93-665: Kadapa district (officially: YSR district ; formerly: Cuddapah district ) is one of the twenty six districts in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . In the 2022 reorganisation of Andhra Pradesh districts, the district boundary was largely restricted to the Kadapa parliamentary constituency area. It is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region. Kadapa is the administrative headquarters for this district. Barytes, limestone, asbestos and uranium are major mineral resources of
186-405: A state government . The governing powers of the states are shared between the state government and the union government . On the other hand, the union territories are directly governed by the union government. The Indian Empire was a very complex political entity consisting of various imperial divisions and states and territories of varying autonomy. At the time of its establishment in 1876, it
279-450: A Punjabi adventurer in the army of Mysore. The contemporary British Raj sources of Hyder Ali describe him as a Punjabi. The exact date of Hyder Ali's birth is not known with certainty. He was born to Fath Muhammad . Various historical sources provide dates ranging between 1717 and 1722 for his birth. His father, Fath Muhammad, was born in Kolar , and served as a commander of 50 men in
372-546: A capacity of 1650MW is one of the biggest coal based power plant. It is near to Proddatur . The district has 29 large and medium scale industries with an investment of Rs. 10,22,943 crores providing employment to 19,410. It also has 2335 small scale units employing 21,294 persons with an investment of Rs. 688.59 Cr. Tummalapalle uranium mine was commissioned in 2012 to extract Uranium from ore. The district has 864.02 km (536.88 mi) of State Highway and 325.28 km (202.12 mi) of National Highway. The district
465-809: A cavalry commander Lutf Ali Beg as fleet commander. Owing to a British bluff, Lutf Ali Beg also withdrew much of the Mangalore garrison to move on what he perceived to be the British target, Onore . The British consequently captured Mangalore with minimal opposition in February. This activity, combined with the loss of the Nizam as an ally, prompted Hyder Ali to withdraw from the Carnatic, and move with speed to Malabar. Dispatching his son Tipu with an advance force, Hyder Ali followed, and eventually re-took Mangalore and
558-540: A church at Seringapatam, where French generals used to offer prayers and priests used to visit. Mangalorean historian A. L. P. D'Souza mentions that Hyder also had Christians in his administration. Pursuant to treaties concluded with the Portuguese, he also allowed Portuguese priests to settle disputes among Christians. However, many Mangaloreans (not just Christians) disliked him for the heavy tax burden he imposed on them. The Maratha Confederacy had just been routed at
651-488: A conspiracy, Khande Rao fled into Seringapatam. After a minor battle against the now-leaderless army, Hyder Ali took over most of its remnants and surrounded Seringapatam. The ensuing negotiations left Hyder Ali in nearly complete military control of Mysore. Concessions that he extracted included the surrender of Khande Rao, who Hyder Ali imprisoned in Bangalore. Hyder Ali became king of Mysore in 1761 after overthrowing
744-494: A few lesser outposts, he besieged Ambur in November 1767, forcing the British to resume campaigning. The British garrison commander refused large bribes offered by Hyder Ali in exchange for surrender, and the arrival of a relief column in early December forced Hyder Ali to lift the siege. He retreated northward, covering the movements of the Nizam's forces, but was disheartened when an entire corps of European cavalry deserted to
837-678: A former ally of the French, Hyder Ali expected the support of the British against the Marathas, but such support never materialized. In 1766 Mysore began to become drawn into territorial and diplomatic disputes between the Nizam of Hyderabad and the East India Company , which had by then become the dominant European power on the Eastern Indian coast. The Nizam, seeking to deflect the company from their attempts to gain control of
930-402: A large treasury. He renamed the capital Haidernagar, and began styling himself Hyder Ali Khan Bahadur , a title that had been bestowed on him by Salabat Jung as reward for his taking of Sira. He moved most of his family to Ikkeri, a natural fortress, in the hopes that it would "serve him for a safe refuge". He assumed the trappings of the ruler of Bednore, began issuing coins, and established
1023-400: A major share to the economy. Paddy, Groundnut, Sunflower, Cotton, Betel Leaves, Mango, Papaya, Banana, Lemon and Sweet Orange are the major crops cultivated in the district. As per 2019-20, the gross cropped area in the district is 2,53,458 hectares, out of which 1,14,410 hectares were irrigated. Starting at Sunkesula Dam on Tungabadra river Kurnool - Cuddapa Canal ( K. C. Canal ) flows through
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#17327908166621116-545: A place in Kadapa district history; the remnants of a buried Jain temple were found at Danavulapadu village on the banks of the Penna. In the later half of 13th Century, this region was ruled from Vallur by Ambadeva. During his rule, the land survey was carried out. Subsequently, a Kakatiya King Pratapa rudra ruled the district with Warangal as the capital. Jyothi village located in Siddavatam mandal has 108 Shiva lingas on
