120-617: The AFL Tribunal is the disciplinary tribunal of the Australian Football League (AFL), an Australian rules football competition. The Tribunal regulates the conduct of players, umpires , and other officials associated with the AFL and its clubs. Prior to 2005, any player who was reported would face a hearing at the AFL Tribunal. This process had become problematic, and in 2005, a new system (similar to that used by
240-608: A court with a single judge could describe that judge as "their tribunal". Many governmental bodies are titled "tribunals" to emphasize that they are not courts of normal jurisdiction . For instance, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda was a body specially constituted under international law ; in Great Britain , employment tribunals are bodies set up to hear specific employment disputes. In many but not all cases, tribunal implies
360-601: A pre-season match in 2016 , for which he was suspended for four matches. In February 2019, Greater Western Sydney player Nicola Barr became the first player in AFL Women's history to be referred directly to the AFLW Tribunal, where she was found guilty of rough conduct against North Melbourne 's Ashleigh Riddell and suspended for one match. Longest suspension Qualification: 20+ matches Prior to 1926, some players found guilty of serious offences were given
480-582: A challenge match had the result been reversed (1899, 1904 , 1907 , 1908 , 1911 , 1918 , 1927 and 1928 ); and three which decided the premiership but which could not have been followed by a challenge match due to the finals systems and circumstances of those years ( 1901 , 1903 and 1906 ). In 1902 , the Grand Final was first played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground , when Collingwood 9.6 (60) defeated Essendon 3.9 (27) before
600-522: A deal was made with the Melbourne Cricket Club (MCC), the Grand Final has been played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground every season, except when it has been unavailable. Under the current agreement among the AFL, MCC and Victorian Government , the ground is contracted to host the game every year until 2059. Since 1902, only seven Grand Finals have been played at other grounds: The match sells out most years, and routinely qualifies as
720-454: A judicial body with a lesser degree of formality than a court , with a simplified legal procedure, often presided over by a lawyer (solicitor or barrister) who is not a judge or magistrate (often referred to as a member of the tribunal). In many cases, the lawyers who function as tribunal members do so only part-time and spend the greater part of their time carrying out other aspects of legal practice, such as representing clients. In many cases,
840-569: A judicial or quasi-judicial body with a lesser degree of formality than a court, in which the normal rules of evidence and procedure may not apply, and whose presiding officers are frequently neither judges nor magistrates. Private judicial bodies are also often-styled tribunals. Tribunal is not conclusive of a body's function; in Great Britain, the Employment Appeal Tribunal is a superior court of record. The term
960-408: A lifetime suspension, but in each case the penalty was later commuted. Taylor was suspended for the rest of the 2020 season (six matches) for violating the AFL's COVID protocols. During this suspension, he was charged with assaulting his girlfriend by police; Taylor pleaded guilty to the charges and was suspended for all of 2021. Since Sydney had deregistered him prior to his second suspension, Taylor
1080-478: A misconduct charge, all against Geelong 's Steve Johnson . He was the first person to be charged with misconduct for interfering with an injured opponent. In May 2014, Melbourne midfielder Jack Viney was sent straight to the tribunal following a bump which resulted in Adelaide forward Tom Lynch breaking his jaw. Viney was found guilty of rough conduct by the tribunal, and suspended for two matches, after it
1200-462: A motorcade is staged, in which players who have retired since the previous grand final are given a lap of honour in open top cars. Curtain raiser matches are played on the main arena prior to the musical entertainment. Since 2008, this has been an under-16s or under-17s match, presently an exhibition match among the country's top under-17s players known as the AFL Futures match . Previously,
1320-416: A number of total demerit points . Each 100 total demerit points that a player finishes with then corresponds to a suspension for one match; e.g. a player who finished with 225 demerit points will receive a two-match suspension. If a player finishes with fewer than 100 demerit points, they are not suspended, but receives what is known as a reprimand . Because the penalty is standardised and pre-announced by
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#17327726600921440-413: A player receives a reprimand with 93.75 points, all of these points are residual as they are not enough to draw a suspension. Residual points from a previous offence will be added to the base demerit points of the player's next offence if it occurs within one year; a player's residual points are cancelled if a year elapses without a punishable offence. A player with prior suspensions over the past two years
1560-407: A preliminary final in the previous week, ending the long-standing custom of one qualifier enjoying a bye in the week before the grand final. The third and final drawn grand final occurred in 2010 between Collingwood and St Kilda , with Collingwood winning the replay; extra time has since been introduced to decide drawn grand finals, but it is yet to have been required. Hawthorn was dominant in
1680-530: A record eight premierships. The medal was first awarded in 2001, and it was retrospectively awarded to all premiership-winning coaches starting from 1950, the first season after McHale's retirement from coaching. The captain or co-captains of the winning team receive the Ron Barassi Medal , named in honour of ten-time premiership player and coach Ron Barassi Jr . The medal was first awarded in 2024. The game's leading goalkicker or goalkickers receive
1800-409: A reduction in one of the three factors; e.g. a player could try to have the conduct factor reduced from reckless to negligent. Should a player reduce the severity of their infraction, the penalty is re-evaluated and the player is again given the choice to plead guilty or further contest the revised charge. If an incident is ungraded ( i.e. has nine activation points), the player is required to attend
