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71-578: Amsterdam-Noord is mostly home to families who prefer it to the expensive, touristy and crowded Centrum , West and Zuid boroughs. It remains geographically close to major city landmarks, including Amsterdam Centraal station , the Royal Palace and the Rokin . Amsterdam-Noord is best known for its typical wooden houses (mainly located in Schellingwoude and Nieuwendam ), historical areas with

142-621: A celebrity by flying around the tower of the Grote or St.-Bavokerk in Haarlem on 1 September 1911, with the third version of the " Spin ". One day earlier, on Queen's Day (31 August, Queen Wilhelmina's birthday), Fokker had already taken the opportunity to make a couple of demonstration flights in Haarlem in the same aircraft. In 1912, Fokker moved to Johannisthal near Berlin , where he founded his first own company, Fokker Aeroplanbau . In

213-413: A directly elected district council ( deelraad ) as well as a separate district executive board, the members of which were appointed and controlled by the council. Since the 2014 municipal elections , the district councils have been abolished and replaced by smaller, but still directly elected district committees ( bestuurscommissies ). The district committees are elected every four years, on the same day as

284-522: A high school student, he devoted considerable effort to the development of a wheel that would not suffer from punctures; basically a wheel with a perimeter formed by a series of metal plates. Fokker's interest in flight stemmed from Wilbur Wright 's exhibition flights in France in the summer and fall of 1908. In 1910, aged 20, Fokker was sent by his father to Germany to receive training as an automobile mechanic at Bingen Technical school, but his interest

355-473: A letter written shortly after this event on 25 June 1915 that: "Fokker, especially, amazed us with his skill". Author A.R. Weyl ( Fokker: The Creative Years , Putnam 1965) says that, while Fokker was a talented and bold pilot, his business character was more flawed. He failed to reinvest war profits back into his factory which consequently struggled to fulfill contracts as the factory floor was often muddled with prototype development and production taking place at

426-653: A little too; in love one has to use one's brain just as much as in business, and perhaps even more". In or about 1926 or 1927, Fokker moved to the United States. Here he established the North American branch of his company, the Atlantic Aircraft Corporation . The company gained high visibility in daring exploits by pilots. The Fokker F.VII aircraft was used by pilot Richard E. Byrd and machinist Floyd Bennett to fly over or near

497-505: A low population density ( Landelijk Noord ) and large open spaces (especially Durgerdam and Ransdorp ). Amsterdam north of the IJ originally consisted of the Volewijck peninsula, which the city was given control over in 1393 (right of craftsmanship; Dutch: recht van ambachtsheerlijkheid ). Until 1795, Amsterdam-Noord was used as a gallows field, where the corpses of convicts were hung after

568-613: A memorial ceremony takes place on 17 July at De Nieuwe Noorder cemetery. In December 1981, Amsterdam-Noord and Osdorp became the first two districts of the municipality of Amsterdam to have their own elected district council and executive board. In April 2012, the EYE Film Institute Netherlands was officially transferred from the Vondelparkpaviljoen, Vondelpark to Overhoeks , Amsterdam-Noord following an inauguration by Queen Beatrix. This made

639-501: A new main canal even required clearing the way for the construction of a bridge over the IJ connecting the area with the inner city. Van Hasselt was not aware of modern insights in public housing, and this led to various conflicts with the management of the municipal Building and Housing Service. They wanted to break with existing practices in Amsterdam, such as high-rise buildings of four or five storeys to accommodate workers. The plan

710-477: A number of prior developments before the result was achieved for which Fokker is commonly credited. The famous French pilot Roland Garros was shot down on 18 April 1915. His aircraft had been fitted with a deflector device, whereby metal deflector wedges were fitted to the propeller. Garros was able to set fire to the airframe before being taken prisoner but the aircraft's gun and the armoured propeller remained intact and came into German hands. This initiated

781-500: A phase of consideration of the interrupter gear concept in the Imperial German Army Air Service ( Luftstreitkräfte ). Fokker was heavily involved in this process but the story of his conception, development and installation of a synchronization device in a period of 48 hours (first found in an authorized biography of Fokker written in 1929) has been shown to be not factual. The available evidence points to