1209-412: A population of 20,60,654, of which 809,290 (39.27%) lived in urban areas. Kadapa district had a sex ratio of 985 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 3,37,860 (16.40%) and 40,994 (2.03%) of the population respectively. Hinduism is the dominant religion with 83.02% followers followed by Islam with 15.40% followers. Languages of Kadapa district based on 2011 Census Based on
1302-583: A role in Hyder Ali's rise in power. In 1757, Hyder Ali was called to Srirangapatna to support Devaraja against threats from Hyderabad and the Marathas . Upon his arrival he found the Mysorean army in disarray and near mutiny over pay. While Devaraja bought his way out of the threats to Srirangapatna, Hyder Ali arranged for the army to be paid and arrested the ringleaders of the mutiny. In 1757, to resist
1395-464: A sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States". The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states: Andhra State was created on 1 October 1953 from the Telugu -speaking northern districts of Madras State . The French enclave of Chandernagore was transferred to West Bengal in 1954. In the same year Pondicherry , comprising
1488-635: A system of weights and measures. He made sure his son Tipu received a quality education, "employing learned tutors" and "appointing a suitable hand of attendants" to see to his upbringing. He cultivated a suspicion of foreigners, specifically refusing to allow the East India Company to have a resident at his court. His security, however, was not assured in Bednore: a bout of illness and a widespread conspiracy against him convinced him that it would not make an ideal capital for his domain, and he returned to Mysore. The taking of Bednore included several ports on
1581-508: Is also known to have personally served alongside de Bussy, and is believed to have met both Muzaffar Jung and Chanda Shahib . In these early wars he also came to dislike and mistrust Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah , the Nawab of the Carnatic . In fact Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah and the Mysorean leaders were long at odds with each other, seeking territorial gains at the other's expense. Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah had by then formed an alliance with
1674-418: Is given below. There are 1 municipal corporation, 5 municipalities, 2 nagar panchayats in the district. ^ upgraded in 2019 The district is covered by Kadapa (fully) and Rajampet (partially) parliamentary constituencies. The assembly constituencies covering the district are given below. Kadapa district is considered to be a bastion of the ruling YSR Congress party. Agriculture contributes
1767-416: Is having 6174.69 KMs of BT roads 727.03 of CC road and 1458.48 KMs of Metal roads. National Highway 40 , National Highway 716 and National Highway 67 pass through the district. The district has broad-gauge railway line of 195.13 km (121.25 mi). There are 14 railway stations covering 7 Mandals. Kadapa , Yerraguntla Junction , Proddatur and Jammalamadugu are the major railway stations from
1860-583: Is spread over March–May. This is followed by the South-West monsoon during June - September. North East monsoon season is spread over October–November. December–February is the winter or cold season. The average annual rainfall is 572.25 mm. The rainfall generally increases from the North-West to the South-East. October is the month with maximum rainfall. After reorganization,the district had
1953-503: Is thought to be of Arab ancestry. According to this tradition, his ancestors were Nawayath Arab from Quraysh tribe, who arrived in India through sea-route and later came to South India from Delhi during the reign of Muhammad Adil Shah or were settled in Punjab , before moving to South India. According to another school of historians, Hyder Ali was of Punjabi origin, and was
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#17327908166622046-803: The Crown Colony of Burma . In 1947, the last Act of the Crown was passed. The act dissolved the Indian Empire, the Imperial Legislative Council and the Chamber of Princes and the Union of India was consequently established from 9 former Indian provinces ( East Punjab , United Provinces , Central Provinces , Madras , Bombay , Bihar , Orissa , West Bengal and Assam ) and 562 former Indian states. Between 1947 and 1950,
2139-699: The Northern Circars , made overtures to Hyder Ali to launch an invasion of the Carnatic . Company representatives also appealed to Hyder Ali, but he rebuffed to them. The Nizam then ostensibly struck a deal with the Company administration in the Madras Presidency for their support, but apparently did so with the expectation that when Hyder Ali was prepared for war, the deal with the British would be broken. This diplomatic manoeuvring resulted in
2232-572: The Third Battle of Panipat by Ahmad Shah Durrani and the Mughals had been restored in the year 1761. The Maratha Empire was very vulnerable and feeble to any attack and the Peshwa 's power had been almost eliminated in all of Northern India. At this point in his life Hyder Ali decided to go to war with the Marathas and put an end to the threat they posed to his power. He therefore attacked
