Philosophers
64-493: Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, Duchess of Västergötland (Victoria Ingrid Alice Désirée; born 14 July 1977) is the heir apparent to the Swedish throne , as the eldest child of King Carl XVI Gustaf . If she ascends to the throne as expected, she would be Sweden’s fourth queen regnant (after Margaret , Christina and Ulrika Eleonora ) and the first since 1720. Her inheritance is secured by Sweden's 1980 Act of Succession ,
128-529: A "big drawback" in her capacity as heir to the throne. Heir apparent Works An heir apparent is a person who is first in an order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person. A person who is first in the current order of succession but could be displaced by the birth of a more eligible heir is known as heir presumptive . Today these terms most commonly describe heirs to hereditary titles (e.g. titles of nobility) or offices, especially when only inheritable by
192-457: A close friend of Victoria's. In a popular personal report called Tre dagar med Victoria , which profiled her work during a three-day period that aired on TV4 in December 2004, Victoria commented on criticism directed at Westling, "Many unfair things are written. I understand that there is speculation, but some day justice will be done there, too." Victoria also gave her opinion that happiness
256-474: A crown princely title, is not automatically hereditary. It generally requires a specific conferral by the sovereign, which may be withheld. Current and past titles in this category include: Currently, the following monarchies use the term "crown prince" (or "crown princess") for the heirs apparent to their thrones: In addition, the following heirs apparent to deposed monarchies continue to use their former titles by international courtesy: In Islamic tradition,
320-666: A death occurring). In 2015, pursuant to the 2011 Perth Agreement , the Commonwealth realms changed the rules of succession to the 16 thrones of Elizabeth II to absolute primogeniture, except for male heirs born before the Perth Agreement. The effects are not likely to be felt for many years; the first two heirs at the time of the agreement (Charles, Prince of Wales, later Charles III , and his son William, Prince of Wales ) were already eldest born children, and in 2013 William's first-born son Prince George of Wales became
384-412: A different title from an heir apparent : hereditary prince (German: Erbprinz , French: prince héréditaire ). It is also the title borne by the heir apparent of Liechtenstein , as well as the heir apparent or presumptive of Monaco . In Luxembourg , the heir apparent bears the title of hereditary grand duke ( German : Erbgroßherzog , Luxembourgish : ierfgroussherzog ); along with hereditary prince, it
448-666: A historic visit, which was organised by the Swedish Embassy in Ankara and Swedish Trade Council in Istanbul . Victoria also visited the historic sights such as the Blue Mosque , Topkapı Palace and Hagia Sophia . This was the first official Royal visit from Sweden to Turkey since 1934. In September 2005, she made an official visit to China . In March 2006, Victoria made an official visit to Brazil where she followed
512-469: A legal sense (according to that form of primogeniture) to the current title-holder. The clearest example occurs in the case of a childless bearer of a hereditary title that can only be inherited by one person. If at any time the title bearer were to produce children, those children would rank ahead of any person who had formerly been heir presumptive. Many legal systems assume childbirth is always possible regardless of age or health. In such circumstances
576-637: A more specific substantive title may be accorded and become associated with the position of heir apparent (e.g. Prince of Wales in the United Kingdom , Prince of Asturias in the Kingdom of Spain and formerly the Dauphin in France ). In these monarchies, the term crown prince may be used less often than the substantive title (or never). Until the late twentieth century, no modern monarchy adopted
640-407: A national “princess cake week” during which the participating cafés and bakeries give 2.50 SEK per sold princess pastry and 10 SEK per sold princess cake to the fund. The result of this fund-raising drive is usually presented to Victoria herself on her name day on 12 March every year; in 2007, the total amount was 200,000 SEK. Congratulatory and memorial cards are also issued by Radiohjälpen benefitting
704-416: A new boyfriend, her personal trainer at Master Training, Daniel Westling . When the news broke and the media turned its attention on him, it was obvious that he did not like being in the public eye. Once Westling was photographed crossing a street against a red light in order to avoid a camera. In July 2002, Victoria and Westling were pictured kissing for the first time at a birthday party for Caroline Kreuger,
