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83-621: Most American public sources disagree and argue on which aircraft are operated by the AFAGIR. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy said in 2005 that "[t]he backbone of the IRGCAF consists of ten Su-25 Frogfoot attack aircraft, including seven flown from Iraq to Iran during the 1991 Gulf War, kept airworthy with the help of Georgian technicians, although reports indicate that all of the IRGCAF aircraft have been sold to Iraq in July 2014, to increase

166-473: A University of Chicago political science professor, and Stephen Walt , academic dean at Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University , describe it as "part of the core" of the pro-Israeli lobby in the United States . Discussing the group in their book, The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy , Mearsheimer and Walt write: Although WINEP plays down its links to Israel and claims that it provides

249-480: A solid of revolution is used that gives least resistance to motion. The article on nose cone design contains possible shapes and formulas. Due to the extreme temperatures involved, nose cones for high-speed applications (e.g. Supersonic speeds or atmospheric reentry of orbital vehicles) have to be made of refractory materials. Pyrolytic carbon is one choice, reinforced carbon-carbon composite or HRSI ceramics are other popular choices. Another design strategy

332-507: A 'balanced and realistic' perspective on Middle East issues, this is not the case. In fact, WINEP is funded and run by individuals who are deeply committed to advancing Israel's agenda ... Many of its personnel are genuine scholars or experienced former officials, but they are hardly neutral observers on most Middle East issues and there is little diversity of views within WINEP's ranks." In 2011 WINEP Executive Director Robert Satloff criticized

415-486: A broad range of ballistic missiles, as well as developing a space launch capability. In mid-July 2008, Iran launched a number of ballistic missiles during military exercises, reportedly including the medium-range Shahab-3. Iran announced other missile and space launch tests in August and November 2008. In February 2009, Iran announced it launched a satellite into orbit and "officially achieved a presence in space." The Fajr-3

498-534: A call". Iran's foreign minister, Javad Zarif , responded by saying that since Iran does not possess nuclear weapons nor does it ever intends in having one, it does not design its missiles (Emad) to be capable of carrying something it does not have. Nevertheless, the testing of the Emad missile took place before the adoption of the Resolution 2231. The US, France, Britain, Germany, Sweden, Turkey, and Australia asked

581-419: A chamber or chambers in which instruments, animals, plants, or auxiliary equipment may be carried, and an outer surface built to withstand high temperatures generated by aerodynamic heating . Much of the fundamental research related to hypersonic flight was done towards creating viable nose cone designs for the atmospheric reentry of spacecraft and ICBM reentry vehicles . In a satellite launch vehicle ,

664-427: A discerning knowledge of history." Recipients have included former U.S. President Bill Clinton , former British Prime Minister Tony Blair , former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice , and former CIA directors Michael Hayden and George Tenet . Despite its pro-Israel tilt, the institute hosted former senior military officials from the U.S., Turkey, Iraq, and Jordan in the 2010s. M.J. Rosenberg criticized

747-460: A functional GPS guidance platform. It would probably require nuclear warheads in order to compensate for critical problems in accuracy , reliability, and warhead lethality. In June 2020, Iranian admiral Hossein Khanzadi said that Iran would start producing indigenous Supersonic cruise missiles equipped with turbofan engines soon. The foundations for this were laid with

830-453: A high-drag blunt reentry shape is frequently used, which minimises the heat transfer by creating a shock wave that stands off from the vehicle, but some very-high-temperature materials may permit sharper-edged designs. Given the problem of the aerodynamic design of the nose cone section of any vehicle or body meant to travel through a compressible fluid medium (such as a rocket or aircraft , missile or bullet ), an important problem

913-716: A massive number of missile TELs to IRGC AF, “Iranian television footage showed at least 26 TELs lined up in two rows for the event, which marked their purported delivery to the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) Aerospace Force, which operates the country's ballistic missiles”, according to the report by IHS Jane's . Any Iranian long-range intermediate-range ballistic missile or intercontinental ballistic missile would require an extraordinarily effective guidance system and level of reliability to have any real lethality with conventional warheads, even if it could be equipped with