2325-607: The bamboo rocket artillery (mainly used for signalling) in the army of the Nawab of Carnatic . Fath Muhammad eventually entered the service of the Wodeyar Rajas of the Kingdom of Mysore , where he rose to become a powerful military commander. The Wodeyars awarded him Budikote as a jagir (land grant), where he then served as naik (Lord). Hyder Ali was born in Budikote , today in Kolar district , Karnataka ; he
2418-479: The 2011 census, as computed for the revised district boundaries of 2022, 84.66% of the population spoke Telugu and 14.37% Urdu as their first language. The district is divided into 4 revenue divisions: Badvel , Jammalamadugu , Kadapa and Pulivendula , which are further subdivided into a total of 36 mandals , each headed by a sub-collector. The list of 36 mandals in YSR district, divided into 4 revenue divisions,
2511-548: The 3,000 men from his garrison at Bangalore , toward Seringapatam. They clashed with Khande Rao's forces before reaching the capital. Khande Rao, with 11,000 men, won the battle, and Hyder Ali was forced to apply to the exiled Nanjaraj for support. Nanjaraj gave him command of his army, and the title of Dalwai. With this force, Hyder Ali again moved out against Khande Rao. Hyder Ali sent letters appearing to be from Nanjaraj to some of Khande Rao's commanders, confirming their agreement to hand Khande Rao over to Hyder Ali . Fearing
2604-428: The British commander at Changama, Colonel Joseph Smith, eventually retreated to Tiruvannamalai for supplies and reinforcements. There Hyder Ali was decisively repulsed on 26 September 1767. With the onset of the monsoon season, Hyder Ali opted to continue campaigning rather than adopting the usual practice of suspending operations because of the difficult conditions the weather created for armies. After over-running
2697-476: The British, and he was accused by Hyder Ali in later years of effectively preventing him from making any sort of long-lasting alliances or agreements with the British. Throughout the Carnatic Wars , Hyder Ali and his Mysore battalions served alongside French commanders such as Joseph Francois Dupleix , Count de Lally and de Bussy, he also assisted Chanda Sahib on various occasions. Hyder Ali supported
2790-534: The British, but was rebuffed. In early 1768, the Bombay Presidency in Bombay organised an expedition to Mysore's Malabar coast territories. Hyder Ali's fleet, which the British reported as numbering about ten ships, deserted en masse, apparently because the captains were unhappy with the oustering of their British admirals and some even demanded the return of Ali Raja Kunhi Amsa II , but Hyder Ali chose
2883-555: The British. The failures of this campaign, combined with successful British advances in the Northern Circars and secret negotiations between the British and the Nizam Asaf Jah II , led to a split between Hyder Ali and the Nizam. The latter withdrew back to Hyderabad and eventually negotiated a new treaty with the British company in 1768. Hyder Ali, apparently seeking an end to the conflict, made peace overtures to
Kadapa district - Misplaced Pages Continue
2976-515: The Deccan with partial investiture from the "Great Moghul" of that period . After serving for a number of years under the rulers of Arcot , they came to Srirangapatna , where Hyder's uncle served. He introduced them to Devaraja, the dalwai (chief minister, military leader, and Commander-in-chief ) of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II , and Nanjaraja, Devaraja' brother who also held important ministerial posts. Hyder and his brother were both given commands in
3069-587: The European captains. Hyder had amicable relations with the Christian population in Mangalore, which had long been under Portuguese influence and had a sizeable Roman Catholic population, and with Christians in general. He had a very close friendship with two Goan Catholic clergymen, Bishop Noronha and Fr. Joachim Miranda, and allowed a Protestant missionary to live at his court. Hyder's army also included Catholic soldiers, and he allowed Christians to build
3162-474: The Government of India introduced legislation to merge the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli into a single union territory to be known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu , effective from 26 January 2020. Ladakh UT The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any state between
3255-491: The Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished. In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while erstwhile union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu 's northern exclaves Damão and Diu became a separate union territory as Daman and Diu . In November 2000, three new states were created, namely: Pondicherry was renamed Puducherry in 2007 and Orissa
3348-509: The Malabar coast, including Mangalore . Hyder used these ports to establish a small navy. The documentary record on the navy is fragmentary; Portuguese records indicate that the fleet was launched sometime between 1763 and 1765. It was apparently officered by Europeans, and its first admiral was an Englishman; by 1768 its admiral was a Mysorean cavalry officer named Ali Bey (or Lutf Ali Beg), apparently chosen by Hyder because he did not trust