1920-430: A short finals system, usually a simple knockout tournament ending with a match called the 'final'; if the 'final' was not won by the home-and-away season's minor premiers , then the minor premiers had the right to challenge the winner of the 'final' to a playoff match for the premiership. At the time, it was only this challenge match, if played, which was known as the grand final; however, all 'final' matches which decided
2040-501: A single offence has been eight weeks, handed out to Fremantle 's Dean Solomon for elbowing Geelong 's Cameron Ling in round 15 of the 2008 season , and to West Coast 's Andrew Gaff for striking Fremantle 's Andrew Brayshaw in round 20 of the 2018 season . In Round 4, 2008, Barry Hall of the Sydney Swans was suspended for seven matches after striking West Coast's Brent Staker . In 2007, Steven Baker of St Kilda
2160-542: A small panel of former players and umpires. Within the review, the Match Review Panel grades the severity of the incident in three factors, and awards activation points depending upon the severity. The three factors are: The activation points from all three categories are added together to give the total activation points for the incident. It is important to note that an incident involving accidental/incidental conduct, or negligible impact, will be rejected and
2280-467: A system of finals to be contested after the home-and-away matches; this ensured that the premiership could not be decided until the last match had been played, generating greater public interest at the end of the season — compared with the VFA's system, which awarded the premiership based on win–loss record across the entire season, with a playoff match only in the event of tied records. The league arranged that
2400-560: A then-record Australian football crowd of 35,000. By 1908, every finals match was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, and new attendance records were set in 1908 (50,261), 1912 (54,463) and 1913 (59,479). During this period, Carlton became the first club to win three consecutive premierships, winning 'finals' in all three years. Football and grand finals continued through World War I , albeit with reduced attendances, and some controversy that it distracted from
2520-504: A total of 45; and Collingwood has also won the most consecutive grand finals, with four between 1927 and 1930 . Every current AFL club has played in at least one grand final, with the exception of the 2011 expansion club Gold Coast . The Victorian Football League (VFL) was established for the 1897 season by eight clubs which seceded from the Victorian Football Association (VFA). The new league introduced
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#17327726600922640-404: A tribunal hearing. Residuals (also called carry-over points) are any points a player may still have below the 100 required for a suspension. For every 100 points accrued, the player is suspended one week and the 100 points are subtracted; e.g. , a player with 225 demerit points is suspended for two weeks; 200 points are correspondingly subtracted, and the remaining 25 are residual points; or, if
2760-522: A tribunal is to a court. Tribunals in the Australian judicial system include the following: Every state has a "supertribunal" that covers a wide range of administrative decisions and, in some cases, has civil jurisdiction. In several Australian states, tribunals function as the equivalent of a small claims court . In the context of sport , "tribunal" frequently refers to the AFL Tribunal ,
2880-531: A unified system with recognised judicial authority, routes of appeal , and regulatory supervision. "Tribunal" is used in the U.S. generally to refer to courts or judicial bodies, as in the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct . The Ohio Rules of Professional Conduct, for instance, define "tribunal" as "a court, an arbitrator in a binding arbitration , or a legislative body, administrative agency, or other body acting in an adjudicative capacity." In
3000-691: Is a military tribunal in India. It was established under the Armed Forces Tribunal Act, 2007 . Permanent Lok Adalat (PUS) is a law court (also known as People's Court) and special tribunal set up in some districts throughout the country. It has been established under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 . In the Republic of Ireland , tribunal popularly refers to a public inquiry established under
3120-552: Is a quasi-judicial body in India that adjudicates issues relating to Indian companies . National Company Law Appellate Tribunal was constituted under Section 410 of the Companies Act, 2013, for hearing appeals against National Company Law Tribunal orders, effective 1 June 2016. In several states, Food Safety Appellate Tribunals have been created to hear appeals against orders of adjudicating officers for food safety (additional deputy commissioners). Armed Forces Tribunal
3240-501: Is also recorded on the perpetual E. L. Wilson Shield , which resides at AFL House. The shield, inaugurated in 1929, was named after long-serving VFL secretary Edwin Lionel Wilson . It was initially discontinued after 1978, when there was no room remaining on the shield. In 2016, it was rediscovered under a stairwell at AFL House; it was refurbished, extra space was added, and it was brought up to date. It, too, does not feature in
3360-420: Is awarded only to the players who participate in the winning grand final team (or in a drawn grand final team if their team won the replay). Players who do not play in the grand final itself do not receive the medal, regardless of their contribution to the club's season; this has been a point of contention, with many observers believing medals should be more broadly awarded across the premier's squad. Criteria for
3480-520: Is derived from the tribunes , magistrates of the Classical Roman Republic . Tribunal originally referred to the office of the tribunes, and the term is still sometimes used in this sense in historical writings. The tribunal was the platform upon which the presiding authority sat; having a raised position physically was symbolic of their higher position regarding the adjudication of the law. In Australia, tribunal generally implies
3600-441: Is left at the discretion of the league. A deregistered player may apply for an exemption to re-register or appeal the deregistration under the appropriate laws of the league after 12 months. However, only one request can be made. Should a player be exempted and re-registered, any further suspension will result in permanent, irrevocable deregistration. Deregistration is only practiced in country and suburban football competitions; it
