59-614: Sabine River may refer to: Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana) , USA Sabine River (New Zealand) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sabine_River&oldid=798391621 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
118-491: A breakneck pace throughout the early 1930s, with more than 1,100 producing oil wells within city limits at the height of the boom. The explosive growth left most civic services overwhelmed, and as a result Kilgore was forced to incorporate in 1931. With the city flooded with male workers and roustabouts , law enforcement struggled to keep order among the shanties , tents, and ramshackle honky-tonks that crowded Kilgore's main streets. On one occasion, they had to summon help from
177-529: A day. Other customers and their gallons of use per day are the city of Westlake (8,640,000 gallons), Air Liquide (129,600), Air Products (1,728,000), CITGO (20,160,000), Phillips 66 (3,600,000), The Axiall subsidiary Eagle US 2 LLC (20,160,000), Entergy (21,600,000), Lake Charles Co-Gen (14,400,000), Louisiana Pigment (3,038,400) that produces Titanium White , another LyondellBasell company (720,000), and Matheson Tri-Gas (175,680). The main canal continues east, crossing under Highway 27 and joined by
236-567: A day. The canal was completed by the Louisiana Department of Public Works in 1981. The canal is 35 miles (56 km) long, with about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) of underground pipe, and begins on the Old Sabine River 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north of Niblett's Bluff. Pump station #1 is located two miles east of the river. The canal continues running east, piped under roadways such as Louisiana Highway 109 north of Vinton ,
295-415: A family was $ 61,765. Males had a median income of $ 45,995 versus $ 30,124 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 21,297. About 9.7% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 19.1% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over. In 2023, Kilgore had 309 locally owned businesses, and attracted $ 117 million of new industrial investment. Orgill ,
354-579: A flood-control facility. Rather, the project is regulated, as set forth in the project license, to accommodate a number of public benefits, including water supply, recreation, and hydropower production." Kilgore, Texas Kilgore is a city in Gregg and Rusk counties in Texas , United States. Located where Interstate 20 and US 259 converge just south of the Sabine River . Over three-fourths of
413-591: A hardware distributor, has a distribution center in the city. Kilgore is the home of the Mount Tabor Indian Community , a cultural heritage organization and nonprofit organization . The Reel East Texas Film Festival is an annual film festival. The Kilgore College Rangerettes were founded in 1940, and were the world's first precision drill team. The Rangerettes performed in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade . The Texas Shakespeare Festival
472-511: A total daily contract use of 141,166,000 gallons of river water a day. Up to 450,000 gallons (about 11,000 bls) of crude oil spilled over the Sabine River when the tanker Eagle Otome , which was carrying the shipment, struck two chemical-carrying barges due to loss of engine power on January 24, 2010, at 10 am local time. Severe flooding during the first week of March 2016 was the result of record rainfalls in northern Louisiana and
531-617: A while that the names of the Sabine and Neches had been reversed, thus they claimed that the treaty established the boundary at the Neches. The first Anglo-American settlers began arriving in the region in the 1820s, soon outnumbering the Mexicans by ten to one. After the independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico in 1836, the boundary between the U.S. and Texas was firmly established at
590-501: Is an annual summer repertory company . Founded in 1986, it performs at the Van Cliburn Auditorium. Kilgore Public Library was completed in 1939. The East Texas Pipe Organ Festival honors Kilgore resident Roy Perry; he supervised the installation of pipe organs at St. Mark's Cathedral and Washington National Cathedral . The annual Kilgore Film Festival started in 1998. The East Texas Oil Museum depicts events of
649-509: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sabine River (Texas%E2%80%93Louisiana) The Sabine River ( / s ə ˈ b iː n / ) is a 360-mile (580 km) long river in the Southern U.S. states of Texas and Louisiana , From the 32nd parallel north and downstream, it serves as part of the boundary between the two states and empties into Sabine Lake , an estuary of
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#1732765978971708-548: Is represented in the Texas Senate by Republican Bryan Hughes, District 1, and in the Texas House of Representatives by Republican David Simpson , District 7 and Travis Clardy, District 11. At the federal level, the two U.S. senators from Texas are Republicans John Cornyn and Ted Cruz . Kilgore is part of Texas's 1st congressional district , which is currently represented by Republican Nathaniel Moran . The city
