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37-698: Djermakoye was the leader of one of two major factions that emerged in the National Movement for the Development of Society (MNSD) in 1991. He was a member of the Zarma (Djerma) ethnic group, which had previously dominated the party, but rival faction leader Mamadou Tandja was elected as President of the MNSD in November 1991 with the support of non-Zarma elements in the party. Djermakoye then split from

74-617: A coup on 18 February 2010, by a military junta called the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy (CSRD), ousted President Mamadou Tandja . The MNSD was founded in 1989 by military ruler and President Ali Saibou , as the only legal party in the country. However, by the end of 1990, the Saibou regime acquiesced to union and student demands to institute a multi-party democratic system. In 1991, two factions emerged within

111-612: A floated plan to extend Tandja's term past the 2009 elections. On 26 April 2009, the party's political bureau decided to expel eight party members, including five deputies to the National Assembly, for "indiscipline": deputies Soumana Sanda , Issaka Hassane Djégoulé , Amadou Soumana ("Belko"), Hadiza Moussa Gros and Seydou Tahirou Mayaki , as well as three party members Seyni Mounkaïla , Ladan Tchana and former Political Bureau member Oumarou Dogari . All were supporters of Hama Amadou. According to Soumana Sanda, this

148-518: A small share of the vote. From December 2011 to 2017, he was President of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council of Niger (CESOC). As an army officer with the rank of colonel, Moussa Moumouni Djermakoye was the Army Chief of Staff at the time of the assassination of President Ibrahim Bare Mainassara by soldiers undertaking a coup d'etat on 9 April 1999. Amidst the confusion that followed

185-437: The 2004 general elections Tandja was re-elected to the presidency in the second round, defeating Issoufou, with all the candidates knocked out in the first round backing Tandja. The MNSD won 47 of the 113 seats in an enlarged National Assembly. Amadou remained Prime Minister, but his government was defeated in a no-confidence vote on 31 May 2007, and in early June Tandja appointed Seyni Oumarou as Amadou's successor. Amadou

222-504: The 2010 coup , the ANDP participated in the 2011 general elections . Moussa Moumouni Djermakoye stood as the party's presidential candidate, receiving 4% of the vote and finishing sixth in a field of ten candidates, whilst the party won eight seats in the National Assembly. At the ANDP's Sixth Ordinary Congress, held in Maradi on 9–10 May 2015, Djermakoye was re-elected as president of

259-593: The Democratic and Social Convention in the run-off vote, and Ousmane prevailed against the MNSD's Tandja. The ANDP formed part of the AFC parliamentary majority after the 1993 parliamentary elections , in which the ANDP won 11 seats, with Djermakoye becoming President of the National Assembly . The ANDP's split from the MNSD was seen as crucial in enabling the opposition's victory. The AFC majority, including

296-560: The Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ANDP-Zaman Lahiya), a political party in Niger, from 2010 to 2017. As a high-ranking army officer, he was Army Chief of Staff for a time and also briefly served as Minister of National Defense in 1999 as part of a transitional military regime. After retiring from the army and beginning a political career, he stood as the ANDP's candidate in the 2011 presidential election , winning only

333-409: The upcoming general elections , saying that he did not intend to run again in the 2009 presidential election. In the presidential elections, he received 6% of the vote, taking fifth place. Like the three other parties whose candidates were eliminated in the first round, the ANDP backed Tandja in the second round. In the parliamentary elections the party received 5.44% of the popular vote, winning five of

370-678: The 113 seats. Djermakoye died in June 2009. The party was part of the Coordination of Forces for Democracy and the Republic alliance that boycotted the 2009 parliamentary elections . Djermakoye's brother Moussa Moumouni Djermakoye , having retired from the military, was elected as ANDP President at an extraordinary party congress on 20 June 2010. He won the vote easily; he received 278 votes, while Amadou Nouhou received 85 votes and Ali Seyni Gado received 66 votes. With President Tandja ousted in

407-519: The ANDP candidate in the July 1996 elections , finishing in fifth place with 4.77% of the vote. After Maïnassara's victory, the ANDP recognized it and supported him. In the November 1996 parliamentary elections , which was boycotted by the opposition, the ANDP won eight seats, becoming the second-largest party in the National Assembly. In early 1998 the ANDP joined a pro-Maïnassara alliance of three parties,

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444-466: The ANDP joined the parliamentary majority coalition, the Alliance of Democratic Forces, leaving the opposition Coordination of Democratic Forces. Djermakoye joined the government as a Minister of State in November 2002, serving in that position until December 2004. On September 19, 2004, at the ANDP's third extraordinary congress, Djermakoye was again chosen by the party as its presidential candidate for

