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99-738: American Spanish may refer to: Spanish language in the United States Spanish language in the Americas See also [ edit ] Mexican Spanish Spanish American , an American with ancestry from Spain Hispanic American , an American with ancestry from Latin America Spanish language Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
198-484: A frontiersman , bison preservationist, and cofounder of Garden City. The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico recognizes Spanish and English as official languages, but Spanish is the dominant language and was proclaimed the first official language in 1978. The island was under Spanish control for 400 years; its settlers were mainly Spanish speakers before Spain ceded Puerto Rico to the United States in 1898 following
297-528: A Hispanic not a Roman") as having been said by a native of Hispania. In Portugal, Hispanic refers to something historical related to ancient Hispania (especially the terms Hispano-Roman and Hispania) or the Spanish language and cultures shared by all the Spanish-speaking countries. Although sharing the etymology for the word (pt: hispânico , es: hispánico ), the definition for Hispanic
396-494: A day for this purpose with festivals and religious services. Some Spanish-speakers in Latin America syncretize Roman Catholicism and African or Native American rituals and beliefs. Such is the case of Santería , popular with Afro-Cubans , which combines old African beliefs in the form of Roman Catholic saints and rituals. Other syncretistic beliefs include Spiritism and Curanderismo . In Catholic tradition, Our Lady of
495-474: A geographic basis, from the toponym Hispania as the people of Hispania spoke different languages, although Titus Livius ( Livy ) said they could all understand each other, not making clear if they spoke dialects of the same language or were polyglots. The first recorded use of an anthroponym derived from the toponym Hispania is attested in one of the five fragments, of Ennius in 236 BC who wrote "Hispane, non Romane memoretis loqui me" ("Remember that I speak like
594-597: A new constitutional clause by referendum : English is the official language of the State of California. Spanish remains widely spoken throughout the state, and many government forms, documents, and services are bilingual in English and Spanish. Although all official proceedings are to be conducted in English, the California courts system offers accommodations to Spanish speakers: A person unable to understand English who
693-550: A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race and states that Hispanics or Latinos can be of any race and any ancestry. Because of the technical distinctions involved in defining "race" vs. "ethnicity", there is confusion among the general population about the designation of Hispanic identity. Currently, the United States Census Bureau defines six race categories: A 1997 notice by
792-765: A single nomenclature is "Iberian", and the one to refer to cultures derived from both countries in the Americas is "Iberian-American". These designations can be mutually recognized by people in Portugal and Brazil . "Hispanic" is totally void of any self-identification in Brazil, and quite to the contrary, serves the purpose of marking a clear distinction in relation to neighboring countries' culture. Brazilians may identify as Latin Americans, but refute being considered Hispanics because their language and culture are neither part of
891-605: A sizable percentage of the population able to speak Spanish, most notably Tampa (18%) and Orlando (16.6%). Ybor City , a historic neighborhood near downtown Tampa, was founded and is populated chiefly by Spanish and Cuban immigrants. Most Latinos in Florida are of Cuban descent and live in metropolitan Miami, followed by those of Puerto Rican origin in Miami and Orlando, and Mexican origin in Tampa, Fort Myers and Naples. New Mexico
990-667: A two-to-one margin—33% versus 14%." 21% prefer to be referred to simply as "Americans". A majority (51%) say they most often identify themselves by their family's country of origin, while 24% say they prefer a pan-ethnic label such as Hispanic or Latino. The Miguel de Cervantes Prize is awarded to Hispanic writers, whereas the Latin Grammy Award recognizes Hispanic musicians, and the Platino Awards as given to outstanding Hispanic films. Folk and popular dance and music also varies greatly among Hispanics. For instance,
1089-521: Is a set of customs, traditions, beliefs, and art forms in music, literature, dress, architecture, cuisine, and other cultural fields that are generally shared by peoples in Hispanic regions, but which can vary considerably from one country or territory to another. The Spanish language is the main cultural element shared by Hispanic peoples. The term Hispanic derives from the Latin word Hispanicus ,
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#17327585756871188-1112: Is also a very popular music style in Spain, especially in Andalusia . Spanish ballads "romances" can be traced in Argentina as "milongas", same structure but different scenarios. On the other side of the ocean, Hispanic America is also home to a wide variety of music, even though Latin music is often erroneously thought of, as a single genre. Hispanic Caribbean music tends to favor complex polyrhythms of African origin. Mexican music shows combined influences of mostly European and Native American origin, while traditional Northern Mexican music— norteño and banda — polka , has influence from polka music brought by Central European settlers to Mexico which later influenced western music. The music of Hispanic Americans—such as tejano music —has influences in rock , jazz , R&B , pop , and country music as well as traditional Mexican music such as Mariachi . Meanwhile, native Andean sounds and melodies are