767-779: Is served by the Kilgore Independent School District . A small portion of the town is also served by the Sabine ISD . Kilgore College is home to the Rangers and the Kilgore College Rangerettes . The Kilgore News Herald is a twice-weekly newspaper published in the city. Nearby airports include East Texas Regional Airport (public) and Kilgore Airport (private) GoBus is a regional transit system serving Kilgore and nearby cities. Allegiance Specialty Hospital of Kilgore
826-569: The Gulf of Mexico . Over the first half of the 19th century, the river formed part of the Spanish – American , Mexican –American, and Texan –American international boundaries . The upper reaches of the river flow through the prairie country of northeast Texas. Along much of its lower reaches, it flows through pine forests along the Texas–Louisiana border, and eventually the bayou country near
885-745: The Houston River canal at pumping station #2, continuing to old Mossville. There it tees to the left, providing water to the Krause and Managan canal supplying the Nelson Industrial Steam Company (Nisco), which supplies steam and electricity to area businesses. The right tee of the canal terminates at pumping station #3 on what was 8th street in Mossville, now the Sasol complex, providing 46,080,000 gallons of river water for
944-545: The Lone Star League . The team played home games at Driller Park , a venue originally built for them. Professional baseball teams included the Kilgore Gushers , Kilgore Rangers , and Kilgore Braves . The Kilgore Trails System is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) and was designed for walkers, runners, and cyclists. The trail system has access points throughout the city, and passes through wooded areas. Kilgore
1003-484: The Sabine Pass , Sabine Lake , and Sabine River, as far north as ― International Boundary Marker ― the thirty-second degree of north latitude. In 1843, Capt. John Clemmons made the first trip up the Sabine in the steamboat Sabine. Steamboats carried passengers, as well as commodities such as cotton, from as far north as Logansport, Louisiana , down to Sabine Pass. The pirate Jean Lafitte made many trips up
1062-780: The Seven Years' War , the capital of the Spanish province of Texas was established at Los Adaes on the east side of the river, near present-day Robeline , Louisiana. After acquiring the French territory west of the Mississippi River in 1803 Louisiana Purchase , the United States started to exert control in this area. It was at war with Native Americans in Louisiana along the Sabine River from 1836 to 1837, in
1121-590: The Texas Rangers operated a small store at Brown's Bluff (modern-day Elderville ) on the Sabine in Gregg County, Texas . Hadden's Ferry was the site of the ground-breaking ceremony held on October 5, 1961, for the 181,600-acre Toledo Bend Reservoir . Dedicated October 11, 1969, the reservoir is the largest human-made lake in the South. Flooding of lands along the Sabine River behind the dam inundated all
1180-443: The Texas Rangers to keep the peace. By the mid-1930s the oil boom was almost over and most of the small oil companies and wildcatters had sold out to major corporations. The boom was essentially over by 1940. But oil production has remained central to the city's economy. The population, which fluctuated wildly throughout the 1930s, stabilized at around 10,000 in the 1950s. A 2015 estimate placed it at just under 15,000 residents. In
1239-552: The United States Census Bureau , Kilgore has a total area of 15.7 square miles (40.7 km ), of which 15.7 square miles (40.6 km ) are land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km ), or 0.22%, are covered by water. Kilgore is located in the Piney Woods region south of the Sabine River . As of the 2020 United States census , there were 13,376 people, 5,060 households, and 3,476 families residing in
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#17327659789711298-599: The 1940s Kilgore had over 1,000 wooden oil derricks. One acre was known by the nickname, "The world's richest acre. Now there are 60 steel replicas of the derricks in the city topped with stars. The city is Texas' City of Stars. On September 23, 1983, five men and women were abducted from a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant in Kilgore and found slain , execution-style, in an oilfield outside of town. The crime went unsolved until November 2005, when two men, already in prison for other crimes, were charged, tried, and convicted for
1357-539: The Caddo Fork and Cowleech Fork in southeastern Hunt County. The confluence of the forks is now submerged in the Lake Tawakoni reservoir. The combined river flows southeast across northeast Texas and is joined by a fourth branch, Lake Fork Creek , 70.0 miles (112.7 km) downstream from the reservoir. In northeast Texas, the river flows past Kilgore , Mineola , Gladewater , Big Sandy , and Longview ,