3441-587: The Mangalorean Catholics for their treachery. The Portuguese officer suggested the death penalty for those Catholics who helped the British as a typical punishment for the betrayal of one's sovereign in Catholic nations. But Hyder Ali exhibited a diplomatic stance and instead imprisoned those Christians who were condemned for treachery. He afterwards opened negotiations with the Portuguese, and reached an agreement with them that removed suspicion from
3534-744: The Maratha-aligned Rani of Bednore. She had appealed to the Nawab of Savanur for assistance when Hyder invaded. Hyder consequently threatened the Nawab, attempting to extort tribute from him. Failing in this, he overran that territory, reaching as far as Dharwad , north of the Tungabhadra River . Since Savanur was a tributary of the Marathas, the Peshwa, Madhavrao I , countered with a strong force and defeated Hyder near Rattihalli and in decisive Battle of Jadi Hanwati . Following
3627-607: The Mysorean army in support of Nasir Jung. The army went to Devanhalli , where the Mysoreans participated in the Siege of Devanahalli Fort. The fort was held by Muzaffar Jung's forces and the siege was conducted by the Marquis de Bussy . During the successful eight-month siege, Hyder Ali and his brother distinguished themselves, and were rewarded by the dalwai with enlarged commands. In the wars against Hyder Ali in 1751 and during
3720-640: The Mysorean army; Hyder served under Shahbaz, commanding 100 cavalry and 2,000 infantry. In 1748, Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I , the longtime Nizam of Hyderabad , died. The struggle to succeed him is known as the Second Carnatic War , and pitted Asaf Jah's son Nasir Jung against a nephew, Muzaffar Jung . Both sides were supported by other local leaders, and French and British forces were also involved. Devaraja had started vesting more military authority in his brother, and in 1749 Nanjaraja marched
3813-463: The Mysorean highlands. Mysore's titular ruler Krishnaraja died in April 1766, while Hyder was in Malabar. Hyder had left orders that Krishnaraja's son Nanjaraja Wodeyar be invested should that happen, and he only later came to formally pay his respects to the new rajah. He took advantage of this opportunity to engage in a sort of house cleaning: the raja's palace was plundered, and its staff reduced to
Kadapa district - Misplaced Pages Continue
3906-564: The Union and that state. Hyder Ali Hyder Ali ( Haidar'alī ; حيدرعلى ; Kannada: [hɐi̯d̪ɐr ɐliː] c. 1720 – 7 December 1782) was the Sultan and de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India . Born as Hyder Ali, he distinguished himself as a soldier, eventually drawing the attention of Mysore's rulers. Rising to the post of Dalavayi ( commander-in-chief ) to Krishnaraja Wodeyar II , he came to dominate
3999-527: The Zamorin set fire to his palace and perished in the flames, ending Eradi dynastic rule of Calicut. After establishing control of Calicut, Hyder departed, but was forced to return several months later when the Nairs rebelled against the rule of his lieutenant, Reza Sahib. Hyder's response was harsh: after putting down the rebellion, many rebels were executed, and thousands of others were forcibly relocated to
4092-552: The bank of the river Penna which are dated to the rule of Kakatiyas. In A.D.1309, Allah-ud-din Khilji defeated PratapaRudra and took over the region. In 1344, the confederation of Hindu kings overthrew the Muslim rule. This led to the formation of Vijayanagar Empire , who ruled the area for two centuries. Gandikota fort located on the bank of the Penna river was the citadel of Pemmasani Nayaks , commanders of Vijayanagar army. After
4185-649: The claims of Muzaffar Jung and later sided with Salabat Jung . Early in his career, Hyder Ali retained as one of his chief financial assistants a Brahmin named Khande Rao . Hyder Ali, who was illiterate, was reported to be blessed with a prodigious memory and numerical acumen. Hyder Ali could rival or outperform expert accountants with his great arithmetic skills and worked to develop a system, with Rao, that included checks and balances so that all manner of income, including plunder of physical goods of all types, could be accounted for with little possibility for fraud or embezzlement. This financial management may have played
4278-532: The course of its history upto medieval period. Later on it was ruled as part of British East India company. Many paleolithic sites were found in Kadapa district, as the surroundings of Jammalamadugu, Mailavaram Dam and Gandikota. Some megalithic burial sites were explored near Porumamilla, Sankhavaram and at Yellatur village near Kadapa. The surroundings of Vontimitta are also noted as Megalithic cultural sites. Paleolithic rock paintings found at Chintakunta caves near Muddanur in Kadapa district are said to be
4371-578: The decade 2001–2011 was 10.87%. It has a sex ratio of 984 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67.88%. The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the district for FY 2013-14 is ₹ 26,342 crore (US$ 3.2 billion) and contributes 5% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) . For the FY 2013–14, the per capita income at current prices was ₹ 70,821 (US$ 850). The primary , secondary and tertiary sectors of