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852-556: A policy which was started by the establishment of the Stoomvaartmaatschappij Nederland , Koninklijke Nederlandse Stoomboot-Maatschappij (KNSM) and others. The Amsterdam Drydock Company, founded on their initiative, built a ship repair yard on the north bank, and the Nederlandsche Dok en Scheepsbouw Maatschappij (NDSM) established a new shipyard. In 1900, the municipal council decided to move

923-466: A quarter of his net worth. He takes pains to rebuff the claim that he left the country owing any taxes. On 25 March 1919, Fokker married Sophie Marie Elisabeth von Morgen in Haarlem . This marriage ended in divorce in 1923. In 1927, he married Canadian Violet Austman in New York City . On 8 February 1929, she died in a fall from their hotel suite window. The original police report said her death

994-637: A result. The British’ Royal Air Force and Free French Air Forces both did another attempt to bomb the factory on 25 and 28 July, resulting in the death of 200 citizens in total by the three raids. Only the British Forces managed to bomb the targeted airplane factory, all other bombs fell on residential areas in Amsterdam-Noord. This is the heaviest air bombardment that ever hit Amsterdam. 106 houses were destroyed, 206 houses heavily damaged and 676 houses suffered glass and roof damage. Every year

1065-489: A synchronisation device having been in development with Fokker's company for perhaps six months prior to the capture of Garros' machine. Additionally there were patents filed in France, Germany and Austria-Hungary as far back as 1910 which show a very similar device to that pioneered by Fokker. Author A. J. Weyl suggests that Fokker – or more probably someone on his production team – was aware of these patents. One patentee, Franz Schneider and his employer LVG, later sued Fokker in

1136-712: A toll house was built, to which a small outlet was connected at the end of the 18th century. The area that now forms Amsterdam-Noord has been intersected by the Noordhollandsch Kanaal since its competition in 1824, which on the south side via the Willemssluizen is connected to the IJ. The canal flows under the A10 motorway coming from Den Helder , and then goes through the Noorderpark (east of Buiksloot and west of Buikslotermeer ) and Overhoeks . It

1207-494: Is based on the fact that Platz was still alive to tell his side of the story in 1965, and Fokker was not, is unclear. Another book by Henri Hegener (who knew both Fokker and Platz personally) depicts a rather different story, saying that Platz, while a skilled craftsman (and excellent welder), had received no formal technical training, and that his contributions to the Fokker designs are exaggerated, although Hegener grants that Platz

1278-819: Is known to locals as a place of relax and jog. Other parks in the borough include the Baanakkerspark, Schellingwouderpark, Florapark and Volewijkspark. The two latter parks (located on both sides of the Noordhollandsch Kanaal) merged in 2014 to become the Noorderpark. Amsterdam-Noord is connected by one road bridge, the Schellingwouderbrug, and three road tunnels, the Coentunnel (west), IJtunnel (centre) and Zeeburgertunnel (east), to other parts of Amsterdam. Furthermore, there are five ferry lines for pedestrians and bicycles operated by

1349-550: Is located at the central city hall, housed in the Stopera building. 52°22′23″N 4°53′32″E  /  52.37306°N 4.89222°E  / 52.37306; 4.89222 Anthony Fokker Anton Herman Gerard " Anthony " Fokker (6 April 1890 – 23 December 1939) was a Dutch aviation pioneer, aviation entrepreneur , aircraft designer , and aircraft manufacturer . He produced fighter aircraft in Germany during

1420-539: Is officially credited with downing Manfred von Richthofen's Fokker Dr.I. Fokker is portrayed by Craig Kelly in the Young Indiana Jones Chronicles : Attack of the Hawkmen . One of KLM's Boeing 747-200s , registration serial PH-BUN, was named after Fokker and operated for the airline from 1979 until 2004. The aircraft was scrapped after the end of its service with KLM. Turbulent Skies