3720-575: Is not a function of Tribunals to administer justice; their work is solely inquisitorial . Tribunals are obliged to report their findings to the Oireachtas . They can enforce the attendance and examination of witnesses and produce documents relevant to the work. Tribunals can consist of one or more people. A layperson or non-lawyer may be the Sole member of a tribunal. Historically, before the separation of lawmaking, law enforcement, and justice duties in
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3840-412: Is not practiced by the AFL as of 2022, since the deregistration policy was designed for serial aggressive offenders, not low-level repeat offenders: in the event, there has not been a serial aggressive offender issue at AFL level since the mid-1990s. The AFL Tribunal administration consists of the tribunal itself, an appeals board, and a match review panel. Since the overhaul, the heaviest suspension for
3960-475: Is presented to the player judged best on ground in the grand final by a panel of experts. The award is named in honour of ten-time Melbourne premiership player and coach Norm Smith . It was first awarded in 1979 , and has come to carry great prestige as an individual prize. The coach of the winning team receives the Jock McHale Medal , named in honour of Collingwood coach Jock McHale who coached
4080-408: Is still widely used as a metonym for the premiership itself in Australian rules football parlance, including in many of the league's team songs . The most prestigious award for supporters is the AFL premiership cup, which is presented to the captain and coach of the winning team in a ceremony after the game. Prior to the Grand Final, it is traditional for the captain of each side to hold one side of
4200-417: Is subject to an additional penalty known as loading . For each week in excess of two that a player has been suspended over the past two years, he receives an additional penalty of 10% of the current offence's original base score, up to a maximum penalty of 50%; e.g. a player suspended for three matches will receive a 10% loading, while one suspended for seven matches will receive a 50% loading. (Prior to 2013,
4320-467: Is typically known as an early guilty plea . As a result of this rule, players are often faced with the option of accepting a shorter suspension with an early plea, or contesting the charge and risking a longer suspension if unsuccessful. Note that if a player contests the match review panel's assessment at the Tribunal, and has the number of base demerit points changed, the penalty is re-evaluated, meaning
4440-795: The Jack Collins Medal from the AFL Premiership Players' Club. The first four Grand Finals were played at different neutral venues chosen by the league's match committee a week in advance: these were played at the St Kilda Cricket Ground ( 1898 and 1899 ), the East Melbourne Cricket Ground ( 1900 ) and the South Melbourne Cricket Ground ( 1901 ). Since the fifth Grand Final in 1902, after
4560-415: The 1956 Olympic Games , the ground was upgraded again with a new stand and extra capacity, and the 1956 grand final was seen as a dry run for the opening ceremony of the games two months later. Although the official capacity was 120,000, the ground could not comfortably accommodate the record crowd of 115,802. Some spectators who gained entry perched dangerously on the back fences of the grandstands and even
4680-624: The Australian Football League (AFL) season. Prior to 1990 it was known as the VFL Grand Final , as the league was then known as the Victorian Football League , and both were renamed due to the national expansion of the competition. Played at the end of the finals series , the game has been held annually since 1898 , except in 1924 . It is traditionally staged on the afternoon of the last Saturday in September, at
4800-472: The Catholic Church , ecclesiastical courts are called tribunals. Tribunals are distinguished by grade, while proceedings are distinguished by instance; for example, an archdiocesan tribunal may hear a cause in the first instance if the cause is first brought before the archdiocesan tribunal. Or, if the cause was first heard before the diocesan tribunal and is now appealed to the archdiocesan tribunal,
4920-536: The Geelong–Collingwood grand final attracted 88,540, with spectators crossing the fence and sitting eight deep along the boundary line; the following year, another record of 96,486 watched Collingwood play Carlton . Melbourne dominated the final years before the Pacific War , comfortably winning grand finals in 1939, 1940 and 1941. Football served as a distraction for people and as a war fundraiser on
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5040-873: The Judiciary of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China : Lands , Small Claims , Labour , Obscene Articles . For public inquiries, commissions are set up instead under the Commissions of Inquiry Ordinance. There are tribunals for settling various administrative and tax-related disputes, including Central Administrative Tribunal, Income Tax Appellate Tribunal , Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal , National Green Tribunal, Competition Appellate Tribunal and Securities Appellate Tribunal, among others. The National Company Law Tribunal
5160-402: The Melbourne Cricket Ground . As the premier match of the AFL season, it attracts one of the largest audiences in Australian sport, regularly attracting a crowd of more than 100,000 and a television audience of millions. The club which wins the grand final receives the AFL's premiership cup and flag; players on the winning team receive a gold premiership medallion, and the best player receives
5280-537: The NRL Judiciary at the time) was adopted. The changes were primarily made to reduce the number of tribunal hearings, and to improve the consistency of penalties. The current tribunal process is as follows: On-field umpires and certain off-field observers can report players for incidents which occur during games. On the Monday after the round of football, each incident is then reviewed by the Match Review Panel,
5400-542: The Norm Smith Medal . As of the end of 2024, a total of 129 grand finals have been played, including three grand final replays . The Carlton Football Club and Collingwood Football Club have both won 16 grand finals, the most of any club; the Essendon Football Club has also won 16 premierships, although only 14 were earned in grand finals. Collingwood has appeared in the most grand finals,
