitudes. By 400  AD , the stars in the constellation now called Crux never rose above the horizon throughout most of Europe. Dante may have known about the constellation in the 14th century, as he describes an asterism of four bright stars in

1242-560: The Australian Eureka Flag . The constellation was also used on the dark blue, shield-like patch worn by personnel of the U.S. Army's Americal Division , which was organized in the Southern Hemisphere, on the island of New Caledonia , and also on the blue diamond of the U.S. 1st Marine Division , which fought on the Southern Hemisphere islands of Guadalcanal and New Britain . The Petersflagge flag of

1288-788: The Cross shines"). The Southern Cross is mentioned in the Australian National Anthem , " Beneath our radiant Southern Cross we'll toil with hearts and hands " The Southern Cross features in the coat of arms of William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood , the British officer who commanded the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps during the Gallipoli Campaign of the First World War . The Southern Cross

1334-540: The Earth . Three of these stars are in Crux making it the most densely populated as to those stars (this being 3.26% of these 92 stars, and in turn being 19.2 times more than the expected 0.17% that would result on a homogenous distribution of all bright stars and a randomised drawing of all 88 constellations, given its area, 0.17% of the sky). Within the constellation's borders, there are 49 stars brighter than or equal to apparent magnitude 6.5. The four main stars that form

1380-607: The Pointers are its rope. In Tonga it is known as Toloa ("duck"); it is depicted as a duck flying south, with one of his wings ( δ Crucis ) wounded because Ongo tangata ("two men", α and β Centauri ) threw a stone at it. The Coalsack is known as Humu (the " triggerfish "), because of its shape. In Samoa the constellation is called Sumu ("triggerfish") because of its rhomboid shape, while α and β Centauri are called Luatagata (Two Men), just as they are in Tonga. The peoples of

1426-509: The Southern Cross" is a song released by Black Sabbath in 1981. The song was released on the album " Mob Rules ". The Order of the Southern Cross is a Brazilian order of chivalry awarded to "those who have rendered significant service to the Brazilian nation". In " O Sweet Saint Martin's Land ", the lyrics mention the Southern Cross: Thy Southern Cross the night . A stylized version of Crux appears on

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1472-425: The asterism are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta Crucis. There is also a fifth star, that is often included with the Southern Cross. There are several other naked-eye stars within the borders of Crux, especially: Unusually, a total of 15 of the 23 brightest stars in Crux are spectrally blue-white B-type stars. Among the five main bright stars, Delta, and probably Alpha and Beta, are likely co-moving B-type members of

1518-474: The celestial sphere, and therefore it cannot appear in the sky with the latter at the same time. In this era, south of Cape Town , Adelaide , and Buenos Aires (the 34th parallel south ), Crux is circumpolar and thus always appears in the sky. Crux is sometimes confused with the nearby False Cross asterism by stargazers. The False Cross consists of stars in Carina and Vela, is larger and dimmer, does not have

1564-509: The cross asterism. Many of these brighter stars are members of the Scorpius–Centaurus association , a large but loose group of hot blue-white stars that appear to share common origins and motion across the southern Milky Way. Crux contains four Cepheid variables , each visible to the naked eye under optimum conditions. Crux also contains the bright and colourful open cluster known as the Jewel Box (NGC 4755) on its eastern border. Nearby to

1610-490: The first European to depict it correctly. Faras sketched and described the constellation (calling it " las guardas ") in a letter written on the beaches of Brazil on 1 May 1500 to the Portuguese monarch. Explorer Amerigo Vespucci seems to have observed not only the Southern Cross but also the neighboring Coalsack Nebula on his second voyage in 1501–1502. Another early modern description clearly describing Crux as

1656-605: The flags of the Australian state of Victoria , the Australian Capital Territory , the Northern Territory , as well as the flag of Magallanes Region of Chile , the flag of Londrina (Brazil) and several Argentine provincial flags and emblems (for example, Tierra del Fuego and Santa Cruz ). The flag of the Mercosur trading zone displays the four brightest stars. Crux also appears on