1491-466: Is the inner-most borough and historical city centre of Amsterdam , Netherlands , containing the majority of the city's landmarks. Established in 2002, Amsterdam-Centrum was the last area in the city to be granted the status of self-governing borough. The borough is 8.04 km and covers the UNESCO -listed Amsterdam canal belt . In 2013, the borough had approximately 85,000 inhabitants, who on average had

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1562-624: The Czaar Peterbuurt ), Plantage , Rapenburg , Uilenburg , Westelijke Eilanden and Weteringschans . Neighborhoods are largely traditional divisions of the inner city rather than strictly defined administrative units; as such, they have no level of autonomy, administrative privileges or governing bodies of their own. Until 2014, the Amsterdam boroughs , called stadsdelen (also known as urban districts in English), were governed by

1633-809: The First World War such as the Eindecker monoplanes, the Dr.1 triplane and the D.VII biplane. After the Treaty of Versailles forbade Germany to produce aircraft, Fokker moved his business to the Netherlands. There, his company was responsible for a variety of aircraft including the Fokker F.VII/3m trimotor , a successful interwar passenger aircraft. He died in New York in 1939. Later authors suggest he

1704-639: The Fokker Eindecker and the Fokker Dr.I , the triplane made famous in the hands of aces such as Manfred von Richthofen (the Red Baron). In all, his company delivered about 700 military aircraft to the German air force as well as supplying the German navy and Austria-Hungary. Fokker himself was a skilled pilot, demonstrating his aircraft on many occasions. On 13 June 1915, Fokker demonstrated

1775-512: The Fokker Scourge . Despite its shock effect on the enemy, the first Fokker interrupters remained unreliable and were prone to failures. Both Oswald Boelcke and Max Immelmann survived failures which resulted in propellers being shot off and even engines pulled out of their mountings due to the engine becoming unbalanced by the loss of the propeller. Immelmann's eventual death in combat has also been attributed to interrupter gear failure as

1846-542: The Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf (GVB) to cross the IJ. They are operational 24 hours a day. They depart every two minutes for the Centraal station–Buiksloterweg connection (two boats at a time for this short distance) to every half hour for the Centraal station–NDSM-werf connection (one boat at a time for this long distance), with Centraal Station directly accessible due to its waterside location on

1917-577: The North Pole on 9 May 1926. In June 1928, Amelia Earhart crossed the Atlantic to Wales in a Fokker F.VII/3m trimotor, and in 1930 Charles Kingsford Smith circumnavigated the globe in another. However the reputation was hurt when the famous University of Notre Dame football coach Knute Rockne was killed in the crash of a Fokker F.10A in March 1931 . Fokker's Dutch and American companies were at

1988-683: The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and Party for the Elderly (PvdO) one each, making Amsterdam-Noord's borough council one of the most left-wing in the city. The voorzitter bestuurscommissie (literal translation: executive committee chair) presides over the borough executive committee. The following chairs have presided over Amsterdam-Noord since it became a borough with elected officials: 52°23′28″N 4°55′06″E  /  52.39111°N 4.91833°E  / 52.39111; 4.91833 Amsterdam-Centrum Amsterdam-Centrum

2059-673: The sulfuric acid plant of Ketjen, which caused a great deal of disruption in Overtoom ( Amsterdam-Zuid ), to a new facility in Amsterdam-Noord. In 1908, the Kromhout shipbuilding factory also moved north of the IJ. In 1910, descendants of the Zaanstad manufacturing families Duijvis and Verkade founded the Drakafabriek for low-voltage cables, necessary for the electrification of the Netherlands. Many ferry services were needed to serve

2130-472: The E.V/D.VIII refer to Fokker as "the designer" but Weyl and other authors now suggest that Platz was the real design genius behind the Dr.I, D.VII and D.VIII. There may be some truth in this as Platz recalled to Weyl that he attended high level meetings alongside Fokker but was never introduced or referred-to as the designer and often never even spoke. Yet when Fokker fled Germany it was Platz who immediately took over