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996-499: A mission affiliated with a particular ideology, as opposed to an advocacy think tank , which is staffed by individuals with strong ideological leanings. Academic think tanks focus on producing extensive research reports and books, whereas advocacy think tanks focus on marketing their ideas with condensed materials. Think tanks of all types typically also organize conferences, provide briefings to legislative committee staff, and testify as policy experts. The Washington Institute accesses

1079-663: A range of 2,000 km (1,200 mi), and can carry a heavier warhead . Making this missile was a major step in Iran's missile industry, and it opened the way to longer-range missiles. Shahab-3D , which followed the Shahab-3C , is Iran's latest Shahab model. A 2,000-kilometre (1,200 mi) range including Russia (as far as Moscow ), Ukraine, parts of Hungary, Serbia, Greece, Egypt, Arabia, parts of India and China, as well as countries closer to Iran. Jane's Information Group said in 2006 that Iran had six operational Shahab-3 brigades,

1162-639: A range of 2,000 km (1,200 mi), the Ashoura missile. He did not say how the missile differed from the Shahab-3, which has a range of 2,100 km (1,300 mi). He told the gathering Basij militia during the manoeuvers they were holding that same week that the "construction of the Ashoura missile, with the range of 2,000 km (1,200 mi), is among the accomplishments of the Defence Ministry". According to Jane's Defence Weekly ,

1245-737: A sizable rotary-wing force consisting of around twenty Mi-171 helicopters for transport and armed assault roles, and a large transport force out of Shiraz , equipped with around fifteen ex-Iraqi Il-76s, originally operated by the IRIAF, and twelve An-74TK-200 transports. Scramble backs up this picture in general, reporting An-74s , An-14s , and Su-22 at Tehran Mehrabad , Chengdu F-7Ms at Zahedan , while saying that MFI-17s were often reported at Zahedan incorrectly, and Il-76 AEW variants at Shiraz Shahid Dastghaib International Airport , while saying that they might be based at Mehrabad. Other later writings make no mention of Il-76s . Anthony Cordesman of

1328-838: A subsidiary of Iran's Ministry of Defense, supports the manufacturing process by engaging in SCUD missile restoration. Its short-range missile inventory also includes solid-fueled missiles, such as the Tondar-69 and the Fateh-110 . Also, Iranian artillery rockets include the Samid, the Shahin-2 , the Naze'at , and the Zelzal family ( Zelzal-1 , Zelzal-2 , and Zelzal-3 ). As of 2009, Iran has an active interest in developing, acquiring, and deploying

1411-646: A system capable of intercepting it is developed. He said it can breach the most advanced and significant missile defense systems in the world, and can also target them. The next day he stated that the tests have been made and that the missile will be unveiled in an appropriate time. The missile was unveiled on 6 June 2023 with the name " Fattah ". IRGC Aerospace Force is known to operate the following air defense equipment: The IRGC Aerospace Force has been running its own space program, and on 22 April 2020, it made existence of its own 'Space Command' public. On that date it successfully launched its first military satellite ,

1494-552: A variant of the Shahab (Ghadr 1) and questioned its alleged multiple re- entry vehicle capability, suggesting instead that it carried sub-munitions. The Bina missile , which can be carried aloft and is able to be ground-launched from a rail car, was also revealed at the time. The Aerospace Force owns some civilian aircraft. As of 2017, six Russian-made transport planes were reportedly leased to Pouya Air , and two more Embraer ERJ-145ER jets acquired. The IRGC Aerospace Force

1577-473: Is a laser guided dual-capability short-range surface-to-surface and air-to-surface missile . It appears to be an AGM-65 Maverick air-to-ground missile with a semi-active laser (SAL) seeker fitted to its nose. Brigadier General Hossein Dehqan said the ballistic missile had radar-evading capabilities. "The new generation of long-range ground-to-ground ballistic missile with a fragmentation warhead and

1660-640: Is a pro-Israel American think tank based in Washington, D.C. , focused on the foreign policy of the United States in the Near East . WINEP was established in 1985 with the support of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) and the funding of many AIPAC donors, in order to provide higher quality research than AIPAC's own publications. John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt described WINEP as "part of

