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34-593: Amarargar (more appropriately Amragarh, as per the Bengali spelling) is a village in Ausgram II CD block in Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district in the state of West Bengal , India. Around the 11th century, King Mahindranath ruled from his fort at Amrargar. One can see the elementary remains of the foundation of a fort. According to Binoy Ghosh , it is said that

68-463: A rishi (sage) named Bhallupada established a kingdom at Bhalki (a village also in Ausgram II CD block and near Amrargar) around 10th-11th century. He extended his kingdom over a large area. His son was Gopal and his grandson/ great-grandson was Mahendranath (or Mahindranath according to some). Mahendranath's kingdom is believed to have extended from Katwa to Panchakot , in what is now mostly

102-649: A civilisation similar to the Indus Valley Bronze Age civilisation found at Harappa in Punjab (2600 - 1900 BCE) and to the Minoan civilization of Crete (3100 - 1450 BCE). The main mound at Pandu Rajar Dhibi is associated with Pandu , the Kuru King (1200 - 900 BCE) with evidence of Chalolithic Bronze Age (1600 - 750 BCE) and then Iron Age (1300 - 300 BCE) peoples. Medieval India refers to

136-453: A command area of 24,235 square kilometres (9,357 sq mi). The Damodar valley is rich in coal. It is considered as the prime centre of coking coal in the country. Massive deposits are found in the central basin spreading over 2,883 square kilometres (1,113 sq mi). The important coalfields in the basin are Jharia , Raniganj , West Bokaro , East Bokaro , Ramgarh , South Karanpura and North Karanpura . The Damodar Valley

170-636: A fort. In the 17th century CE, the Amrargar chiefdom faced the warriors of the Bardhaman Raj and in the 18th century, Bargi mercenaries of the Maratha Confederacy . Ausgram II CD Block is located in the central area of West Bengal, the eastern most state of India. It is approximately 41km northwest from the centre of Bardhaman (Burdwan) city, the capital of Purba Bardhaman district and approximately 100 km northwest of Kolkata ,

204-525: A part of Purba Bardhaman and Paschim Bardhaman districts. King Mahendranath's fort was named after his queen Amaravati. The entire area was known as Gopbhum or the territory of the Sadgops . It is said that the possible defeat of Ichhai Ghosh, who held sway over large parts of Gopbhum , at the hands of Lau Sen , helped Mahendranath to extend his territories. In the course of time, the Amrargar family branched out to Dignagar, Bhalki and Kanksa. According to

238-455: A total of 39 beds and 7 doctors. The majority of patients were treated in an outdoor setting. The main facility is at Jamtara . Ramnabagan Wildlife Sanctuary , near Burdwan village was established in 1981. It covers an area of 0.14 km . Damodar River Damodar River (Pron: /ˈdʌmoˌdaː/) is a river flowing across the Indian states of Jharkhand and West Bengal . The valley

272-445: Is rice grown in paddy fields (32.87% of cropped area). The aman crop is planted in the monsoon and harvested in winter. The spring rice crop (the boro crop) yield is smaller but is increasing with expansion of the irrigation system and intensive cropping. The aush (or aus ) crop, a rough rice, is sown with pre-monsoonal showers and harvested in autumn. Wheat , potatoes , legumes and oil-seeds are also grown. In 2014,

306-705: Is also another name given to the Hindu god Krishna because his foster-mother, Yashoda , had tied him to a large urn. The Damodar is a rain-fed river. It originates in Khamarpat Hill on Chotanagpur Plateau in Jharkhand. It travels 368 miles (592 km) before joining the Hooghly River . Damodar River has a number of tributaries and subtributaries, such as Barakar , Konar , Bokaro , Haharo, Jamunia , Ghari, Guaia, Khadia and Bhera. The Damodar and

340-493: Is one of the most industrialised parts of India. Three integrated steel plants ( Bokaro , Burnpur and Durgapur ) of Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) and other factories are in the valley. Several dams have been constructed in the valley, for the generation of hydroelectric power. The valley is called “the Ruhr of India”. Damodar Valley Corporation , popularly known as DVC, came into being on July 7, 1948, by an Act of

374-549: Is rich in mineral resources and is known for large-scale mining and industrial activity. It was also known as the Sorrow of Bengal because of the ravaging floods it caused in the plains of West Bengal. The construction of several dams on the Damodar and its tributaries has helped control some of the flooding. Damodar means "rope around the belly", derived from Sanskrit दाम (dama) "rope" and उदर (udara) "belly". Damodar

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408-570: Is the CD Block administrative headquarters. Villages with over 4000 inhabitants include Debshala, Kota Chandipur, Chhora, Pubar, Amragar, Eral, Sar and Bhedia. Ausgram II CD Block is a canal irrigated agricultural area located on the Kanksa Ketugram flood plain of the Ajay river. The uneven laterite territory found in the western part of Bardhaman district extends up to Ausgram and then