5520-457: The Table of Offences . As an example, any player charged by the Match Review Panel with a Level 4 Kicking offence receives 550 base demerit points. This is where the Match Review Panel's role in the Tribunal process ends. Following the Match Review Panel's findings, a player's base points are subjected to a series of additions and deductions (which are described in the next section) to arrive at
5640-697: The Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act 1921 . The main difference between a Parliamentary Inquiry (non-statutory) and a Tribunal of Inquiry in Ireland is that non-statutory inquiries are not vested with the powers, privileges, and rights of the High Court. Tribunals of Inquiry are. Tribunals are established by resolution of the Houses of the Oireachtas to enquire into matters of urgent public importance . It
5760-401: The judicial system of Belgium , the names of the lower trial courts can be translated into English as "tribunals" ( Dutch : rechtbank , French : tribunal , German : gericht ). In comparison, the higher appellate courts can be translated as "courts" ( Dutch : hof , French : cour , German : hof ). The Judiciary of Brazil officially names "tribunal" the appeal court and
5880-454: The 1960s, the VFL constructed its own privately owned ground, VFL Park (later Waverley Park), to a capacity of 75,000. The league announced that it would move the grand final to VFL Park starting from 1984 , and submitted plans to expand its ground's capacity to 104,500; but the upgrade was blocked by the state government, which even threatened to pass legislation requiring that the game remain at
6000-565: The 1980s and when rival codes such as the NRL began regularly broadcasting the NRL Grand Final in the evening for primetime television. AFL CEO Gillon McLachlan has stated that it is out of respect for tradition that the afternoon timeslot has remained, even though playing in the twilight or night timeslots would attract more lucrative television deals. Only the two grand finals played outside Victoria strayed from this, each being played in
6120-432: The E. L. Wilson Shield, and A$ 1.2 million in prize money. The premiership flag is the most symbolic and longest-standing award for the clubs. It is a large, triangular pennant in league colours (navy blue fimbriated with white) and emblazoned with the league logo, the word 'premiers' and the year of the premiership. It does not feature in post-match presentations, but tradition dictates that it be ceremonially unfurled from
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#17327726600926240-514: The MCC took a large portion of the gate and retained free entry privileges for its members, an entitlement it had held since 1902. In the early 1950s, Princes Park was almost upgraded to become the Olympic Stadium , which would have provided an alternative venue; but when the Melbourne Cricket Ground was upgraded instead, it remained the only ground large enough to accommodate the game. In
6360-418: The Match Review Panel is doubled after the additions and deductions previously mentioned. This loading is meant to discourage excessively rough or violent play, as any penalties given as a result would not apply until the following season. This was instituted as a result of fighting in the 2004 AFL Grand Final between Alastair Lynch and Darryl Wakelin , and several brawls during the match, which resulted in
6480-428: The Match Review Panel, the player has the option to plead guilty to the charge and receive his penalty without the need to attend a Tribunal hearing; they receive a deduction for doing this (see next section). Alternatively, a player may choose to appeal the findings of the Match Review Panel, and attend a Tribunal hearing to argue the case. Players may appeal to try to have their entire charge withdrawn, or may argue for
6600-401: The Melbourne Cricket Ground. Eventually, the VFL, MCC and Victorian government negotiated for the game to remain at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, with better terms and access privileges for VFL members. Since the expansion of the league interstate beyond Victoria, the long-term deals at the Melbourne Cricket Ground have been criticised as unfair for non-Victorian clubs, who play fewer games at
6720-576: The Netherlands, all sentences were delivered by a tribunal of seven schepenen , or magistrates, appointed by the local count. Such a tribunal was called a Vierschaar , so named for a rope—or cord—drawn ( schaar or scheren ) in a four-square dimension, wherein the judges sat on four benches. These benches were also positioned in a square, with the defendant standing in the middle. Towns had the Vierschaar privilege to hear disputes. The Vierschaar
6840-418: The Tribunal handing down stiff penalties – Lynch was suspended for ten matches and fined $ 15,000 – and adding the double penalty rule. The Match Review Panel also assesses a variety of offences for which players are fined but not suspended, including wrestling, negligent contact with an umpire, making an obscene gesture, etc. As for physical offences, there is a standardised table of penalties, which depend upon
6960-449: The absence of Victorian clubs. On the first public holiday parade in 2015, a record 150,000 spectators attended. The North Melbourne Grand Final Breakfast has been held annually since 1967 on the morning of the grand final. It is a corporate-style breakfast event, featuring keynote speakers and guests including prime ministers, state premiers and football celebrities. It is the most well-known corporate hospitality event associated with
7080-480: The arena after the presentations and player celebrations have concluded, which is free and open to the general public. The pre-match entertainment frequently features traditional football and Australian songs performed live, including " Up There Cazaly ", " One Day in September ", " That's the Thing About Football ", " Holy Grail ", " Waltzing Matilda " and the competing teams' club songs. Each year,
7200-480: The armistice with Japan was declared. When the Melbourne Cricket Ground was relinquished by the government in August 1946, there was great expectation in the buildup to the grand finals, and attendances were soon back to 1930s levels. In 1948, Essendon and Melbourne played the first drawn grand final in history; a full replay was played the following week, which Melbourne won. The sight of thousands sitting between
