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26-692: The Hlubi people or AmaHlubi are an AmaMbo ethnic group native to Southern Africa , with the majority of population found in Gauteng , Mpumalanga , KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa . Hlubi people are located in Eastern Cape, Lesotho, and KwaZulu-Natal most Amahlubi speak IsiXhosa, Sesotho, and a handful speaks isiZulu, the language is near extinction many AmaHlubi identify themselves as Xhosa or Sotho, Zulu speakers. The Hlubi, similar to other current Southern African nations, originate from Central Africa. They moved as part of

52-578: A chieftain often depended on how well he could hold his clan together. From about 1800, the rise of the Zulu clan of the Nguni, and the consequent Mfecane that accompanied the expansion of the Zulus under Shaka helped to drive a process of alliance and consolidation among many of the smaller clans. For example, the kingdom of Eswatini was formed in the early nineteenth century by different Nguni groups allying with

78-534: A mix of these two religions, usually not separately. The following peoples are considered Nguni: Ngoni people by ethnicity are found in Malawi (under Paramount Chief Mbelwa and Maseko Paramouncy), Zambia (under Paramount Chief Mpezeni), Mozambique and Tanzania (under Chief Zulu Gama) . In Malawi and Zambia, they speak a mixture of the languages of the people they conquered, such as Chewa , Nsenga and Tumbuka . Transvaal (province) The Province of

104-616: The Commonwealth of Nations and became the Republic of South Africa . The PWV (Pretoria- Witwatersrand - Vereeniging ) conurbation in the Transvaal, centred on Pretoria and Johannesburg , became South Africa's economic powerhouse, a position it still holds today as Gauteng Province. In 1994, after the fall of apartheid , the former provinces were abolished, and the Transvaal ceased to exist. The south-central portion (including

130-680: The Golden Lions (formerly Transvaal ) formed in 1889. The Orlando Pirates Football Club was founded in 1937 and was originally based in Orlando, Soweto and Kaizer Chiefs were founded in January 1970. In the same year, Mamelodi Sundowns F.C. originated from Marabastad, a cosmopolitan area north west of the Pretoria CBD in the early 1960s. Cricket teams from the former Transvaal include Transvaal (later Gauteng ) which represented

156-479: The Ndebele people live primarily in the province of Matabeleland . Most of what is believed about ancient Nguni history comes from oral history and legends. Traditionally, their partial ancestors are said to have migrated to Africa's Great Lakes region from the north. According to linguistic evidence and historians (including John H. Robertson, Rebecca Bradley, T. Russell, Fabio Silva, and James Steele), some of

182-783: The Vaal River in the south, and the Limpopo River in the north, roughly between 22 + 1 ⁄ 2 and 27 + 1 ⁄ 2 S, and 25 and 32 E. To its south it bordered with the Orange Free State and Natal provinces, to its west were the Cape Province and the Bechuanaland Protectorate (later Botswana ), to its north Rhodesia (later Zimbabwe ), and to its east Portuguese East Africa (later Mozambique ) and Swaziland . Except on

208-591: The Vaal River . Its capital was Pretoria , which was also the country's executive capital. In 1910, four British colonies united to form the Union of South Africa . The Transvaal Colony , which had been formed out of the bulk of the old South African Republic after the Second Boer War , became the Transvaal Province in the new union. Half a century later, in 1961, the union ceased to be part of

234-583: The Cape , saw the emergence of Nguni speakers around the same time. Some groups split off and settled along the way, while others kept going. Thus, the following settlement pattern formed: the southern Ndebele in the north, the Swazi in the northeast, the Xhosa in the south, and the Zulu towards the east. Because these peoples had a common origin, their languages and cultures show marked similarities. Partial ancestors of

260-648: The Dlamini clan against the threat of external attack. Today, the kingdom encompasses many different clans that speak a Nguni language called Swati and are loyal to the king of Eswatini, who is also the head of the Dlamini clan. "Dlamini" is a very common clan name among all documented Nguni languages (including Swati and Phuthi), associated with AbaMbo cultural identity. Ngunis may be Christians ( Catholics or Protestants ), practitioners of African traditional religions or members of forms of Christianity modified with traditional African values . They also follow

286-554: The Gamtoos River up to Umzimkhulu near Natal, which confined and restricted their pastoral ancestors from the rest of the Cape by an expanding and setting of the VOC Cape Colony frontier. This closed frontier was set in the late 1700s. The Xhosa often called the "Red Blanket People," are Bantu people living in south-east South Africa and in the last two centuries throughout the southern and central-southern parts of

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312-878: The Hlubi and stole their cattle, leaving them destitute. The remnants of the Hlubi, under their chief Matiwane fled into what is now the Free State and attacked the Batlokwa in the Harrismith Vrede area. This displaced the Batlokwa under Mmanthatisi , and she and her people spread conflict further into the central interior. Moshoeshoe and his Bakwena sought the protection of Shaka and sent him tribute in return. When Matiwane settled at Mabolela, near present-day Clocolan , Moshoeshoe complained to Shaka that this prevented him from sending his tribute, whereupon an impi

338-491: The Nguni eventually met and merged with San hunters, which accounts for the use of click consonants in the languages of the Nguni. Many tribes and clans in KwaZulu-Natal are said to have been forcibly united under Shaka Zulu. Shaka Zulu's political organization was efficient in integrating conquered tribes, partly through the age regiments, where men from different villages bonded with each other. Many versions in