4464-501: The defunct Bengal Presidency for judicial and legal purposes. Agra was separated in 1878 and merged with Oudh . The Bengal Presidency was re-established in 1912 as a governorship. All these provinces had their own legislatures established by the Indian Councils Acts, and high courts established by Indian High Courts Acts. Laws passed by these legislatures needed the dual assent of the governor or lieutenant-governor of
4557-594: The district contribute ₹ 6,204 crore (US$ 740 million), ₹ 6,935 crore (US$ 830 million) and ₹ 13,203 crore (US$ 1.6 billion) respectively. Kadapa district occupies an area of 11,228 square kilometres (4,335 sq mi). This district is bordered on north by Nandyal district , south by Annamayya district , east by SPS Nellore district and west by Sri Sathya Sai district and Anantapur district . The main rivers in this district are Penna , Kundu , Chitravathi , Papagni , and Sagileru . Vellikonda, Palakonda, Nallamalai, Lankamalai and Yerramalai are
4650-591: The district providing water to 40 km (15 sq mi) of cultivable land. The main source of drinking water to this district is Galeru Nagari Sujala Sravanthi Project Canal. There is one major irrigation project on the river Penna at Mylavaram. There are 4 medium irrigation projects namely Lower Sagileru Project, Upper Sagileru Project, BrahmamSagar Project and Pulivendula Branch Canal. These form several reservoirs such as Brahmamsagar Reservoir, Mylavaram Dam Reservoir, Annamayya Project reservoir and Gandikota Reservoir . Rayalaseema Thermal Power Station with
4743-684: The district under Guntakal railway division . Kadapa Airport is a small airport located north west to Kadapa city. Tirupati Airport is the nearest bigger airport at a distance of 139 Kms from Kadapa city. The district has 2001 Primary Schools, 468 Upper Primary Schools, 683 High Schools, 142 Junior Colleges, 48 Degree Colleges. It also has 120 Polytechnics, Engineering colleges and Govt. Aided Professional & Special Education Colleges. Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) , one Dental college, one Homoeopathic Medical college, one Veterinary college and one IIIT centre at Rajiv Knowledge Valley, Idupulapaya of Vempalle mandal are also present in
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#17327908166624836-405: The district. JNTUA College of Engineering, Pulivendula is one of the government engineering colleges in the district. Yogi Vemana University offers P.G. courses for general education. CP Brown library in Kadapa is famous for its collection of manuscripts collected by CP Brown. Siddavatam (Sidhout) at a distance of 25 Km Kadapa town is famous for its fort and temples. Matli Maharajas built
4929-780: The district. Fertile black clay soil occupies 23.7% area. Barytes, Lime Stone and Asbestos are the major minerals. Napa slabs, road metal, building stone, marble, are also found in the district. Limestone is available in Yerraguntla. National Mineral Development Corporation is extracting asbestos in Brahman palli and barytes in Mangampet. Kadapa is also famous for its stone called "kadapa stone" used in building construction and for slabs especially in south India. In Tummalapalle, there are 49,000 tonnes of confirmed uranium deposits which are mined and processed locally. The summer season
5022-509: The district. The district is home to many religious and historic places of interest. Kodandarama Temple at Vontimetta, Chennakesava temple of Pushpagiri , Siddavatam Fort and Gandikota gorge are some of the famous places. The old records of the district reveal that Kadapa was previously called Gadapa which translated in Telugu to threshold . The ancient village of Kadapa with its large tank and temple of Lord Venkateswara at Devuni Kadapa
5115-481: The district. This region was transferred to Nizam by the treaties of Mysore and Srirangapatnam . Nizam of Hyderabad ceded it to the British in 1800, and in 1808 it was divided to form Kadapa (spelt Cuddapah by the British) and Bellary districts. Munro was appointed as principal Collector over the ceded districts. Munro subjugated over 80 Palegars, instituted revenue collection system through which he secured
5208-603: The fall of Vijayanagar kingdom, this region came under the rule of Qutub shahis, who later became part of Mughal empire. As part of Qutub Shahi rule, Riza Quli Beg under the title of Nek naam Khan and his successors ruled the region with certain degree of autonomy. Later Abdul Nabi Khan was appointed as the governor of the district in the year 1714. The Marathas invaded and defeated the nawabs of Kurnool and Kadapa in 1740. Hyder Ali took over Gurramkonda and Kadapa from Marathas in 1760. He appointed his brother-in-law Mir Saheb in Kadapa district. Thus Mir Saheb became son first ruler of
5301-714: The faraway Third Battle of Panipat , in which the Marathas suffered a major defeat on 14 January 1761. Because of this loss, the Marathas withdrew forces from Mysore and Hyder Ali's brother-in-law Makdum Ali chased them into Bidnur and Sunda. Hyder Ali soon consolidated his strength by placing Mirza Sahib as the commander of Sira, a Sufi Pir Ibrahim Sahib (maternal uncle of Hyder Ali) in Bangalore and Amin Sahib his cousin in Basnagar. Soon afterward Hyder Ali marched alongside Makdum Ali's forces, which numbered about 6,000, along with