1287-577: Is charged with a crime has a right to an interpreter throughout the proceedings. Throughout the history of the American Southwest, the controversial issue of language as part of cultural rights and bilingual state government representation has caused sociocultural friction between Anglophones and Hispanophones. The State of Arizona, like its neighbors in the Southwest, has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico. The state, except for
1386-435: Is committed to Hispanic educational success in the United States, and the Hispanic and Lusitanic world. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission encourages any individual who believes that he or she is Hispanic to self-identify as Hispanic. The United States Department of Labor – Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs encourages the same self-identification. As a result, individuals with origins to part of
1485-506: Is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated in both Spanish and English. English is the state government's paper working language, but government business is often conducted in Spanish, particularly at the local level. Spanish has been spoken in New Mexico since
1584-596: Is currently called the Iberian Peninsula , included the contemporary states of Spain , Portugal , parts of France , Andorra , and the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar . In English, the term Hispano-Roman is sometimes used. The Hispano-Romans were composed of people from many different Indigenous tribes , in addition to colonists from Italia . Some famous Hispani (plural of Hispanus ) and Hispaniensis were
1683-399: Is different between Portugal and Spain. The Royal Spanish Academy (Spanish: Real Academia Española, RAE), the official royal institution responsible for regulating the Spanish language defines the terms " hispano " and " hispánico " (which in Spain have slightly different meanings) as: Hispano : Hispánico The modern term to identify Portuguese and Spanish territories under
1782-556: Is host to the third-largest Jewish population in the Western Hemisphere, after the United States and Canada) in the 19th century and following World War II. Many Spanish-speaking Jews also originate from the small communities of reconverted descendants of anusim —those whose Spanish Sephardi Jewish ancestors long ago hid their Jewish ancestry and beliefs in fear of persecution by the Spanish Inquisition in
1881-654: Is now the United States since the 15th century, with the arrival of Spanish colonization in North America . Colonizers settled in areas that would later become Florida , Texas , Colorado , New Mexico , Arizona , Nevada , and California as well as in what is now the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico . The Spanish explorers explored areas of 42 of the future US states leaving behind a varying range of Hispanic legacy in North America. Western regions of
1980-598: Is someone who is a native of Hispania with no foreign parents, while children born in Hispania of Roman parents were Hispanienses . Hispaniensis means 'connected in some way to Hispania', as in "Exercitus Hispaniensis" ('the Spanish army') or "mercatores Hispanienses" ('Spanish merchants'). Hispanicus implies 'of' or 'belonging to' Hispania or the Hispanus or of their fashion as in "gladius Hispanicus". The gentile adjectives were not ethnolinguistic but derived primarily on
2079-596: Is still spoken by the Nahua people in Mexico. New Mexican Spanish also contains loanwords from the Pueblo languages of the upper Rio Grande Valley , Mexican-Spanish words ( mexicanismos ), and borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second-person plural verb form, changes in verb endings, particularly in the preterite , and the partial merger of the second and third conjugations. In Texas, English
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#17327585756872178-652: Is the most popular sport. The men's national teams of Argentina, Uruguay and Spain have won the FIFA World Cup a total six times. The Spanish La Liga is one of the most popular in the world, known for FC Barcelona and Real Madrid . Meanwhile, the Argentine Primera División is one of the strongest leagues in the Americas. However, baseball is the most popular sport in some Central American and Caribbean countries (especially Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela), as well as in
2277-546: Is the state's de facto official language and is used in government, although it lacks de jure status. However, the longstanding presence of Spanish Speaking Texans (see: Tejanos and Mexican Americans ), in addition to the ebb and flow of Spanish-speaking people across the border since the Texas Revolution , has resulted in large significance of Spanish as a minority language in Texas. Texas's counties close to
2376-549: The American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese was founded, and the academic study of Spanish literature was helped by negative attitudes towards German due to World War I. Spanish is currently the most widely taught language after English in American secondary schools and higher education. More than 790,000 university students were enrolled in Spanish courses in the autumn of 2013, with Spanish
2475-636: The Ford Foundation established the first bilingual education program in the United States for the children of Cuban exiles in Miami-Dade County, Florida . The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 boosted immigration from Latin American countries, and in 1968, Congress passed the Bilingual Education Act . Most of these one million Cuban Americans settled in southern and central Florida, while other Cubans live in
