18-628: Cres ( Croatian pronunciation: [t͡srês] ; Dalmatian : Crepsa , Venetian : Cherso , Italian : Cherso , Latin : Crepsa , Greek : Χέρσος ) is an Adriatic island in Croatia . It is one of the northern islands in the Kvarner Gulf and can be reached via ferry from Rijeka , Krk island or from the Istrian peninsula (line Brestova - Porozina ). With an area of 405.78 square kilometres (156.67 sq mi), Cres has
36-623: A mid-latitude humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa ) under the Köppen climate classification . Winters are cool and damp, punctuated by the Bora wind and summers are hot and quite dry, bordering on a hot-summer mediterranean climate ( Csa ). Further south, Lošinj island enjoys a true hot-summer mediterranean climate ( Csa ) with cool and damp winters and hot, distinctly dry summers. Dalmatian language Dalmatian or Dalmatic ( Italian : dalmatico ; Croatian : dalmatinski )
54-720: Is home to many different types of nonvenomous snakes, including Elaphe quatuorlineata , Zamenis longissimus , Zamenis situla , and Natrix tessellata , a snake rare or absent on other Adriatic islands. The island has a relatively large breeding population of the endangered Eurasian griffon vulture , which can often be seen soaring over the island. It forms part of the Kvarner Islands Important Bird Area (IBA), designated as such by BirdLife International because it supports significant numbers of many bird species, including breeding populations of many birds of prey . The main part of Cres features
72-636: Is the bridge to Lošinj , which was once connected by land, but is now separated by a waterway. A list of the villages with descriptions is below: Cres has its own fresh water lake, which is very highly guarded and illegal to swim or fish in. It supplies water to neighboring Lošinj as well. It is the largest lake in Croatia by volume and one of the deepest fresh water lakes in Eastern Europe , going down 76 metres (249 ft) at its deepest point (>50 metres (160 ft) below sea-level ). Cres
90-601: The Republic of Ragusa , official business was conducted in Ragusan until approximately the end of the 15th century. In 1472 the Senate famously banned the use (without permission) of "Slavic" or "any language other than Ragusan or Italian" for conducting legal disputes. Another piece of evidence is a letter by Elio Lampridio Cerva (1463–1520) that mentions "I remember how, when I was a boy, old men would carry on legal business in
108-707: The Adriatic coast, namely Cres , Rab , Zadar , Trogir , Split , Kotor . Likely 'Dalmatisms' in Croatian include: Brestova Brestova is a village in Croatia , located south of Učka Mountain ridge. It is connected by the D402 road , which links the Brestova ferry port, from where ferries depart for the island of Cres . The settlement is administered as a part of Istria County and Kršan municipality. This Istria County geography article
126-527: The Romance language that was called Ragusan". This was spoken in Krk ( Italian : Veglia , Dalmatian: Vikla ). It is documented from the 19th century, in large part thanks to the efforts of the linguist Matteo Bartoli and his informant Tuone Udaina . When they first met, Udaina had not spoken Vegliote in two decades and could only produce a sort of 'Dalmatianised' Venetian. As their interviews went on, he
144-609: The island became part of the French Empire . After the fall of Napoleon, Austria took control of the island once again and kept it for a century. During this time the economy developed, thanks to the olive trees , sage , and other plants becoming a key part to the success of the island. At the end of World War I , with the Treaty of Rapallo signed in 1920, the island was handed over to the Kingdom of Italy . Italian rule over
162-615: The island did not last long. Because of Italy alliance with the Axis Powers during World War II , Cres was handed over to Yugoslavia in 1947 along with neighbouring islands and the Istrian Peninsula . The island has gone through an agricultural downturn as many residents left the island for the mainland or abroad . This has resulted in many former agricultural areas becoming overgrown with local vegetation. Recently, people, primarily retirees, have been returning to live on
180-552: The island in the early 9th century (believed to be somewhere around 812). Around 866, the inhabitants saw their first conflicts with the Republic of Venice . The Venetians eventually took control of Cres and the neighboring islands during the 10th and 11th centuries. After Napoleon 's victory over the Venetians, the control of the island was given to the Austrian Empire . After the defeat of Austria by Napoleon in 1809,
198-455: The island. Tourism has become an increasingly important industry and the population experiences significant seasonal variation. The island has several villages, all of them connected by a road that runs down the middle of the island. On one side is the ferry from Porozina to Brestova (in Istria). Another ferry runs from Merag to Valbiska (on the neighbouring island of Krk ); on the other
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#1732776026440216-484: The past, the two islands were connected, but due to the needs of trade , these islands were separated by an artificially dug canal near Osor. Its name predates classical antiquity and derives from Proto-Indo-European *(s)quer- ("cliff"). When the town was founded and inhabited by ancient Greeks, it was called Chersos (Χέρσος), which in Greek means "barren land", "uncultivated land" or "dry heaths". Later, "Chersos"
234-510: The same size as the neighbouring Krk island. In 2011, Cres had a population of 3,079 people. In the past, Cres and the neighbouring island of Lošinj used to be one island, but now they are divided by a channel and connected by a bridge that starts from the town of Osor . Cres's only freshwater source is Lake Vrana . Cres has been inhabited since the Paleolithic time period. In ancient times, Cres and Lošinj were called Apsyrtides . In
252-465: The sounds [j i y] , as in the word [tʃol] "arse" < * [kyl] < * [ˈkulu] < CULUM . It was once thought that Vegliote, like Romanian , showed the sound-change /kt/ > /pt/ , but the only example of this is /ˈwapto/ "eight" < OCTO , which was probably affected by analogy with /ˈsapto/ "seven" < SEPTEM . From Udaina. Stress-marks have been omitted. Dalmatian would also have been spoken on major islands and in towns along
270-596: The words pen , teta , chesa , fachir and indicates the meanings 'bread', 'father', 'house', 'to do'. There are also some 14th-century texts in Ragusan, but these show extensive Croatian and Venetian influence, to the point that it is difficult to discern which if any of their features are genuinely Dalmatian. A notable feature of Ragusan was its preservation (without palatalisation ) of Latin /k/ and /ɡ/ before front vowels, which can be seen in attested forms like colchitra < Latin CULCITRA . In
288-633: Was a group of Romance varieties that developed along the coast of Dalmatia . Over the centuries they were increasingly influenced, and then supplanted, by Croatian and Venetian . It has not been demonstrated that Dalmatian belonged to a larger branch of Romance or even that its varieties constituted a valid genetic grouping of their own. This was spoken in Dubrovnik ( Italian : Ragusa ). Various Ragusan words are known from local documents in Latin and Venetian. One such document, for instance, records
306-476: Was able to recall more and more Vegliote from his youth, albeit in a form still tinged by his Venetian. Like Ragusan, Vegliote did not participate in the broader Romance palatalisation of [k] and [ɡ] before front vowels. (Compare Vegliote [ɡeˈlut] "cold" and Italian [dʒeˈlato] < Latin GELATUM .) Nevertheless it appears to have undergone a later, and independent, palatalisation of [k] to [tʃ] before
324-702: Was resounded to "Cresta", from which eventually the modern name "Cherso-Cres" came. Cres was ruled by the Greeks until the first century B.C., when the Roman Empire made the island part of the province of Liburnia . After the fall of the Roman Empire the island became part of the Byzantine Empire as one of the Dalmatian city-states , and remained this way for centuries. Slavs first arrived on
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