1416-623: The Cowleech Fork, Caddo Fork, and South Fork. The Cowleech Fork rises in northwestern Hunt County and flows southeast for 49.2 miles (79.2 km). The Caddo Fork, shown as "Caddo Creek" on federal maps, rises in two tributary forks, the East Caddo Fork and the West Caddo Fork, in northwestern Hunt County. The South Fork rises in the southwestern corner of Hunt County and flows east for 28.3 miles (45.5 km), joining
1475-564: The Daisy Bradford #3, marked the discovery of the vast East Texas Oil Field . Seemingly overnight Kilgore was transformed from a small farming town on the decline into a bustling boomtown . The Daisy Bradford #3 was subsequently followed by the Lou Della Crim No. 1 and many others. By 1936, the population had increased to more than 12,000, and Kilgore's skyline was crowded with oil derricks . Oil production continued at
1534-528: The Edgerly Big Woods road, and Highway 388, which runs to Dequincy . Just east of Louisiana Highway 27 , the canal forks to the south, running around southern Sulphur. The canal is piped under Louisiana Highway 108 , at pumping station #4, providing river water to the business area known as City Service in Westlake, and companies such as Equistar , which has a daily contract for 734,400 gallons
1593-570: The Gulf Coast. The river drains an area of 9,756 square miles (25,270 km ), of which 7,426 square miles (19,230 km ) are in Texas and 2,330 square miles (6,000 km ) in Louisiana. It flows through an area of abundant rainfall and discharges the largest volume of any river in Texas. The name Sabine ( es : Río de Sabinas ) comes from the Spanish word for cypress , in reference to
1652-431: The Sabine River basin, of 18 to more than 24 inches. Toledo Bend Reservoir is considered at "full pool" at 172 ft; before the rains started, it was at 171.5 ft. On March 10, the level reached a record 174.36 ft, and 9 of the 11 gates were opened to 22 ft (two gates were out of commission for repairs). Lake Tawakoni , east of Dallas on the Sabine River, was 2 feet above full pool and Lake Fork Reservoir
1711-533: The Sabine and reportedly started the colony of Shacklefoot on the Texas side of the Sabine River, south of Carter's ferry up Bayou Patroon. During the American Civil War , on September 8, 1863, a small Confederate force thwarted a Union invasion of Texas at the Second Battle of Sabine Pass , fought at the mouth of the river. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the middle course of
1770-626: The Sabine in accordance with the Adams-Onis Treaty. The river served as the western boundary of the United States until the Texas Annexation in 1845. In July 1848, the 30th United States Congress passed a public law endorsing the government of the United States to the Texas legislature to extend the Texas eastern boundary. The Act of Congress provisioned the State of Texas to geographical limits for incorporating one half of
1829-703: The area within city limits are located in Gregg County, the remainder in Rusk County. The population was 12,975 at the 2010 census and 13,376 at the 2020 census . Kilgore was initially developed as a product of the construction of major railroad lines through the area allowing access to transport cotton, cattle, and later oil in North and East Texas . Kilgore was founded in 1872 when the International–Great Northern Railroad completed
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1888-513: The city. As of the census of 2000, 11,301 people, 4,403 households, and 2,963 families resided in the city. The population density was 734.3 inhabitants per square mile (283.5/km ). The 4,766 housing units averaged 309.7 units per square mile (119.6 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 78.22% White, 12.34% African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.68% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 6.95% from other races, and 1.38% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 11.11% of
1947-553: The crime. Kilgore is located in southern Gregg County and extends south into Rusk County. U.S. Route 259 passes through the east side of the city as a limited-access bypass, leading northeast 11 miles (18 km) to Longview and south 17 miles (27 km) to Henderson . Kilgore's city limits extend 3 miles (5 km) north from the city center as far as Interstate 20 , with access from Exits 583, 587, and 589. I-20 leads east 69 miles (111 km) to Shreveport, Louisiana and west 119 miles (192 km) to Dallas . According to
2006-477: The dam was nearly 208,000 ft per second for 31 hours, equating to 1.5 million gallons per second. Catastrophic flooding was predicted to be from 2 to 5 ft above record floods of 1884 and 1889. During peak flooding, Deweyville, Texas was surrounded by water, accessible only by air or boat. The flood stage is 24 ft, but reached 33.24 ft on March 10, 2016, which was 9.24 ft above flood stage. A group of Texas residents who suffered damage in
2065-484: The early 1930s oil boom. The Rangerette Showcase and Museum is located at Kilgore College. R.E. Saint John Memorial Stadium is a multi-purpose sports stadium in Kilgore, Texas, primarily serving Kilgore College and Kilgore Independent School District for football games and other events. The Kilgore Drillers were a minor league baseball team which played from 1947 to 1950 in the East Texas League and