5394-481: The finances. The district headquarters were situated in Siddavatam but moved to Kadapa in 1812. On April 4, 2022, Annamayya district was formed from the parts of erstwhile YSR Kadapa district and others. As of 2011 census , Kadapa district has a population of 2,884,524. This gives it a ranking of 132 in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 188 inhabitants per square kilometre (490/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over
5487-587: The former French enclaves of Pondichéry , Karikal , Yanaon and Mahé , was transferred to India. This became a union territory in 1962. Also in 1954, pro-India forces liberated the Portuguese-held enclaves of Dadrá and Nagar Aveli , declaring the short-lived de facto state of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli . In 1961, India annexed it as the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli . The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 reorganised
5580-420: The fort in A.D.1303. Hyder Ali destroyed it in 1770. The fort is spread over an area of 30 acres and has 17 bastions. It is called the southern gate way of Srisailam . Brahmamgari Matham (B. Mattam), is the place where SreeVeerabrahmendra Swamy, a 17th century saint and clairvoyant entered Jeevasamadhi. The annual prayer festival is held for 6 days in the month of Vysakha. Kodandarama Temple dedicated to
5673-520: The god Rama , is located in Vontimitta . The temple is built in Vijayanagara architectural style and is dated to the 16th century. This inspired Pothana to compose Andhra Maha Bhagavatham. It is located at a distance of 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Kadapa . Some of the other tourist attractions are Chennakesava temple of Pushpagiri , Madhavaraya temple at Gandikota . Gandikota gorge
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#17327908166625766-573: The interior areas of Nallamalas, Lankamalas, Palakonda-Seshachalam and Velikonda forests. mungoose, jackal, fox, wolves, wild dogs, bear, the Malabar squirrel, porcupine, the Indian antelope, Indian gazelle, Blue bull, sambar, deer and wild pigs are also found in the forests. Grey partridge known as Kamju, the quail, the Jungle fowl, the dove, pigeon and wild goose are the other common birds found in this district. Red ferruginous and Black soils are common in
5859-741: The invasion of the Zamorin of Calicut – an East India Company ally at the time, the Palakkad Raja sought the help of Hyder Ali. Hyder Ali then led campaigns against the Zamorin of Calicut in the Malabar Coast of India. In 1766, Hyder Ali defeated the Zamorin of Kozhikode and absorbed Kozhikode into his state. The smaller princely states in northern and north-central parts of modern-day state of Kerala ( Malabar region ) including Kolathunadu , Kottayam , Kadathanadu , Kozhikode , Tanur , Valluvanad , and Palakkad were unified under
5952-462: The major hill ranges in the district. The forests of Kadapa comprise fuel forests up to an elevation of 800 feet, red sanders lying between the elevation of 800 feet and 2,000 feet and Shorea Eugenia at elevations of more than 2,000 feet. The district has a forest cover of 28.49%. The Bonnet monkey (Macaca Radiata) also known as the Madras Langur is common. Tiger and Panther can be seen in
6045-488: The other ports held by the over-extended British forces. He also levied additional taxes as punishment against local malabari Nair chieftains which were then stripped of rights and authority. After his reconquest, Hyder Ali learned that the Mangalorean Catholics had helped the British in their conquest of Mangalore, behaviour he considered treasonous. He summoned a Portuguese officer and several Christian priests from Mangalore to suggest an appropriate punishment to impose on
6138-636: The point where virtually everyone employed there was also a spy for Hyder Ali. After the Battle of Buxar , the British, led by Hector Monro , decided to support the Maratha Confederacy against the Shah Alam II , the Nawabs and Mysore. As the power struggle between Mysore and the Peshwa continued it soon began to involve the British and other European trading companies. Being himself
6231-440: The prime minister and making the king, Krishnaraja Wodeyar II, a prisoner in his own palace. Hyder Ali formally styled himself Sultan Hyder Ali Khan in his correspondence with the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II . Hyder Ali retained his title during the first Anglo-Mysore War that raged in 1766, and onwards. He was very cautious in his diplomacy with the Nizam of Hyderabad , who was, according to an official Mughal firman ,
6324-472: The province and the governor-general of India , who functioned as the representative of the Emperor . In addition to these, there were certain territories ruled directly by the Government of India through nominated chief commissioners. These were former independent states annexed to India and since ruled directly by the Supreme Government. A vast majority of the Indian states in the late nineteenth century were, in terms of imperial divisions, organised within
6417-404: The provinces with only territories under direct Crown rule. The latter years of the Indian Empire saw the enactment of the last Government of India Act by the Crown. This act granted full autonomy to Indian provinces. Provincial laws no longer needed the assent of the governor-general. This act created the office of a Premier in each province, who functioned as the new head of government and