1743-405: Is capable of low altitude flight and has a range of 1,350 km (840 mi), a maximum range has not yet been given. It has the ability to strike ground targets with high precision and accuracy. Its motor utilizes a turbojet , it releases low heat signatures and the missile is equipped to deal with the most sophisticated types of electronic warfare. Discussing the capabilities of the missile,

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1826-655: Is considered to represent a great advance in accuracy, with a guidance and control system in its nose cone that functions during reentry into the atmosphere. As a consequence of Iran's nuclear deal ( JCPOA ), on 20 July 2015 the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 was endorsed, replacing the Resolution 1929 , which " called upon " Iran " not to undertake any activity related to ballistic missiles designed to be capable of delivering nuclear weapons ". It has been argued that

1909-457: Is currently Iran's most advanced ballistic missile . It is a domestically developed liquid fuel missile with an unknown range. What makes it Iran's most advanced rocket is that the Iranian government says it has multiple independently targeted reentry vehicles (MIRV) capabilities. Its MIRV capability may give it the ability of avoiding anti-missile surface-to-air missiles (SAMs). The missile

1992-417: Is evidence which points otherwise. A stolen Iranian laptop, containing over 1000 pages of calculations, simulations and modifications required to make the Shahab-3 nose cone capable of carrying a nuclear warhead, was obtained by U.S. intelligence in 2004 and shown to IAEA officials. Additionally, an interview with Alireza Assar, an Iranian physicist formerly tied with the Iranian ministry of defense, revealed

2075-635: Is hosted, captured by the satellite. In March 2022, a second launch of the Qased launch vehicle from the shahroud space center put the Noor-2 military reconnaissance satellite into orbit. Commander of the Space Command, Brigadier General Ali Jafarabadi, has stated that the reconnaissance satellite is part of a larger project that will include satellites with communication and navigation capabilities, in addition to reconnaissance. In November 2022,

2158-737: Is no evidence to suggest there had been any prior technology exchange or with its other known technology partners such as North Korea or China. The new two-stage solid-fuel missile has a range of nearly 2,500 km (1,600 mi), it was tested in November 2008. An improved version, the Sejjil-2, was tested in May 2009. Improvements include better navigation system, better targeting system, more payload, longer range, faster lift-off, longer storage time, quicker launch, and lower detection possibilities. US Director of National Intelligence James Clapper told

2241-511: Is responsible for the operation of Iran's surface-to-surface (SSM) missile systems. In 2006 it was mentioned by John Negroponte that Iran held the largest inventory of ballistic missiles in the Middle East . In August 2013, Ahmad Vahidi former defense minister of Iran said that his country was ranked sixth in the world in missile production. It is claimed to operate several thousand short- and medium-range mobile ballistic missiles, including

2324-411: Is the conically shaped forwardmost section of a rocket , guided missile or aircraft , designed to modulate oncoming airflow behaviors and minimize aerodynamic drag . Nose cones are also designed for submerged watercraft such as submarines , submersibles and torpedoes , and in high-speed land vehicles such as rocket cars and velomobiles . On a suborbital rocket vehicle it consists of

2407-463: Is using ablative heat shields , which get consumed during operation, disposing of excess heat that way. Materials used for ablative shields include, for example carbon phenolic , polydimethylsiloxane composite with silica filler and carbon fibers , or as in of some Chinese FSW reentry vehicles, oak wood . In general, the constraints and goals for atmospheric reentry conflict with those for other high-speed flight applications; during reentry

2490-584: The Center for Strategic and International Studies , writing in August 2007, said only the AFAGIR "may operate Iran's 10 EMB-312 Tucanos", and that it "seems to operate many of Iran's 45 PC-7 training aircraft" as well as Pakistani-built training aircraft at a school near Mushshak , "but this school may be run by the regular air force". He said that reports of the Revolutionary Guards operating F-7s did not seem to be correct. Cordesman noted claims of