2124-406: The east bank of the Sabine River on land purchased from Vicinte Michele. Chabinan built a ferry landing on the river called Paso del Chaland. Louisiana State Highway 6 (La 6) and Texas State Highway 21 now meet near here, at the site of the present-day Pendleton Bridge. In 1796, Chabinan was drowned after being kicked by a horse and falling into the Sabine. Michel Crow married his widow and ran
2183-575: The extensive growth of bald cypresses along the lower river. The river flows through an important petroleum -producing region, and the lower river near the Gulf is among the most industrialized areas of the southeastern United States. The river was often described as the dividing line between the Old South and the New Southwest. The Sabine rises in northeast Texas by the union of three branches:
2242-625: The ferry sites within its boundary. The 1970 Louisiana Legislature passed Acts 90 and 117, creating the Sabine River Diversion Canal, for the purpose of supplying fresh river water to businesses in Lake Charles , Sulphur , Westlake , and what was Mossville (now the Sasol complex), as well as to farmers along the canal, with a total capacity of 216,000,000 US gallons (820,000,000 L; 180,000,000 imp gal)
2301-620: The ferry to Carter, who became the namesake. Farther north, and just above Bayou Lanan, was Williamson Ferry. Other ferries on the Sabine River: The main Sabine River crossings were the El Camino Real (King's Highway) from Natchitoches , or "Upper Route" from Shreveport ; and the "Lower" Route, from Opelousas called "The Old Beef Trail". It was used to drive thousands of cattle from Texas to Alexandria, Louisiana , for shipment to cities such as New Orleans . Hickman Ferry
2360-595: The ferry, until he sold it to James Gaines circa 1819; it was renamed Gaines Ferry . This ferry was in service until 1937, when it was replaced by the Pendleton Bridge, built during the Great Depression. Crow also operated a ferry he had started upriver, a 120-foot crossing started in 1796. It linked what became known as Carter's Ferry Road, now Texas FM 276. Carter's ferry was 25 miles from San Augustine and 15 miles from Many, Louisiana . Crow sold
2419-525: The flooding met March 17, 2016, to discuss a class-action suit against the Sabine River Authority (SRA), based on their belief that it had mismanaged water release. The issue is under review by counsel. According to local ABC affiliate KBMT-TV , SRA spokesperson Ann Galassi stated that the SRA has guidelines it has to follow and those cannot be altered based on weather forecasts. She said that
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2478-571: The guidelines are designed to protect the infrastructure of the dam. After the record flood event, the regulatory commission could possibly review the guidelines, and she said that the SRA would welcome that. The SRA of Texas states, "The Authority was created as a conservation and reclamation district with responsibilities to control, store, preserve, and distribute the waters of the Sabine River and its tributary streams for useful purposes." The site also states, "Toledo Bend Project-since its inception and original development over 50 years ago-has never been
2537-420: The initial phase of rail line between Palestine and Longview . The rail company chose to bypass New Danville, a small community about 10 miles (16 km) southeast of Longview, in lieu of a new townsite platted on 174 acres (0.70 km ) sold to the railroad by Constantine Buckley Kilgore , the town's namesake. That way the railroad gained the profits from sale and development of the lands. A post office
2596-552: The largest city on the river, to southwest of Shreveport at the 32nd parallel north , where it establishes the Texas-Louisiana boundary. It flows south, forming the state line for the remainder of its course. It is impounded 10 miles (16 km) west of Leesville, Louisiana , to form the 70-mile-long (110 km) Toledo Bend Reservoir , with the Sabine National Forest along its western bank. South of
2655-467: The middle of 1930, the population had fallen to 500; the community appeared destined to become a ghost town . Many Blacks joined the Great Migration out of the South to northern, midwestern, and western cities for work. Kilgore's fortunes changed dramatically on October 3, 1930, when wildcatter Columbus M. "Dad" Joiner struck oil near the neighboring town of Henderson . The well known as
2714-476: The naming of the Sabine and Neches and sometimes showed them flowing independently into the Gulf of Mexico. After the Louisiana Purchase by the United States in 1803, a dispute over the boundary between the U.S. and Spain led to a demilitarized zone agreement on November 6, 1806, negotiated by Gen. James Wilkinson and Lt. Col. Simón de Herrera , to establish a neutral territory on both sides of