2201-425: The German authorities were now willing to file criminal charges against Fokker, and might have done so, had he not returned to the Netherlands shortly after the end of World War I. Fokker's own account of the D.VIII places the blame on officious German Air Force inspectors requiring an ill-conceived design change. "When the first D-8 [ sic ] was submitted to the engineering division to be sandload tested,

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2272-490: The German courts and won their case; but Fokker (by now in America) refused to pay up. However, the final result of the development was Fokker's pushrod control mechanism, Gestängesteuerung , which allowed the aircraft's forward-firing machine gun to fire only when the propeller was out of the line of fire. As incorporated into the famous Fokker Eindecker , its use directly led to a phase of German air superiority known as

2343-507: The German high command that the basic design was not at fault, but the German military inquiry concluded that shoddy workmanship due to poor supervision and quality control at the Fokker factory were to blame. Fokker received a stern warning about future conduct. Unfortunately the same scenario repeated itself a few months later, with the introduction of his Fokker E.V/D.VIII monoplane in mid-1918. A further high level German inquiry revealed more production and workmanship issues. Weyl asserts that

2414-406: The German works on Fokker's behalf. Fokker later moved Platz to the Netherlands, as head designer, when the post-war German operation collapsed which indicates Platz really did play a greater design role than Fokker admits. Weyl uncharitably suggests that Platz's role at the Fokker D.VIII crisis meetings was to take the blame if anything was wrong and not receive credit. How much of this interpretation

2485-552: The German-Dutch border. Author Weyl says that Fokker used 350 railway wagons and made sure that each train was too long to fit into the railway sidings where trains were normally checked for contraband. Weyl quotes Fokker himself as saying that he paid 20,000 Dutch guilders in bribes. The trains included 220 aeroplanes, more than 400 aero engines and much other material. This initial stock enabled him to quickly set up shop, but his focus shifted from military to civil aircraft such as

2556-430: The Netherlands. Neville Shute in 1934 negotiated with Fokker for a manufacturing licensing agreement for Airspeed Ltd (England), and found him "genial, shrewd and helpful" but "already a sick man"; and he was difficult to deal with as "his domestic life was irregular". He worked "at all hours and in strange places". Frequently "his very efficient legal advisor and secretary could not tell us where he was". Shute said he

2627-743: The Treaty of Versailles, singled out the Fokker D.VII for destruction or confiscation, the only aircraft to be so named. In 1919, Fokker returned to the Netherlands and started a new aircraft company, the Nederlandse Vliegtuigenfabriek (Dutch Aircraft Factory), predecessor to the Fokker Aircraft Company. Despite the strict disarmament conditions in the treaty, Fokker did not return home empty-handed: he managed to smuggle six goods trains' worth of D.VII and C.I military aircraft and spare parts out of Germany across

2698-544: The aircraft was seen to break up in mid-air while engaged against a Royal Flying Corps F.E.2b . Fokker and his armament team, including Lübbe and Leimberger, also worked on lesser known projects, including a multi-barrelled machine gun, known as the Fokker-Leimberger . Although superficially similar to a Gatling gun , the action of the Fokker-Leimberger was substantially different. Problems with

2769-420: The beginning of the 20th century to have more financial resources, but are still geographically separated from the city. There are thus eighteen neighbourhoods in Amsterdam-Noord. Former neighbourhoods that merged into the current ones include Buiksloterham, IJplein en Vogelbuurt, Nieuwendammerham, Tuindorp Buiksloot, Van der Pekbuurt, Volewijck, Waterland and Waterlandpleinbuurt. In this beautiful neighborhood,

2840-513: The borough more culturally attractive, since the museum's new location is only two minutes away from the Centrum borough by ferry. Amsterdam-Noord comprises the following neighbourhoods: Banne Buiksloot , Buiksloot , Buikslotermeer , Floradorp , Kadoelen , Molenwijk , Nieuwendam , Nieuwendammerdijk en Buiksloterdijk , Oostzanerwerf , Overhoeks , Tuindorp Nieuwendam and Tuindorp Oostzaan . The special district of Landelijk Noord , which