2573-840: The National Security Council and assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs. Indyk is currently vice president and director of the Foreign Policy Program at the Brookings Institution . In addition to ongoing research, TWI has provided in-depth analysis at key inflection points in Middle East policy, such as during presidential election years. Beginning in 1988, the institute convened bipartisan Presidential Study Groups that have offered policy papers for incoming administrations of either party. The inaugural PSG document informed

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force - Misplaced Pages Continue

2656-554: The New York Times ' identification of the organization as pro-Israel, saying the moniker "projects two false impressions—first, that the institute does not value American interests above special pleading for a foreign power and second, that the institute must be 'anti' others in the region (Palestinians, Arabs)." In a 2014 study conducted by the University of Pennsylvania 's Lauder Institute , of all think tanks worldwide,

2739-487: The Noor , into orbit. This was acknowledged by Western experts, and marked joining the club of about a dozen countries to have carried out such a project. The United States Space Force 's chief of space operations , General John W. Raymond , said it was unlikely that Iran's Noor satellite provided any information of value, describing it as "a tumbling webcam in space." However, an Israeli security source told Haaretz that

2822-581: The Oghab and Shahin-II missiles. These would lead the way for a number of other rocket artillery systems including Fajr-3 , Nazeat , and Zelzal . The initial effort in this area relied heavily on technical help from the People's Republic of China in the form of assembly and manufacturing contracts during 1991 and 1992. Iran was quick to surpass the Chinese level of assistance and became self-sufficient. Bina

2905-515: The Shahab-3 , also known as the Ghadr-101. It has a liquid-fuel first stage and a solid-fuel second stage, which allows it to have a range of 2,000 km. It has a higher maneuverability than the Shahab-3 and a setup time of 30 minutes which is shorter than that of the Shahab-3. In November 2007, Iranian Defence Minister Mostafa Mohammad-Najjar announced that Iran had built a new missile with

2988-692: The navy is largely for the projection of its military power, with the goal of dominating the Gulf region and maintaining its ability to deter and retaliate against adversaries, including the United States . Additional reasons for the indigenous development of missiles may include the regime's intent to showcase its technological advancements, to intimidate and deter neighboring countries, and to reduce its reliance on precarious foreign supplies, particularly from North Korea . The independent production of missiles in Iran can be traced back to at least 1997, when

3071-470: The "father of Iranian missiles", Iran announced it has built an advanced hypersonic ballistic missile calling it a "major generational leap". Brigadier General Amir Ali Hajizadeh , IRGC-ASF commander, said the missile has a high velocity and can maneuver below and above the Earth's atmosphere. He said "it can breach all the systems of anti-missile defence" and added that he believed it would take decades before

3154-422: The AFAGIR building gliders for use in unconventional warfare, saying that they would be unsuitable delivery platforms, but could at least carry a small number of weapons. However the attached reference was a 1996 Reuters report, making the sources for such assertions extremely thin. The IISS Military Balance 2007 makes no mention of aircraft, referring only to the Shahab 1, 2, and 3 missiles. In October 2009, it

3237-747: The American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), founded in 1959 and by the 1970s by far the most well-funded, visible, and effective pro-Israel lobbying organization. Indyk and his colleagues at WINEP worked hard to strengthen Israel's standing in Washington as the key U.S. ally in the Middle East and to ensure that U.S. policy in the region coincided with the policies and strategies of the Israeli government "The Israeli Lobby". Journal of Palestine Studies . 35 (3). University of California Press on behalf of

3320-486: The Ashoura represents a major breakthrough in Iranian missile technology. It is the first two-stage MRBM using solid-fueled rocket motors instead of the existing liquid-fueled technology used on the Shahab . This would dramatically reduce the setup and deployment time for the missile and hence, shorten the amount of warning time for the enemy. Jane's noted that while the development parallels Pakistan's Shaheen-II MRBM there

3403-672: The Elephant in the Room: Robert Lieberman and the Israel Lobby" . Perspectives on Politics . 7 (2). [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]: 262. doi : 10.1017/S1537592709090781 . JSTOR   40406929 . S2CID   7758818 . Archived from the original on 2022-08-13 . Retrieved 2022-08-13 . Similarly, when Martin Indyk - formerly deputy director of research at AIPAC and co-founder of

