Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company (1909–1929) was an American aircraft manufacturer originally founded by Glenn Hammond Curtiss and Augustus Moore Herring in Hammondsport, New York . After significant commercial success in its first decades, it merged with the Wright Aeronautical to form Curtiss-Wright Corporation.
31-1359: Curtiss Hawk was a name common to many aircraft designed and produced by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company , most of them fighters: Curtiss Model 34 & Hawk I [ edit ] Model 34 XPW-8B experimental fighter. Model 34A P-1 Hawk single-seat fighter. Model 34B P-2 single-seat fighter, and P-6S Japan Hawk export version redesignated Hawk I . Model 34C F6C-1 Hawk single-seat carrierborne fighter. Model 34D F6C-2 Hawk single-seat carrierborne fighter. Model 34E F6C-3 Hawk single-seat carrierborne fighter. Model 34G P-1A Hawk single-seat fighter. Model 34H F6C-4, XF6C-5, F6C-6, XF6C-6, XF6C-7 Hawk single-seat carrierborne fighter. Model 34I P-1B Hawk single-seat fighter. Model 34J XAT-1, AT-4, P-1D advanced trainer. Model 34K AT-5, P-1E advanced trainer. Model 34L P-5 Hawk single-seat high-altitude fighter. Model 34M AT-5A, P-1F advanced trainer. Model 34N P-3A & XP-3A Hawk single-seat test. Model 34O P-1C Hawk single-seat fighter. Model 34K XP-6 Hawk single-seat fighter. Model 34P XP-6A, P-6, P-6A, XP-6B, P-6D Hawk single-seat fighter, and Hawk I export version (also
62-787: A cost of 63,900 Baht each, and a manufacturing license was also bought. The first 12 Hawk IIIs were shipped to Thailand in August and the remaining 12 arrived in late 1935, which were named Fighter Type 10. A total of 50 Hawk IIIs were locally built during 1937 and 1939. The type was used against the French in the Franco-Thai War and the Japanese invaders in December 1941, then relegated for use as trainers. Some of these aircraft were still active in 1949 and one airframe (KH-10) survives in
93-592: A double-kill against the superior Mitsubishi A5M "Claude" (predecessor of the A6M "Zero" ) over Nanjing on 12 October, 1937 while at the controls of his Hawk III numbered "IV-I" (4th Pursuit Group, Commander). The appearance of monoplanes like the A5M shifted the balance towards the Japanese. As the air-interdiction and close-air support for the National Revolutionary Army of China continued at
124-726: A number of movies. The Curtiss HS-2L flying boat was used extensively in the war for anti-submarine patrols and was operated from bases in Nova Scotia , France , and Portugal . John Cyril Porte of the Royal Navy and Curtiss worked together to improve the design of the Curtiss flying boats resulting in the Curtiss F5L and the similar Felixstowe F.3 . Curtiss also worked with the United States Navy to develop
155-435: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company In 1907, Glenn Curtiss was recruited by the scientist Dr. Alexander Graham Bell as a founding member of Bell's Aerial Experiment Association (AEA), with the intent of establishing an aeronautical research and development organization. According to Bell, it was a "co-operative scientific association, not for gain but for
186-613: The Curtiss-Wright Corporation . One of the last projects started by Curtiss Aeroplane was the ambitious Curtiss-Bleecker SX-5-1 Helicopter , a design that had propellers located midpoint on each of the four large rotors that drove the main rotors. This design, while costly and well engineered, was ultimately a failure. Curtiss also operated a flying school at Long Branch Aerodrome in Toronto Township, Ontario , from 1915 to 1917 before being taken over by
217-1777: The Flying Tigers . Blueprinted Allison V-1710-33 engines of 1,310 HP (977 kW), P-40B class external tank seals, P-40C class armor, and a mixture of guns. P-40C to USAAF. Model 81-AG XP-40G, P-40G to USAAF. Model H81-B P-40B, Tomahawk Mk II to British, USSR. Curtiss Model 87 Kittyhawk & Warhawk [ edit ] Model H87-A2 P-40D, Kittyhawk Mk I to Britain, Canada, and Turkey. Model 87-A3 P-40L, P-40F-5, P-40R, Kittyhawk Mk IA to Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Model 87-A4 P-40E-1, Kittyhawk Mk IA to Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Model 87-B2 P-40E, P-40J, P-40K, P-40K-20, P-40M, Kittyhawk Mk III, Warhawk to USAAF, USSR, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Model 87-B3 XP-40F, YP-40F prototypes for