442-680: The Constituent Assembly of India (Act No. XIV of 1948) as the first multipurpose river valley project of independent India. It is modeled on the Tennessee Valley Authority of the United States. The initial focus of the DVC were flood control, irrigation, generation, transmission and distribution of electricity, eco-conservation and afforestation, as well as job creation for the socio-economic well-being of

476-568: The 11th century CE, the Hindu king, Adi Sura brought five Brahmin and Kayastha from Kannauj , in what is now Uttar Pradesh , to Gopbhum in order to revive orthodox Brahminical Hinduism in West Bengal and that they are represented now by the Kulin community. In the 14th century CE, King Mahendranath ruled from his fort at Amrargar . One can see the elementary remains of the foundation of

510-817: The 33% of Augram II's land area was irrigated. Most is by canal irrigation. A small amount is by river lift (pumps and direct fetching) irrigation and deep tube wells. All the villages in Ausgram II have a supply of drinking water and a power supply. Most villages have telephone communication. 27 villages (26.47%) have post offices. Not all have a paved approach road and transport options. In 2014, there were 6 commercial banks, and 4 government owned regional rural banks ( gramin banks) across Ausgram II. In 2011, 22 villages (21.57%) had agricultural credit societies . In 2014, there were 44 fertiliser depots, 1 seed store and 36 fair price shops in Ausgram II. In 2014, Ausgram II had 8 individual bus routes. In 2017, there

544-737: The Barakar trifurcate the Chota Nagpur plateau. The rivers pass through hilly areas with great force, sweeping away whatever lies in their path. Two bridges on the Grand Trunk Road near Barhi in Hazaribagh district were torn down by the Barakar: the great stone bridge in 1913 and the subsequent iron bridge in 1946. The Chota Nagpur Plateau receives an average annual rainfall of around 1,400 mm (55 in), almost all of it in

578-462: The Maharaja was asked to pay an additional amount of ₹ 193,721 (equivalent to ₹ 110 million, US$ 1.4 million or £1.2 million in 2023) for the construction and maintenance of embankment to prevent floods. However, these ran into dispute and in 1866 and 1873, The Bengal Embankment Act was passed, transferring the powers to build and maintain embankment to the government. So great

612-538: The alluvial flood plains commence. The CD Block is vulnerable to flooding. Factors contributing to this vulnerability include loss of forested land, damage to the embankments of the Ajay river, and Monsoonal rainfall. In 2011, the 2011 Census of India found the Ausgram II CD Block population was 150,896. There were 77,184 (51%) males and 73,712 (49%) females. The number of children under 6 years of age

646-477: The damage was probably more. Many of the great floods of the Damodar are recorded in history — 1770, 1855, 1866, 1873–74, 1875–76, 1884–85, 1891–92, 1897, 1900, 1907, 1913, 1927, 1930, 1935 and 1943. In four of these floods (1770, 1855, 1913 and 1943) most of Bardhaman town was flooded. In 1789 an agreement was signed between Maharaja Kirti Chand of Burdwan and the East India Company wherein

680-479: The monsoon months between June and August. The huge volume of water that flows down the Damodar and its tributaries during the monsoons used to be a fury in the upper reaches of the valley. In the lower valley it used to overflow its banks and flood large areas. Damodar River was earlier known as the "River of Sorrows" as it used to flood many areas of Bardhaman , Hooghly , Howrah and Medinipur districts. The floods were virtually an annual ritual. In some years

714-461: The people residing in and around areas affected by DVC projects. However, over the past few decades, power generation has gained priority. Other objectives of the DVC remain part of its primary responsibility. The dams in the valley have a capacity to moderate peak floods of 7,100 to 18,400 cubic metres per second (250,000 to 650,000 cu ft/s). DVC has created irrigation potential of 3,640 square kilometres (1,410 sq mi). The first dam

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748-749: The period between the fall of the Gupta Empire in the 6th century CE and the rise of the Mughal Empire in the 16th century CE. The region between the Damodar River and the Ajay River was known as " Gopbhum ". It was here that the Sadgop kings ruled in the late medieval period. Their presence continues in the region as part of the Yadav community. As it is said, traditionally, that in

782-490: The poets of that area in that period, the rulers of Amrargar were great warriors who could hold on against powerful invaders for 6-7 centuries. They held sway till around the 17th century, when they were defeated by the Rajas of Bardhaman. See also - Gourangapur for information on Ichhai Ghosh The headquarters of Ausgram II CD block are located at Amrargar. 73.58% of the population of Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision live in