2574-592: The Hispanophone population, especially in Central Florida . In Hawaii, where Puerto Rican farm laborers and Mexican ranchers have settled since the late 19th century, seven percent of the islands' people are either Hispanic or Hispanophone or both. The Cuban Revolution of 1959 created a community of Cuban exiles who opposed the Communist revolution, many of whom left for the United States. In 1963,
2673-553: The Iberian Peninsula and Ibero-America. The Spanish Inquisition led to many forced conversions of Spanish Jews. Genetic studies on the (male) Y-chromosome conducted by the University of Leeds in 2008 appear to support the idea that the number of forced conversions have been previously underestimated significantly. They found that twenty percent of Spanish males have Y-chromosomes associated with Sephardic Jewish ancestry. This may imply that there were more forced conversions than
2772-695: The Louisiana Territory were also under Spanish rule between 1763 and 1800, after the French and Indian War , which further extended Spanish influences throughout what is now the United States. After the incorporation of those areas into the United States in the first half of the 19th century, Spanish was later reinforced in the country by the acquisition of Puerto Rico in 1898. Waves of immigration from Mexico , Cuba , Venezuela , El Salvador , and elsewhere in Latin America have strengthened
2871-716: The Mexican Revolution (c. 1910–1920). There are now several towns in Kansas with significant Spanish-speaking populations: Liberal , Garden City , and Dodge City all have Latino populations over 40%. Recently, linguists working with the Kansas Speaks Project have shown how high numbers of Spanish-speaking residents have influenced the dialect of English spoken in areas like Liberal and in other parts of southwest Kansas. There are many Spanish-language radio stations throughout Kansas , like KYYS in
2970-725: The Spanish Empire and by wars with Mexico and by land purchases. During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, land claimed by Spain encompassed a large part of the contemporary U.S. territory, including the French colony of Louisiana from 1769 to 1800. In order to further establish and defend Louisiana, Spanish Governor Bernardo de Gálvez recruited Canary Islanders to emigrate to North America. Between November 1778 and July 1779, around 1600 Isleños arrived in New Orleans , and another group of about 300 came in 1783. By 1780,
3069-654: The Spanish Empire between 1492 and 1898 brought thousands of Spanish migrants to the conquered lands, who established settlements, mainly in the Americas, but also in other distant parts of the world (as in the Philippines, the lone Spanish territory in Asia), producing a number of multiracial populations. Today, the varied populations of these places, including those with Spanish ancestry, are also designated as Hispanic. The Latin gentile adjectives that belong to Hispania are Hispanus, Hispanicus, and Hispaniensis. A Hispanus
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3168-413: The Spanish Empire may self-identify as Hispanic, because an employer may not override an individual's self-identification. The 1970 census was the first time that a "Hispanic" identifier was used and data collected with the question. The definition of "Hispanic" has been modified in each successive census. In a recent study, most Spanish speakers of Spanish or Hispanic American descent do not prefer
3267-648: The Spanish-American War . Because much of the US was once under Spanish, and later Mexican sovereignty, many places have Spanish names dating to these times. These include the names of several states and major cities. Some of these names preserve older features of Spanish orthography, such as San Ysidro , which would be Isidro in modern Spanish. Later, many other names were created in the American period by non-Spanish speakers, often violating Spanish syntax. This includes names such as Sierra Vista . In 1917,
3366-662: The United States Census Bureau in 2003 revealed that Hispanics were the largest minority in the United States and caused a flurry of press speculation in Spain about the position of Spanish in the United States. That year, the Instituto Cervantes , an organization created by the Spanish government in 1991 to promote Spanish language around the globe, established a branch in New York. In total, there were 36,995,602 people aged five or older in
3465-523: The 16th and 20th centuries. The cultures of Hispanophone countries outside Spain have been influenced as well by the local pre-Hispanic cultures or other foreign influences. There was also Spanish influence in the former Spanish East Indies , including the Philippines , Marianas , and other nations. However, Spanish is not a predominant language in these regions and, as a result, their inhabitants are not usually considered Hispanic. Hispanic culture
3564-400: The 16th century. Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence, New Mexico Spanish, particularly the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish lost in other varieties and has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many words from Nahuatl , the language that
3663-613: The 1853 Gadsden Purchase , was part of the New Mexico Territory until 1863, when the western half was made into Arizona Territory . The area of the former Gadsden Purchase was largely Spanish-speaking until the 1940s, although the Tucson area had a higher ratio of Anglophones (including Mexican Americans who were fluent in English). The continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increased the number of Spanish speakers. During