2911-573: The capital of which was Kediri. He was a cousin of the physicist Adriaan Fokker . When Fokker was four, the family returned to the Netherlands and settled in Haarlem in order to provide Fokker and his older sister, Toos, with a Dutch upbringing. Fokker was not a studious boy and did not complete his high school education. However, he showed an early interest in mechanics, and preferred making things, playing with model trains and steam engines, and experimenting with model aeroplane designs. As

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2982-543: The city's central municipal council . Each district committee elects three of its members to form an executive committee ( dagelijks bestuur ). The district committees' jurisdiction is determined by the central municipal council . Responsibilities delegated to the 2014 district committees include parks and recreation, streets and squares, refuse collection, permits and events, preparation of zoning plans, passports and drivers licenses, and welfare work. The former district council of Amsterdam-Centrum originally had 27 members but

3053-611: The committee elected its executive board. Executive committee chair was Boudewijn Oranje ( D66 ), and the other members were Jeanine van Pinxteren ( GL ) and Roeland Rengelink ( PvdA ). For the period 2018-2022 is Dehlia Timman (succeeded Mascha ten Bruggencate in July 2021) chair (both D66), the two other members are Micha Vos and Ilse Griek (both GreenLeft). The borough office (Dutch: stadsdeelkantoor ; English: district office; also known as stadsloket in Dutch) of Amsterdam-Centrum

3124-613: The execution as a frightening example. In 1660, the digging of the Buikslotertrekvaart (literal translation: Buiksloter waterway) began just to the east of the Galgenveld, from the IJ north through Volewijck to Buiksloot , Broek in Waterland , Monnickendam , Edam and Hoorn . In order to complete this project securely, several areas of Amsterdam-Noord were surrounded by dams from 1662 onwards. To finance those works,

3195-403: The first major crisis of his German career when his newly delivered Fokker Dr.I triplanes began to experience sudden fatal accidents in late 1917, and the type was temporarily grounded as too dangerous to fly. The triplanes' top wings frequently ripped off under aerobatic conditions and even Lothar von Richthofen (brother of Manfred) was lucky to survive one such crash. Fokker was able to prove to

3266-420: The following years he constructed a variety of aircraft. He relocated his factory to Schwerin where it was renamed Fokker Flugzeugwerke GmbH , and later shortened to Fokker Werke GmbH . At the outbreak of World War I the German government took control of the factory. Fokker remained as director and alleged designer of many aircraft for the Imperial German Army Air Service ( Luftstreitkräfte ), including

3337-624: The gun, especially with ruptured cases, prevented its adoption into production during the war. After moving to the US, Fokker continued to work on the design, but he was ultimately unsuccessful—properly sealing the rotary split-breech was apparently very difficult. A single surviving prototype is known today at the Kentucky Military Treasures . After the war's end, the terms of the Treaty of Versailles forbade Germany to build any aircraft or aircraft engines . The Armistice , not

3408-580: The new Eindecker (monoplane) at Stenay in the German 5th Army Sector in front of the German Crown Prince and other VIPs . Fokker worked closely with an accomplished military pilot, Otto Parschau , to bring the Eindecker into military use and on this occasion both men demonstrated the aircraft. Max Immelmann , later to become a high-scoring flying ace with the Eindecker , commented in

3479-722: The new Municipal Housing Service in Amsterdam took over the construction of the neighbourhood in the Buiksloterham. In the Second World War the industry fields in Amsterdam-Noord were the target of the air bombings by the Allied Forces . The Fokker factories were the 17 July 1943 bombings' goal, but the bombs of the United States Army Air Forces fell on the surrounding residential areas, causing 158 deaths and 119 seriously injured as

3550-585: The notable exception of Westpoort ), Amsterdam-Noord has an elected borough committee (Dutch: stadsdeelcommissie ) that in turn elects an executive board ( bestuurscommissie ). Until 2014, the committee had 29 seats; it currently has 12. During the Dutch municipal elections, 2018 , the Labour Party (PvdA) and GroenLinks (GL) won three seats each, the Democrats 66 (D66) and Socialist Party two each and