SECTION 10
#1732765723698768-437: A person may be, in a practical sense, the heir apparent but still, legally speaking, heir presumptive. Indeed, when Queen Victoria succeeded her uncle King William IV , the wording of the proclamation even gave as a caveat : ...saving the rights of any issue of his late Majesty King William IV, which may be born of his late Majesty's consort. This provided for the possibility that William's wife, Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen ,
832-716: A single person. Most monarchies refer to the heir apparent of their thrones with the descriptive term of crown prince or crown princess , but they may also be accorded with a more specific substantive title : such as Prince of Orange in the Netherlands, Duke of Brabant in Belgium, Prince of Asturias in Spain (also granted to heirs presumptive), or the Prince of Wales in England and Wales; former titles include Dauphin in
896-486: A system of absolute primogeniture that disregards gender, female heirs apparent occur. As succession to titles, positions, or offices in the past most often favoured males, females considered to be an heir apparent were rare. Absolute primogeniture was not practised by any modern monarchy for succession to their thrones until the late twentieth century, with Sweden being the first to adopt absolute primogeniture in 1980 and other Western European monarchies following suit. Since
960-412: A system whereby females would be guaranteed to succeed to the throne (i.e. absolute primogeniture ). A crown princess would therefore be more likely to refer to the spouse of a crown prince. She would be styled crown princess, not in her own right but by courtesy . Many European countries have now abolished male primogeniture; a notable exception is Spain. Today, in monarchies lower than royal rank
1024-710: A year (1996–97) at the Catholic University of the West at Angers in France , and in the fall term of 1997 participated in a special program following the work of the Riksdag . From 1998 to 2000, Victoria resided in the United States, where she studied various subjects at Yale University . In May 1999, she was an intern at the Swedish Embassy in Washington, D.C. Victoria completed a study program at
1088-630: Is a training program for young future diplomats and gives an insight to the ministry's work, Swedish foreign and security policies and Sweden's relations with the rest of the world. In June 2009, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Uppsala University . She speaks Swedish , English , French and German . In August 2024 the Crown Princess started officer training at the Swedish Defence University . This training will take around 20 months to complete and has
1152-539: Is heir apparent to the Norwegian throne, and Victoria herself has a female heir apparent in her elder child, Princess Estelle . Victoria was not heir apparent from birth (in 1977), but gained the status in 1980 following a change in the Swedish Act of Succession . Her younger brother Carl Philip (born 1979) was thus heir apparent for a few months (and is a rare example of an heir apparent losing this status without
1216-459: Is important, and that these days it is not so much about background and pedigree but about two people who have to live with each other. She said that if they are not happy and comfortable with each other, it is impossible to do a good job. Swedish media often speculated about upcoming engagements and marriages for Victoria. On 24 February 2009, rumours that wedding plans were imminent became particularly intense preceding an information council between
1280-448: Is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy . The female form of the title, crown princess , is held by a woman who is heir apparent or is married to the heir apparent. Crown prince as a descriptive term has been used throughout history for the prince who is first-in-line to a throne and is expected to succeed (i.e. the heir apparent), barring any unforeseen future event preventing this. In certain monarchies,
1344-430: Is the godmother of eighteen children: Victoria has dyslexia , as do her father King Carl XVI Gustaf and her brother Prince Carl Philip. In 1996, it was established that Victoria had anorexia ; this was not confirmed until the next year. Victoria had planned to study at Uppsala University , but after intense media speculation and public discussion when pictures of an evidently emaciated Victoria in sleeveless dresses at
SECTION 20
#17327657236981408-640: The Government Offices in 2001. In 2003, Victoria's education continued with visits to Swedish businesses, a study and intern program in agriculture and forestry, as well as completion of the basic soldier training at SWEDINT (the Swedish Armed Forces International Centre). In 2006, Victoria enrolled in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs ' Diplomat Program, running from September 2006 to June 2007. The program