3762-548: The 1990 census, New York , California , Texas (adding to their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey , Massachusetts and Maryland . Refugees from Spain also migrated to the U.S. due to the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and political instability under the regime of Francisco Franco that lasted until 1975. The majority of Spaniards settled in Florida, Texas, California, New Jersey , New York City , Chicago , and Puerto Rico . The publication of data by
3861-498: The 1990s and 2000s as a result of family reunification and new arrivals fleeing a series of natural disasters that hit El Salvador, including earthquakes and hurricanes. By 2008, there were about 1.1 million Salvadoran immigrants in the United States. Until the 20th century, there was no clear record of the number of Venezuelans who emigrated to the United States. Between the 18th and early 19th centuries, there were many European immigrants who went to Venezuela , only to later migrate to
3960-495: The 1990s and 2000s, Miami emerged as a global city with a majority Hispanic bilingual population. Today, most of the residents of the Miami metropolitan area speak Spanish at home, and the influence of Spanish can even be seen in many features of the local dialect of English. Miami is considered the "capital of Latin US" for its many bilingual corporations, banks, and media outlets that cater to international business. In addition, there are several other major cities in Florida with
4059-566: The English-speaking American settlers who entered the Southwest established their language, culture, and law as dominant, displacing Spanish in the public sphere . The California experience is illustrative. The first California constitutional convention in 1849 had eight Californio participants; the resulting state constitution was produced in English and Spanish, and it contained a clause requiring all published laws and regulations to be published in both languages. One of
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4158-542: The Hispanic cultural sphere, nor Spanish-speaking world. In Spanish, the term " hispano ", as in " hispanoamericano ", refers to the people of Spanish origin who live in the Americas and to a relationship to Spain or to the Spanish language. There are people in Hispanic America that are not of Spanish origin, such as Amerindians- the original people of these areas, as well as Africans and people with origins from other parts of Europe. Like in Portugal, in
4257-638: The Kansas City area as well as various Spanish-language newspapers and television stations throughout the state. Several towns in Kansas boast Spanish-English dual language immersion schools in which students are instructed in both languages for varying amounts of time. Examples include Horace Mann Elementary in Wichita , named after the famous educational reformer , and Buffalo Jones Elementary in Garden City , named after Charles "Buffalo" Jones ,
4356-651: The Mexican border are mostly Hispanic and so Spanish is commonly spoken in the region. The Texas government , in Section 2054.116 of the Government Code, mandates providing by state agencies of information on their websites in Spanish to assist residents who have limited English proficiency. Spanish has been spoken in the state of Kansas since at least the early 1900s, primarily because of several waves of immigration from Mexico. That began with refugees fleeing
4455-482: The Mexican territory of Alta California . Most of New Mexico , western Texas, southern Colorado , southwestern Kansas , and the Oklahoma panhandle were part of the territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México . The geographical isolation and unique political history of this territory led to New Mexican Spanish differing notably from both Spanish spoken in other parts of the United States of America and Spanish spoken in
4554-562: The Mexican-American majority, stateside Puerto Ricans, and Cubans. As civil wars engulfed several Central American countries in the 1980s, hundreds of thousands of Salvadorans fled their country and came to the United States. Between 1980 and 1990, the Salvadoran immigrant population in the United States increased nearly fivefold from 94,000 to 465,000. The number of Salvadoran immigrants in the United States continued to grow in
4653-766: The Middle Ages. Before the marriage of Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469, the four Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula—the Kingdom of Portugal , the Crown of Aragon , the Crown of Castile , and the Kingdom of Navarre —were collectively called The Spains. This revival of the old Roman concept in the Middle Ages appears to have originated in Provençal , and
4752-644: The Northeastern United States; most are fluent in Spanish. In the city of Miami today Spanish is the first language mostly due to Cuban immigration. Likewise, the Nicaraguan Revolution and subsequent Contra War created a migration of Nicaraguans fleeing the Sandinista government and civil war to the United States in the late 1980s. Most of these Nicaraguans migrated to Florida and California. The exodus of Salvadorans
4851-745: The Pillar is considered the Patroness of the Hispanic people and the Hispanic world . While a tiny minority, there are some Muslims in Latin America, in the United States, and in the Philippines. Those in the Philippines live predominantly in Bangsamoro . There are also Spanish-speaking Jews , most of whom are the descendants of Ashkenazi Jews who migrated from Europe (German Jews, Russian Jews, Polish Jews, etc.) to Hispanic America, particularly Argentina , Uruguay , Peru , and Cuba (Argentina