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force - Misplaced Pages Continue

3486-509: The IRGC conducted a successful suborbital test launch of the newly unveiled Qaem-100 launch vehicle. In September 2023, Noor-3 , also called Najm, was launched on a Qassed launcher to a 450 kilometer orbit. It weighs 24 kg, with a camera image resolution of 6 to 4.8 meters. Washington Institute for Near East Policy The Washington Institute for Near East Policy ( WINEP ), also known simply as The Washington Institute ( TWI ),

3569-425: The IRGC is believed to operate Iran's three Shahab-3 intermediate-range ballistic missiles units' while noting that their actual operational status remains uncertain. The Ghadr-110 is a medium-range ballistic missile designed and developed by Iran. The missile has a range of 1,800 to 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) and as such is the Iranian missile with the longest range. It is believed to be an improved version of

3652-589: The Institute for Palestine Studies: 92. 2006-04-01. doi : 10.1525/jps.2006.35.3.83 . During the Clinton administration, Middle Eastern policy was largely shaped by officials with close ties to Israel or to prominent pro-Israel organizations; among them, Martin Indyk, the former deputy director of research at AIPAC and co-founder of the pro-Israel Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) Mearsheimer, John J.; Walt, Stephen M. (2009). "The Blind Man and

3735-467: The Israeli military intelligence website DEBKAfile states that there is "no military force in the world has so far found an effective means of intercepting cruise missiles before they strike, unless they are short range." The missile is essentially immune to any sort of radar and missile defense systems. On 10 November 2022, during the 11th anniversary of the death of Hassan Tehrani Moghaddam , known as

3818-427: The Middle East. While the institute frequently hosts off-the-record events with policymakers and scholars, its policy forums are public events featuring newsmakers and analysts that are attended by officials and journalists and are broadcast live on-line. The institute also holds an annual policy conference that convenes policymakers, journalists and diplomats in Washington, D.C., for in-depth discussion and debate on

3901-619: The Muslims", and describing it as the "most important Zionist propaganda tool in the United States." In response, Martin Kramer , the editor of the Middle East Quarterly and a visiting fellow at WINEP, defended the group, saying that it is "run by Americans, and accepts funds only from American sources," and that it was "outrageous" for Khalidi to denounce Arabs that visited WINEP as "blundering dupes." John Mearsheimer ,

3984-707: The Senate Armed Services Committee in February 2014 that Iran was expected to test "a missile system that could potentially have ICBM-class range", a possible reference to the Simorgh satellite launch vehicle (SLV) on which Iran is working. On October 10, 2015, Iran launched a new missile, the Emad . The Emad is capable of delivering a nuclear weapon and has a range of 1,700 km (c. 1,000 miles), enough to reach all of Israel and Saudi Arabia. It

4067-534: The Shahab-3/3B with a range of up to 2,100 kilometers, which is the mainstay of Iran's strategic deterrent. This puts even NATO members Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria and Romania within striking range, if fired from Western Iran. If Iran ever produces nuclear weapons, they fall under the direct supervision of the Aerospace Force. Iran says that it has no intention of producing nuclear weapons. However, there

4150-679: The Trump presidency," according to The Economist . The magazine reported that Saudi authorities asked Khashoggi to stop writing after the institute appearance but the journalist chose to live in exile instead. He was assassinated in Istanbul in 2018 while visiting the Saudi consulate. The Washington Institute is considered an academic think tank (akin to the Brookings Institution and Public Policy Institute of California ), staffed largely by researchers holding doctorate degrees and generally not having

4233-623: The UN Security Council to investigate and take appropriate action. The Hoveyzeh Cruise Missile is an all-weather, surface-to-surface cruise missile . The Hoveyzeh is from the Soumar family of cruise missiles. The missile was unveiled and put on display on February 2, 2019, at an exhibition of defense achievements in Tehran during commemorations of the 40th anniversary of the 1979 Iranian Revolution. The surface-to-surface cruise missile

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4316-485: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy ( WINEP), founded in 1985, quickly achieved a much higher profile and much greater influence. Describing itself as "a public educational foundation dedicated to scholarly research and informed debate on U.S. interests in the Middle East,"9 WINEP emerged as the leading pro-Israel think tank in Washington. Its founding director, Martin Indyk, had previously worked at