481-660: The ANDP, lasted until the Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS) split from the AFC in September 1994, leading to a new parliamentary election in January 1995 in which the AFC was beaten by an opposition coalition primarily composed of the MNSD and the PNDS. The ANDP won nine seats and remained with the AFC in opposition. Following a January 1996 military coup , Djermakoye again ran unsuccessfully for president as

518-455: The ANDP, with Dan Dijé as first vice-president, Mahamadou Adamou as second vice-president, and Saley Saidou as secretary-general. The party did not nominate a candidate for the February 2016 presidential election , choosing to endorse the candidacy of incumbent President Mahamadou Issoufou in the first round of voting. In the concurrent parliamentary election, it was reduced to four seats in

555-505: The Alliance of Democratic and Social Forces. On April 28, 1998, Djermakoye announced that the ANDP was splitting with Maïnassara, alleging that the latter had "humiliated and marginalised" the party. Following another coup in April 1999, in which Maïnassara was killed, Djermakoye was the party's presidential candidate in the October general elections , finishing in fifth place with 7.73% of

592-590: The CDS, gained a parliamentary majority, resulting in Amadou becoming Prime Minister again. With the parliamentary support of smaller parties, the party maintained a working majority in the National Assembly. As President, Tandja had to give up his position as party leader. Hamidou Sékou acted as interim leader, until Hama Amadou, previously the party's secretary-general, was elected party president in December 2001. In

629-740: The MNSD and formed the Club of the Friends of Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye (CAMAD), which subsequently became the Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ANDP). Djermakoye was the ANDP's candidate in the 1993 presidential elections ; after he finished in fourth place with 15.24% of the vote in the first round, the ANDP, as part of a coalition called the Alliance of the Forces of Change (AFC), backed second-placed candidate Mahamane Ousmane of

666-408: The MNSD boycotted the November 1996 parliamentary elections . Another coup in April 1999 led to general elections late in the year; the MNSD won the presidential election, with Tandja defeating Mahamadou Issoufou of the PNDS in the second round, taking 59.89% of the vote. The MNSD again remained the largest party in the National Assembly, winning 38 out of the 83 seats, and in alliance with

703-456: The MNSD was joining the "presidential majority" coalition of parties supporting Issoufou. That move was followed by the MNSD's inclusion in the government and the appointment of Oumarou as High Representative of President Issoufou in October 2016. Moussa Moumouni Djermakoye Moussa Moumouni Djermakoye (26 April 1944 – 19 November 2017) was a Nigerien politician who was President of

740-483: The MNSD, one behind Mamadou Tandja (MNSD-Nassara) and the other behind Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye , both of whom had been important figures in the regime of Seyni Kountché . At a party congress in March 1991, Saibou retained his position as President of the MNSD, but at another congress held in November 1991, Tandja was elected as MNSD President, while Hama Amadou was elected as its Secretary-General. Tandja obtaining

777-596: The National Assembly behind the PNSD, winning 25 seats. In the 2016 general elections Oumarou contested the presidency again, this time finishing third with 12% of the vote. The party subsequently participated in an opposition boycott of the second round as Issoufou was re-elected. In the National Assembly elections, the MNSD lost five seats as it was pushed into third place by the PNDS and MODEN/FA . A few months after Issoufou's re-election, Oumarou announced in August 2016 that

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814-585: The National Assembly. National Movement for the Development of Society The National Movement for the Society of Development , also known as the National Movement for the Development of Society ( French : Mouvement National pour la Société de Développement , MNSD-Nassara) is a political party in Niger . Founded under the military government of the 1974–1990 period, it was the ruling party of Niger from 1989 to 1993 and again from 1999 until 2010, when

851-455: The candidacy of the first round's leading candidate, Mahamadou Issoufou , in the second round. Djermakoye was one of several unsuccessful first round candidates who gave their support to Issoufou at that time, helping to give the momentum to Issoufou in his second round campaign against Seyni Oumarou . Djermakoye also stood as an ANDP candidate in the January 2011 parliamentary election and

888-421: The coup, it was suggested that he might head the junta that took power, but instead he was appointed as Minister of National Defense in the junta's transitional government, appointed a week after the coup. The transition ended with the swearing-in of an elected President, Mamadou Tandja , on 22 December 1999. Djermakoye is the brother of Moumouni Adamou Djermakoye , who led the ANDP, a political party, from