4950-538: The Portuguese took the Catholic faith to their colonies in the Americas, Africa, and Asia; Catholicism remains the predominant religion amongst most Hispanics. A small but growing number of Hispanics belong to a Protestant denomination. Hispanic Christians form the largest ethno-linguistic group among Christians in the world, about 18% of the world's Christian population are Hispanic (around 430 million). In
5049-524: The Republic dissolved when Texas entered the United States of America as a state. By 1850, fewer than 16,000 or 7.5% of Texans were of Mexican descent, Spanish-speaking people (both Mexicans and non-Spanish European settlers, including German Texans ) were outnumbered six to one by English-speaking settlers (both Americans and other immigrant Europeans ). After the Mexican War of Independence from Spain, California , Nevada , Arizona , Utah , western Colorado and southwestern Wyoming also became part of
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#17327585756875148-407: The Spains , traditionally claimed by the Archbishop of Braga , a Portuguese prelate. With the Decretos de Nueva Planta , Philip V started to organize the fusion of his kingdoms that until then were ruled as distinct and independent, but this unification process lacked a formal and juridic proclamation. Although colloquially and literally the expression "King of Spain" or "King of the Spains"
5247-508: The Spanish Language located in the United States as well. In the United States there are more speakers of Spanish than speakers of French , German , Italian , Portuguese , Hawaiian , the various varieties of Chinese , Arabic and the Native American languages combined. According to the 2023 American Community Survey conducted by the US Census Bureau , Spanish is spoken at home by 43.4 million people aged five or older, more than twice as many as in 1990. Spanish has been spoken in what
5346-456: The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defined Hispanic or Latino persons as being "persons who trace their origin or descent to Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Central and South America, and other Spanish cultures." The United States Census uses the ethnonyms Hispanic or Latino to refer to "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Hispanic culture or origin regardless of race." The 2010 census asked if
5445-404: The United States Spanish is the second most spoken language in the United States . Over 43.4 million people aged five or older speak Spanish at home (13.7%). Spanish is also the most learned language other than English , with about 8 million students. Estimates count up to 58.9 million native speakers , heritage language speakers , and second-language speakers. There is an Academy of
5544-401: The United States , "Hispanic" is used as an ethnic or meta-ethnic term. The term commonly applies to Spaniards and Spanish-speaking ( Hispanophone ) populations and countries in Hispanic America (the continent) and Hispanic Africa ( Equatorial Guinea and the disputed territory of Western Sahara ), which were formerly part of the Spanish Empire due to colonization mainly between
5643-490: The United States along with their children and grandchildren who were born and/or grew up in Venezuela speaking Spanish. From 1910 to 1930, it is estimated that over 4,000 South Americans each year emigrated to the United States; however, there are few specific figures indicating these statistics. Many Venezuelans settled in the United States with hopes of receiving a better education, only to remain there following graduation. They are frequently joined by relatives. However, since
5742-471: The United States as refugees in the turmoil of the Mexican Revolution from 1910 to 1917, but many more emigrated later for economic reasons. The large majority of Mexicans are in the former Mexican-controlled areas in the Southwest . From 1942 to 1962, the Bracero program would provide for mass Mexican migration to the United States. At over 5 million, Puerto Ricans are easily the second largest Hispanic group. Of all major Hispanic groups, Puerto Ricans are
5841-445: The United States experience 50% higher rates of obesity than those in English-speaking households, according to the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Families may not have access to health education materials or resources in Spanish, and food labels are typically in English only. California's first constitution recognized Spanish-language rights: All laws, decrees, regulations, and provisions emanating from any of
5940-486: The United States in 1493, with the Spanish arrival to Puerto Rico. Ponce de León explored Florida in 1513. In 1565, the Spaniards founded St. Augustine, Florida . The Spanish later left but others moved in and it is the oldest continuously occupied European settlement in the continental United States. Juan Ponce de León founded San Juan, Puerto Rico , in 1508. Historically, the Spanish-speaking population increased because of territorial annexation of lands claimed earlier by
6039-434: The United States took control of Cuba , Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines as American territories. In 1902, Cuba became independent from the United States, while Puerto Rico remained a U.S. territory. The American government required government services to be bilingual in Spanish and English, and attempted to introduce English-medium education to Puerto Rico, but the latter effort was unsuccessful. Once Puerto Rico
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#17327585756876138-442: The United States who spoke Spanish at home (12.8% of the total U.S. population) according to the 2010 census. Although the United States has no de jure official language , English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, and the public sphere. Virtually all state and federal government agencies as well as large corporations use English as their internal working language , especially at