364-831: The PWV) became Gauteng , the northern portion became Limpopo and the southeastern portion became Mpumalanga . Most of the North West came from the southwestern portion of the old Transvaal, and a tiny segment of the Transvaal joined KwaZulu-Natal . Even before 1994, the Transvaal Province was subdivided into regions for a number of purposes (such as municipal and district courts, and sporting divisions). These divisions included Northern Transvaal (present-day Limpopo and Pretoria), Eastern Transvaal (currently Mpumalanga ), Western Transvaal (currently part of North West Province ) and Southern Transvaal (now Gauteng Province, but which also includes Pretoria). The Transvaal province lay between

390-705: The South African landscape. Districts of the province and population at the 1991 census. The province was divided into a number of sporting teams. These teams were renamed after the Transvaal became defunct, however their traditional territories have remained unchanged in many cases, even though they overlap the boundaries of the Transvaal's successor provinces. Examples of this include the Blue Bulls (formerly Northern Transvaal ), which governs rugby in Pretoria (now part of Gauteng) and Limpopo Province, and

416-467: The Transvaal ( Afrikaans : Provinsie van Transvaal ), commonly referred to as the Transvaal ( / ˈ t r ɑː n s v ɑː l , ˈ t r æ n s -/ ; Afrikaans: [ˈtransfɑːl] ), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid . The name "Transvaal" refers to the province's geographical location to the north of

442-614: The Zulu Kingdom, which was ruled by Shaka , a warrior king whose conquest took place in the early nineteenth century, and the Xhosa Kingdom , existed for 11 generations before the start of the Frontier Wars in 1779. Overall, the Nguni cultural group is made up of the eMbo, Lala , Ntungwa, Hlubi , Xhosa , Mthethwa Paramountcy , Ngidi , Ndwandwe , Zulu , Ngoni , Swati and Ndebele ethnic groups. In Zimbabwe,

468-620: The ancestors of the Nguni people migrated from west of the geographic centre of Africa towards modern-day South Africa 7000 years ago (5000 BC). Nguni ancestors had migrated within South Africa to KwaZulu-Natal by the 1st century AD and were also present in the Transvaal region at the same time. These partially nomadic ancestors of the modern Nguni people brought with them sheep, cattle, goats, and horticultural crops, many of which had never been used in South Africa at that time. Other provinces in present-day South Africa, such as

494-682: The country. Both the Ndebele of Zimbabwe and the Ngoni migrated northward out of South Africa in the early 19th century, during a politically tumultuous era that included the Mfecane and Great Trek . In South Africa, the historic Nguni kingdoms of the Ndebele, Swazi, Xhosa, and Zulu are in the present-day provinces of the Western Cape , Eastern Cape , Gauteng , KwaZulu-Natal , Limpopo and Mpumalanga . The most notable of these kingdoms are

520-519: The defeat of Zwide and his Ndwandwes by Shaka, two of his commanders, Soshangane and Zwengendaba, fled with their followers northward, engaging in conflict as they went. Soshangane eventually founded the Shangane nation in Mozambique and Zwengendaba moved all the way to what is now Tanzania . Mzilikazi in his flight from Shaka, depopulated the eastern highveld and northern Free State, killing

546-817: The eMbo people’s southern migration. More specifically, they are said to originate from the people known as the Shubi . The Shubi can still be found today in Congo and some parts of Rwanda and Tanzania. The AmaHlubi speak a dialect closely related to the Swati language , one of the Tekela languages in the Nguni branch of the Bantu language family . The Hlubi (AmaHlubi) dialect is endangered and most Hlubi speakers are elderly and illiterate. There are attempts by Hlubi intellectuals to revive

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572-399: The historiography of southern Africa state that during the South African upheaval known as Mfecane , the Nguni people spread across a large part of southern Africa, absorbing, conquering, or displacing many other peoples. However, the notion of the mfecane or difaqane has been disputed by some scholars, notably Julian Cobbing. The Mfecane was initiated by Zwide and his Ndwandwes. They attacked

598-407: The language and make it one of the eleven recognized languages in South Africa. Nguni people The Xhosa were pastoralist from late iron age Bantu and proto-Bantu agro-pastoralists and established sub-federations under AmaXhosa kingdom, which are (AbaThembu, AmaMpondo, and AmaMpondomise) in the 5th century AD.The recent homeland of the Xhosa people is marked by lands in the Eastern Cape from

624-558: The men and capturing the women to form his Matabele nation. Initially, he settled near what is now Pretoria, then moved to Mosega, near present-day Zeerust , but after his defeat by the Voortrekkers he moved to present-day Zimbabwe where he founded his capital, Bulawayo. Within the Nguni nations, the clan, based on male ancestry, formed the highest social unit . Each clan was led by a chieftain. Influential men tried to achieve independence by creating their own clan. The power of

650-537: The south-west, these borders were mostly well defined by natural features. Several Bantustans were entirely inside the Transvaal: Venda , KwaNdebele , Gazankulu , KaNgwane and Lebowa . Parts of Bophuthatswana were also in the Transvaal, with other parts in Cape Province and Orange Free State . Within the Transvaal lies the Waterberg Massif , a prominent ancient geological feature of

676-515: Was sent to drive Matiwane from this area. Matiwane fled south and raided one of the Xhosa kingdoms, which got his whole tribe annihilated by Paramount Hintsa , at the Battle Of Mbholompo. Mmanthatisi and her Batlokwa settled near what is now Ficksburg and were followed by her son, Sekonyela, as chief of the Batlokwa. It was he who had stolen Zulu cattle that Piet Retief in his dealings with Dingane, Shaka's successor, retrieved. After

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