1472-504: The Kingdom of France , and Tsesarevich in Imperial Russia . The term is also applied metaphorically to an expected successor to any position of power, e.g. a political or corporate leader. This article primarily describes the term heir apparent in a hereditary system regulated by laws of primogeniture —it may be less applicable to cases where a monarch has a say in naming the heir (performed either while alive, e.g. crowning
1536-515: The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 . The eldest living child of a monarch is sometimes not the heir apparent or crown prince, because that position can be held by a descendant of a deceased older child who, by "right of representation", inherits the same place in the line of succession that would be held by the ancestor if he or she were still living (for example, Carl Gustaf, Duke of Jämtland
1600-831: The Volvo Ocean Race and visited projects supported by the World Childhood Foundation , such as the Abrigo Rainha Sílvia. In December, she paid a four-day official visit to Paris where she attended a French-Swedish soirée arranged by the Swedish Chamber of Commerce, the Swedish Trade Council and the Swedish Embassy, during which she also awarded the Prix d’Excellence 2006. The visit to Paris also included events with
1664-739: The West Coast of the United States , where she participated in the celebrations of the Nobel centenary. In 2002, she paid official visits to United States , Spain , Uganda , Ethiopia , and Kosovo where she visited Camp Victoria . In 2003, she made official visits to Egypt and the United States . In early 2004, she paid an official visit to Saudi Arabia , as a part of a large official business delegation from Sweden , and in October 2004, she travelled to Hungary . Crown Princess Victoria
1728-533: The papacy and Andorra , the eldest son or (more recently) eldest child of the current monarch fills the role of crown prince or princess, depending upon whether females of the dynasty enjoy personal succession rights . Male precedence has been abolished in Belgium , Denmark , Luxembourg , Norway , Sweden and the Netherlands , as well as in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms pursuant to
1792-706: The tsunami . In April 2005, Victoria made an official visit to Japan where she visited the Expo 2005 in Aichi , laid the foundation for a new IKEA store in Yokohama together with Princess Takamado and met with Emperor Akihito , Empress Michiko , Crown Prince Naruhito and Sayako Kuroda . In June 2005, Victoria travelled to Turkey on an official visit where she participated in the Swedish Business Seminar and Sweden Day celebrations in Ankara during
1856-547: The English or British throne; several times an heir apparent has died, but each example has either been childless or left a son or sons. However, there have been several female heirs apparent to British peerages (e.g. Frances Ward, 6th Baroness Dudley , and Henrietta Wentworth, 6th Baroness Wentworth ). In one special case, however, England and Scotland had a female heir apparent. The Revolution settlement that established William and Mary as joint monarchs in 1689 only gave
1920-602: The Honorary Board of the International Paralympic Committee . In 2011, it was announced that Victoria would continue working throughout her pregnancy. In 2012, she took her maternity leave one day prior to the birth of her daughter Estelle and her husband Daniel revealed that he would take his paternity leave and switch parental roles with Victoria when Estelle began preschool. In January 2016, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon appointed
1984-516: The King and Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt . Under the terms of the Swedish Act of Succession , the Government , upon the request of the King, gives the final consent for a dynastic marriage of a prince or princess of Sweden. The prince or princess otherwise loses their right to the throne. Later that day, it was confirmed that permission had been granted and that Victoria would marry Westling in
Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden - Misplaced Pages Continue
2048-507: The King and to uphold the laws and constitution of Sweden. Located on the dais in the background was the same silver throne on which her father was seated at his enthronement, in actual use from 1650 and up until this ceremony. As heir apparent to the throne, Victoria is a working member of the Swedish Royal Family with her own agenda of official engagements. Victoria attends the regular Advisory Council on Foreign Affairs and