radiator evaluation. Model 87D P-40F, Kittyhawk Mk II to USAAF overseas, and Free French. Model 87M P-40N, Warhawk to USAAF. Model 87V/W P-40N-1, P-40P, TP-40, Kittyhawk Mk IV to USSR, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Model 87X XP-40Q, Warhawk to USAAF. Curtiss Model 97 SC Seahawk [ edit ] Model 97A XSC-1 prototype. Model 97B SC-1 single seat scout and anti-submarine . Model 97C XSC-2 modified prototype. Model 97D SC-2 single seat scout and anti-submarine . References [ edit ] Notes ^ Shilling, Erik. "Last P-40C." Planes and Pilots Of World War Two. Retrieved: 10 June 2011. Bibliography Eden, Paul and Soph Moeng, eds. cover The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. London: Amber Books Ltd, 2002. ISBN 978-0760705926 . Gunston, Bill. cover The Encyclopedia of
248-2187: The Hawk 1A Gulfhawk owned by Gulf Oil Company). Curtiss Model 35/63 Hawk II, Turkeyhawk, & Goshawk [ edit ] Model 35 Y1P-22 prototype P-6E single-seat fighter. Model 35B P-6E, XP-6G, XP-6H single-seat fighter. Model 47 P-6E Hawk II demonstrator sold to Norway in July 1934. Model 63 XP-23 Hawk II, YP-23 experimental fighter. Curtiss Model 43 Seahawk [ edit ] Model 43 F7C-1, XF7C-2, XF7C-3 single-seat fighter. Curtiss Model 58 Sparrowhawk [ edit ] Model 58 XF9C-1 experimental small dimension single-seat fighter. Model 58A F9C-2, XF9C-2 single-seat airship-based scout. Curtiss Model 64 Goshawk [ edit ] Model 64 XF11C-1, XBFC-1 prototype single-seat fighter. Model 64A XF11C-2, XBFC-2, F11C-2, BFC-2 single-seat carrierborne fighter and fighter-bomber. Model 67A XF11C-3 prototype Model 68 single-seat carrierborne fighter and fighter-bomber . Curtiss Model 68 Hawk III, IV [ edit ] Model 68 XBF2C-1, BF2C-1 single-seat carrierborne fighter and fighter-bomber . Model 68B Hawk III export version to Siam ( Thailand ) & Turkey. Model 68C Hawk III export version to Argentina & China. Model 79 Hawk IV Hawk III demonstrator with fully enclosed cockpit, sold to Argentina in July 1936. Curtiss Model 75 Mohawk [ edit ] Model 75, Model 75B, Model 75D Experimental prototypes. Model 75A-1 Hawk 75A-1, Mohawk I sold to France, transferred to Finland. Model 75A-2 Mohawk II sold to France, Daniel Landrum transferred them to Britain, used in South African Air Force . Model 75A-3 Mohawk III sold to France, transferred to Britain, used in Burma. Model 75A-4 Mohawk IV built by Hindustan Aircraft in India. Model 75A-5 Hawk 75A-5, Mohawk IV
279-732: The Model F trainer flying boat. In 1914, Curtiss had lured B. Douglas Thomas from Sopwith to design the Model J trainer, which led to the JN-4 two-seat biplane trainer (known affectionately as the "Jenny"). The Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company worked with the United States' British and Canadian allies, resulting in JN-4 (Can) trainers (nicknamed the "Canuck") being built in Canada. In order to complete large military orders, JN-4 production
310-771: The NC-4 , which became the first aircraft to fly across the Atlantic Ocean in 1919, making several stops en route. By the end of World War I, the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company would claim to be the largest aircraft manufacturer in the world, employing 18,000 in Buffalo and 3,000 in Hammondsport, New York . Curtiss produced 10,000 aircraft during that war, and more than 100 in a single week. Peace brought cancellation of wartime contracts. In September 1920,
341-769: The Royal Flying Corps Canada . Glenn H. Curtiss sponsored the Atlantic Coast Aeronautical Station on a 20-acre tract east of the Newport News boat harbor in the Fall of 1915 with Captain Thomas Scott Baldwin as head. Many civilian students, including Canadians, later became famed World War I flyers. Victor Carlstrom , Vernon Castle , Eddie Stinson and General Billy Mitchell trained here. The school
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#1732801800667372-615: The Schneider Cup in two consecutive races, those of 1923 and 1925. The 1923 race was won by U.S. Navy lieutenant David Rittenhouse flying a Curtiss R3C to 177.266 miles per hour (285.282 km/h). Piloted by U.S. Army Lt. Cyrus K. Bettis , a Curtiss R3C won the Pulitzer Trophy on October 12, 1925, at 248.9 miles per hour (400.6 km/h). Thirteen days later, Jimmy Doolittle won the Schneider Trophy in