2773-655: The period when it was trying to remove the Indians to Indian Territory from the Southeast. The Sabine River was too deep to ford, and proved to be navigable. Early travelers and settlers would have to swim the river on horseback and cattle would have to be driven into the river to swim across. Ferries were later put into service. By the 1840s, steamboats were travelling from Logansport to Sabine Lake. Recorded ferry use began 1794, when Louis Chabinan (Sharben), his wife Margarite LaFleur, and their four children settled on
2832-422: The population. Of the 4,403 households, 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were not families. About 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size
2891-543: The quality of the river. In addition, draining of wetlands and dredging of bayous has caused decline in the acreage of wetlands, resulting in coastal erosion, and making the area much more vulnerable to hurricane damage. The lower river, south of Orange to Sabine Lake, forms part of the Intracoastal Waterway , carrying barge traffic and some pleasure boats. As a young man, Captain Bill McDonald of
2950-479: The reservoir, it passes through the bayou country, surrounded by wetlands , as well as widespread industrial areas near the Gulf Coast. Approximately 10 miles (16 km) south of Orange, it meets the Neches River from the west to form the 17-mile-long (27 km) and 7-mile-wide (11 km) Sabine Lake , which drains through Sabine Pass to the Gulf of Mexico. The city of Port Arthur, Texas , sits along
3009-447: The river was an area of widespread logging . The discovery of petroleum at nearby Spindletop led to the river basin becoming the scene of widespread oil drilling. The lower river became heavily industrialized, and developed with many oil refineries and chemical plants. Such alteration to the wetlands resulted in a degradation of the water quality. Since the late 20th century, there have been federal, state, and local efforts to restore
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#17327659789713068-422: The river when the first European explorers arrived in the 16th century. The river was named in 1716 by Spanish explorer Domingo Ramón, and appeared as Río de Sabinas on a 1721 map. The river was used by French traders, and at various times, the river was claimed by both Spain and France. After the acquisition by Spain of the French territory of Louisiana in 1763, following France's defeat by Great Britain in
3127-494: The river. Neither country would put military troops or civil police there. The indefinite boundary was resolved by the Adams–Onis Treaty of 1819, which established the Sabine River as the boundary from the Gulf to the 32nd parallel. The Spanish delay in the ratification of the treaty, and Mexico gaining independence in 1821, reignited the boundary dispute. The United States, at the insistence of Anthony Butler , claimed for
3186-489: The town had two banks, several businesses, and a reported population of 700. The 1920s showed continued steady growth, and by 1929 Kilgore was home to an estimated 1,000 residents. Prosperity came to a halt, however, when Kilgore was dealt severe blows by a steep decline in cotton prices (on which most of the town's economy was still based), and the effects of the Great Depression . Businesses began to close and, by
3245-510: The western shore of Sabine Lake Archeological evidence indicates the valley of the river has been inhabited for as long as 12,000 years by indigenous peoples. Starting in the eighth century, the Caddo inhabited the area, building extensive earthwork mounds in complexes expressing their cosmology. The Caddo culture flourished until the late 13th century. Descendants of the Caddo were living along
3304-447: Was 1 1/2 feet above full pool. When the reservoir level dropped to 173.69 ft, 9 gates were in operation at 20 ft. The previous record level of 173.93 ft was on May 18, 1989. At that time, the spillway gates were opened to 9 ft. The maximum height is 28 ft and with nine 9 gates open, the discharge rate is over 190,000 ft per second, which is equivalent to the flow over Niagara Falls . The peak water flow from
3363-399: Was 3.03. In the city, the population was distributed as 24.6% under the age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 43,129, and for
3422-470: Was a shipping point for areas as far west as Burkeville . Sabine River ports from Sabine Pass in river mileage were "Belgrade", 171 miles; "Stark's Landing" 191 miles; "Loftin Ferry", and "Bayou Lanacoco" 220 miles; "Hickman's Ferry" 252 miles; "Burnham's Landing" 261 miles; and "Burr's Ferry" 281 miles. The area's geography remained one of the least understood in the region. Various Spanish maps had errors in
3481-409: Was built in Kilgore in 1873 and with a station and transportation for getting commodity crops to market, the city soon began drawing residents and businesses away from New Danville. By 1885, the population had reached 250, and the community had two cotton gins , a church, and a school (for white children only). The racially segregated Kilgore Independent School District was organized in 1910. By 1914
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