7320-594: The case to the AFL Appeals Board. The board will re-hear the case, with a different set of panel members, and may uphold or change the Tribunal's original decision. The Appeals Board was established in 1998 following a recommendation from Justice John Hedigan of the Supreme Court of Victoria , after several tribunal findings were appealed through the Victorian court system during the mid-1990s. Under
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#17327726600927440-419: The club-awarded medals prior to 1977 depended on the individual clubs' decisions. From 1977 until 1981 , runners-up medals were also presented during the post-match ceremony. This was discontinued after 1981, popularly attributed to the negative spectacle of Collingwood 's Peter Moore — in his fourth losing grand final — throwing the medal on the ground shortly after receiving it. The Norm Smith Medal
7560-444: The course of their career will be automatically deregistered and barred from any further participation. Any previous suspensions within the AFL are carried over at 75% of their original length (e.g. a previous suspension of four weeks will only count as three weeks under this policy), but any immediate suspension is to be considered at its full length. If any player receives an immediate first suspension of 16 weeks or more, deregistration
7680-486: The cup in official promotional photos. The premiership cup is silver (with the exception of the 1996 cup, which was gold to commemorate the league's 100th season), and it is adorned with ribbons in the winning team's colours when presented. A new cup is manufactured each year by Cash's International at its metalworks in Frankston . The cup was first introduced in 1959 after league president Kenneth Luke sought to recreate
7800-579: The disciplinary body of the Australian Football League . In Bangladesh, tribunal refers to a court that serves some special purpose, of which Bangladesh has several. These have been set up to ensure speedy trial and reduce case congestion in the normal courts. Besides this, Article 117 of the Constitution of Bangladesh empowers the parliament to set up one or more administrative tribunals. No court can entertain any proceeding or make any order regarding any matter within such tribunal's jurisdiction. In
7920-513: The early 2010s, winning three grand finals in a row between 2013 and 2015. The COVID-19 pandemic affected the scheduling of the match in 2020 and 2021 , as outbreaks of the virus in Melbourne during finals precluded unrestricted travel and mass gatherings in Victoria. In 2020, when most of the league's clubs had been relocated to Queensland for the majority of the season, the grand final
8040-587: The east-coast night timeslot: the pandemic-delayed 2020 grand final , to avoid a broadcasting clash with the Cox Plate ; and the 2021 grand final in Perth, which would have needed an impractically early 12:30pm local start to meet the traditional timeslot. Until the 2015 season, a drawn grand final would be replayed the following Saturday to determine the premier. This occurred on three occasions: in 1948 , 1977 and 2010 . The provision to play extra time in
8160-428: The event of a draw was introduced in 2016, ensuring that future grand finals will always be decided on the scheduled day. In the event of a drawn game, the teams will play two extra time periods in full, each lasting three minutes plus time on , with a change of ends after the first period: if still tied, further pairs of extra time periods will be played in the same manner until a winner is determined. From 2016 to 2019,
8280-453: The exception of MCC members, who are entitled to gain free entry to the members' area on the day of the match without pre-purchase of tickets, or with pre-purchase of a $ 30 reserved seat. As the largest venue in Melbourne, long-term contracts have secured the game at the Melbourne Cricket Ground since as early as the 1930s. The VFL resented its reliance on the arrangement, as the ground's government-appointed trust fixed admission prices, and
8400-464: The fence and the boundary line was now usual at the grand final, often resulting in injuries to spectators when players collided with them. Spectators were admitted on a first-come basis, and thousands took to lining up outside the stadium from the Friday before the match to gain the best vantage point when the gates opened on the morning. As the Melbourne Cricket Ground was used as the main stadium for
8520-480: The first and only club to win four consecutive premierships, winning in 'finals' in 1927 and 1928, then grand finals in 1929 and 1930. In 1931, the Page–McIntyre Final Four system was introduced for finals, which eliminated the minor premier's right to challenge and guaranteed four finals and a genuine grand final each year. Under this system, and all systems which followed it until 1993, one team entered
8640-403: The flagpole at the premiers' first home game of the following season. The awarding of a flag, and its ceremonial unfurling, have been tradition since the very first VFL premiership in 1897, and had been customary before that in the VFA and other sports in Victoria since around 1889. Although the flag is of lower physical importance than the cup, it retains its symbolic significance, and "the flag"
8760-484: The formal rules of evidence that apply in courts do not apply in tribunals, which enables tribunals to hear forms of evidence that courts may not be allowed to consider. Tribunals generally deal with simpler matters; while legal representation is permitted and not uncommon, self-representation is much more common in tribunals than in courts, and tribunal members and registry staff are generally more accustomed to dealing with self-represented parties than courts are. Appeal from
8880-499: The game. When field umpire Phil Waight attempted to report Bourke for the incident, Bourke shoved Waight to the ground and kicked him, and also made contact with the Collingwood runner who was attempting to take him off the ground before running into the stands to attack a Swans fan. Bourke was found guilty at the Tribunal of kicking an umpire, kicking and assault, and was suspended for 10 years plus 16 matches (239 matches), which
9000-458: The gate from finals matches be shared among all teams, which guaranteed a better dividend to the league's weaker clubs. Although the finals system used in 1897 had the possibility of a grand final, one was not required. As such, the match now recognised as the first grand final took place in the league's second season, on 24 September 1898 , between Essendon and Fitzroy at the St Kilda Cricket Ground . This match too had been in doubt until