3621-628: The old windmill Krijtmolen d'Admiraal towers over the calm Nord Hollandsche canal. The windmill was built in 1792, and is open daily to visitors who are up for a tour of the mill. The neighborhood's favourite Noorderpark [1] is located just 1 km or 2 minutes away by bike. Also in the vicinity is the Vickers Wellington World War II memorial, located in the middle of a field in Landsmeer. The Vliegenbos (literal translation: fly forest), Amsterdam-Noord's main urban park,

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3692-470: The other side of the IJ. There are several bus connections with the centre and other parts of Amsterdam and with Purmerend , Volendam and Zaandam . Because the area is physically separated from the rest of the Amsterdam conurbation, it is not served by trams. The area is however served by the Amsterdam Metro and its Route 52, which opened on 22 July 2018. Like other boroughs in the city (with

3763-499: The peak of their success in the late 1920s, but he lost control by going public to sell stock. In 1929, General Motors took over Fokker Aircraft Corporation of America, and merged it in the General Aviation Corporation. Fokker was appointed director of engineering. He resigned in 1931. Fokker designs were increasingly outdated and in 1934 General Aviation discontinued their production. They were still built in

3834-489: The rampant corruption, hyper-inflation, economic meltdown, and violent revolutionary forces of the pre-Weimar days. According to Fokker's account, as WWI progressed, the German High Command became increasingly brazen, even forcing Fokker into German citizenship against his will. Fokker describes his escape from Germany as a harrowing tale in which he protected as many workers as possible and escaped with less than

3905-534: The reinforced rear spar caused the wings to flex unevenly at speed, increasing the angle of attack at the wing tips and causing the wing to shear apart under the increased loads. The problem was resolved by restoring the rear spar to its original specifications. Weyl also discusses claims of Fokker's outright plagiarism or taking sole credit for the work of his staff, first designer Martin Kreuzer and later Reinhold Platz . For example, contemporary German documents for

3976-423: The same time. Fokker distrusted qualified engineers (which he was not), and resented frequent German insistence on carrying out stringent structural tests to ensure prototype aircraft were fit for combat. He could be bad tempered and insensitive, as when he verbally abused his dying designer Martin Kreuzer on the evening of 27 June 1916, after Kreuzer had crashed the prototype Fokker D.I. The rudder jammed, but Kreuzer

4047-582: The second-highest income per household in the city (after Amsterdam-Zuid ) and one of the highest in the country. Amsterdam-Centrum consists of fourteen neighborhoods: Binnenstad (comprising the Burgwallen Oude Zijde and Burgwallen Nieuwe Zijde areas), Grachtengordel (including the Negen Straatjes district), Haarlemmerbuurt , Jodenbuurt , Jordaan , Kadijken , Lastage , Oosterdokseiland , Oostelijke Eilanden (including

4118-568: The staff of these companies on a daily basis, and a need arose for housing over the IJ. Due to a border change in 1877, Amsterdam's control was extended over the northern IJ bank to the Waterlandse Zeedijk. In 1900, Johan van Hasselt, the new director of the municipal Public Works Department, made a design for the development of Amsterdam-Noord. There was a lot of room for living and working in this design. It provided space for heavy industry and port-related activity. The construction of

4189-410: The very successful Fokker F.VII/3m trimotor . Fokker's admitted bribery has contributed to his reputation for sharp business practices. Weyl also points out that – in addition to possible criminal charges for the Fokker D.VIII fatal crashes – Fokker also failed to pay taxes to German authorities, and actually owed more than 14 million Marks. Fokker's autobiography tells a similar story, but focuses on

4260-433: The wings proved to be sufficiently strong, but the regulations called for a proportionate strength in the rear spar compared to the front spar ... Complying with the government's edict, we strengthened the rear spar and started to produce in quantity ..." The D.VIIIs immediately ran into trouble with the wing collapsing at high speed. Fokker recalled the aircraft for further testing, and successfully demonstrated that