403-527: The aircraft carrier USS Ranger , but served only a few months before difficulties with the landing gear led to their withdrawal. In spite of its short service run, many of the innovations developed for the Goshawk line found wide use in Navy aircraft in the years that followed. They were the last Curtiss fighter accepted for service with the U.S. Navy. The export version Model 68 Hawk III reverted to
434-632: The Battle of Shanghai on 14 October, 1937, the Chinese Air Force launched a major strike against Japanese positions in Shanghai at 16:00 hours with a uniquely mixed force of three Curtiss Hawk IIIs escorting three B-10s , two He 111As , five O-2MCs and five Gammas from Nanjing in the late-afternoon, and then one strike launched every hour from Nanking to Shanghai in the evening until 03:00 hours on 15 October. These combination of attacks with
465-695: The Curtiss Aeroplane Company of Hammondsport, New York , and Curtiss Motor Company of Bath, New York . Burgess Company of Marblehead, Massachusetts , became a subsidiary in February 1916. At the same time, the Curtiss Engineering Company was established as a subsidiary in Garden City, New York . With the onset of World War I , military orders rose sharply, and Curtiss needed to expand quickly. In 1916,
496-425: The Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company underwent a financial reorganization and Glenn Curtiss cashed out his stock in the company for $ 32 million and retired to Florida . He continued as a director of the company but served only as an advisor on design. Clement M. Keys gained control of the company from Willys-Overland and it later became the nucleus of a large group of aviation companies. Curtiss seaplanes won
527-627: The Hawk IIIs were used against both the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy Air Forces, and against both ground and naval targets with considerable success through the end of 1937, before being superseded by the better-armed and faster Polikarpov I-15 and I-16 fighters that were supplied to the Chinese Air Force through the Sino-Soviet Treaty of 1937 . In early 1935, Thailand placed an order for 24 Curtiss Hawk IIIs at
558-481: The Navy , pressured the industry to form a cross-licensing organization (in other terms a Patent pool ), the Manufacturer's Aircraft Association . Later that year, Curtiss was acquired by the automobile manufacturer Willys-Overland . Curtiss was instrumental in the development of U.S. Naval Aviation by providing training for pilots and providing aircraft. The first major order was for 144 various subtypes of
589-579: The Navy decided to procure a variant with retractable landing gear. This variant, which still had the F11C-2's classic "Hawk" wood wing with its flat-bottomed Clark Y airfoil, was designated XF11C-3 by the Navy and Model 67 by Curtiss. The main gear retraction system was inspired by the Grover Loening -designed system on the Grumman XFF-1 prototype, and was manually operated. The XF11C-3
620-1317: The Societe Nationale de Constructions Aeronautiques du Centre. Model 75E Y1P-36 engine test and evaluation aircraft. Model 75H Hawk 75H given to Claire L. Chennault for personal use. Model 75I XP-37, YP-37 Allison engine testbed. Model 75J Model 75A demonstrator Model 75L P-36A, P-36B, P-36C, XP-36D, XP-36E, XP-36F to USAAF. Model 75M Hawk 75M sold to China. Model 75N Hawk 75N sold to Siam ( Thailand ). Model 75O Hawk 75O 29 built by Daniel with additional 200 built under license locally by Fabrica Militar de Aviones in Argentina. Model 75P XP-40 prototype for Curtiss P-40. Model 75Q Hawk 75Q China demonstrators. Model 75R Model 75K demonstrator. Model 75S XP-42 NACA radial engine cowling testbed. Curtiss Model 81 Tomahawk [ edit ] Model H81-A P-40A photo-reconnaissance fighter. Model H81-A1 Tomahawk Mk I to Canada. Model H81-A2 Tomahawk IIA, Tomahawk IIB to British, South African Air Force in North Africa. Model H81-A3 Tomahawk IIA/B P-40B/C hybrid aircraft to China for
651-675: The World's Combat Aircraft. London: Salamander Books Ltd, 1976. ISBN 978-0600331445 . [REDACTED] Index of articles associated with the same name This set index article includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curtiss_Hawk&oldid=1150196202 " Category : Set index articles Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