6510-572: The provinces. However a good number of states were organised into imperial structures called agencies, or residencies. An Agent to the Governor-General (AGG) functioned as the Emperor's representative to all the states in the agency. In 1919, the fourth Government of India was enacted by the Crown. This saw many major changes. The legislatures of the provinces were made elected ones rather than nominated ones. Some provinces were given bicameral legislatures . All provinces were elevated to governorships and all lieutenant governors were made governors. Burma
6603-468: The raja of Cannanore , who sought independence from the Zamorin , the ruler of Calicut who held sway over Cannanore. Hyder also claimed a debt of tribute from the Zamorin, who had supported Hyder's opponents in earlier campaigns . After a difficult campaign, Hyder reached Calicut, where the Zamorin, after promising to make payment, failed to deliver. Hyder placed the Zamorin under house arrest and had his finance minister tortured. Fearing similar treatment,
6696-640: The representative of the Emperor to that province and head of government of the directly ruled territories in the province. The governor or lieutenant-governor also served as the Emperor's representative to the constituent states of the province. The first three of the lieutenant-governorships were territories annexed to India from other powers and temporarily governed by the erstwhile Bengal Presidency, before being made into their own separate provinces. Agra and Bengal were still considered de jure parts of
6789-413: The rulers of Mysore and were made a part of the larger Kingdom of Mysore . For his role in these activities Hyder Ali was rewarded by Devaraja with the jaghir (regional governorship) of Bangalore . In 1758 Hyder Ali successfully forced the Marathas to lift a siege of Bangalore. Hyder Ali's forces entered the city, thus capturing it. By 1759 Hyder Ali was in command of the entire Mysorean army. In
6882-617: The second largest group of paintings in India after Bhimbetika rock art paintings. The rock paintings with mystic figures are also found at Dappalle village near Mylavaram Dam in Jammalamadugu Taluk of the district. This region was ruled by the Mauryan Empire and the Satavahana Empire (Andhras) . Buddhism flourished for many years along the banks of the rivers Cheyyeru and Penna . Jainism also had
6975-479: The siege of Tiruchirappalli in 1752, Thondaiman sent 400 cavalry and 3000 Kallar infantry to Tiruchirappalli to support the British and the Nawab of Arcot. By 1755 Hyder Ali commanded 3,000 infantry and 1,500 cavalry, and was reported to be enriching himself on campaigns by plunder. In that year he was also appointed Faujdar (military commander) of Dindigul . In this position he first retained French advisers to organise and train his artillery companies. He
7068-481: The sovereign of all Muslim-ruled territories in southern India. The English and the Marathas continued to refer to Hyder Ali and later his son Tipu Sultan as " nabobs ". Over the next few years Hyder expanded his territories to the north. Two key acquisitions were Sira , taken from the Marathas, and the kingdom of Bednore , where as a casus belli he agreed to support a claimant to its throne against usurpers. In 1763 he took its capital, Ikkeri , which included
7161-606: The start of the First Anglo-Mysore War in August 1767 when a company outpost at Changama was attacked by a combined Mysore-Hyderabad army under Hyder Ali's command. Despite significantly outnumbering the British force (British estimates place the allied army size at 70,000 to the British 7,000), the allies were repulsed with heavy losses. Hyder Ali moved on to capture Kaveripattinam after two days of siege, while
7254-495: The states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states. As a result of this act: Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act. The former Union Territory of Nagaland achieved statehood on 1 December 1963. The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and
7347-552: The territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the new Indian Union . Most were merged into existing provinces. Others were organised into new provinces and states , such as Rajasthan , Himachal Pradesh , Malwa Union , Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States Union , and Patiala and East Punjab States Union , made up of multiple princely states. A few, including Mysore , Hyderabad , Bhopal , and Bilaspur , became separate states. The new Constitution of India , which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India
7440-466: The title of Fath Hyder Bahadur or Nawab Hyder Ali Khan . Hyder Ali is also known to be the first ruler of Mysore to be granted the title of Nawab, thus it can be said that he was briefly the "Nawab of Mysore" by 1759. Because of the ongoing conflicts with the Marathas the Mysorean treasury was virtually bankrupted, prompting the queen mother to force into exile Nanjaraj, who had assumed the position of dalwai upon his brother's death in 1758. Hyder Ali
7533-618: The titular monarch and the Mysore government. He became the de facto ruler, King of Mysore as Sarvadhikari (Chief Minister) by 1761. During intermittent conflicts against the East India Company during the First and Second Anglo–Mysore Wars , Hyder Ali was the military leader. Though illiterate, Hyder Ali concluded an alliance with the French , and used the services of French workmen in raising his artillery and arsenal. His rule of Mysore