9120-407: The grand final into Victoria began in 1977, which saw the second drawn grand final between North Melbourne and Collingwood . The Norm Smith Medal , awarded to the best on ground in the game, was introduced in 1979. The 1980s saw a concerted effort by the VFL to relocate the grand final to its privately owned VFL Park , in search of a better commercial deal, but the move was ultimately blocked by
9240-440: The grand final with a bye week after winning the second semi-final; and the other entered after winning the preliminary final in the week before the grand final. More often than not, the grand final was a rematch between the teams who played the second semi-final two weeks earlier. Several new record crowds were set through the 1930s, and the Melbourne Cricket Ground's new Southern Stand was constructed and opened in 1937. That year,
9360-531: The grand final, and it rose to prominence in the 1970s when it was first televised across Victoria; it was endorsed by the VFL as the official pre-match function. Since then, the event has grown into a significant money raiser for the North Melbourne Football Club . Today, the breakfast is broadcast live on Fox Footy . Since the match was televised live in the late 1970s, many big Australian and international music stars have performed on
9480-406: The ground and are always forced to carry the travel burden of playing in the grand final. The grand final is conventionally played on the afternoon of the last Saturday in September; it is often referred to in popular culture as the "One day in September", which is also the name of a famous football song . Since the introduction of the four-term school year to Victoria in 1987, it has fallen during
9600-410: The ground as part of pre-match, or occasionally half-time, entertainment. The pre-match entertainment has at times been criticised as uninspiring; and two performances in particular — Angry Anderson in 1991 and Meat Loaf in 2011 — are routinely mocked for the poor performances of the artists. Since 2012, the main pre-match/half-time entertainer has also performed a post-match entertainment set on
9720-422: The health department's revised ground capacity of 102,000 over the following years. Melbourne dominated the 1950s, playing a record seven consecutive grand finals from 1954 to 1960, and winning five premierships, including three in a row from 1955 to 1957. The establishment of the modern premiership cup in 1959 gave the after-match a ceremonial focus and allowed the attention to settle on the premier team, ending
9840-605: The home front during the World War II . The Australian government requisitioned a number of VFL grounds, including the Melbourne Cricket Ground, so the grand finals were staged at Carlton's Princes Park in 1942 , 1943 and 1945 , and at the St Kilda Cricket Ground in 1944 . The last of those games, in 1945, saw a capacity crowd of 62,986 squeeze into the Carlton ground, which was played just weeks after
9960-559: The last eight decisive grand finals it had played since its 1958 premiership, a streak which became known as the " Colliwobbles "; this came to an end with its victory against Essendon in the 1990 grand final . Starting in the 1980s, the Victorian Football League (VFL) expanded interstate, and it was renamed the Australian Football League (AFL) in 1990. Perth-based West Coast , which joined
10080-653: The latter may hear the cause in the second instance. Only the Roman Rota can hear causes in the third instance, with limited exceptions. Other tribunals are incompetent in the third instance because of grade ( ratione gradus ) since they do not have the jurisdiction to judge in the third instance. Tribunals include: Tribunals also play an integral role in health sectors within and across nations. They are often referred to as "adjunctive tribunals". These quasi-judicial bodies possess regulatory, oversight, and dispute-resolution powers to aid health decision-making and governance. At
10200-484: The league in 1987, became the first non-Victorian club to both contest and win a grand final, in 1991 and 1992 , respectively; and, between 1992 and 2006, non-Victorian clubs won ten out of the fifteen grand finals, with the Brisbane Lions enjoying the greatest success, with three premierships in a row between 2001 and 2003 . Since 1994, new finals systems required both grand finalists to qualify by winning
10320-404: The league was not always guaranteed four finals, and there was the perception that semi-finals could be thrown to guarantee a grand final and the dividend which came with it. On several occasions during the 1920s, semi-final crowds exceeded that of the final or grand final. In 1924 , for the second and last time, no recognised grand final was played; a round-robin finals system was played, with
10440-524: The league's history, premiership medals were awards made by clubs or their benefactors to the players as part of their celebrations; however, since live telecasts of the game were introduced in 1977, the medal has been a league award presented in the on-field presentation following the match. Since 2002, the medals have been presented each year by children selected nationwide from the Auskick junior football program. The league-endorsed medal dating from 1977
10560-423: The nature of the offence, and any prior similar offences; e.g. a player's second wrestling offence attracts double the penalty of his first. As for physical offences, a player can accept his penalty with an early guilty plea, receiving a 25% reduction in his fine, or he may contest it and risk the full penalty. If a player or the AFL wishes to appeal against a decision handed down in a tribunal hearing, it may take
10680-484: The night before it was played, Essendon disputing the choice and fitness-for-use of the St Kilda ground, which had already been top-dressed for the cricket season. Despite appealing to the league and even announcing it intended to forfeit, Essendon relented and played the game, and Fitzroy won the inaugural grand final 5.8 (38) d. 3.5 (23) before a crowd of 16,538. Most VFL finals systems utilised until 1930 comprised
10800-502: The official AFL Deregistration Policy first implemented in May 2011, any player who accumulates a total of at least 10 weeks of suspensions over the course of their football career (both inside and outside the AFL) receives a formal notice that further suspensions can result in their automatic deregistration from the league. Any player who accumulates a total of 16 weeks or more of suspensions over