2112-698: The Order of the Innocence's ball and the gala dinner for the incoming state visit from Austria surfaced in April 1997, the Royal Court decided to confirm her condition. After a press release from the Royal Court in November 1997 announced that Victoria had eating disorders, she moved to the United States where she received professional treatment and studied at Yale University . In June 1999, Victoria said, "It
2176-930: The Swedish Club in Paris , attendance at a church service in the Sofia Church (the Swedish church in Paris), a study visit to the OECD headquarters and meetings with the Secretary-General José Ángel Gurría , the Swedish Ambassador to the OECD, Gun-Britt Andersson , and other senior officials. She also attended a gala dinner hosted by La Fondation Pour L’Enfance at Versailles . She is a member of
2240-495: The adoption of absolute primogeniture by most of the Western European monarchies, examples of female heirs apparent include Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden, Princess Catharina-Amalia of the Netherlands, and Princess Elisabeth of Belgium; they are, respectively, the oldest children of Kings Carl XVI Gustaf , Willem-Alexander , and Philippe . Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway is heir apparent to her father, who
2304-560: The crown princess as a member of Sustainable Development Goals Advocates for Agenda 2030. The crown princess is therefore one of 16 ambassadors in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Advocacy Group. The group's task is to promote the UN's Sustainable Development Goals – Agenda 2030 – in various ways. The Crown Princess primarily works with issues concerning water and health. When Social Democrat Magdalena Andersson
2368-469: The decisive factor in dynastic succession, a person may not possess the title or status of crown prince by right of birth, but may obtain (and lose) it as a result of an official designation made on some other legal or traditional basis, such as former crown prince Hassan bin Talal of Jordan . Compare heir apparent and heir presumptive . In Scandinavian kingdoms, the heir presumptive to the crown may hold
2432-687: The first law in Western Europe to adopt royal absolute primogeniture . Victoria was born on 14 July 1977 at 21:45 CET at the Karolinska Hospital in Solna , Stockholm County , Sweden, and is the oldest child of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia . She is a member of the House of Bernadotte . Born as a princess of Sweden, she was designated crown princess in 1979 ( SFS 1979:932) ahead of her younger brother . Her place as first in
2496-433: The fund, a simple way to pay respects and do a good deed in one act. In 2006, The Crown Princess Victoria Fund raised a total of 5.5 million SEK. Every year Victoria visits one or several clubs or projects that have been granted money. These visits are not announced via the official royal diary but kept private; instead Sveriges Television often accompanies her and airs short programs from these visits at some time during
2560-530: The fundraising branch of Sveriges Television and Sveriges Radio . The fund's aim is to provide support for leisure and recreational activities for children and young people with functional disabilities or chronic illnesses. The Crown Princess Victoria Fund's means mainly derive from donations by the public, but large companies such as Arla Foods , Swedbank and AB Svenska Returpack are constant sponsor partners. Additional support comes from The Association of Swedish Bakers & Confectioners who every year arrange
2624-512: The goal of teaching the Crown Princess about military strategy and tactics, as well as preparing her for her future role as Head of State which includes representing the Armed Forces. Victoria was made crown princess on 1 January 1980 by the 1979 amendment to the Act of Succession of 1810 ( Successionsordningen ). This constitutional amendment introduced absolute primogeniture , meaning that
Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden - Misplaced Pages Continue
2688-543: The heir apparent for the remainder of William's reign. She eventually succeeded him as Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The position of an heir apparent is normally unshakable: it can be assumed they will inherit. Sometimes, however, extraordinary events—such as the death or the deposition of the parent—intervene. In some jurisdictions, an heir apparent can automatically lose that status by breaching certain constitutional rules. Today, for example: Crown princess A crown prince or hereditary prince
2752-573: The heir apparent to the throne was her younger brother, Carl Philip . He is now fourth in line to the throne, behind Victoria and her children. Victoria's declaration of majority took place in the Hall of State at the Royal Palace of Stockholm on 14 July 1995. As of the day she turned 18, she became eligible to act as Head of State when the King is not in country. Victoria made her first public speech on this occasion promising allegiance to her father