816-528: The population spoke Bengali and 12.86% spoke Santali as their first language. In 2011, 77.32% of residents were Hindu , 21.35% were Muslim and 0.35% were Christian . In 2005, a household survey found 44.85% of residents living in below the India poverty line. Ausgram II has an agricultural economy. In 2011, 16.18% of workers were farmers and 59.19% were agricultural labourers. 5.13% worked in home based industries. 19.50% worked in other settings and

850-459: The ruling deity of Amrargar's princely family. At Amrargar, Dugdheswar Shiva resides in a simple brick temple. The pancha ratna Narayana temple has wonderful carvings. The Durga temple is an attractive cottage built in the Rarh region village style. Ausgram II Studies at the nearby Pandu Rajar Dhibi archeological site have found, overall, six layers of occupation. There are traces of

884-563: The rural areas. Only 26.42% of the population live in the urban areas, and that is the highest proportion of urban population amongst the four subdivisions in Purba Bardhaman district. The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. As per the 2011 Census of India Amrargar had a total population of 4,937, of which 2,459 (50%) were males and 2,478 (50%) were females. Population below 6 years

918-707: The secondary and tertiary sectors. In 2004, the cropped area of Ausgram II was 22,705 hectares (62%). 32% of the cropped area produced more than one crop. Sharecropping is the predominant form of agriculture. The rights of farmers are recognised in the West Bengal Bargadari Act of 1950. Since 1970, there has been some land reform in West Bengal. In 2014, 56.51% of the agricultural workforce were labourers. 17.93% were holders of small land deeds ( Pattadars ) . 13.49% were farmers owning land up to 1 hectare and 4.03% owning land between 1 and 2%. 8.04% were share croppers ( Bargadars ). The main crop

952-589: The state capital. Ausgram II has an area of 360.45 km . To the north, Ausgram II is bordered by the Ajay River. To the east is Ausgram I. To the south is Galsi I and to the west is the border with Paschim Bardhaman district . Within the CD Block there are 7 local government areas ( Panchayat samiti or Gram panchayat ). They are Amarpur, Balki, Bhedia, Debsala, Eral, Kota and Ramnagar. There are 113 village council areas ( gram sansads ), 106 administrative areas ( Mouza ) and 102 villages. Amrargar village

986-505: Was 17,204. Residents belonging to the Scheduled Castes numbered 57,141 (37.87%) and to Scheduled Tribes , 21,759 (14.42%). From 1991 to 2011, the total population increased. In 2020, the total population was 175,760. At the 2011 Census of India, 68% of residents over 6 years of age were designated literate, an increase of approximately 5 % since 2001. Approximately 15% more males were literate than females. 85.24% of

1020-521: Was 601. The total number of literates in Amrargar was 2,439 (56.25% of the population over 6 years). State Highway 14 , running from Dubrajpur (in Birbhum district) to Betai (in Nadia district), passes through Amrargarh. Mahendranath, the ruler of Amrargar, had forcibly carried away an idol of ten-armed Singhabahini from the house of Jagat Singh, an Ugra Kshatriya – it was established as Shibakhya Devi,

1054-504: Was access to the Khana-Barharwa section of Sahibganj Loop with a station at Bhedia. In 2011, 5 villages in Ausgram II had no school. In 2014, Ausgram II had 133 primary schools with 8,691 students, 7 middle schools with 469 students, 15 high schools with 8,049 students and 6 higher secondary schools with 6,560 students. There were 343 institutions for special and non-formal education. In 2014, Ausgram II had health centres with

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1088-584: Was built across the Barakar River , a tributary of the Damodar river at Tilaiya in 1953. The second one was built across the Konar River , another tributary of the Damodar river at Konar in 1955. Two dams across the rivers Barakar and Damodar were built at Maithon in 1957 and Panchet in 1958. Both the dams are some 8 kilometres (5 mi) upstream of the confluence point of the rivers. These four major dams are controlled by DVC. Durgapur Barrage

1122-462: Was constructed downstream of the four dams in 1955, across the Damodar river at Durgapur, with head regulators for canals on either side for feeding an extensive system of canals and distributaries. In 1978, the government of Bihar (that was before the formation of the state of Jharkhand) constructed the Tenughat Dam across the Damodar river outside the control of DVC. It proposes constructing

1156-580: Was the devastation every year that the floods passed into folklore, as the following Bhadu song testifies: The Damodar Valley is spread across Hazaribagh , Ramgarh , Koderma , Giridih , Dhanbad , Bokaro and Chatra districts in Jharkhand and Bardhaman and Hooghly districts in West Bengal and partially covers Palamu , Ranchi , Lohardaga and Dumka districts in Jharkhand and Howrah , Bankura and Purulia districts in West Bengal with

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