10920-403: The on-field presentation. As of 2019, the premier also receives $ 1.2 million in prize money, with $ 660k for the runners-up. Prior to its increase in 2007, the prize for the premier was only $ 250k, which was not even enough to cover an interstate club's participation in the finals series. Each player from the winning team who plays in the grand final is awarded a premiership medal. For much of
11040-581: The ones above it, always with more than one judge. The higher court is the Supremo Tribunal Federal (Supreme Federal Court), followed by the superior tribunals ( Superior Tribunal de Justiça , Tribunal Superior Eleitoral , Tribunal Superior do Trabalho , Superior Tribunal Militar ). The federal justice is divided into regions; each has its Tribunal Regional Federal (Regional Federal Court). Also, each state has its own Tribunal de Justiça (Justice Court). The following tribunals exist within
11160-763: The parade began at the Old Treasury Building, and headed down Spring Street and Wellington Parade, ending within Yarra Park outside the Melbourne Cricket Ground. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the 2020 and 2021 parades did not occur. In 2022 , part of the parade saw the teams travel down the Yarra River on boats. In the city centre, a parade featuring two Victorian teams in fine weather would generally attract in excess of 100,000 fans; attendances are typically lower in inclement weather or in
11280-473: The past appeared on parade floats it has become a motorcade of open-top vehicles, weather permitting. From its inception until 2014, the parade was based in the Melbourne city centre, usually proceeding along St Kilda Road , Swanston Street , Collins Street and ending at the steps of the Old Treasury Building . From 2015 (when the day of the parade became a public holiday) to 2019 ,
11400-433: The periods were to have lasted five minutes plus time on, with a third untimed period of golden point extra time to have been played if the game remained tied after the first two periods. As of season 2024, extra time has not yet been required to decide a grand final. Since 1977 , a grand final parade featuring the players from each team has been held around midday on the Friday before each grand final. The players have in
11520-419: The player will receive no penalty, even if the activation points in the other categories are high. Because of this, any offence must rate at least three activation points to be considered further. Next, activation points are converted into an offence level : Next, the player is given a number of base demerit points , based on the type and level of his offence. The base demerit point totals are standardised in
11640-425: The player, in spite of attending a hearing, can still take an early guilty plea on the revised charge. The final offence score is thus calculated from this series of discrete steps: Each addition or deduction is made to the final result of the previous calculation step. Any reportable offence that occurs during a Grand Final match will receive a double penalty : the offence's original base score as determined by
11760-405: The premiership have since retrospectively been considered grand finals. The 1899 VFL grand final is the earliest such game; it was won by Fitzroy , while losing team South Melbourne would have had to have defeated Fitzroy again in a challenge match to win the premiership. In all, eleven 'finals' are now considered grand finals: eight which were won by the minor premiers and would have resulted in
11880-434: The previous custom of the crowd descending on the arena and variously chairing or walking the players off the ground. Delayed telecasts of the match were first shown on television in 1961. The grandstands were expanded again in 1968, and an enduring record crowd of 121,696 saw one of the most famous grand finals of all in 1970 , in which Carlton overcome a 44-point half-time deficit to defeat Collingwood . Live telecasts of
12000-402: The relevant period was three years, and loading began with the first match suspended.) Any player with more than six years (increased in 2013, previously five years) experience who has not been found guilty of a punishable offence over the previous five years receives a 25% deduction. Finally, players will receive a 25% deduction by accepting the Match Review Panel's finding without contest; this
12120-530: The roof of the southern stand to get a view of the game; and in violent scenes outside the ground, at least 2,500 gained entry by mobbing gates, climbing fences or sneaking in when the Military Band arrived, while at least 20,000 more were turned away at the gate. To finally prevent a recurrence of these growing crowd management problems, the VFL introduced a pre-purchase ticketing system for the finals and grand final from 1957, and attendances hovered around
12240-407: The same time, the actual effects of adjunctive tribunals on health services are disputed, as little evidence exists to evaluate their efficacy. More empirical evaluations are needed to ensure that tribunals operate in a more evidence-based, systematic manner within the health sector. AFL Grand Final The AFL Grand Final is an Australian rules football match to determine the premiers for
12360-453: The spectacle he had observed at England's FA Cup final; a lap of honour with the cup by the winning team has become customary since 1966 . Since 2004 , it has become tradition for the cup to be presented by a past legend of the winning club, with each club's potential presenter nominated ahead of the game. In 2004, the AFL allowed clubs to purchase cups based on the current design for premierships won prior to 1959. The premier club's name
12480-579: The spring school holiday break; and, since 2015, the 'Friday before the AFL Grand Final' has been a gazetted public holiday in Victoria. Occasionally, the match is scheduled for the first Saturday in October, and prior to the introduction of extra time to finals in 1991, any drawn finals matches would be replayed, delaying all subsequent finals by a week and pushing the grand final into October. The earliest grand final date has been 2 September in
12600-427: The state government and the game remained at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. The 1980s saw a sustained period of dominance by Hawthorn , which contested seven consecutive grand finals from 1983 to 1989, winning four of them. The 1989 Grand Final , a high scoring and very physical encounter in which Hawthorn defeated Geelong by six points, is considered to be one of the greatest of all time. By 1990, Collingwood had lost