925-463: The elections because the AFC parties held a majority of seats. However, early parliamentary elections were held in 1995, which saw the MNSD remain the largest party with 29 seats and successfully form an alliance with the Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS), which had previously been hostile to the MNSD, and smaller parties. Hama Amadou of the MNSD then became Prime Minister, in cohabitation with President Ousmane. The cohabitation

962-411: The elections boycotted by several opposition parties, the MNSD won an absolute majority, taking 76 of the 113 seats. However, a coup the following year removed Tandja from office and general elections were held in 2011. Oumarou was the MNSD's presidential candidate, finishing second in the first round of voting and losing to Issoufou of the PNDS in the second. The MNSD became the second-largest party in

999-404: The party leadership over Djermakoye marked a departure from the traditional dominance of the party by Djermakoye's Zarma (Djerma) ethnic group. Djermakoye split from the MNSD and formed his own party, the Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ANDP). Tandja was the MNSD candidate in the 1993 presidential elections and was the leading candidate in the first round of voting with 34% of

1036-618: The time of its creation in the early 1990s until his death in June 2009. Following a coup that ousted Tandja in February 2010, Djermakoye was appointed as Special Adviser to the President of the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy , Salou Djibo , in March 2010. Djermakoye, having retired from the military, was elected to succeed his brother as ANDP President at an extraordinary party congress on 20 June 2010. He won

1073-501: The vote easily; he received 278 votes, while Amadou Nouhou received 85 votes and Ali Seyni Gado received 66 votes. Speaking to Le Sahel after the congress, he said that he did not find it very remarkable that he had shifted from a career in the military to the leadership of a political party. Although he lacked elective political experience due to his service in the military, he observed that he had nevertheless held administrative posts during periods of military rule and therefore felt he

1110-451: The vote, while the ANDP won four seats in the parliamentary elections. Djermakoye backed PNDS candidate Mahamadou Issoufou in the second round of the presidential elections, although Issoufou was defeated by MNSD candidate Tandja. Following the elections, the ANDP went into opposition and joined the same parliamentary group as the Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP-Jama'a). In July 2002,

1147-407: The vote. However, he was defeated in the second round by the Democratic and Social Convention (CDS) candidate Mahamane Ousmane , who was backed by the Alliance of the Forces of Change (AFC), an alliance formed by the candidates who did not qualify for the second round. Although the MNSD won 29 seats in the 1993 parliamentary elections , emerging as the largest party, it went into opposition after

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1184-554: Was arrested for alleged embezzlement in June 2008. Serious tensions between supporters of Amadou, the MNSD President, and Tandja, the President of the Republic, subsequently developed, and supporters of the two sides traded accusations. Despite a split in the party, jailed former prime minister Hama Amadou retained the Presidency of the MNSD with his supporter Habi Mahamadou Salissou as its Secretary-General. However, he

1221-425: Was because of their support for the former prime minister. On 14 May, the National Assembly admitted five replacement deputies, chosen by the ruling party: Abdoulaye Koro , Abdoulaye Morou , Soumana Kangaye , Amadou Saidou , and Amina Ali . Parliamentary elections were held in October 2009; presidential elections were postponed following a controversial referendum that extended Tandja's term in office. With

1258-492: Was elected to the National Assembly. He was appointed as President of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council, a state institution, on 9 December 2011. Consequently he vacated his parliamentary seat. At the ANDP's Sixth Ordinary Congress, held in Maradi on 9–10 May 2015, Djermakoye was re-elected as President of the ANDP. Djermakoye did not stand again as a candidate for the February 2016 presidential election , as

1295-474: Was marked by sharp rivalry between Amadou and Ousmane, and in January 1996 the military, led by Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara , seized power in a coup . Tandja ran unsuccessfully again in the July 1996 presidential elections , finishing in third place with 15.65% of the vote, behind Maïnassara and Ousmane. Along with other opposition parties, grouped together as the Front for the Restoration and Defense of Democracy,

1332-513: Was stripped of the formal leadership of the ruling party in early 2009; a special congress held in Zinder on 21 February replaced him with his successor as Prime Minister, Oumarou. Minister of Interior Albadé Abouba was elected as Secretary General of the party. This result came despite months of wrangling between pro-Tandja and pro-Amadou elements in the party that threatened to split the MNSD and saw pro-Amadou groups join opposition protests against

1369-519: Was sufficiently experienced for the role. He was subsequently nominated to stand as the ANDP candidate in the January 2011 presidential election, and the Transitional Constitutional Council approved his candidacy, along with nine others, on 22 December 2010. In the first round of the presidential election, held on 31 January 2011, Djermakoye received 3.95% of the vote. On 10 February 2011, he announced his support for

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