2816-429: The heir as a rex iunior , or through the monarch's will ). In a hereditary system governed by some form of primogeniture , an heir apparent is easily identifiable as the person whose position as first in the line of succession to a title or office is secure, regardless of future births. An heir presumptive , by contrast, can always be "bumped down" in the succession by the birth of somebody more closely related in
2880-457: The information councils with Government ministers headed by the King, and steps in as a temporary regent ( Riksföreståndare ) when needed. Victoria has made many official trips abroad as a representative of Sweden. Her first major official visit on her own was to Japan in 2001, where she promoted Swedish tourism, design, music, gastronomy and environmental sustainability during the "Swedish Style" event. That same year, Victoria also travelled to
2944-577: The line of succession formally went into effect on 1 January 1980 with the parliamentary change to the Act of Succession that introduced absolute primogeniture . Her given name, Victoria Ingrid Alice Désirée, honours various relatives. Her first name comes primarily from her great-great-grandmother Victoria of Baden , queen consort of Sweden. Her other names honour her great-aunt Ingrid of Sweden ; her maternal grandmother, Alice Soares de Toledo ; her ancestor Désirée Clary , queen consort of Sweden; and her paternal aunt and godmother, Princess Désirée . She
3008-420: The next apparent successor. But even in legal systems that apply male-preference primogeniture, female heirs apparent are by no means impossible: if a male heir apparent dies leaving no sons but at least one daughter, then the eldest daughter would replace her father as heir apparent to whatever throne or title is concerned, but only when it has become clear that the widow of the deceased is not pregnant. Then, as
3072-458: The power to continue the succession through issue to Mary II, elder daughter of the previous king, James II . William, by contrast, was to reign for life only, and his (hypothetical) children by a wife other than Mary would be placed in his original place (as Mary's first cousin) in the line of succession—after Mary's younger sister Anne . Thus, after Mary's death William continued to reign, but he had no power to beget direct heirs, and Anne became
3136-468: The representative of her father's line she would assume a place ahead of any more distant relatives. For example, had George, Prince of Wales (the future George IV) predeceased his father, King George III , between 1796 and 1817, the former's daughter, Princess Charlotte , being his only legitimate child, would have become heir apparent to the British throne. Such a situation has not to date occurred with
3200-401: The right to a place somewhere in the order of succession, but when it comes to what that place is, a female will rank behind her brothers regardless of their ages or her age. Thus, normally, even an only daughter will not be heir apparent, since at any time a brother might be born who, though younger, would assume that position. Hence, she is an heir presumptive. For example, Queen Elizabeth II
3264-486: The summer of 2010. The wedding date was set in Stockholm Cathedral for 19 June 2010, the 34th anniversary of her parents' marriage. Her engagement ring features a solitaire round brilliant-cut diamond mounted on white gold. The wedding took place on 19 June 2010. Guests including royalty and ambassadors from various countries were invited to the wedding ceremony which took place at Stockholm Cathedral. After
SECTION 50
#17327657236983328-473: The term "crown prince" is used in English (e.g. Crown Prince of Umm al-Quwain ). The term crown prince is not used in European monarchies if the hereditary sovereign holds a title below that of king/queen or emperor/empress (such as grand duke or prince ), although it is sometimes used as a synonym for heir apparent. In Europe, where primogeniture governed succession to all monarchies except those of
3392-465: The throne would be inherited by the monarch's eldest child regardless of gender. King Carl XVI Gustaf objected to the reform after it occurred—not because he objected to women entering the line of succession, but because he was upset about his son being stripped of the crown prince status he had held since birth. When she became heir, she also was made Duchess of Västergötland, one of the historical provinces of Sweden . Prior to this constitutional change,