6237-478: The United States, some 65% of Hispanics and Latinos report themselves Catholic and 21% Protestant, with 13% having no affiliation. A minority among the Catholics, about one in five, are charismatics . Among the Protestant, 85% are " Born-again Christians " and belong to Evangelical or Pentecostal churches. Among the smallest groups, less than 4%, are Jewish. Among the Spanish-speaking Catholics, most communities celebrate their homeland's patron saint , dedicating
6336-430: The United States. People who identify their origin as Hispanic, Latino or Spanish may be of any race." The U.S. Department of Transportation defines Hispanic as, "persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race." This definition has been adopted by the Small Business Administration as well as by many federal, state, and municipal agencies for
6435-480: The adjectival derivation of Hispania , which means of the Iberian Peninsula and possibly Celtiberian origin. In English the word is attested from the 16th century (and in the late 19th century in American English). The words Spain , Spanish , and Spaniard are of the same etymology as Hispanus , ultimately. Hispanus was the Latin name given to a person from Hispania during Roman rule . The ancient Roman Hispania , which roughly comprised what
6534-527: The backbone of Peruvian and Bolivian music, but also play a significant role in the popular music of most South American countries and are heavily incorporated into the folk music of Ecuador and the tunes of Colombia, and in Chile where they play a fundamental role in the form of the greatly followed nueva canción . In U.S. communities of immigrants from these countries it is common to hear these styles. Rock en español , Latin hip-hop , Salsa , Merengue , Bachata , Cumbia and Reggaeton styles tend to appeal to
6633-419: The broader Hispanic population, and varieties of Cuban music are popular with many Hispanics of all backgrounds. Spanish-language literature and folklore is very rich and is influenced by a variety of countries. There are thousands of writers from many places, and dating from the Middle Ages to the present. Some of the most recognized writers are: In the majority of the Hispanic countries, association football
6732-401: The commonwealth government. The relatively recent but large influx of Spanish-speakers to the United States has increased the overall total of Spanish-speakers in the country. They form majorities and large minorities in many political districts, especially in California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas (the American states bordering Mexico), and also in South Florida . Mexicans first moved to
6831-1419: The diaspora in the United States. Notable Hispanic teams in early baseball are the All Cubans , Cuban Stars and New York Cubans . The Hispanic Heritage Baseball Museum recognizes Hispanic baseball personalities. Nearly 30 percent (22 percent foreign-born Hispanics) of MLB players today have Hispanic heritage. Several Hispanic sportspeople have been successful worldwide, such as Diego Maradona , Alfredo di Stefano , Lionel Messi , Diego Forlán , Fernando Torres , Xavi , Andrés Iniesta , Iker Casillas , Xabi Alonso (association football), Juan Manuel Fangio , Juan Pablo Montoya , Eliseo Salazar , Fernando Alonso , Marc Gené , Carlos Sainz Sr. and Carlos Sainz Jr. (auto racing), Ángel Nieto , Dani Pedrosa , Jorge Lorenzo , Marc Márquez , Marc Coma , Nani Roma (motorcycle racing), Emanuel Ginóbili , Pau Gasol , Marc Gasol (basketball), Julio César Chávez , Saúl Álvarez , Carlos Monzón (boxing), Miguel Indurain , Alberto Contador , Santiago Botero , Rigoberto Urán , Nairo Quintana (cycling), Roberto de Vicenzo , Ángel Cabrera , Sergio García , Severiano Ballesteros , José María Olazábal (golf), Luciana Aymar (field hockey), Rafael Nadal , Marcelo Ríos , Guillermo Vilas , Gabriela Sabatini , Juan Martín del Potro (tennis). Notable Hispanic sports television networks are ESPN Deportes , Fox Deportes and TyC Sports . The Spanish and
6930-410: The earlier clause so that all official proceedings would henceforth be published only in English. Despite the displacement of Spanish from the public sphere, much of the border region, including most of Southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and south Texas, was home to Spanish speaking communities until at least the beginning of the 20th century. In 1898, consequent to the Spanish–American War ,
7029-435: The early 1980s, the reasons for Venezuelan emigration have changed to include hopes of earning a higher salary and due to the economic fluctuations in Venezuela which also promoted an important migration of Venezuelan professionals to the US. In the 2000s, dissident Venezuelans migrated to South Florida , especially the suburbs of Doral and Weston . Other main states with Venezuelan American populations are, according to
7128-556: The emperors Trajan , Marcus Aurelius , Hadrian , Theodosius I and Magnus Maximus , the poets Marcus Annaeus Lucanus , Martial and Prudentius , the philosophers Seneca the Elder and Seneca the Younger , and the usurper Maximus of Hispania . A number of these men, such as Trajan, Hadrian and others, were in fact descended from Roman colonial families. Here follows a comparison of several terms related to Hispanic : Hispania
7227-505: The first acts of the first California Legislature of 1850 was to authorize the appointment of a State Translator, who would be responsible for translating all state laws, decrees, documents, or orders into Spanish. Such magnanimity did not last very long. As early as February 1850, California adopted the Anglo-American common law as the basis of the new state's legal system. In 1855, California declared that English would be