7626-415: The transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh . The act designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana. Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969. The north-eastern states of Manipur , Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972. Mysore State was renamed Karnataka in 1973. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of
7719-467: The victory the Marathas restored their power under the reign of Madhavrao Peshwa. The Maratha victory forced Hyder to retreat; he had to abandon Bednore, although he was able to remove its treasures to Seringapatam. Hyder paid 35 lakhs rupees in tribute to end the war, and returned most of his gains, although he did retain Sira. In 1766 Hyder Ali returned to the Malabar , this time at the invitation of
7812-437: The year 1759, Balaji Baji Rao launched a military expedition against Bangalore and Channapatna, with Gopal Hari and Anand Rao leading the forces. However, Hyder Ali managed to defeat the much larger Maratha army with a smaller force. As a result, Channapatna and the surrounding districts were incorporated into the Mysore territory. The young King of Mysore Krishnaraja Wodeyar II rewarded Hyder Ali's performance by granting him
7905-495: Was Fath Muhammad 's fifth child, and the second by his third wife Razia Bibi, a sister of sufi pir Ibrahim Saheb, whose ancestors were Arab Nawayath . His early years are not well documented; he entered military service along with his brother Shahbaz after their father died in combat. Although Hyder Ali was from Mysore his early loyalties were to the Nizam of Hyderabad , through whom Hyder Ali and his companions became Sepoys in
7998-414: Was a beneficiary of this action, rising in influence in the court. In 1760, the queen mother conspired with Khande Rao, who had gone into the raja's service, to oust Hyder Ali. He was precipitously forced out of Seringapatam, leaving his family, including his son Tipu Sultan , under house arrest. The sudden departure left Hyder Ali with few resources. He may have been fortuitously aided at this time by
8091-624: Was a convenient camping place for the myriads of pilgrims travelling to the holy shrine of Tirupati . On 19 August 2005, the nomenclature of "Cuddapah" was changed to "Kadapa" by the Government of A.P. It was renamed as Y.S.R District during the year 2010, in honour of Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy , the former chief minister of United Andhra Pradesh . This region was part of Maurya empire , Satavahana dynasty , Chola dynasty , Pallava dynasty , Pandya dynasty , Bana kingdom , Rashtrakuta dynasty , Kakatiya dynasty , Vijayanagara empire , Maratha empire , kingdom of Mysore and Carnatic Sultanate during
8184-586: Was characterised by frequent warfare with his neighbours and rebellion within his territories. This was not unusual for the time as much of the Indian subcontinent was then in turmoil. He left his eldest son, Tipu Sultan , an extensive kingdom bordered by the Krishna River in the north, the Eastern Ghats in the east and the Arabian Sea in the west. According to some historians, Hyder Ali
8277-486: Was formed in the Erramala range of hills. The river Penna flows in the gorge with a width of 100 m. Indian state India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories , for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into 806 districts and smaller administrative divisions . The states of India are self-governing administrative divisions, each having
8370-506: Was given a special status and made an autonomous province. The Chamber of Princes was established by Emperor George V in 1920. One of the major consequences of this was the creation of many more agencies from the states of the provinces, thus granting them direct relations with the Emperor instead of with the Governors. This saw the separation of all the states from the provinces and addition to before-mentioned agencies. This left all
8463-605: Was made up of 584 constituent states and the directly ruled territories of the Crown . The entire empire was divided into provinces and agencies. A province consisted of territory under the direct rule of the Emperor of India (who was also the King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions ) and a few minor states, ruled by Indian princes under the suzerainty of the Emperor. A Governor or Lieutenant-Governor acted as
8556-537: Was renamed Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 from ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh . In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 , which contains provisions to reorganise the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories; Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh , effective from 31 October 2019. Later that year in November,
8649-399: Was responsible to the provincial legislature. Bengal, Madras and Bombay which had been till now styled Presidencies, were now officially styled as provinces. The provinces of Orissa and Sind were created from Bihar and Bombay respectively. The Province of Burma which had previously functioned as an autonomous province of India was now separated from the Indian Empire, and established as
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