3456-475: The wedding the newlyweds were driven through Stockholm in a coach and then rowed in the antique royal barge Vasaorden to the royal palace where the wedding banquet was held. On the evening before the wedding, there was a gala concert dedicated to the couple in the Stockholm Concert Hall . The couple have two children: Often referred to as the "Godmother of Europe", Crown Princess Victoria
3520-610: The year. Victoria's first boyfriend was Daniel Collert. They socialised in the same circles, went to the same school and were already friends when their romance developed in the mid-1990s. When Victoria moved to the United States in 1998 to study and recover from her eating disorders, Collert moved with her and settled in New York . In September 2000, Victoria's relationship with Collert was confirmed in an interview with her at Expo 2000 . The relationship ended in 2001. In May 2002, Swedish newspaper Expressen reported that Victoria had
3584-399: Was a really hard time. This kind of illness is hard, not only for the individual but also for the people close to him or her. Today I'm fine." In November 2002, the book Victoria, Victoria! came out, speaking further about her eating disorder. Victoria said: "I felt like an accelerating train, going right down... during the whole period. I had eating disorders and was aware of it, my anguish
3648-505: Was also the title borne by the heirs apparent to the thrones of the grand duchies, sovereign duchies and principalities , and of mediatized princely families in the German monarchies abolished in 1918. Many monarchies use or did use substantive titles for their heirs apparent, often of historical origin: Some monarchies have used (although not always de jure ) a territorial title for heirs apparent which, though often perceived as
3712-511: Was baptised at the Royal Palace Church on 27 September 1977. Her godparents were Crown Prince Harald of Norway (later king of Norway ), her maternal uncle, Ralf Sommerlath, Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands (later queen of the Netherlands, 1980–2013), and her aunt Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld . The Crown Princess was confirmed in the summer of 1992 at Räpplinge church on the island of Öland. Victoria studied for
3776-531: Was elected as Swedens first female prime minister in 2021, Victoria stated that it was “about time” and that Andersson would become an “important symbol”. When Sweden became a member of NATO in 2024, the crown princess attended Sweden's flag-raising ceremony outside the NATO Headquarters in Brussels . The Crown Princess Victoria's Fund was set up in 1997 and is run as a part of Radiohjälpen ,
3840-538: Was enormous. I really hated how I looked like, how I was... I, Victoria, didn't exist. It felt like everything in my life and around me was controlled by others. The one thing I could control was the food I put in me". She further said that "What happened cost and I was the one who stood for the payments. Now I'm feeling well and with the insights I've acquired through this I can hopefully help someone else". Victoria has prosopagnosia , which makes it difficult to recognize familiar faces. In an interview in 2008, she called it
3904-507: Was given her own household in October 2004. It is headed by the Marshal of the Court, and serves to coordinate the official engagements of The Crown Princess. In January 2005, Victoria made a long official visit to Australia , promoting Swedish style and businesses, and in April she visited Bangladesh and Sri Lanka to follow aid work and become informed about the work in the aftermath of
SECTION 60
#17327657236983968-482: Was heir presumptive during the reign of her father, King George VI ; had George fathered a legitimate son, then that child would have displaced Elizabeth in the line of succession and become heir apparent. However, a granddaughter could for example be heir apparent if she were the only daughter of the deceased eldest son of the sovereign (e.g. Queen Elizabeth II would have been heir apparent to George V if her oldest uncle and father both had died before their father). In
4032-417: Was pregnant at the moment of his death, since such a posthumous child, regardless of its sex, would have displaced Victoria from the throne. Adelaide was 44 at the time, so pregnancy was possible even if unlikely. Daughters (and their lines) may inherit titles that descend according to male-preference primogeniture, but only in default of sons (and their heirs). That is, both female and male offspring have
4096-458: Was the crown prince of Sweden from 1950 to 1973, as the senior grandson by male primogeniture of King Gustaf VI Adolf , although the former Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland was Gustaf VI Adolf's eldest living son, and Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland his eldest living dynastic son during those years). In some monarchies, those of the Middle East for example, in which primogeniture is not
#697302