1702-488: The handle and the four stars as the left hand of Tagai, and the stars of Musca as the trident of the fishing spear he is holding. In Aranda traditions of central Australia, the four Cross stars are the talon of an eagle and Gamma Centauri as its leg. Various peoples in the East Indies and Brazil viewed the four main stars as the body of a ray. In both Indonesia and Malaysia, it is known as Bintang Pari and Buruj Pari , respectively ("ray stars"). This aquatic theme

1748-473: The neighboring constellations Centaurus and Musca . The first observation was reported by Vicente Yáñez Pinzón in 1499. It was named " il Canopo fosco " (the dark Canopus ) by Amerigo Vespucci and was also called " Macula Magellani " (Magellan's Spot) or " Black Magellanic Cloud " in opposition to the Magellanic Clouds . In Australian Aboriginal astronomy , the Coalsack forms the head of

1794-633: The patterns of stars) in several Aboriginal cultures , while Crux itself is said to be a possum sitting in a tree ( Boorong people of the Wimmera region of northwestern Victoria), a representation of the sky deity Mirrabooka ( Quandamooka people of Stradbroke Island ), a stingray ( Yolngu people of Arnhem Land ), or an eagle ( Kaurna people of the Adelaide Plains ). Two Pacific constellations also included Gamma Centauri . Torres Strait Islanders in modern-day Australia saw Gamma Centauri as

1840-405: The pole) and are often referred as the "Southern Pointers" or just "The Pointers", allowing people to easily identify the Southern Cross, the constellation of Crux. Very few bright stars lie between Crux and the pole itself, although the constellation Musca is fairly easily recognised immediately south of Crux. Down to apparent magnitude +2.5 are 92 stars that shine the brightest as viewed from

1886-426: The shape of the constellation was like that of a raking hut . The Southern Cross ( α , β , γ and δ Crucis ) together with μ Crucis is one of the asterisms used by Bugis sailors for navigation, called bintoéng bola képpang , meaning "incomplete house star" The Māori name for the Southern Cross is Māhutonga and it is thought of as the anchor ( Te Punga ) of Tama-rereti's waka (the Milky Way ), while

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1932-535: The southeast is a large dark nebula spanning 7° by 5° known as the Coalsack Nebula , portions of which are mapped in the neighbouring constellations of Centaurus and Musca . The bright stars in Crux were known to the Ancient Greeks , where Ptolemy regarded them as part of the constellation Centaurus . They were entirely visible as far north as Britain in the fourth millennium BC. However,

1978-526: The southern sky in his Divine Comedy . His description, however, may be allegorical, and the similarity to the constellation a coincidence. The 15th century Venetian navigator Alvise Cadamosto made note of what was probably the Southern Cross on exiting the Gambia River in 1455, calling it the carro dell'ostro ("southern chariot"). However, Cadamosto's accompanying diagram was inaccurate. Historians generally credit João Faras for being

2024-462: The two Magellanic Clouds seen in an external orientation, as on a globe. Emery Molyneux and Petrus Plancius have also been cited as the first uranographers (sky mappers) to distinguish Crux as a separate constellation; their representations date from 1592, the former depicting it on his celestial globe and the latter in one of the small celestial maps on his large wall map. Both authors, however, depended on unreliable sources and placed Crux in

2070-463: The wrong position. Crux was first shown in its correct position on the celestial globes of Petrus Plancius and Jodocus Hondius in 1598 and 1600. Its stars were first catalogued separately from Centaurus by Frederick de Houtman in 1603. The constellation was later adopted by Jakob Bartsch in 1624 and Augustin Royer in 1679. Royer is sometimes wrongly cited as initially distinguishing Crux. Crux

2116-622: The year 18,000 when it will be less than 30 degrees south declination. In the Southern Hemisphere , the Southern Cross is frequently used for navigation in much the same way that Polaris is used in the Northern Hemisphere . Projecting a line from γ to α Crucis (the foot of the crucifix) approximately 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 times beyond gives a point close to the Southern Celestial Pole which

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