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#1732801800667682-738: The classic wood/ Clark Y wings and was powered by a 770 hp (570 kW) R-1820-F53. Chinese Hawk IIIs served as multi-purpose aircraft when combat operations against the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy Air Forces began in earnest in August 1937, particularly with the Battle of Shanghai and Nanjing , and were considered the Nationalist Chinese Air Force 's frontline fighter-pursuit aircraft along with their inventory of Hawk IIs , Boeing Model 281 "Peashooters" and Fiat CR.32s . Col. Gao Zhihang scored
713-494: The company moved its headquarters and most manufacturing activities to Buffalo, New York , where there was far greater access to transportation, manpower, manufacturing expertise, and much needed capital. The company housed an aircraft engine factory in the former Taylor Signal Company-General Railway Signal Company . An ancillary operation was begun in Toronto, Ontario, that was involved in both production and training, setting up
744-535: The first flying school in Canada in 1915. In 1917, the two major aircraft patent holders, the Wright Company and the Curtiss Company, had effectively blocked the building of new airplanes , which were desperately needed as the United States was entering World War I . The U.S. government, as a result of a recommendation of a committee formed by Franklin D. Roosevelt , then Assistant Secretary of
775-614: The love of the art and doing what we can to help one another." In 1909, shortly before the AEA was disbanded, Curtiss partnered with Augustus Moore Herring to form the Herring-Curtiss Company . It was renamed the Curtiss Aeroplane Company in 1910 and reorganized in 1912 after being taken over by the Curtiss Motor Company. The Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company was created on January 13, 1916, from
806-550: The metal-structured, biconvex, NACA 2212 airfoil wing, and soon after was redesignated XBF2C-1 (Model 67A) in keeping with the new Bomber-Fighter category. Twenty-seven BF2C-1 were ordered by the U.S. Navy, with a raised rear turtle deck, a semi-enclosed cockpit , and a metal-framed lower wing. It was armed with two .30 calibre Browning machine guns and three hardpoints for 500 lb (230 kg) of external stores. Delivered in October 1934, they were assigned to VB-5B on
837-544: The same aircraft fitted with floats with a top speed of 232.573 miles per hour (374.290 km/h). The Curtiss Robin light transport was first flown in 1928, becoming one of the company's biggest sellers during the Great Depression , and the 769 built helped keep the company solvent when orders for military aircraft were hard to find. On July 5, 1929, Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company together with 11 other Wright and Curtiss affiliated companies merged to become
868-545: Was built under license in China, India. Model 75A-6 Hawk 75A-6 sold to Norway, Daniel Landrum and Lennon Pyles transferred them to-Finland. Model 75A-7 Hawk 75A-7 sold to Netherlands East Indies. Model 75A-8 P-36G ordered by Norway, transferred to Canada, then Peru. Model 75A-9 Mohawk IV delivered to Persia, captured by British and used in India. Model H75C-1 Curtiss H75C-1 assembled in France by
899-546: Was disbanded in 1922. BF2C Goshawk The Curtiss BF2C Goshawk ( Model 67 ) was a United States 1930s naval biplane aircraft that saw limited success and was part of a long line of Hawk Series airplanes made by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company for the American military, and for export as the Model 68 Hawk III . The United States Navy and Curtiss felt that the F11C-2 possessed development potential, and
930-485: Was distributed to five other manufacturers. After the war, large numbers of JN-4s were sold as surplus, making influential as the first plane for many interwar pilots, including Amelia Earhart . A stamp was printed to commemorate the Curtiss JN-4 , however a printing error resulted in some having the aircraft image inverted, which has become very valuable, and one of the best known rare stamps, even being featured in
961-576: Was first delivered to the USN in May 1933, with a Wright R-1820-80 radial engine rated at 700 hp (520 kW ). Trials revealed a 17 mph (27 km/h) increase in speed over the F11C-2, but the extra weight caused a decrease in maneuverability. The Navy felt the handling degradation was more than offset by the increase in speed, however. During testing the XF11C-3 had its wood-framed wing replaced by