7326-557: The four Isleño communities were already founded. When Louisiana was sold to the United States , its Spanish, Creole and Cajun inhabitants became U.S. citizens, and continued to speak Spanish or French. In 1813, George Ticknor started a program of Spanish Studies at Harvard University. Spain also founded settlements along the Sabine River , to protect the border with French Louisiana . The towns of Nacogdoches, Texas and Los Adaes were founded as part of this settlement, and
7425-471: The least likely to be proficient in Spanish, but millions of Puerto Rican Americans living in the U.S. mainland are fluent in Spanish. Puerto Ricans are natural-born U.S. citizens, and many Puerto Ricans have migrated to New York City , Orlando , Philadelphia , and other areas of the Eastern United States , increasing the Spanish-speaking populations and in some areas being the majority of
7524-444: The management level. Some states, such as Arizona, California, Florida, New Mexico , and Texas provide bilingual legislative notices and official documents in Spanish and English and in other commonly used languages. English is the primary language of most Americans, including a growing proportion of Hispanics. Between 2000 and 2015, the proportion of Hispanics who spoke Spanish at home decreased from 78 to 73 percent. As noted above,
7623-400: The most widely taught foreign language in American colleges and universities. Some 50.6% of the over 1.5 million U.S. students enrolled in foreign-language courses took Spanish, followed by French (12.7%), American Sign Language (7%), German (5.5%), Italian (4.6%), Japanese (4.3%), Chinese (3.9%), Arabic (2.1%), and Latin (1.7%). These totals remain relatively small in relation to
7722-612: The music from Spain is a lot different from the Hispanic American , although there is a high grade of exchange between both continents. In addition, due to the high national development of the diverse nationalities and regions of Spain , there is a lot of music in the different languages of the Peninsula ( Catalan , Galician and Basque , mainly). See, for instance, Music of Catalonia or Rock català , Music of Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias , and Basque music . Flamenco
7821-420: The only medium of instruction in its schools. These policies were one way of ensuring the social and political dominance of Anglos. The state's second constitutional convention in 1872 had no Spanish-speaking participants; the convention's English-speaking participants felt that the state's remaining minority of Spanish-speakers should simply learn English; and the convention ultimately voted 46–39 to revise
7920-456: The only major exception was the territory of Puerto Rico, where Spanish was proclaimed the first official language. In Puerto Rico, it is the most commonly used language, the language of local governments, and the language of instruction in schools and universities. Spanish is the most widely taught second language in the United States. Possibly at least partially as a result of a language barrier , children from Spanish-speaking households in
8019-597: The people and culture of Spain as well as Latin America. While originally the term Hispanic referred primarily to the Hispanos of New Mexico within the United States , today, organizations in the country use the term as a broad catchall to refer to persons with a historical and cultural relationship with Spain regardless of race and ethnicity. The United States Census Bureau uses Hispanic or Latino to refer to
8118-544: The people there spoke a dialect descended from rural Mexican Spanish , which is now almost completely extinct. Although it's commonly thought in Nacogdoches that the Hispanic residents of the Sabine River area are isleños , their Spanish dialect is derived from rural Mexican Spanish, and their ancestors came from Mexico and other parts of Texas. In 1821, after Mexico's War of Independence from Spain, Texas
8217-427: The person was "Spanish/Hispanic/Latino". The United States census uses the Hispanic or Latino to refer to "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race." The Census Bureau also explains that "[o]rigin can be viewed as the heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or the person's ancestors before their arrival in
8316-654: The present-day United Mexican States. Mexico lost almost half of the northern territory gained from Spain in 1821 to the United States in the Mexican–American War (1846–1848). This included parts of contemporary Texas, and Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming, California, Nevada, and Utah. Although the lost territory was sparsely populated, the thousands of Spanish-speaking Mexicans subsequently became U.S. citizens. The war-ending Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) does not explicitly address language. Although Spanish initially continued to be used in schools and government,
8415-462: The prominence of Spanish in the country. Today, Hispanics are one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the United States, which has increased the use and importance of Spanish in the United States. Although, there is a decline in the share use of Spanish among Hispanics in major cities of the United States, there is an annual increase of the total number of Spanish speakers and the use of Spanish at home. The Spanish arrived in what would later become