4399-408: The Washington Institute was ranked 42nd on "Best Transdisciplinary Research Program at a Think Tank" and 42nd on "Think Tanks with Outstanding Policy-Oriented Public Programs". Several current and former members of WINEP have served in senior positions in the administrations of presidents George H. W. Bush , Bill Clinton , George W. Bush , Barack Obama and Donald Trump. As of October 2024,

4482-501: The Washington Institute's advisory board included: Previous board members Breger, Marshall (2002). Mittleman, Alan; Licht, Robert; Sarna, Jonathan D (eds.). Jews and the American Public Square: Debating Religion and Republic . G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 164. ISBN   978-0-7425-2124-7 . Archived from

4565-455: The core" of the Israel lobby in the United States . WINEP was founded in 1985 by Barbi Weinberg of Los Angeles, CA. Martin Indyk , an Australian-trained academic and former deputy director of research for AIPAC, was the first executive director. Indyk described the think tank as "friendly to Israel but doing credible research on the Middle East in a realistic and balanced way." The research

4648-525: The country obtained missile plans and production components from Russia and began constructing missile production facilities, including the two tunnels for housing Scud missiles at Kuh-e-Padri, located along the Persian Gulf between Bandar Abbas and Bushehr . Additionally, Iran received assistance from China in the construction of the Ballistic missile plant and test range east of Teheran and

4731-415: The existence of a military nuclear program whose goal was "to produce enough HEU ( Highly Enriched Uranium ) to enable the regime to produce nuclear weapons". Iran's continuous lack of transparency regarding their nuclear program has resulted in much suspicion regarding its intentions. According to the testimony of John Negroponte in 2006, Iran's ballistic missile development, together with its enhancement of

4814-416: The first of which was established in July 2003. They said that the six brigades were mainly equipped with standard variants, but with others described as enhanced Shahab-3 variants, with ranges of 1,300, 1,500, and 2,000 km (810, 930, and 1,240 mi), respectively. Anthony Cordesman at the Center for Strategic and International Studies however said only in August 2007 that 'the air force of

4897-669: The focus of the effort quickly changed and focused on assembly and maintenance. A domestic version of the Scud-B, known as Shahab-1 , was developed and manufactured. This led to its successor the Shahab-2 , a variant of the Scud-C with a range of 500 to 700 km, and finally the Shahab-3 . Since the end of the war, Iran has consistently attempted to recruit foreign help, as well as its large and highly qualified expatriate population, into its missile program. Iranian expatriates who left with

4980-743: The former Saudi intelligence chief, Prince Turki bin Faisal al Saud , alongside IDF Maj. Gen. (res.) Yaakov Amidror , a former national security adviser to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu , in a rare joint public appearance. Two years later, Dr. Mohammad Al-Issa, secretary-general of the Muslim World League , addressed the institute and advocated a more moderate and tolerant Islam. Dissident Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi participated in an institute forum in November 2016 in which he stated that Saudi Arabia should be "rightfully nervous about

5063-427: The key Middle East issues facing the United States. Institute scholars are public intellectuals who share their analysis frequently in major print and broadcast outlets. All institute output is available through its website in both English and Arabic. In addition to its permanent resident fellows—a group of experienced policymakers from government and academia—the institute also hosts visiting fellows from around

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5146-495: The language is not a legal prohibition. The U.S. ambassador to the UN Samantha Power said that the Emad missile was inherently capable of delivering a nuclear warhead which is therefore a violation. However, Vitaly Churkin , Russia's ambassador disputed this interpretation: "a call is different from a ban, so legally you cannot violate a call, you can comply with a call or you can ignore the call, but you cannot violate

5229-423: The laser-guided air-to-surface and surface-to-surface missile dubbed Bina (Insightful) have been successfully test-fired. The Bina missile is capable of striking important targets such as bridges, tanks and enemy command centres with great precision." After the war, Iran's experience of liquid fuel missiles had purely focused on the reverse engineering of Scud-B missiles. However, with the post war reorganisation