12720-452: The top team from the round robin to face the minor premiers in a grand final if required; but, when minor premiers Essendon also won the round robin, no grand final was staged. This new finals system was abandoned after one year. A new record crowd of 64,288 was set in 1925, when Geelong played and won its first grand final, attracting a huge contingent of both provincial and metropolitan supporters. Between 1927 and 1930, Collingwood became
12840-518: The two competing clubs; up to 5,000 for staff, sponsors and guests of the competing clubs; up to 7,000 for staff, sponsors and guests of the non-competing clubs; 5,000 to 30,000 for corporate box, coterie and hospitality packages; and 16,000 to 26,000 for Melbourne Cricket Club members in the ground's permanently dedicated members' reserve area. Where demand outstrips supply within one of those groups, tickets are usually allocated by ballot, and must be pre-purchased at prices ranging from $ 155 to $ 422 — with
12960-490: The war effort, with one critic calling for the Carlton team to receive the Iron Cross as their premiership medallion. However, many diggers supported the continuance of the game, and returned servicemen were granted free admission to a portion of the grandstand for the 1918 grand final , with many attending in uniform. During the 1920s, the VFL grappled with the problems of the challenge final system — specifically that
13080-509: The war-shortened 1916 season, and in the 2000 season, which was scheduled early to avoid a clash with the Sydney Olympics . The latest grand final date has been 24 October, in the 2020 season, which was delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic . Throughout its history, the grand final has remained scheduled for the traditional Saturday afternoon timeslot, most recently at 2:30pm AEST, even after night premiership football became common in
13200-407: The world's most attended domestic sports championship event . The capacity of the Melbourne Cricket Ground is 100,024 and tickets to the game are allocated to different membership groups. In 2019, the allocations were: 13,000 to 23,000 for AFL members, with priority given to nominated supporters of the competing clubs; 3,000 to 5,000 for AFL Medallion Club members; 34,000 divided between the members of
13320-466: Was commuted in 1992 to six years plus 16 matches (151 matches). It remains one of the most infamous suspensions in the modern history of the sport, and was covered by Australian media for some time afterward. Tribunal A tribunal , generally, is any person or institution with authority to judge , adjudicate on, or determine claims or disputes—whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title. For example, an advocate who appears before
13440-424: Was doubled from two weeks to four weeks. In June 2018, Greater Western Sydney player Jeremy Cameron became the first player in AFL history to be referred directly to the tribunal more than once in his career, where he was found guilty of striking Brisbane Lions player Harris Andrews and suspended for five matches. He had previously been sent straight to the tribunal after breaking Rhys Mathieson 's jaw during
13560-576: Was later exonerated on appeal due to mistaken identity. One noteworthy suspension imposed by the VFL/AFL Tribunal was against John Bourke of the Collingwood Reserves: this is not listed above because Bourke was not a member of a senior team. In an outburst broadcast on Australia's Seven Network on 28 April 1985, Bourke kicked Sydney Swans Reserves ruckman Patrick Foy in the groin in response to Foy tagging him throughout
13680-427: Was low was due to character reference statements given by Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull and media personality Waleed Aly . Following an announcement of the penalty, there was a public outcry about the length of the suspension. The following day the AFL announced they would challenge the decision, and the matter would be heard in front of the appeals tribunal. Following an extensive review hearing, Houli's suspension
13800-460: Was not officially listed as a player at the time of his second suspension. Cousins was suspended for a period of twelve months for "bringing the game into disrepute", equating to 22 matches. Since West Coast had deregistered him prior to his suspension, Cousins was not officially listed as a player at the time of his suspension. Stephenson's suspension was backdated, meaning he only missed ten matches, having been provisionally suspended. Baxter
13920-458: Was originally given a two-week suspension for striking Lamb during the first quarter of the Round 14 match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground . Houli was reported for the incident, which saw Lamb sit out the remainder of the match, and sent straight to the tribunal the following day. When his case went before the tribunal that week, he was given the two-week suspension, but part of the reason the penalty
14040-529: Was played at the Gabba in Brisbane, the first time it had been played outside Victoria. It was also played at night, the first time it was not played in the afternoon time slot. The following season, it was played at Optus Stadium in Perth in a twilight timeslot. Aside from the prestige of winning the premiership, the premiership-winning club receives four prizes: the premiership cup, the premiership flag ,
14160-432: Was ruled that he had options other than to bump Lynch. Melbourne subsequently appealed the suspension, which was overturned, making it just the second time since 2005 that an appeal against the AFL Tribunal's ruling was overruled. In June 2017, the AFL challenged the tribunal's verdict for the first time in history, following an off-the-ball incident involving Richmond player Bachar Houli and Carlton 's Jed Lamb : Houli
14280-467: Was suspended for seven matches for rough conduct on Jeff Farmer (although the base suspension was only four weeks, with residual points and a significant loading due to his poor record his penalty increased to seven). The longest suspension was handed out in June 2010; St Kilda's Steven Baker was suspended for a total of nine weeks after he pleaded guilty to three striking charges and was found guilty of
14400-518: Was usually located in the town hall, and many historical town halls still have such a room, usually decorated with scenes from the Judgement of Solomon . The tribunal system of the United Kingdom is part of the national system of administrative justice . Though it has grown up on an ad hoc basis since the beginning of the twentieth century, from 2007, reforms were put in place to build
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