8514-573: The purposes of awarding government contracts to minority owned businesses. The Congressional Hispanic Caucus and the Congressional Hispanic Conference include representatives of Spanish and Portuguese, Puerto Rican and Mexican descent. The Hispanic Society of America is dedicated to the study of the arts and cultures of the Hispanic and Lusitanic world . The Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities , proclaimed champions of Hispanic success in higher education,
8613-684: The rest of Europe (and wider world) the concept of 'Hispanic' refers to historical ancient Hispania (especially the term Hispano-Roman and Hispania during the Roman Empire) or the Spanish language and cultures shared by all the Spanish-speaking countries. Both Hispanic and Latino are widely used in American English for Spanish-speaking people and their descendants in the United States. While Hispanic refers to Spanish speakers overall, Latino refers specifically to people of Latin American descent. Hispanic can also be used for
8712-459: The term Hispanic or Latino when it comes to describing their identity. Instead, they prefer to be identified by their country of origin. When asked if they have a preference for either being identified as Hispanic or Latino , the Pew study finds that "half (51%) say they have no preference for either term." Among those who do express a preference, "'Hispanic' is preferred over 'Latino' by more than
8811-401: The three supreme powers of this State, which from their nature require publication, shall be published in English and Spanish. By 1870, English-speakers were a majority in California; in 1879, the state promulgated a new constitution with a clause under which all official proceedings were to be conducted exclusively in English, which remained in effect until 1966. In 1986, California voters added
8910-519: The title American Spanish . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Spanish&oldid=1222238455 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Language and nationality disambiguation pages Spanish language in
9009-494: The total U.S. population. Spanish language radio is the largest non-English broadcasting media. While foreign language broadcasting declined steadily, Spanish broadcasting grew steadily from the 1920s to the 1970s. Hispanic The term Hispanic ( Spanish : hispano ) refers to people, cultures , or countries related to Spain , the Spanish language , or Hispanidad broadly. In some contexts, especially within
9108-511: Was a result of both economic and political problems. The largest immigration wave occurred as a result of the Salvadoran Civil War in the 1980s, in which 20 to 30 percent of El Salvador 's population emigrated. About 50 percent, or up to 500,000 of those who escaped, headed to the United States, which was already home to over 10,000 Salvadorans, making Salvadoran Americans the fourth-largest Hispanic and Latino American group, after
9207-462: Was already widespread, it did not refer to a unified nation-state. It was only in the constitution of 1812 that was adopted the name Españas (Spains) for the Spanish nation and the use of the title of "king of the Spains". The constitution of 1876 adopts for the first time the name "Spain" for the Spanish nation and from then on the kings would use the title of "king of Spain". The expansion of
9306-400: Was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior . In 27 BC, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces, Hispania Baetica and Hispania Lusitania , while Hispania Citerior was renamed Hispania Tarraconensis . This division of Hispania explains the usage of the singular and plural forms (Spain, and The Spains) used to refer to the peninsula and its kingdoms in
9405-520: Was first documented at the end of the 11th century. In the Council of Constance , the four kingdoms shared one vote. The terms Spain and the Spains were not interchangeable. Spain was a geographic territory , home to several kingdoms (Christian and Muslim), with separate governments, laws, languages, religions, and customs, and was the historical remnant of the Hispano-Gothic unity. Spain
9504-401: Was granted autonomy in 1948, even mainlander officials who came to Puerto Rico were forced to learn Spanish. Only 20% of Puerto Rico's residents understand English, and although the island's government had a policy of official bilingualism, it was repealed in favor of a Spanish-only policy in 1991. This policy was reversed in 1993 when a pro-statehood party ousted a pro-independence party from
9603-457: Was not a political entity until much later, and when referring to the Middle Ages, one should not be confounded with the nation-state of today. The term The Spains referred specifically to a collective of juridico-political units, first the Christian kingdoms, and then the different kingdoms ruled by the same king. Illustrative of this fact is the historical ecclesiastical title of Primate of
9702-552: Was part of the United Mexican States as the state of Coahuila y Tejas . A large influx of Americans soon followed, originally with the approval of Mexico's president. In 1836, the now largely "American" Texans fought a war of independence from the central government of Mexico. The arrivals from the US objected to Mexico's abolition of slavery. They declared independence and established the Republic of Texas. In 1846,
9801-527: Was previously thought. There are also thought to be many Catholic-professing descendants of marranos and Spanish-speaking crypto-Jews in the Southwestern United States and scattered through Hispanic America. Additionally, there are Sephardic Jews who are descendants of those Jews who fled Spain to Turkey, Syria , and North Africa, some of whom have now migrated to Hispanic America, holding on to some Spanish/Sephardic customs, such as
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