5312-489: The latter's for CAS and COIN for fighting against ISIS capabilities. All of them were replaced by Su-22 ", all of them flown from Iraq to Iran during 1991 Gulf War, and around forty EMB-312 Tucanos ". The Washington Institute said that the IRGCAF maintained thirty Y-12 and Dassault Falcon 20 light transports, as well as MFI-17 Mushshak and Super Mushshak trainers, and locally built Ababil and Mohajer reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The AFAGIR also operates

5395-420: The nose cone may become the satellite itself after separating from the final stage of the rocket, or it may be used as a payload fairing to shield the satellite until out of the atmosphere, then separating (often in two halves) from the satellite. On airliners the nose cone is also a radome protecting the weather radar from aerodynamic forces. The shape of the nose cone must be chosen for minimum drag so

5478-456: The organization on Al Jazeera for having strong ties to the pro-Israel lobbying group AIPAC and for being founded by a former AIPAC employee. In a December 2003 interview on Al Jazeera , Rashid Khalidi , a Palestinian-American professor and director of Columbia University 's Middle East Institute , sharply criticized WINEP, stating that it is "the fiercest of the enemies of the Arabs and

5561-448: The original on 2022-08-13 . Retrieved 2022-08-13 . For example, Martin Indyk who had worked for AIPAC and was the head of Washington Institute for Near East Policy, a think tank with close connections to Israel, played an important role in formulating US policy toward the Middle East in the 1990s 38°54′13″N 77°02′35″W  /  38.9037°N 77.043°W  / 38.9037; -77.043 Nose cone A nose cone

5644-587: The original on 2023-12-06 . Retrieved 2022-08-12 . Dennis Ross, from the Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP), a pro-Israel think tank closely aligned with AIPAC Lockman, Zachary (2005). "Critique from the Right: The Neo-conservative Assault on Middle East Studies". CR: The New Centennial Review . 5 (1). Michigan State University Press: 81–82. doi : 10.1353/ncr.2005.0034 . ISSN   1539-6630 . JSTOR   41949468 . S2CID   145071422 . By contrast,

5727-491: The original on 2023-12-06 . Retrieved 2022-08-12 . as the then newly founded Washington Institute for Near East Policy. This organization, a pro-Israel think tank, was itself a spin-off of AIPAC Marrar, K. (2008). The Arab Lobby and US Foreign Policy: The Two-State Solution . Routledge Research in American Politics and Governance. Taylor & Francis. ISBN   978-1-135-97071-0 . Archived from

5810-720: The original on 2023-12-06 . Retrieved 2022-08-13 . founded in 1985 as a pro-Israel but not specifically Jewish think tank. "Israel Captures 2 Palestinians Suspected in Deadly Ax Attack" . The New York Times . 2022-05-08. Archived from the original on 2022-08-11 . Retrieved 2022-08-12 . Ehud Yaari, an Israel-based analyst for the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, a pro-Israel think tank. Weiss, T.G.; Crahan, M.E.; Goering, J.; Goering, J.M.; Robinson, M. (2004). Wars on Terrorism and Iraq: Human Rights, Unilateralism, and U.S. Foreign Policy . Routledge. ISBN   978-0-415-70062-7 . Archived from

5893-623: The policy of the George H. W. Bush administration toward the Middle East peace process. The institute has earned a reputation for solid scholarship, is committed to the peace process , and is a "staunch supporter of Israel" — a relationship with which it believes advances U.S. security interests. It has bipartisan support in the US, though it is closer ideologically to the Democratic Party and generally opposes neoconservative policy. After

5976-510: The policy process from many angles: the written word, the spoken word, and personal contact. Institute experts research the region and brief officials in all branches of the U.S. government, both civilian and military. In addition to producing printed long-form monographs, the institute issues time-sensitive policy briefs which are distributed electronically by e-mail and social media. A Chicago Tribune editorial declared that institute-sponsored polls bring to light trends in popular thinking across