4331-613: Was "a good chooser of men" and had a "most efficient staff of Dutchmen and ex-Germans". Fokker died at age 49 in New York in 1939 from pneumococcal meningitis , after a three-week-long illness. In 1940, his ashes were brought to Westerveld Cemetery in Driehuis , North Holland , where they were buried in the family grave. In 1970, Fokker was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame . In 1980, Fokker

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4402-413: Was a good "rule of thumb" designer. Hegener also contradicts the claims that Platz was treated badly by Fokker, at least not financially because Platz's year-end bonuses often exceeded his yearly salary. Fokker is often credited with having invented the synchronization device which enabled World War I aircraft to fire through the spinning propeller . His role was certainly significant, but there were

4473-444: Was a suicide, but this was later changed to "vertigo victim" at the request of her husband's staff. On the subject of his marriages, Fokker wrote, "I have always understood airplanes much better than women. I had more love affairs in my life, and they ended just like the first one, really, because I thought there was nothing that could be more important than my airplanes ... I have now learned, by bitter experience, that one must give

4544-445: Was able to give an oral report on the accident before he died. "Fokker hurried to the scene, and shouted reproaches at the mortally injured man". Weyl says this incident was witnessed by Reinhold Platz , who succeeded Kreuzer. While Weyl's biography paints an unpleasant picture of Fokker as a businessman, he was a popular and charismatic figure with service pilots, and could charm even senior officers. This charm enabled him to deal with

4615-430: Was considerably changed for residential construction in Amsterdam-Noord, but the area already attracted many companies. Those policies and Amsterdam-Noord's geographical situation attracted Anthony Fokker to establish his aircraft factory after the First World War . In the Nieuwendammerham, the way had already been cleared during this period for the construction of the Vogelbuurt by housing associations. A few years later,

4686-418: Was enlarged in 2006 with two extra members. The last district executive board president was Jeanine van Pinxteren ( GL , 2010–2014), who succeeded Els Iping ( PvdA , 2006–2010) and Anne Lize van der Stoel ( VVD , 2002–2006). The new district committee of Amsterdam-Centrum consists of 13 members. It was elected on 19 March 2014 with five national political parties represented in the committee. On 7 April 2014,

4757-417: Was established to ensure that the residents of the rural eastern part of Amsterdam-Noord received the same quality of service as those in the rest of the city, also comprises the Durgerdam , Holysloot , 't Nopeind , Ransdorp , Schellingwoude and Zunderdorp neighbourhoods. They are all former villages that are now part of the Amsterdam metropolitan area or villages that decided to merge with Amsterdam at

4828-452: Was in flying , so he transferred to the Erste deutsche Automobil-Fachschule in Mainz . That same year Fokker built his first aircraft " de Spin " ("the Spider"), which was destroyed when his business partner flew it into a tree. He gained his flying certificate in his second " Spin " aircraft, which shortly thereafter was also destroyed by the same business partner, prompting Fokker to end their cooperation. In his own country, he became

4899-426: Was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in Dayton, Ohio. Fokker's nickname was The Flying Dutchman . In popular media, Hurd Hatfield portrayed him in the 1971 film Von Richthofen and Brown . The character Roy Fokker from the animated series Super Dimension Fortress Macross and its prequel Macross Zero was named in honor of Anthony Fokker and Roy Brown , the Royal Air Force pilot who

4970-444: Was not until the 19th century that this area was urbanised; before construction began, the filling up of marshes with port sludge was necessary. That is how the Buiksloterham (1832–1851) and Nieuwendammerham (1879) came into existence. After the opening of the North Sea Canal in 1876, the port of Amsterdam became accessible to steamers. The municipality of Amsterdam voted to begin converting northern rural areas into industry fields,

5041-415: Was personally charismatic but unscrupulous in business and a controversial character. Anthony (Tony) Fokker was born in Blitar , Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia ), to Herman Fokker, a Dutch coffee plantation owner and Johanna Hugona Wouterina Wilhelmina Diemont. Some sources say that he was born in Kediri . At that time, Blitar was a part of the "Kediri Residency", a colonial administrative division

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