6059-567: The pro-Israel Washington Institute of Near East Policy - is appointed one of Bill Clinton's key Middle East advisors, it strains credulity to exclude him from the "loose coalition" that "actively works" to promote the "special relationship." Rynhold, Jonathan (2010). "Is the Pro-Israel Lobby a Block on Reaching a Comprehensive Peace Settlement in the Middle East?" . Israel Studies Forum . 25 (1). Berghahn Books: 31. ISSN   1557-2455 . JSTOR   41805052 . Archived from

6142-454: The process of Washington policymaking. The institute also supports a program for research assistants and interns that provides foreign policy experience for undergraduates and recent college graduates. Several institute alumni now hold positions in the government, military, and academia internationally. The institute's Scholar-Statesman Award honors individuals "whose public service and professional achievements exemplify sound scholarship and

6225-503: The production facility near Semnan , as well as guidance technologies and precision machine tools for the production of ballistic missiles. The largest of the missile production facilities in Iran is the complex located near Isfahan , the assembly site of the Scud-B missile kits from North Korea , and was built in cooperation with North Korea and possibly Chinese assistance. In May 2013, Iran's Ministry of Defense and Logistics delivered

6308-574: The revolution have been slow to return, but many are now doing so and thus heralding a new age for Iran's missile development programme with their tremendous wealth of technical experience. Iran has an arsenal of short-range, liquid-fueled missiles including the Scud-B and Scud-C , and is now able to produce SCUD type missiles on its own, such as the R-17E, a variant of the Russian R-17 Elbrus (Scud-B). The Aerospace Industries Organization,

6391-733: The rise of Islamic politics." It was during the Gulf War that the institute gained public recognition as a source for commentary and analysis. By 1992, it had a staff of 12–15 in-house research fellows, in addition to visiting scholars and support staff. Under Indyk's leadership, the institute gained notability as a center for the study and discussion of Middle East policy, and attracted Arab intellectuals to its events. Indyk would go on to serve in several U.S. diplomatic posts including U.S. ambassador to Israel, special envoy for Israeli–Palestinian negotiations, special assistant to President Clinton and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs at

6474-484: The satellite is "indeed an important accomplishment for the Iranian space program in general and its military in particular". Uzi Rubin commented that he "wouldn't be surprised" if an Iranian system of operational military space assets was soon operational. In July 2020, the Aerospace Force said that it had received detailed images of Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar, where United States Central Command 's forward headquarters

6557-536: The takeover of areas of Iraq by the Sunni militant group Daesh (ISIL) in 2014, The New York Times reported that Institute Lafer Fellow Michael Knights had alerted the U.S. National Security Council as early as 2012 to the rising level of insurgency among Iraq's Sunni minority. White House officials questioned his statistics and did not take action. The institute has been a forum for the discussion of key issues in U.S. policy toward Saudi Arabia. In May 2016, it hosted

6640-458: The world. Visiting fellows include both young people beginning their foreign policy careers and veterans who take advantage of a year in Washington, D.C., to study the Middle East from an American vantage point. In cooperation with the Army, Navy, Air Force, and State Department, WINEP offers one-year fellowships that enable rising officers to immerse themselves in the geopolitics of the Middle East and

6723-454: Was announced that its name has been changed from IRGC Air Force to IRGC Aerospace Force. In February 2014, Jane's announced that the Barani missile system had been tested. This system is a laser-guided air-to-surface missile which releases submunitions: "new generation of long-range ballistic missiles carrying multiple re-entry vehicle MIRV payloads". The UN Panel of Experts identified it as

6806-470: Was last launched during Holy Prophet wargames, which was the IRGC's largest naval war games ever. The Fajr-3 and the Fajr-3 artillery rocket are different systems. The Shahab-3 is a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) that was built by Iran's military. Its first model, also known as Shahab-3A has a range of 1,300 km (810 mi). Soon after Iran came with a new model called Shahab-3B , which has

6889-537: Was thus designed to be more independent and academic-quality. At the time it was founded, the institute's research focused on Arab–Israeli relations, political and security issues, and overall U.S. Middle East policy. In the 1990s, prompted by the collapse of the Soviet Union , the Persian Gulf War , and changes in regional strategy, the institute expanded its research agenda to "focus on Turkey and

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